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Tiwari A, Monai M, Matveevskii K, Yakunin SN, Mandemaker LDB, Tsvetanova M, Goodwin MJ, Ackermann MD, Meirer F, Makhotkin IA. X-ray standing wave characterization of the strong metal-support interaction in Co/TiO x model catalysts. J Appl Crystallogr 2024; 57:481-491. [PMID: 38596732 PMCID: PMC11001393 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576724001730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) is a phenomenon observed in supported metal catalyst systems in which reducible metal oxide supports can form overlayers over the surface of active metal nanoparticles (NPs) under a hydrogen (H2) environment at elevated temperatures. SMSI has been shown to affect catalyst performance in many reactions by changing the type and number of active sites on the catalyst surface. Laboratory methods for the analysis of SMSI at the nanoparticle-ensemble level are lacking and mostly based on indirect evidence, such as gas chemisorption. Here, we demonstrate the possibility to detect and characterize SMSIs in Co/TiOx model catalysts using the laboratory X-ray standing wave (XSW) technique for a large ensemble of NPs at the bulk scale. We designed a thermally stable MoNx/SiNx periodic multilayer to retain XSW generation after reduction with H2 gas at 600°C. The model catalyst system was synthesized here by deposition of a thin TiOx layer on top of the periodic multilayer, followed by Co NP deposition via spare ablation. A partial encapsulation of Co NPs by TiOx was identified by analyzing the change in Ti atomic distribution. This novel methodological approach can be extended to observe surface restructuring of model catalysts in situ at high temperature (up to 1000°C) and pressure (≤3 mbar), and can also be relevant for fundamental studies in the thermal stability of membranes, as well as metallurgy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Tiwari
- Industrial Focus Group XUV Optics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Monai
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CS, The Netherlands
| | - Ksenia Matveevskii
- Industrial Focus Group XUV Optics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | | | - Laurens D. B. Mandemaker
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CS, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Tsvetanova
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS), Nanolab (NanoLab), University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, Overijssel 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa J. Goodwin
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS), Nanolab (NanoLab), University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, Overijssel 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Marcelo D. Ackermann
- Industrial Focus Group XUV Optics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CS, The Netherlands
| | - Igor A. Makhotkin
- Industrial Focus Group XUV Optics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel 7522 NB, The Netherlands
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Emel'yanov A, Korzhova S, Ivanova A, Semenova T, Chepenko D, Usmanov R, Pozdnyakov A. Water-Soluble Nanocomposites Containing Co 3O 4 Nanoparticles Incorporated in Poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2940. [PMID: 37447585 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
New water-soluble nanocomposites with cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4NPs) in a poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) (PVT) matrix have been synthesized. The PVT used as a stabilizing polymer matrix was obtained by radical polymerization of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole (VT). The polymer nanocomposites with Co3O4 nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, gel permeation chromatography, and simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis. The resulting polymer nanocomposites consist of spherical isolated cobalt nanoparticles with a diameter of 1 to 13 nm. The average hydrodynamic diameters of macromolecular coils are 15-112 nm. The cobalt content in nanocomposites ranges from 1.5 to 11.0 wt.%. The thermal stability of nanocomposites is up to 320 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Emel'yanov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana Korzhova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia Ivanova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana Semenova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Chepenko
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Ruslan Usmanov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Pozdnyakov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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Synthesis of Cobalt-Nickel Nanoparticles via a Liquid-Phase Reduction Process. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9401024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobalt-nickel nanoparticles (Co-Ni-NPs) show promising electrochemical performance in oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER) due to their physicochemical properties such as electronic configuration and great electrochemical stability. Therefore, developing new economically and environmentally friendly methods of synthesizing Co-Ni-NPs has become a practical requirement. Co-Ni-NPs were produced by employing the liquid-phase reduction method. Nickel and cobalt sulfate solutions in hydrazine monohydrate with various mixing ratios were used as raw materials. Nickel plays an important role in the nucleation process via increasing the reduction reaction rate throughout the formation of Co-Ni-NPs. Furthermore, the acceleration of the Co-Ni-NPs formation process may be attributed to the partial dissolution of Ni(OH)2 in the presence of N2H4 and/or citrate-anions and the formation of the Ni-N2H4 or Ni-Cit complexes in contrast to Co(OH)2.
