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Limosilactobacillus reuteri Regulating Intestinal Function: A Review. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have extensive use in daily life, due to the function of the changing intestinal metabolism and material conversion processes, wherein they remodel the intestinal microbiota, regulate the intestinal function and affect the organism’s health. Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), originally discovered in breast milk and currently reported to be present within the gut of almost all vertebrates and mammals, is an intestinal probiotic with prebiotic efficacy. Most L. reuteri have good intestinal colonization and bacteriocin secretion abilities, which can increase the expression of the mucin (mucoprotein) genes 2 MUC2 and MUC13, which in turn promote the development and maturation of intestinal organoids, and augment mucin secretion. In enteritis patients, L. reuteri downregulates α Tumor necrosis factor-α, (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-12 expression to attenuate inflammation. It also induces the host’s production of immunoglobulin A (IGA), which manipulates the intestinal microbial community, inhibiting the growth of pathogens. L. reuteri has been widely used in daily life. with in-depth studies having been conducted on the prebiotic effects of L. reuteri. However, the complexity of its application in a clinical setting is still unclear because the pathogenesis of various diseases still requires a large amount of data and theoretical support.
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Bioprospecting for Novel Probiotic Strains from Human Milk and Infants: Molecular, Biochemical, and Ultrastructural Evidence. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101405. [PMID: 36290309 PMCID: PMC9598434 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Demographic, genetic factors, and maternal lifestyle could modify and alter the microbial diversity of human milk and infants’ gut. We screened human breast milk and infant stool samples from Egyptian sources for possible novel probiotic strains. Forty-one isolates were submitted to the gene bank database, classified, and identified through physiological and biochemical tests. All samples revealed antibiotic resistance, antibacterial activity, and high probiotic features. Six of the isolates revealed less than 95% Average Nucleotide Identity with deposited sequences in the database. Isolate Lactobacillus delbrueckii ASO 100 exhibited the lowest identity ratio with promising probiotic and antibacterial features, enlightening the high probability of being a new probiotic species. Abstract Human milk comprises a diverse array of microbial communities with health-promoting effects, including colonization and development of the infant’s gut. In this study, we characterized the bacterial communities in the Egyptian mother–infant pairs during the first year of life under normal breastfeeding conditions. Out of one hundred isolates, forty-one were chosen for their potential probiotic properties. The selected isolates were profiled in terms of morphological and biochemical properties. The taxonomic evidence of these isolates was investigated based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic trees between the isolates’ sequence and the nearest sequences in the database. The taxonomic and biochemical evidence displayed that the isolates were encompassed in three genera: Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus. The Lactobacillus was the most common genus in human milk and feces samples with a high incidence of its different species (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lacticaseibacillus casei). Interestingly, BlastN and Jalview alignment results evidenced a low identity ratio of six isolates (less than 95%) with database sequences. This divergence was supported by the unique physiological, biochemical, and probiotic features of these isolates. The isolate L. delbrueckii, ASO 100 exhibited the lowest identity ratio with brilliant probiotic and antibacterial features suggesting the high probability of being a new species. Nine isolates were chosen and subjected to probiotic tests and ultrastructural analysis; these isolates exhibited antibiotic resistance and antibacterial activity with high probiotic characteristics, and high potentiality to be used as prophylactic and therapeutic agents in controlling intestinal pathogens.
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Wang XL, Liu ZY, Li YH, Yang LY, Yin J, He JH, Hou DX, Liu YL, Huang XG. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii on Gut Microbiome and Intestinal Morphology in Weaned Piglets. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:692389. [PMID: 34490392 PMCID: PMC8417114 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.692389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii is a Gram-positive bacterium mostly used in the dairy industry for yogurt and cheese. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii on serum biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology, and performance by supplementing at a dietary level of 0.1% in diets for weaned piglets. Eighty healthy weaned piglets (initial body weight: 7.56 ± 0.2 kg) were randomly divided into two feeding groups with four replicates in each group (n = 10 animals per replicate); piglets were fed with basal diet (CON) or basal diet containing 0.1% Lactobacillus delbrueckii (LAC). The results showed that dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii improved growth performance and increased serum HDL and insulin levels in piglets on the 28th day of the experimental time (p < 0.05). The gut microbe analysis revealed that Lactobacillus delbrueckii significantly decreased the relative abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes, but increased the relative abundance of the phyla Firmicutes. The Lactobacillus delbrueckii also significantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus at the genus level of the bacterial community in the ileum, but decreased the relative abundance of unclassified Clostridiales. Moreover, Lactobacillus delbrueckii improved mucosal morphology by obtaining higher intestinal villus height (p < 0.05), significantly increasing the concentrations of butyrate, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid in colonic chyme of piglets, but decreasing the intestinal pH at the duodenum and ileum on the 28th day of the experimental time. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii in the diet of weaned piglets can improve intestinal morphology and modulate the microbiota community to promote growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhu-Ying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, China
| | - Ying-Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Yuan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Hua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ya-Li Liu
- Hunan Pufeike Biotechnology Company, Changsha, China
| | - Xing-Guo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Investigating the Effects of a Phytobiotics-Based Product on the Fecal Bacterial Microbiome of Weaned Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071950. [PMID: 34208843 PMCID: PMC8300416 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition to a solid diet, as well as environmental and social stress, have a direct impact on swine gut physiology during weaning, affecting host gastrointestinal functions, as well as resident symbiotic microbial communities. While plant-derived bioactive products, such as phytobiotics, have shown great potential to mitigate these challenges, providing benefits such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, their mechanisms of action remain largely unexplored. To gain more insight, a 21 day trial is conducted to investigate the effects of LiveXtract, a commercial plant-based product, using fecal samples as a proxy for gut bacteria in weaned pigs. High-throughput sequencing of amplicons targeting the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene is used to determine bacterial composition at days 1 (pre-treatment), 4, 10, and 21 postweaning. Our results show that Lactobacillaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae are both higher in the supplemented group at D4 (p < 0.05), while Streptococcaceae are significantly lower in the treated group at D10 and D21. At D10, Erysipelotrichaceae are lower, and Veillonellaceae are higher in the treated samples than the control group (p < 0.05). Of the thirteen abundant Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) that have different representation between treated and control pigs (p < 0.05), six are predicted to be lactate producers (affiliation to Lactobacillus or Streptococcus), and one is predicted to be a lactate utilizer, based on its high identity to Megasphaera elsdenii. Together, these data suggest that phytobiotics may provide a favorable metabolic equilibrium between lactate production and utilization. Lactate is considered a critical microbial end product in gut environments, as it can inhibit pathogens or be metabolized to propionate for utilization by host cells.
