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Stäubert C, Broom OJ, Nordström A. Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors are essential for breast cancer cells to control their lipid/fatty acid metabolism. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19706-20. [PMID: 25839160 PMCID: PMC4637315 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit characteristic changes in their metabolism with efforts being made to address them therapeutically. However, targeting metabolic enzymes as such is a major challenge due to their essentiality for normal proliferating cells. The most successful pharmaceutical targets are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), with more than 40% of all currently available drugs acting through them.We show that, a family of metabolite-sensing GPCRs, the Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor family (HCAs), is crucial for breast cancer cells to control their metabolism and proliferation.We found HCA1 and HCA3 mRNA expression were significantly increased in breast cancer patient samples and detectable in primary human breast cancer patient cells. Furthermore, siRNA mediated knock-down of HCA3 induced considerable breast cancer cell death as did knock-down of HCA1, although to a lesser extent. Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry based analyses of breast cancer cell medium revealed a role for HCA3 in controlling intracellular lipid/fatty acid metabolism. The presence of etomoxir or perhexiline, both inhibitors of fatty acid β-oxidation rescues breast cancer cells with knocked-down HCA3 from cell death.Our data encourages the development of drugs acting on cancer-specific metabolite-sensing GPCRs as novel anti-proliferative agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stäubert
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Anders Nordström
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Wang MH, Gu JA, Mani V, Wu YC, Lin YJ, Chia YM, Huang ST. A rapid fluorescence detecting platform: applicable to sense carnitine and chloramphenicol in food samples. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11449c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new long-wavelength latent florescent probe, termed “BCC” for sensitive determination of coenzyme A, carnitine and chloramphenicol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-An Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Veerappan Mani
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chao Wu
- Institue of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tung Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608, Taiwan
- Institue of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering
- National Taipei University of Technology
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Jones PM, Bennett MJ. Clinical applications of 3-hydroxy fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:657-62. [PMID: 21745593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-3-Hydroxy fatty acids are unusual metabolites and rarely occur in significant quantities in normal human physiology. Genetic defects of both long-chain and medium-/short-chain mitochondrial L-3 hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenases (LCHAD, M/SCHAD) have been identified as significant metabolic diseases in humans often with severe clinical phenotypes and pathophysiology that appears to differ from other defects of straight chain fatty acid oxidation. It is felt that accumulation of these atypical fatty acid species may play a role in this pathology. We have therefore developed an assay to measure these compounds in body fluids, and tissue culture medium to help in the diagnosis of these disorders and to better study the effects of 3-hydroxy fatty acid accumulation. METHODS We have developed a stable isotope dilution, selected ion-monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometric assay for the measurement of all 3-hydroxy fatty acids from chain lengths C6 to C18 using 1,2 (13)C-labeled internal standards for all species. Authentic patient samples were utilized to develop reference intervals for control subjects, for those associated with patient samples confirmed at the molecular level to have either LCHAD or M/SCHAD deficiency and for patients who did not have disease but were fasting or on diets high in medium-chain fatty acids. Likewise, skin fibroblasts were obtained from patients with confirmed disease for additional study. Samples were also obtained from the hadh (M/SCHAD) knockout mouse. RESULTS The measurement of 3-hydroxy fatty acids in patient plasma is a valuable tool in the identification of defects of both enzymes. Severe starvation, prolonged fasting and increased medium-chain triglycerides in the diet produce a profile that is similar to that seen in M/SCHAD deficiency, making this a more difficult condition to diagnose but these biomarkers provide an important clue to the diagnosis, particularly in non-fasted, diet-controlled patients. Fibroblast studies in LCHAD deficiency demonstrate that long-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acid accumulation can be observed in cultured tissues. Incubation of cultured fibroblasts from LCHAD deficient patients with labeled fatty acids demonstrated a process of chain lengthening that has not previously been recognized. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of body fluid and cultured cell 3-hydroxy fatty acids provides both diagnostic and pathogenic information regarding these genetic diseases of fatty acid oxidation in the mitochondrion. Presently, the measurement of medium- and short-chain species provides a major metabolic biomarker for the recognition of M/SCHAD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