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Khusnuriyalova AF, Caporali M, Hey‐Hawkins E, Sinyashin OG, Yakhvarov DG. Preparation of Cobalt Nanoparticles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliya F. Khusnuriyalova
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University Kremlyovskaya 18 420008 Kazan Russian Federation
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center Russian Academy of Sciences Arbuzov Street 8 420088 Kazan Russian Federation
| | - Maria Caporali
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM) Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Evamarie Hey‐Hawkins
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Leipzig University Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Oleg G. Sinyashin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center Russian Academy of Sciences Arbuzov Street 8 420088 Kazan Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry G. Yakhvarov
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University Kremlyovskaya 18 420008 Kazan Russian Federation
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center Russian Academy of Sciences Arbuzov Street 8 420088 Kazan Russian Federation
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Mantella V, Castilla-Amorós L, Buonsanti R. Shaping non-noble metal nanocrystals via colloidal chemistry. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11394-11403. [PMID: 34094381 PMCID: PMC8162465 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03663c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-noble metal nanocrystals with well-defined shapes have been attracting increasingly more attention in the last decade as potential alternatives to noble metals, by virtue of their earth abundance combined with intriguing physical and chemical properties relevant for both fundamental studies and technological applications. Nevertheless, their synthesis is still primitive when compared to noble metals. In this contribution, we focus on third row transition metals Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu that are recently gaining interest because of their catalytic properties. Along with providing an overview on the state-of-the-art, we discuss current synthetic strategies and challenges. Finally, we propose future directions to advance the synthetic development of shape-controlled non-noble metal nanocrystals in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mantella
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Department of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne CH-1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Laia Castilla-Amorós
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Department of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne CH-1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Buonsanti
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Department of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne CH-1950 Sion Switzerland
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Disk-Shaped Cobalt Nanocrystals as Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts Under Industrially Relevant Conditions. Top Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractColloidal synthesis of metal nanocrystals (NC) offers control over size, crystal structure and shape of nanoparticles, making it a promising method to synthesize model catalysts to investigate structure-performance relationships. Here, we investigated the synthesis of disk-shaped Co-NC, their deposition on a support and performance in the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis under industrially relevant conditions. From the NC synthesis, either spheres only or a mixture of disk-shaped and spherical Co-NC was obtained. The disks had an average diameter of 15 nm, a thickness of 4 nm and consisted of hcp Co exposing (0001) on the base planes. The spheres were 11 nm on average and consisted of ε-Co. After mild oxidation, the CoO-NC were deposited on SiO2 with numerically 66% of the NC being disk-shaped. After reduction, the catalyst with spherical plus disk-shaped Co-NC had 50% lower intrinsic activity for FT synthesis (20 bar, 220 °C, H2/CO = 2 v/v) than the catalyst with spherical NC only, while C5+-selectivity was similar. Surprisingly, the Co-NC morphology was unchanged after catalysis. Using XPS it was established that nitrogen-containing ligands were largely removed and in situ XRD revealed that both catalysts consisted of 65% hcp Co and 21 or 32% fcc Co during FT. Furthermore, 3–5 nm polycrystalline domains were observed. Through exclusion of several phenomena, we tentatively conclude that the high fraction of (0001) facets in disk-shaped Co-NC decrease FT activity and, although very challenging to pursue, that metal nanoparticle shape effects can be studied at industrially relevant conditions.
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Cheng H, Yang N, Lu Q, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Syntheses and Properties of Metal Nanomaterials with Novel Crystal Phases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707189. [PMID: 29658155 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, researchers have devoted tremendous effort into the rational design and controlled synthesis of metal nanomaterials with well-defined size, morphology, composition, and structure, and great achievements have been reached. However, the crystal-phase engineering of metal nanomaterials still remains a big challenge. Recent research has revealed that the crystal phase of metal nanomaterials can significantly alter their properties, arising from the distinct atomic arrangement and modified electronic structure. Until now, it has been relatively uncommon to synthesize metal nanomaterials with novel crystal phases in spite of the fact that these nanostructures would be promising for various applications. Here, the research progress regarding the fine control of noble metal (Au, Ag, Ru, Rh, Pd) and non-noble metal (Fe, Co, Ni) nanomaterials with novel crystal phases is reviewed. First, synthesis strategies and their phase transformations are summarized, while highlighting the peculiar characteristics of each element. The phase-dependent properties are then discussed by providing representative examples. Finally, the challenges and perspectives in this emerging field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Cheng
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nailiang Yang
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qipeng Lu
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hua Zhang