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Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061341. [PMID: 34205811 PMCID: PMC8233972 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are well documented complications associated with the continuous use of antibiotics in the poultry industry. Over the past few decades, probiotics have emerged as viable alternatives to antibiotics; however, most of these candidate probiotic microorganisms have not been fully evaluated for their effectiveness as potential probiotics for poultry. Recent evaluation of a metagenome of broiler chickens in our laboratory revealed a prevalence of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) and Actinobacteria class of bacteria in their gastrointestinal tract. In this study Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor (S. coelicolor) were selected as probiotic bacteria, encapsulated, and added into broiler feed at a concentration of 100 mg/kg of feed. In an 8-week study, 240 one day-old chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments. Three dietary treatments contained two probiotic bacteria in three different proportions (L. reuteri and S. coelicolor individually at 100 ppm, and mixture of L. reuteri and S. coelicolor at 50 ppm each). The fourth treatment had no probiotic bacteria and it functioned as the control diet. L. reuteri and S. coelicolor were added to the feed by using wheat middlings as a carrier at a concentration of 100 ppm (100 mg/kg). Chickens fed diets containing L. reuteri and S. coelicolor mixture showed 2% improvement in body weight gain, 7% decrease in feed consumption, and 6–7% decrease in feed conversion ratios. This research suggests that L. reuteri and S. coelicolor have the potential to constitute probiotics in chickens combined or separately, depending on the desired selection of performance index.
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Use of Lactobacillus plantarum (strains 22F and 25F) and Pediococcus acidilactici (strain 72N) as replacements for antibiotic-growth promotants in pigs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12028. [PMID: 34103574 PMCID: PMC8187408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus plantarum (strains 22F and 25F) and Pediococcus acidilactici (strain 72N) have appeared promising as replacements for antibiotics in in vitro studies. Microencapsulation, especially by the spray-drying method, has been used to preserve their numbers and characteristics during storage and digestion. This study compared the efficacy of these strains and their microencapsulated form with antibiotic usage on growth performance, faecal microbial counts, and intestinal morphology in nursing-finishing pigs. A total of 240 healthy neonatal pigs were treated on days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 after cross-fostering. Sterile peptone water was delivered orally to the control and antibiotic groups. Spray-dried Lactobacillus plantarum strain 22F stored for 6-months was administered to piglets in the spraydry group. Three ml of each the three fresh strains (109 CFU/mL) were orally administered to piglets in each group. All pigs received the basal diets, but these were supplemented with routine antibiotic for the antibiotic group. Pigs in all the probiotic supplemented groups exhibited a better average daily gain and feed conversion ratio than those of the controls in the nursery and grower phases. Probiotic supplementation increased viable lactobacilli and decreased enterobacterial counts. Antibiotic additives reduced both enterobacterial and lactobacilli counts. Villous height and villous height:crypt depth ratio were greater in probiotic and antibiotic supplemented pigs comparing to the controls, especially in the jejunum. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using these strains as a substitute for antibiotics and the practicality of the microencapsulation protocol for use in swine farms.
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Zhang J, Zhang H, Wang L, Zhang K, Qiu Z, Zhang K, Yue C, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Li J. The safety and potential probiotic properties analysis of Streptococcus alactolyticus strain FGM isolated from the chicken cecum. ANN MICROBIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-021-01630-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Streptococcus alactolyticus strain FGM is used to ferment Astragalus membranaceus to develop a novel feed additive for animals in China. This study aimed at characterizing the safety and potential probiotic features of the strain FGM in vitro.
Methods
The genome of S. alactolyticus strain FGM was sequenced and used for genomic in silico studies. It was evaluated for morphology, antibiotic susceptibility, hemolytic activity, acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, adherence ability to Caco-2, and inhibitory pathogens activity.
Result
The GC content of the strain FGM was 40.38% and composed of 29 contigs. The annotation of coding genes revealed important characteristics of the germs, especially 151 genes annotated to biological adhesion. The strain FGM forecasted 43 amino acid sequences to be VF, but did not have a hemolytic gene, and neither did it show hemolytic activity in phenotypic analysis. Although 30 amino acid sequences were predicted to aid in resisting some antibiotics, the strain FGM just showed the resistance to trimoxazole and oxytetracycline, and intermediate resistance to kanamycin. FGM cells were showed the tolerance to pH 2 broth within 4 h, and 0.15~0.30% bile salt medium with the latter being attributed to the presence of bile-salt hydrolase. The strain FGM was shown to have the ability to adhere to Caco-2 cells and the adherence rate of 1.0 × 109 CFU/mL bacterial suspensions was 37.51%. Compared with Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus casei, the strain FGM showed a high capability to inhibit the diffusion of Escherichia coli O78 and reduce its adhesion on Caco-2 cells.
Conclusion
The results demonstrated the presence of probiotic potential and absence of adverse effects for the Streptococcus alactolyticus strain FGM in vitro, thus contributing to develop a safety and effective fermentation feed for animals.