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Tonin AM, Ferreira GC, Grings M, Viegas CM, Busanello EN, Amaral AU, Zanatta A, Schuck PF, Wajner M. Disturbance of mitochondrial energy homeostasis caused by the metabolites accumulating in LCHAD and MTP deficiencies in rat brain. Life Sci 2010; 86:825-31. [PMID: 20399795 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the in vitro effects of 3-hydroxydodecanoic (3HDA), 3-hydroxytetradecanoic (3HTA) and 3-hydroxypalmitic (3HPA) acids, which accumulate in tissues of patients affected by mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) and isolated long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiencies, on various parameters of energy homeostasis in mitochondrial preparations from brain of young rats. MAIN METHODS We measured the respiratory parameters state 4, state 3, respiratory control ratio (RCR) and ADP/O ratio by the rate of oxygen consumption, as well as the mitochondrial membrane potential and the matrix NAD(P)H levels in the presence of the fatty acids. KEY FINDINGS We found that 3HDA, 3HTA and 3HPA markedly increased state 4 respiration and diminished the RCR using glutamate plus malate or succinate as substrates. 3HTA and 3HPA also diminished the mitochondrial membrane potential and the matrix NAD(P)H levels. In addition, 3HTA decreased state 3 respiration using glutamate/malate, but not pyruvate/malate or succinate as substrates. Our data indicate that the long-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids that accumulate in LCHAD/MTP deficiencies act as uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, while 3HTA also behaves as a metabolic inhibitor. SIGNIFICANCE It is presumed that impairment of brain energy homeostasis caused by these endogenous accumulating compounds may contribute at least in part to the neuropathology of LCHAD/MTP deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelise M Tonin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Tonin AM, Grings M, Busanello ENB, Moura AP, Ferreira GC, Viegas CM, Fernandes CG, Schuck PF, Wajner M. Long-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids accumulating in LCHAD and MTP deficiencies induce oxidative stress in rat brain. Neurochem Int 2010; 56:930-6. [PMID: 20381565 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of long-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids is the biochemical hallmark of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) and mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) deficiencies. These disorders are clinically characterized by neurological symptoms, such as convulsions and lethargy, as well as by cardiomyopathy and muscle weakness. In the present work we investigated the in vitro effect of 3-hydroxydodecanoic (3HDA), 3-hydroxytetradecanoic (3HTA) and 3-hydroxypalmitic (3HPA) acids, which accumulate in these disorders, on important oxidative stress parameters in cerebral cortex of young rats in the hope to clarify the mechanisms leading to the brain damage found in patients affected by these disorders. It was first verified that these compounds significantly induced lipid peroxidation, as determined by increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels. In addition, carbonyl formation was significantly increased and sulfhydryl content decreased by 3HTA and 3HPA, which indicates that these fatty acids elicit protein oxidative damage. 3HTA and 3HPA also diminished the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, without affecting nitrate and nitrite production. Finally, we observed that the addition of the antioxidants and free radical scavengers trolox and deferoxamine (DFO) was able to partially prevent lipid oxidative damage, whereas DFO fully prevented the reduction on GSH levels induced by 3HTA. Our present data showing that 3HDA, 3HTA and 3HPA elicit oxidative stress in rat brain indicate that oxidative damage may represent an important pathomechanism involved in the neurologic symptoms manifested by patients affected by LCHAD and MTP deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelise M Tonin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Abstract
The mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation is integral to normal cellular metabolism and maintenance of cellular energy supplies. Disorders of this pathway interrupt the body's ability to deal with fasting states, as well as compromising the functioning of organs and systems whose high-energy requirements utilize fats for a continuous energy source, such as heart and skeletal muscle. This method quantitatively measures intermediate metabolites of fatty acid beta-oxidation, specifically the 3-hydroxy-fatty acids produced by the third step in the pathway. The method is useful for helping to diagnose disorders of the pathway, especially defects in the L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenases. Serum or plasma samples are used for routine clinical evaluation; however, measurement of 3-hydroxy-fatty acid intermediates in fibroblast cell culture media and in samples from mice also allows the method to be used for research into fatty acid oxidation and interconnected pathways. The method is a stable isotope dilution, electron impact ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Ahmed K, Tunaru S, Langhans CD, Hanson J, Michalski CW, Kölker S, Jones PM, Okun JG, Offermanns S. Deorphanization of GPR109B as a receptor for the beta-oxidation intermediate 3-OH-octanoic acid and its role in the regulation of lipolysis. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:21928-21933. [PMID: 19561068 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.019455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR109B is the result of a recent gene duplication of the nicotinic acid and ketone body receptor GPR109A being found in humans but not in rodents. Like GPR109A, GPR109B is predominantly expressed in adipocytes and is supposed to mediate antilipolytic effects. Here we show that GPR109B serves as a receptor for the beta-oxidation intermediate 3-OH-octanoic acid, which has antilipolytic activity on human but not on murine adipocytes. GPR109B is coupled to Gi-type G-proteins and is activated by 2- and 3-OH-octanoic acid with EC50 values of about 4 and 8 microM, respectively. Interestingly, 3-OH-octanoic acid plasma concentrations reach micromolar concentrations under conditions of increased beta-oxidation rates, like in diabetic ketoacidosis or under a ketogenic diet. These data suggest that the ligand receptor pair 3-OH-octanoic acid/GPR109B mediates in humans a negative feedback regulation of adipocyte lipolysis to counteract prolipolytic influences under conditions of physiological or pathological increases in beta-oxidation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashan Ahmed
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sorin Tunaru
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus-Dieter Langhans
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Disease, University Childrens Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julien Hanson
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christoph W Michalski
- Department of Surgery, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Disease, University Childrens Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia M Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Childrens Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235
| | - Jürgen G Okun
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Disease, University Childrens Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Fuda F, Narayan SB, Squires RH, Bennett MJ. Bile acylcarnitine profiles in pediatric liver disease do not interfere with the diagnosis of long-chain fatty acid oxidation defects. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 367:185-8. [PMID: 16414039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma acylcarnitine measurement is an important diagnostic tool for inherited disorders of fatty acid and organic acid metabolism. Biliary excretion has been shown to be the primary route of excretion for acylcarnitines and analysis of bile acylcarnitine profiles may provide greater sensitivity for detecting metabolic disorders. Disorders of fatty acid oxidation frequently present with deranged liver function and the effect of hepatic disease on biliary acylcarnitine excretion are unknown. METHODS We measured biliary acylcarnitine levels in pediatric patients aged 6 months to 1 year undergoing open liver biopsy with prospectively determined non-metabolic liver disease in order to determine the effect of the liver disease on acylcarnitine excretion. Bile was collected in syringes and was transported immediately and stored at -70 degrees C until the time of testing. The disease patient population consisted of 2 patients with known defects in long- and short-chain fatty acid oxidation (long-chain L-3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase: LCHAD and short-chain L-3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase: SCHAD). The sample from the LCHAD patient was collected at autopsy and the patient with SCHAD deficiency was subsequently diagnosed as part of the prospective study and removed from the unknown etiology group. Acylcarnitine profiles were obtained for each specimen as butylated derivatives using tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The non-metabolic liver disease had no effect on the diagnostic value of bile acylcarnitine levels for detecting LCHAD deficiency. The concentrations of bile long-chain acylcarnitine species analyzed from patients with non-metabolic liver disease were far lower than the levels seen in LCHAD deficiency which also demonstrated a characteristic pattern of 3-hydroxyacylcarnitine excretion. In SCHAD deficiency, for which pathognomonic markers have not yet been established, bile analysis did not improve the diagnostic ability. CONCLUSION The analysis of bile acylcarnitines for the diagnosis of long-chain fatty acid oxidation defects will provide unbiased information even in the presence of severe non-metabolic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Fuda
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399, United States
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Want EJ, Cravatt BF, Siuzdak G. The expanding role of mass spectrometry in metabolite profiling and characterization. Chembiochem 2006; 6:1941-51. [PMID: 16206229 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200500151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has a strong history in drug-metabolite analysis and has recently emerged as the foremost technology in endogenous metabolite research. The advantages of mass spectrometry include a wide dynamic range, the ability to observe a diverse number of molecular species, and reproducible quantitative analysis. These attributes are important in addressing the issue of metabolite profiling, as the dynamic range easily exceeds nine orders of magnitude in biofluids, and the diversity of species ranges from simple amino acids to lipids to complex carbohydrates. The goals of the application of mass spectrometry range from basic biochemistry to clinical biomarker discovery with challenges in generating a comprehensive profile, data analysis, and structurally characterizing physiologically important metabolites. The precedent for this work has already been set in neonatal screening, as blood samples from millions of neonates are tested routinely by mass spectrometry as a diagnostic tool for inborn errors of metabolism. In this review, we will discuss the background from which contemporary metabolite research emerged, the techniques involved in this exciting area, and the current and future applications of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Want