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Mosayebi J, Kiyasatfar M, Laurent S. Synthesis, Functionalization, and Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28990364 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to translate nanotechnology into medical practice, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been presented as a class of non-invasive nanomaterials for numerous biomedical applications. In particular, MNPs have opened a door for simultaneous diagnosis and brisk treatment of diseases in the form of theranostic agents. This review highlights the recent advances in preparation and utilization of MNPs from the synthesis and functionalization steps to the final design consideration in evading the body immune system for therapeutic and diagnostic applications with addressing the most recent examples of the literature in each section. This study provides a conceptual framework of a wide range of synthetic routes classified mainly as wet chemistry, state-of-the-art microfluidic reactors, and biogenic routes, along with the most popular coating materials to stabilize resultant MNPs. Additionally, key aspects of prolonging the half-life of MNPs via overcoming the sequential biological barriers are covered through unraveling the biophysical interactions at the bio-nano interface and giving a set of criteria to efficiently modulate MNPs' physicochemical properties. Furthermore, concepts of passive and active targeting for successful cell internalization, by respectively exploiting the unique properties of cancers and novel targeting ligands are described in detail. Finally, this study extensively covers the recent developments in magnetic drug targeting and hyperthermia as therapeutic applications of MNPs. In addition, multi-modal imaging via fusion of magnetic resonance imaging, and also innovative magnetic particle imaging with other imaging techniques for early diagnosis of diseases are extensively provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Mosayebi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Urmia University; Urmia 5756151818 Iran
| | - Mehdi Kiyasatfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Urmia University; Urmia 5756151818 Iran
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Laboratory of NMR and Molecular Imaging; University of Mons; Mons Belgium
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Deshmukh R, Mehra A, Thaokar R. Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:494-505. [PMID: 28326240 PMCID: PMC5331312 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation and self-assembly are influenced by molecular interactions. With precise control of molecular interactions, in this study, a wide range of nanostructures ranging from zero-dimensional nanospheres to hierarchical nanoplates and spindles have been successfully synthesized at ambient temperature in aqueous solution. The nanostructures reported here are formed by aggregation of spherical seed particles (monomers) in presence of quaternary ammonium salts. Hydroxide ions and a magnetic moment of the monomers are essential to induce shape anisotropy in the nanostructures. The cobalt nanoplates are studied in detail, and a growth mechanism based on collision, aggregation, and crystal consolidation is proposed based on a electron microscopy studies. The growth mechanism is generalized for rods, spindles, and nearly spherical nanostructures, obtained by varying the cation group in the quaternary ammonium hydroxides. Electron diffraction shows different predominant lattice planes on the edge and on the surface of a nanoplate. The study explains, hereto unaddressed, the temporal evolution of complex magnetic nanostructures. These ferromagnetic nanostructures represent an interesting combination of shape anisotropy and magnetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Deshmukh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anurag Mehra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rochish Thaokar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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11
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Bao Y, Wen T, Samia ACS, Khandhar A, Krishnan KM. Magnetic Nanoparticles: Material Engineering and Emerging Applications in Lithography and Biomedicine. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2016; 51:513-553. [PMID: 26586919 PMCID: PMC4646229 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-015-9324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present an interdisciplinary overview of material engineering and emerging applications of iron oxide nanoparticles. We discuss material engineering of nanoparticles in the broadest sense, emphasizing size and shape control, large-area self-assembly, composite/hybrid structures, and surface engineering. This is followed by a discussion of several non-traditional, emerging applications of iron oxide nanoparticles, including nanoparticle lithography, magnetic particle imaging, magnetic guided drug delivery, and positive contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. We conclude with a succinct discussion of the pharmacokinetics pathways of iron oxide nanoparticles in the human body -- an important and required practical consideration for any in vivo biomedical application, followed by a brief outlook of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Bao
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487
| | - Tianlong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | | | | | - Kannan M. Krishnan
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195
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12
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Facile synthesis of novel cobalt particles by reduction method and their microwave absorption properties. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Phelane L, Muya FN, Richards HL, Baker PG, Iwuoha EI. Polysulfone Nanocomposite Membranes with improved hydrophilicity. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt Nanoparticles Using Hydrazine and Citric Acid. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/525193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobalt nanoparticles were produced by employing the liquid-phase reduction method and hydrazine. The effect of citric acid additives on the formation and growth mechanism of cobalt nanoparticles was investigated using polarization methods. The cobalt nanoparticles produced in 0.2 M cobalt sulfate and 5 M hydrazine at 298 K had a spherical shape with a diameter of 400 nm. The dendritic nanoparticles formed with the decreasing of hydrazine concentration at 298 K. On the other hand, dendritic large particles are confirmed at 353 K. It was confirmed that the reduction reaction progressed with the addition of citric acid, and a hexagonal close-packed (εCo) phase was formed.