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Paek J, Bai L, Shin Y, Kim H, Kook JK, Chang YH. Description of Paenibacillus dokdonensis sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 33595431 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two strains isolated from soil samples were designated as YH-JAE5T and YH-JAE2. The isolates were facultative anaerobic, Gram-stain-variable, motile, rod-shaped bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolates belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, but the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were <98 % when compared with other species within the genus. Analysis of rpoB gene revealed the isolates formed a sub-cluster with P. chibensis. The only menaquinone identified was MK-7. The two isolates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid within their cell wall peptidoglycan. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipid, aminophospholipids, and lipids. The major fatty acids were C15 : 0 anteiso and C15 : 0 iso. The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between isolate YH-JAE5T and the most closely related reference strain (Paenibacillus chibensis KCTC 3758T) were 81.7, 84.8 and 23.4 %, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.4 mol%. Thus, the polyphasic data revealed that YH-JAE2 (=KCTC 43239=JCM 34435) and YH-JAE5T (=KCTC 43059=JCM 33533) represent a new species. The name Paenibacillus dokdonensis sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Paek
- ABS Research Support Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Lu Bai
- Industrial bio-Materials Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Shin
- ABS Research Support Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongik Kim
- Vitabio, Inc., Daejeon, 305-500, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Ki Kook
- Korean Collection for Oral Microbiology and Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyo Chang
- ABS Research Support Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Rybarczyk A, Bogusławska-Wąs E, Łupkowska A. Effect of EM® probiotic on gut microbiota, growth performance, carcass and meat quality of pigs. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cisse S, Benarbia MEA, Burel A, Friedrich M, Gabinaud B, Belz É, Guilet D, Chicoteau P, Zemb O. Standardized Natural Citrus Extract dietary supplementation influences sows’ microbiota, welfare, and preweaning piglets’ performances in commercial rearing conditions. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa059. [PMID: 32705054 PMCID: PMC7264690 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of the Standardized Natural Citrus Extract (SNCE; Nor-Spice AB, Nor-Feed SAS, France) on the microbiota of the sows and on the weight gain of their piglets. Fifty sows were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (23 sows) with a standard diet and a SNCE group (27 sows) with a standard diet supplemented with 2,500 ppm of SNCE. Supplementation occurred 10 d before and 5 d after farrowing. Fecal samples from 16 sows (8 randomly selected sows of each dietary treatment) were collected for the fecal microbiota analysis 5 d after farrowing. The supplementation of SNCE increases the amount of cultivable Lactobacillus threefold in vitro. Microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples for sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The SNCE, which affected the microbiota as a discriminant analysis, was able to separate the microbial communities of the eight sows that received SNCE from the three control sows with 21 Operational Taxonomic Units (area under the ROC curve = 96%). SNCE also reduced the interval between farrowing and the first dejection of the sow and increased their feed intake (P-value < 0.05). Furthermore, feeding the sows with SNCE improved the weight gain of the piglets in the first week of life. These results show that SNCE supplementation allows to enhance zootechnical performances of peripartum’ sows, possibly due to the modulation of the microbiota transmitted to the piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekhou Cisse
- Nor-Feed SAS, Beaucouzé, France
- FeedInTech, Beaucouzé, France
| | | | | | | | - Beatrice Gabinaud
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Zemb
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
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Lactobacillus acidophilus JCM 1132 Strain and Its Mutant with Different Bacteriocin-Producing Behaviour Have Various in Situ Effects on the Gut Microbiota of Healthy Mice. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010049. [PMID: 31881756 PMCID: PMC7022661 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of bacteriocin is considered to be a probiotic trait of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). However, not all strains of LAB harbour bacteriocin genes, even within the same species. Moreover, the effects of bacteriocins on the host gut microbiota and on host physiological indicators are rarely studied. This study evaluated the effects of the bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus acidophilus strain JCM1132 and its non-producing spontaneous mutant, L. acidophilus CCFM720, on the physiological statuses and gut microbiota of healthy mice. Mice that received the bacteriocin-producing strain JCM1132 exhibited reduced water and food intake. Furthermore, the administration of these strains induced significant changes in the compositional abundance of faecal microbiota at the phylum and genus levels, and some of these changes were more pronounced after one week of withdrawal. The effects of CCFM720 treatment on the gut microbiota seemed to favour the prevention of metabolic diseases to some extent. However, individuals that received JCM1132 treatment exhibited weaker inflammatory responses than those that received CCFM720 treatment. Our results indicate that treatment with bacteriocin-producing or non-producing strains can have different effects on the host. Accordingly, this trait should be considered in the applications of LAB.
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Lo Verso L, Lessard M, Talbot G, Fernandez B, Fliss I. Isolation and Selection of Potential Probiotic Bacteria from the Pig Gastrointestinal Tract. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:299-312. [PMID: 28744832 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to isolate bacterial strains from the pig gastrointestinal tract that have antagonistic activity against potential pathogens and are able to produce antimicrobial compounds. That ability would be a first requirement for the strains' possible use as probiotics. Samples obtained from pig intestinal mucosa and contents were screened for the presence of antagonistic activity against pathogenic indicator strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Listeria by means of the double-layer technique. Samples displaying the largest inhibitory halos were further studied for the production of inhibitory substances using the agar diffusion and microtitration methods. The three most promising isolates were identified by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and showed highest affiliation to Lactobacillus salivarius. Optimal growth conditions and bacteriocin production were recorded in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe broth under anaerobic conditions at 37 °C. The antimicrobial substances were found to be sensitive to proteolytic enzymes but showed good stability at pH values below 6. Our findings suggest that these three intestinal strains are able to produce antimicrobial substances capable of inhibiting the growth of potential enteric pathogens and might have potential as probiotic feed additives for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lo Verso
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada.
| | - Martin Lessard
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Guylaine Talbot
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Benoit Fernandez
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1K 7P4, Canada
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Yang J, Qian K, Wang C, Wu Y. Roles of Probiotic Lactobacilli Inclusion in Helping Piglets Establish Healthy Intestinal Inter-environment for Pathogen Defense. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:243-250. [PMID: 28361445 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of pigs is densely populated with microorganisms that closely interact with the host and with ingested feed. Gut microbiota benefits the host by providing nutrients from dietary substrates and modulating the development and function of the digestive and immune systems. An optimized gastrointestinal microbiome is crucial for pigs' health, and establishment of the microbiome in piglets is especially important for growth and disease resistance. However, the microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets is immature and easily influenced by the environment. Supplementing the microbiome of piglets with probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus could help create an optimized microbiome by improving the abundance and number of lactobacilli and other indigenous probiotic bacteria. Dominant indigenous probiotic bacteria could improve piglets' growth and immunity through certain cascade signal transduction pathways. The piglet body provides a permissive habitat and nutrients for bacterial colonization and growth. In return, probiotic bacteria produce prebiotics such as short-chain fatty acids and bacteriocins that benefit piglets by enhancing their growth and reducing their risk of enteric infection by pathogens. A comprehensive understanding of the interactions between piglets and members of their gut microbiota will help develop new dietary interventions that can enhance piglets' growth, protect piglets from enteric diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, and maximize host feed utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Yang
- The Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 Nongke South Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Qian
- The Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 Nongke South Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chonglong Wang
- The Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 Nongke South Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Wu
- The Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 40 Nongke South Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
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Ma T, Suzuki Y, Guan LL. Dissect the mode of action of probiotics in affecting host-microbial interactions and immunity in food producing animals. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 205:35-48. [PMID: 30459000 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prophylactic antimicrobials have been widely used in food animal production with the aim to prevent infectious diseases, enhance feed efficiency, and promote growth. However, the extensive use of antimicrobials in food animal production systems has led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens, which are potential threats to human and animal health. Probiotics have been proposed to be a promising alternative of prophylactic antimicrobials, with potential beneficial effects on the host animal by improving the balance of intestinal microbiota and host immunity. Although an increasing body of evidence shows that probiotics could directly or indirectly affect gut microbiota and host immune functions, the lack of the understanding of how probiotics influence host-microbial interaction and immunity is one of the reasons for controversial findings from many animal trials, especially in food production animals. Therefore, in this review we focused on the most recent (last ten years) studies on how gut microbiota and host immune function changes in response to probiotics in food production animals (swine, poultry, and ruminant). In addition, the relationship between microbial changes and host immune function was illustrated, and how such relationship differs among animal species was further compared. Moreover, the future directions concerning the mechanisms of how probiotics modulate host-microbial interactions and host immunity were highlighted, which may assist in the optimal supplementation strategy to maximize the efficacy of probiotics to improve animal gut health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Laboratory of Animal Function and Nutrition, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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15
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Di Paola M, Bonechi E, Provensi G, Costa A, Clarke G, Ballerini C, De Filippo C, Passani MB. Oleoylethanolamide treatment affects gut microbiota composition and the expression of intestinal cytokines in Peyer's patches of mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14881. [PMID: 30291258 PMCID: PMC6173739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid sensor oleoylethanolamide (OEA), an endogenous high-affinity agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) secreted in the proximal intestine, is endowed with several distinctive homeostatic properties, such as control of appetite, anti-inflammatory activity, stimulation of lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. When administered exogenously, OEA has beneficial effects in several cognitive paradigms; therefore, in all respects, OEA can be considered a hormone of the gut-brain axis. Here we report an unexplored modulatory effect of OEA on the intestinal microbiota and on immune response. Our study shows for the first time that sub-chronic OEA administration to mice fed a normal chow pellet diet, changes the faecal microbiota profile, shifting the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio in favour of Bacteroidetes (in particular Bacteroides genus) and decreasing Firmicutes (Lactobacillus), and reduces intestinal cytokines expression by immune cells isolated from Peyer's patches. Our results suggest that sub-chronic OEA treatment modulates gut microbiota composition towards a "lean-like phenotype", and polarises gut-specific immune responses mimicking the effect of a diet low in fat and high in polysaccharides content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Di Paola
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elena Bonechi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Universitá di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Universitá di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessia Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Clara Ballerini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Carlotta De Filippo
- Instituto di Biologia e Biotecnologie Agrarie (IBBA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerce (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - M Beatrice Passani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy.