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Center for Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Johnson DW, Trinh MU. Analysis of isomeric long-chain hydroxy fatty acids by tandem mass spectrometry: application to the diagnosis of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2003; 17:171-175. [PMID: 12512097 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl trimethylaminoethyl ester iodide derivatives have been used to selectively analyze isomeric long-chain hydroxy fatty acids by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The binary derivatives of 2-, 3-, 12- and 16-hydroxypalmitic acids afford remarkably different product ion spectra. Further discrimination between isomers is possible by acylating with pivaloyl chloride. 2- and omega-Hydroxy long-chain fatty acids form pivaloyl esters in quantitative yield whereas other secondary alcohols only partially react. Cotton-based filter paper used for blood collection contains substantial amounts of esterified long-chain hydroxy fatty acids. From the product ion spectra of the acetyl trimethylaminoethyl esters the hydroxydocosanoic and -tetracosanoic acids are >90% omega-hydroxy. All remaining saturated and unsaturated hydroxy acids are >90% 2-hydroxy acids. A method for the quantification of free 3-hydroxypalmitic acid in plasma by ESI-MS/MS for the diagnosis of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHAD) is described. Median plasma concentrations of 0.43 micromol/L (control, n = 22) and 12.2 micromol/L (LCHAD, n = 3) were obtained from 5 microL plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Johnson
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia.
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Jones PM, Tjoa S, Fennessey PV, Goodman SI, Bennett MJ. Addition of Quantitative 3-Hydroxy-Octadecanoic Acid to the Stable Isotope Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Measuring 3-Hydroxy Fatty Acids. Clin Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/48.1.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Jones
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Pathology, and Children’s Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Susan Tjoa
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Department of Pediatrics, Denver, CO 80262
| | - Paul V Fennessey
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Department of Pediatrics, Denver, CO 80262
| | - Stephen I Goodman
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Department of Pediatrics, Denver, CO 80262
| | - Michael J Bennett
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Pathology, and Children’s Medical Center of Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235
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Jones PM, Moffitt M, Joseph D, Harthcock PA, Boriack RL, Ibdah JA, Strauss AW, Bennett MJ. Accumulation of Free 3-Hydroxy Fatty Acids in the Culture Media of Fibroblasts from Patients Deficient in Long-Chain l-3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase: A Useful Diagnostic Aid. Clin Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/47.7.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: The diagnosis of long-chain l-3-hydroxy-acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency frequently requires the study of cultured fibroblasts. We developed such a test that does not require disruption and loss of the cells.Methods: We measured free 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OHFAs) in media of skin fibroblasts cultures from 11 patients with a genetic deficiency of LCHAD and the associated disorder of mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTFP). Fibroblasts were cultured for 24 h with 100 μmol/L nonisotopic palmitate added. 3-OHFAs were measured by selected-ion monitoring, stable-isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with [13C]-labeled internal standards.Results: 3-OH-hexadecanoic and 3-OH-tetradecanoic FAs were increased 14- and 11-fold, respectively, in all patients with LCHAD or MTFP deficiency when compared with control fibroblast cell lines after overnight incubation with palmitate. 3-OH-dodecanoic FA demonstrated a modest, fivefold increase in LCHAD-deficient cells. The concentrations of all 3-OHFAs were similar whether or not the medium samples were hydrolyzed to release conjugated species such as acylcarnitines, suggesting that 3-OHFAs accumulate in the media as free FAs.Conclusions: Measurement of 3-OHFA excretion from LCHAD- or MTFP-deficient cell lines can be used as a diagnostic tool. Free FAs are the predominant form of these abnormal metabolic intermediates in culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Jones
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Dallas, TX 75235
- Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Monica Moffitt
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Dallas, TX 75235
- Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Delanie Joseph
- University of Texas Southwestern Allied Health Sciences School, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Dallas, TX 75235
| | | | | | - Jamal A Ibdah
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Arnold W Strauss
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Michael J Bennett
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Dallas, TX 75235
- Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235
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