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16
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Garcia GR, Dogi CA, Poloni VL, Fochesato AS, De Moreno de Leblanc A, Cossalter AM, Payros D, Oswald IP, Cavaglieri LR. Beneficial effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 in weaned piglets: in vivo and ex vivo analysis. Benef Microbes 2018; 10:33-42. [PMID: 30274522 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics represents an alternative to replace antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed and are able to control enteric bacterial diseases and to improve gut immunity. Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 showed previously inhibition/coagregation of pathogens) and mycotoxins adsorbent ability (aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone). The aim of this work was to evaluate beneficial properties of S. cerevisiae RC016 in a non-inflammatory in vivo model in weaned piglets and in an intestinal inflammation ex vivo model induced by the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) levels, intestinal cytokines, goblet cells and production parameters were evaluated in a pig model. For the in vivo assays, twelve pigs were weaned at 21 days and assigned to two groups: Control (n=6) and Yeast (n=6). Animals received yeast strain for three weeks. After 22 days the small intestine was recovered for determination of goblet cells and s-IgA. For the ex vivo assay, jejunal explants were obtained from 5 weeks old crossbred piglets and treated as follow: (1) control; (2) treated for 3 h with 10 μM DON used as an inflammatory stressor; (3) incubated with 107 cfu/ml yeast strain; (4) pre-incubated 1 h with 107 cfu/ml yeast strain and then treated for 3 h with 10 μM DON. CCL20, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and IL-22 gene expression was determined by qPCR. Oral administration of S. cerevisiae RC016 increased s-IgA, the number of goblet cells in small intestine and all the growth parameters measured. In the ex vivo model, the cytokine profile studied showed a potential anti-inflammatory effect of the administration of the yeast. In conclusion, S. cerevisiae RC016 is a promising candidate for feed additives formulation to improve animal growth and gut immune system. This yeast strain could be able to improve the gut health through counteracting the weaning-associated intestinal inflammation in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Garcia
- 1 Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km.601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones, Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - C A Dogi
- 1 Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km.601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones, Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - V L Poloni
- 1 Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km.601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones, Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - A S Fochesato
- 1 Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km.601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones, Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - A De Moreno de Leblanc
- 3 Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, CERELA-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - A M Cossalter
- 4 Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS Toulouse, France
| | - D Payros
- 4 Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS Toulouse, France
| | - I P Oswald
- 4 Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS Toulouse, France
| | - L R Cavaglieri
- 1 Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 km.601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones, Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Argentina
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17
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Nemcová R, Maďar M, Gancarčíková S, Pistl J. The Influence of Supplementation of Feed with Lactobacillus reuteri L2/6 Biocenol on Intestinal Microbiota of Conventional Mice. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/fv-2017-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) analysis of the intestinal tract of conventional mice, following 14-day supplementation of feed with host non-specific (porcine) strain L. reuteri L2/6, showed in the presence of complex microbiota, a significant increase in the counts of representatives of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and a significant decrease in the representatives of the genera Clostridium, Bacteroides and Enterobacteriaceae. At the same time, the supplemented strain stimulated the population of caecal lactobacilli of the species L. reuteri. These results demonstrated that the L. reuteri L2/6 colonised the jejunum, ileum and caecum and modulated the investigated intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Nemcová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice , Slovakia
| | - M. Maďar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice , Slovakia
| | - S. Gancarčíková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice , Slovakia
| | - J. Pistl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice , Slovakia
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18
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Forkus B, Ritter S, Vlysidis M, Geldart K, Kaznessis YN. Antimicrobial Probiotics Reduce Salmonella enterica in Turkey Gastrointestinal Tracts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40695. [PMID: 28094807 PMCID: PMC5240571 DOI: 10.1038/srep40695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the arsenal of technologies employed to control foodborne nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS), infections have not declined in decades. Poultry is the primary source of NTS outbreaks, as well as the fastest growing meat sector worldwide. With recent FDA rules for phasing-out antibiotics in animal production, pressure is mounting to develop new pathogen reduction strategies. We report on a technology to reduce Salmonella enteritidis in poultry. We engineered probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917, to express and secrete the antimicrobial peptide, Microcin J25. Using in vitro experiments and an animal model of 300 turkeys, we establish the efficacy of this technology. Salmonella more rapidly clear the ceca of birds administered the modified probiotic than other treatment groups. Approximately 97% lower Salmonella carriage is measured in a treated group, 14 days post-Salmonella challenge. Probiotic bacteria are generally regarded as safe to consume, are bile-resistant and can plausibly be modified to produce a panoply of antimicrobial peptides now known. The reported systems may provide a foundation for platforms to launch antimicrobials against gastrointestinal tract pathogens, including ones that are multi-drug resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Forkus
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Seth Ritter
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michail Vlysidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kathryn Geldart
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yiannis N. Kaznessis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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19
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Angelakis E. Weight gain by gut microbiota manipulation in productive animals. Microb Pathog 2016; 106:162-170. [PMID: 27836763 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics, prebiotics and probiotics are widely used as growth promoters in agriculture. In the 1940s, use of Streptomyces aureofaciens probiotics resulted in weight gain in animals, which led to the discovery of chlortetracycline. Tetracyclines, macrolides, avoparcin and penicillins have been commonly used in livestock agriculture to promote growth through increased food intake, weight gain, and improved herd health. Prebiotic supplements including oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, and galactosyl-lactose improve the growth performance of animals. Probiotics used in animal feed are mainly bacterial strains of Gram-positive bacteria and have been effectively used for weight gain in chickens, pigs, ruminants and in aquaculture. Antibiotics, prebiotics and probiotics all modify the gut microbiota and the effect of a probiotic species on the digestive flora is probably determined by bacteriocin production. Regulations governing the introduction of novel probiotics and prebiotics vary by geographical region and bias is very common in industry-funded studies. Probiotic and prebiotic foods have been consumed for centuries, either as natural components of food, or as fermented foods and it is possible to cause the same weight gain effects in humans as in animals. This review presents the use of growth promoters in food-producing animals to influence food intake and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Angelakis
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
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20
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Umu ÖCO, Bäuerl C, Oostindjer M, Pope PB, Hernández PE, Pérez-Martínez G, Diep DB. The Potential of Class II Bacteriocins to Modify Gut Microbiota to Improve Host Health. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164036. [PMID: 27695121 PMCID: PMC5047636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of bacteriocins is a potential probiotic feature of many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as it can help prevent the growth of pathogens in gut environments. However, knowledge on bacteriocin producers in situ and their function in the gut of healthy animals is still limited. In this study, we investigated five bacteriocin-producing strains of LAB and their isogenic non-producing mutants for probiotic values. The LAB bacteriocins, sakacin A (SakA), pediocin PA-1 (PedPA-1), enterocins P, Q and L50 (enterocins), plantaricins EF and JK (plantaricins) and garvicin ML (GarML), are all class II bacteriocins, but they differ greatly from each other in terms of inhibition spectrum and physicochemical properties. The strains were supplemented to mice through drinking water and changes on the gut microbiota composition were interpreted using 16S rRNA gene analysis. In general, we observed that overall structure of the gut microbiota remained largely unaffected by the treatments. However, at lower taxonomic levels, some transient but advantageous changes were observed. Some potentially problematic bacteria were inhibited (e.g., Staphylococcus by enterocins, Enterococcaceae by GarML, and Clostridium by plantaricins) and the proportion of LAB was increased in the presence of SakA-, plantaricins- and GarML-producing bacteria. Moreover, the treatment with GarML-producing bacteria co-occurred with decreased triglyceride levels in the host mice. Taken together, our results indicate that several of these bacteriocin producers have potential probiotic properties at diverse levels as they promote favorable changes in the host without major disturbance in gut microbiota, which is important for normal gut functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgün C. O. Umu
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Christine Bäuerl
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marije Oostindjer
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Phillip B. Pope
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Pablo E. Hernández
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gaspar Pérez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Dzung B. Diep
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- * E-mail:
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21
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Zimmermann J, Fusari M, Rossler E, Blajman J, Romero-Scharpen A, Astesana D, Olivero C, Berisvil A, Signorini M, Zbrun M, Frizzo L, Soto L. Effects of probiotics in swines growth performance: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Che J, Ye S, Liu B, Deng Y, Chen Q, Ge C, Liu G, Wang J. Effects of Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-1501-BPA on growth performance, faecal microflora, faecal enzyme activities and blood parameters of weaned piglets. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 109:1545-1553. [PMID: 27558133 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-016-0756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A feeding expriment was performed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-1501-BPA fermentation on the growth performance, faecal microflora, faecal enzyme activities and blood parameters of weaned piglets. A total of 150 weaned piglets were randomly assigned to different treatments groups, which were fed the same basic diet supplemented with 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01 and 0 % B. brevis FJAT-1501-BPA fermentation. The results showed that a diet supplemented with 10 % B. brevis FJAT-1501-BPA fermentation could significantly increase the final body weight (P < 0.05) and decrease feed to gain ratio, which was 37.1 % lower than that of the control group. The addition of B. brevis FJAT-1501-BPA exhibited a trend of reducing the contents of the Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus and Salmonella compared with the control. During the 35 day experimental period, cellulase and protease activities were significantly increased by the dietary inclusion of the B. brevis FJAT-1501-BPA fermentation (P < 0.05). The cellulase activity for piglets fed diet containing 1 % B. brevis FJAT-1501-BPA fermentation, 21.8 U/g, was highest among the different treatments. The protease activity for piglets fed diet containing 10 % B. brevis FJAT-1501-BPA fermentation, 50.4 U/g, was highest among the different treatments. The amylase and hemicellulase activities for piglets fed diet containing 10 % B. brevis FJAT-1501-BPA fermentation were significantly higher than those on the control diet and other treatments (P < 0.05). Moreover, usage of feed dietary supplementation with B. brevis FJAT-1501-BPA had positive effects on levels of enzymes and minerals in blood. The alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, Fe and Mg concentrations for weaned piglets fed diet containing B. brevis FJAT-1501-BPA fermentation were significantly higher than for those on the control diet (P < 0.05). Furthermore, concentration of IgG in serum was higher in weaned piglets fed diet containing 1 % B. brevis FJAT-1501-BPA fermentation compared to other treatments. These results indicated that feeding with B. brevis FJAT-1501-BPA has the potential to improve growth performance, faecal microflora, faecal enzyme activities and blood parameters of weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Che
- Agricultural Bio-resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowen Ye
- Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Agricultural Bio-resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Agricultural Bio-resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Agricultural Bio-resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Cibin Ge
- Agricultural Bio-resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohong Liu
- Agricultural Bio-resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieping Wang
- Agricultural Bio-resources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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23
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Bovera F, Iannaccone F, Mastellone V, Nizza S, Lestingi A, De Martino L, Lombardi P, Mallardo K, Ferrara M, Nizza A. Effect of spray application ofLactobacillus plantarumonin vivoperformance, caecal fermentations and haematological traits of suckling rabbits. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2012.e27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Vlasova AN, Kandasamy S, Chattha KS, Rajashekara G, Saif LJ. Comparison of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria effects, immune responses and rotavirus vaccines and infection in different host species. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 172:72-84. [PMID: 26809484 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Different probiotic strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera possess significant and widely acknowledged health-promoting and immunomodulatory properties. They also provide an affordable means for prevention and treatment of various infectious, allergic and inflammatory conditions as demonstrated in numerous human and animal studies. Despite the ample evidence of protective effects of these probiotics against rotavirus (RV) infection and disease, the precise immune mechanisms of this protection remain largely undefined, because of limited mechanistic research possible in humans and investigated in the majority of animal models. Additionally, while most human clinical probiotic trials are well-standardized using the same strains, uniform dosages, regimens of the probiotic treatments and similar host age, animal studies often lack standardization, have variable experimental designs, and non-uniform and sometime limited selection of experimental variables or observational parameters. This review presents selected data on different probiotic strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and summarizes the knowledge of their immunomodulatory properties and the associated protection against RV disease in diverse host species including neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
| | - Sukumar Kandasamy
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Kuldeep S Chattha
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Veterinary Preventive Medicine Department, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
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25
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Lähteinen T, Rinttilä T, Koort JM, Kant R, Levonen K, Jakava-Viljanen M, Björkroth J, Palva A. Effect of a multispecies lactobacillus formulation as a feeding supplement on the performance and immune function of piglets. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Sharma P, Tomar SK, Sangwan V, Goswami P, Singh R. Antibiotic Resistance of Lactobacillus
sp. Isolated from Commercial Probiotic Preparations. J Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Dairy Microbiology Division; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal 132001 India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Tomar
- Dairy Microbiology Division; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal 132001 India
| | - Vikas Sangwan
- Dairy Microbiology Division; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal 132001 India
| | - Pawas Goswami
- Department of Microbiology; Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Rameshwar Singh
- Directorate of Knowledge Management; Indian Council of Agricultural Research; New Delhi India
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27
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Chiang ML, Chen HC, Chen KN, Lin YC, Lin YT, Chen MJ. Optimizing Production of Two Potential Probiotic Lactobacilli Strains Isolated from Piglet Feces as Feed Additives for Weaned Piglets. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:1163-70. [PMID: 26104525 PMCID: PMC4478485 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus johnsonii x-1d-2 and Lactobacillus mucosae x-4w-1, originally isolated from piglet feces, have been demonstrated to possess antimicrobial activities, antibiotic resistances and interleukin-6 induction ability in RAW 267.4 macrophages in our previous study. These characteristics make L. johnsonii x-1d-2 and L. mucosae x-4w-1 good candidates for application in feed probiotics. In this study, soybeal meal, molasses and sodium acetate were selected to optimize the growth medium for cultivation of L. johnsonii x-1d-2 and L. mucosae x-4w-1. These two strains were then freeze-dried and mixed into the basal diet to feed the weaned piglets. The effects of L. johnsonii x-1d-2 and L. mucosae x-4w-1 on the growth performance and fecal microflora of weaned piglets were investigated. The results showed that the bacterial numbers of L. johnsonii x-1d-2 and L. mucosae x-4w-1 reached a maximum of 8.90 and 9.30 log CFU/mL, respectively, when growing in optimal medium consisting of 5.5% (wt/vol) soybean meal, 1.0% (wt/vol) molasses and 1.0% (wt/vol) sodium acetate. The medium cost was 96% lower than the commercial de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe medium. In a further feeding study, the weaned piglets fed basal diet supplemented with freeze-dried probiotic cultures exhibited higher (p<0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, and gain/feed ratio than weaned piglets fed basal diet. Probiotic feeding also increased the numbers of lactobacilli and decreased the numbers of E. coli in the feces of weaned piglets. This study demonstrates that L. johnsonii x-1d-2 and L. mucosae x-4w-1 have high potential to be used as feed additives in the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lun Chiang
- Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Kainan University, Taoyuan 33857, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chia Chen
- Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taipei 10014, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Nan Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tungnan University, Taipei 22202, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan 71246, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Lin
- Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Kainan University, Taoyuan 33857, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Chen
- Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Kainan University, Taoyuan 33857, Taiwan
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Construction of a shuttle vector based on the small cryptic plasmid pJY33 from Weissella cibaria 33. Plasmid 2015; 79:30-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hou C, Zeng X, Yang F, Liu H, Qiao S. Study and use of the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri in pigs: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2015; 6:14. [PMID: 25954504 PMCID: PMC4423586 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-015-0014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are living microorganisms that provide a wide variety of health benefits to the host when ingested in adequate amounts. The bacterial strains most frequently used as probiotic agents are lactic acid bacteria, such as Lactobacillus reuteri, which is one of the few endogenous Lactobacillus species found in the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates, including humans, rats, pigs and chickens. L. reuteri is one of the most well documented probiotic species and has been widely utilized as a probiotic in humans and animals for many years. Initially, L. reuteri was used in humans to reduce the incidence and the severity of diarrhea, prevent colic and necrotic enterocolitis, and maintain a functional mucosal barrier. As interest in alternatives to in-feed antibiotics has grown in recent years, some evidence has emerged that probiotics may promote growth, improve the efficiency of feed utilization, prevent diarrhea, and regulate the immune system in pigs. In this review, the characteristics of L. reuteri are described, in order to update the evidence on the efficacy of using L. reuteri in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Fengjuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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Ezema C, Eze D. Growth Performance and Cost Benefit of Weaner Rabbits Fed Diet Supplemented with Probiotic in the Tropics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2015.47.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jung MY, Cho JH, Shin Y, Paek J, Park IS, Kim JS, Kim W, Ma JY, Park SJ, Chang YH. Peptoniphilus rhinitidis sp. nov., isolated from specimens of chronic rhinosinusitis. Anaerobe 2014; 30:30-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Altmeyer S, Kröger S, Vahjen W, Zentek J, Scharek-Tedin L. Impact of a probiotic Bacillus cereus strain on the jejunal epithelial barrier and on the NKG2D expressing immune cells during the weaning phase of piglets. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 161:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Amin HM, Hashem AM, Ashour MS, Hatti-Kaul R. 1,2 Propanediol utilization by Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016, role in bioconversion of glycerol to 1,3 propanediol, 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde and 3-hydroxypropionic acid. JOURNAL OF GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lee JS, Awji EG, Lee SJ, Tassew DD, Park YB, Park KS, Kim MK, Kim B, Park SC. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP243 on the growth performance and cytokine response of weaning pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:3709-17. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Lee
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - E. G. Awji
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - S. J. Lee
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - D. D. Tassew
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Y. B. Park
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - K. S. Park
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - M. K. Kim
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - B. Kim
- CJ CheilJedang Corporation, Seoul, 636, Republic of Korea
| | - S. C. Park
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
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Wang J, Ji HF, Wang SX, Zhang DY, Liu H, Shan DC, Wang YM. Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001: In vitro Assessment of Antioxidant Capacity and Effect on Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status in Weaning Piglets. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2012; 25:1153-8. [PMID: 25049675 PMCID: PMC4093004 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 and its effects on growth performance and antioxidant status in weaning piglets. The survival in hydrogen peroxide and free radical-scavenging activity of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 were analysed in vitro. The Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 showed high viability in 1.0 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide and high scavenging ability against hydroxyl, superoxide anion, and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals which was dose dependent. Ninety-six weaning piglets were selected (7.45±0.79 kg) and divided into three groups comprising of negative control without any supplementation, treatment group with supplemented 6.8×10(7) Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 CFU/g of diet, and positive control with antibiotic treatment (chlorotetracycline, 80 mg/kg diet). The results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 supplementation enhanced feed conversion rates in piglets compared with control (p<0.05). Supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 increased the concentration of superoxide dismutase (p<0.05), glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01) and catalase in serum (p<0.10), while decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde (p<0.05). The present study implies that the strain Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 had high antioxidant ability and its supplementation improved the growth performance and antioxidant status of weaning piglets, so it can be considered useful to alleviate oxidative stress and increase productive performance of pigs. (Key Words: Probiotic, Antioxidant Capacity, Weaning Piglet).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H. F. Ji
- Corresponding Author: H. F. Ji. Tel: +86-10-51-503-865, Fax: +86-10-88-433-070, E-mail:
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Million M, Maraninchi M, Henry M, Armougom F, Richet H, Carrieri P, Valero R, Raccah D, Vialettes B, Raoult D. Obesity-associated gut microbiota is enriched in Lactobacillus reuteri and depleted in Bifidobacterium animalis and Methanobrevibacter smithii. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 36:817-25. [PMID: 21829158 PMCID: PMC3374072 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with increased health risk and has been associated with alterations in bacterial gut microbiota, with mainly a reduction in Bacteroidetes, but few data exist at the genus and species level. It has been reported that the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genus representatives may have a critical role in weight regulation as an anti-obesity effect in experimental models and humans, or as a growth-promoter effect in agriculture depending on the strains. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS To confirm reported gut alterations and test whether Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium species found in the human gut are associated with obesity or lean status, we analyzed the stools of 68 obese and 47 controls targeting Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Lactococcus lactis, Bifidobacterium animalis and seven species of Lactobacillus by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and culture on a Lactobacillus-selective medium. FINDINGS In qPCR, B. animalis (odds ratio (OR)=0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39-1.01; P=0.056) and M. smithii (OR=0.76; 95% CI 0.59-0.97; P=0.03) were associated with normal weight whereas Lactobacillus reuteri (OR=1.79; 95% CI 1.03-3.10; P=0.04) was associated with obesity. CONCLUSION The gut microbiota associated with human obesity is depleted in M. smithii. Some Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus species were associated with normal weight (B. animalis) while others (L. reuteri) were associated with obesity. Therefore, gut microbiota composition at the species level is related to body weight and obesity, which might be of relevance for further studies and the management of obesity. These results must be considered cautiously because it is the first study to date that links specific species of Lactobacillus with obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Million
- URMITE -CNRS UMR 6236 IRD 198, IFR 48, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - M Maraninchi
- Service de Nutrition, Maladies Métaboliques et Endocrinologie, UMR-INRA U1260, CHU de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - M Henry
- URMITE -CNRS UMR 6236 IRD 198, IFR 48, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - F Armougom
- URMITE -CNRS UMR 6236 IRD 198, IFR 48, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - H Richet
- URMITE -CNRS UMR 6236 IRD 198, IFR 48, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - P Carrieri
- INSERM, U912(SE4S), Marseille, France
- Université Aix Marseille, IRD, UMR-S912, Marseille, France
- ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - R Valero
- Service de Nutrition, Maladies Métaboliques et Endocrinologie, UMR-INRA U1260, CHU de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - D Raccah
- Service de Nutrition et Diabétologie, CHU Sainte Marguerite, Marseille, France
| | - B Vialettes
- Service de Nutrition, Maladies Métaboliques et Endocrinologie, UMR-INRA U1260, CHU de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - D Raoult
- URMITE -CNRS UMR 6236 IRD 198, IFR 48, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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Comparative evaluation of three Lactobacilli with strain-specific activities for rats when supplied in drinking water. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 102:561-8. [PMID: 22622624 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To test the in vivo benefits of three lactobacilli and to compare their different efficacies based on strain-specific activities by using rats as an experimental model, a growth-promotion and a challenge trial were conducted. The three strains, Lactobacillus salivarius G1-1, Lactobacillus reuteri G22-2, and Lactobacillus reuteri G8-5 shared antimicrobial, bile-salt-hydrolase and amylolytic activities in vitro, respectively. In the 17 day growth-promotion trial, 48 rats were allotted to four treatments with 12 replicates per treatment: a control group, which received saline, as well as three experimental groups, which received 10(8) cells/ml of one of the three lactobacilli in saline suspension. The results showed that compared with the control group, L. reuteri G8-5 significantly improved feed efficiency and decreased fecal pH values on days 8 and 17, concomitant with reduced faecal coliform counts on d 17 (p < 0.05). All treatments with lactobacilli caused an increase in the moisture content of the faeces and a decrease in the serum total cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen levels. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was only elevated for rats which received L. reuteri G22-2. In the Salmonella-challenge trial, 40 rats were allotted to five treatments (8 replicates per treatment) which consisted of a positive control (infected, no Lactobacillus pretreatment), a negative control (uninfected, no Lactobacillus pretreatment) and three Lactobacillus-pretreated groups (10(9) cells/ml in saline). The results showed that rats in all Lactobacillus pretreated groups were protected from infection with significantly higher weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency compared with positive control rats (p < 0.05). Rats treated with L. salivarius G1-1 and L. reuteri G22-2 tended to exhibit higher weight gains than those pretreated with L. reuteri G8-5. Significantly lower Salmonella shedding in faeces, Salmonella numbers in the spleen and the relative weight of the spleen were observed in the Lactobacillus groups (p < 0.05). Based on the overall results, it can be concluded that not all strains within the same lactobacilli species show similar effects and that some of the beneficial functionalities to animals were strain-specific. Therefore strains for practical application need to be carefully selected based on their strain-specific characters.
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Riboulet-Bisson E, Sturme MHJ, Jeffery IB, O'Donnell MM, Neville BA, Forde BM, Claesson MJ, Harris H, Gardiner GE, Casey PG, Lawlor PG, O'Toole PW, Ross RP. Effect of Lactobacillus salivarius bacteriocin Abp118 on the mouse and pig intestinal microbiota. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31113. [PMID: 22363561 PMCID: PMC3281923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are Gram-positive bacteria that are a subdominant element in the human gastrointestinal microbiota, and which are commonly used in the food industry. Some lactobacilli are considered probiotic, and have been associated with health benefits. However, there is very little culture-independent information on how consumed probiotic microorganisms might affect the entire intestinal microbiota. We therefore studied the impact of the administration of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118, a microorganism well characterized for its probiotic properties, on the composition of the intestinal microbiota in two model animals. UCC118 has anti-infective activity due to production of the bacteriocin Abp118, a broad-spectrum class IIb bacteriocin, which we hypothesized could impact the microbiota. Mice and pigs were administered wild-type (WT) L. salivarius UCC118 cells, or a mutant lacking bacteriocin production. The microbiota composition was determined by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from faeces. The data show that L. salivarius UCC118 administration had no significant effect on proportions of major phyla comprising the mouse microbiota, whether the strain was producing bacteriocin or not. However, L. salivarius UCC118 WT administration led to a significant decrease in Spirochaetes levels, the third major phylum in the untreated pig microbiota. In both pigs and mice, L. salivarius UCC118 administration had an effect on Firmicutes genus members. This effect was not observed when the mutant strain was administered, and was thus associated with bacteriocin production. Surprisingly, in both models, L. salivarius UCC118 administration and production of Abp118 had an effect on Gram-negative microorganisms, even though Abp118 is normally not active in vitro against this group of microorganisms. Thus L. salivarius UCC118 administration has a significant but subtle impact on mouse and pig microbiota, by a mechanism that seems at least partially bacteriocin-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark H. J. Sturme
- School of Health Sciences, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ian B. Jeffery
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michelle M. O'Donnell
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - B. Anne Neville
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brian M. Forde
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Hugh Harris
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gillian E. Gardiner
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Patrick G. Casey
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Peadar G. Lawlor
- Pig Development Department, Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Paul W. O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | - R. Paul Ross
- Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Fermoy, Ireland
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Lee KW, Park JY, Jeong HR, Heo HJ, Han NS, Kim JH. Probiotic properties of Weissella strains isolated from human faeces. Anaerobe 2012; 18:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Osundahunsi OF, Williams AO, Oluwalana IB. Prebiotic effects of cassava fibre as an ingredient in cracker-like products. Food Funct 2012; 3:159-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10183h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cho JH, Jung MY, Kim JK, Chang YH. Detection of bacteria in normal adult nasal cavity based on polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2011; 25:e18-22. [PMID: 21711966 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the bacterial diversity in a normal adult nasal cavity using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene fragments and compared the results with those of a culture-based method. METHODS We swabbed the inferior turbinate from 19 normal volunteers. The transport media was divided by two, one for bacterial culture and another direct extraction for bacterial DNA. PCR-DGGE was performed from the bacterial DNA and all of the sequences were compared with the reference organism by using the BLAST program (a genome database of GenBank in the National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, MD). RESULTS All 224 colonies were obtained from 19 samples by using a culture-based method; however, only 9 kinds of bacteria were detected. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently detected bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus was the second most. The detection rates of other bacteria were very low. On the other hand, the PCR-DGGE from direct DNA extraction revealed 34 different bands that corresponded to 23 different kinds of bacteria. There were nine genera, viz., Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Corynebacterium, Actinobacterium, Hafnia, Moraxella, Dolosigranulum, and Clostridium. Among them, unspecific Staphylococcus species and Enterobacter aerogenes were detected most frequently. CONCLUSION Compared with the previous culture-based method, PCR-DGGE can detect much more diversity of bacteria in the nasal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Removal of chromium using Rhizobium leguminosarum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:627-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Gao X, Ma Q, Zhao L, Lei Y, Shan Y, Ji C. Isolation of Bacillus subtilis: screening for aflatoxins B1, M1, and G1 detoxification. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Seo WT, Nam SH, Lee CK, Cho KM. Identification of Potential Bacillus subtilis Probiotics from Korean Soybean Paste and Their Antimicrobial and Immune Activities. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2011.16.1.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Screening lactic acid bacteria from swine origins for multistrain probiotics based on in vitro functional properties. Anaerobe 2010; 16:321-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Probiotic properties of Lactobacillus isolates originating from porcine intestine and feces. Anaerobe 2010; 16:293-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ross GR, Gusils C, Oliszewski R, Colombo de Holgado S, González SN. Effects of probiotic administration in swine. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 109:545-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Angelakis E, Raoult D. The increase of Lactobacillus species in the gut flora of newborn broiler chicks and ducks is associated with weight gain. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10463. [PMID: 20454557 PMCID: PMC2864268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A bacterial role in the obesity pandemic has been suspected based on the ingestion of probiotics that can modify the gut flora. The objective of our study was to determine if increased Lactobacillus sp. in the gut flora of newborn broiler chicks and ducks could result in weight gain increase. METHODOLOGY Female broiler chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) and ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica) were separated into one control and two experimental groups, and inoculated once or twice with 4x10(10)Lactobacillus spp. per animal in PBS, or with PBS alone. Fecal samples were collected before and at 24 hours, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 30 days after the inoculation. DNA was extracted from the stools, and qPCR assays were performed on a MX3000 system for the detection and quantification of Lactobacillus sp., Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, using a quantification plasmid. Animals were measured and sacrificed 60 days after the beginning of the experiment, and livers were collected and measured. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Chicks inoculated once and twice with Lactobacillus weighed 10.2% (p = 0.0162) and 13.5% (p = 0.0064) more than the control group animals, respectively. Similarly, ducks inoculated once and twice weighed 7.7% (p = 0.05) and 14% (p = 0.035) more than those in the control group, respectively. Liver mass was also significantly higher in inoculated animals compared to the control group. Inoculation with Lactobacillus sp. increased the DNA copies of Lactobacillus spp. and Firmicutes in the stools. Bacteroidetes remained stable, and only the second Lactobacillus sp. inoculation significantly decreased its population in chicks. The ratio of DNA copies of Firmicutes to those of Bacteroidetes increased to as much as 6,4 in chicks and 8,3 in ducks. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the intestinal microbiota may precede weight increase, as we found that an increase of Lactobacillus sp. in newborn ducks and chicks preceded the development of weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Angelakis
- Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020, IFR 48, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020, IFR 48, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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Bile tolerant Lactobacillus reuteri isolated from pig feces inhibits enteric bacterial pathogens and porcine rotavirus. Vet Res Commun 2010; 34:323-33. [PMID: 20396947 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-010-9357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid producing bacterial strain Probio-16 was isolated from the swine excrements under anaerobic conditions and characterized by morphology and biochemical characteristics. The strain was further identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogeneitc analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the strain was assayed by testing for growth inhibition of thirteen pathogenic microorganisms. The strain was tested for antiviral activity against porcine rotavirus in vitro in African green monkey epithelial cell line TF-104. Antibiotic susceptibility of the strain against 13 antibiotics was tested using disk diffusion method. Phenotypically and through 16S rRNA gene sequences, Probio-16 was identified and named as Lactobacillus reuteri Probio-16. This strain was resistant to pH 2.0, 5% porcine bile and exhibited antimicrobial activity against all the thirteen enteric bacterial pathogens tested. Probio-16 supernatant inhibited porcine rotavirus in vitro in TF-104 cell lines. Except for erythromycin and penicillin G at a concentration of 4 microg/ml, Probio-16 showed resistance to all other thirteen antibiotics tested. This study indicates L. reuteri Probio-16 as a novel strain with its tolerance to low pH and bile, antimicrobial activity, antibiotic resistance and antiviral activity against rotavirus, and an ideal probiotic candidate for animal and human application after the proper in vivo experiments.
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Jung MY, Kim JS, Chang YH. Bacillus acidiproducens sp. nov., vineyard soil isolates that produce lactic acid. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:2226-31. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.003913-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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