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Fu C, Ravindra NM. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis and applications. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2012. [DOI: 10.1680/bbn.12.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Colombo M, Carregal-Romero S, Casula MF, Gutiérrez L, Morales MP, Böhm IB, Heverhagen JT, Prosperi D, Parak WJ. Biological applications of magnetic nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:4306-34. [PMID: 22481569 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15337h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 700] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review an overview about biological applications of magnetic colloidal nanoparticles will be given, which comprises their synthesis, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo applications. The potential future role of magnetic nanoparticles compared to other functional nanoparticles will be discussed by highlighting the possibility of integration with other nanostructures and with existing biotechnology as well as by pointing out the specific properties of magnetic colloids. Current limitations in the fabrication process and issues related with the outcome of the particles in the body will be also pointed out in order to address the remaining challenges for an extended application of magnetic nanoparticles in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Dreyer A, Peter M, Mattay J, Eckstädt K, Hütten A, Jutzi P. Ionic Additives and Weak Magnetic Fields in the Thermal Decomposition of Octacarbonyldicobalt - Tools To Control the Morphology of Cobalt Nanoparticles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Suresh G, Saravanan P, Babu DR. One-pot synthesis of Fe-Co nanospheres by modified polyol process and their structural, magnetic studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/292/1/012015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Singamaneni S, Bliznyuk VN, Binek C, Tsymbal EY. Magnetic nanoparticles: recent advances in synthesis, self-assembly and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11845e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chandra S, Mitra S, Laha D, Bag S, Das P, Goswami A, Pramanik P. Fabrication of multi-structure nanocarbons from carbon xerogel: a unique scaffold towards bio-imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8587-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11848j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Krishnan KM. Biomedical Nanomagnetics: A Spin Through Possibilities in Imaging, Diagnostics, and Therapy. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS 2010; 46:2523-2558. [PMID: 20930943 PMCID: PMC2949969 DOI: 10.1109/tmag.2010.2046907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical nanomagnetics is a multidisciplinary area of research in science, engineering and medicine with broad applications in imaging, diagnostics and therapy. Recent developments offer exciting possibilities in personalized medicine provided a truly integrated approach, combining chemistry, materials science, physics, engineering, biology and medicine, is implemented. Emphasizing this perspective, here we address important issues for the rapid development of the field, i.e., magnetic behavior at the nanoscale with emphasis on the relaxation dynamics, synthesis and surface functionalization of nanoparticles and core-shell structures, biocompatibility and toxicity studies, biological constraints and opportunities, and in vivo and in vitro applications. Specifically, we discuss targeted drug delivery and triggered release, novel contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, cancer therapy using magnetic fluid hyperthermia, in vitro diagnostics and the emerging magnetic particle imaging technique, that is quantitative and sensitive enough to compete with established imaging methods. In addition, the physics of self-assembly, which is fundamental to both biology and the future development of nanoscience, is illustrated with magnetic nanoparticles. It is shown that various competing energies associated with self-assembly converge on the nanometer length scale and different assemblies can be tailored by varying particle size and size distribution. Throughout this paper, while we discuss our recent research in the broad context of the multidisciplinary literature, we hope to bridge the gap between related work in physics/chemistry/engineering and biology/medicine and, at the same time, present the essential concepts in the individual disciplines. This approach is essential as biomedical nanomagnetics moves into the next phase of innovative translational research with emphasis on development of quantitative in vivo imaging, targeted and triggered drug release, and image guided therapy including validation of delivery and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan M Krishnan
- Department of Materials Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2120 USA
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22
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Martinez-Castro N, Zhou Z, Liu G. Preparation and properties of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated cobalt nanocrystals. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kim JU, Ji MJ, Cha BK, Kim CH, Jang WC, Kim JG. The Study on Thermal Analysis and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Spinel Compounds(ZnCo2O4, NiCo2O4). JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2010.54.02.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bao Y, An W, Turner CH, Krishnan KM. The critical role of surfactants in the growth of cobalt nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:478-83. [PMID: 19743830 DOI: 10.1021/la902120e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental and computational study on the critical role of surfactants in the nucleation and growth of Co nanoparticles synthesized by chemical routes. By varying the surfactant species, Co nanoparticles of different morphologies under similar reaction conditions (e.g., temperature and Co-precursor concentration) were produced. Depending on the surfactant species, the growth of Co nanoparticles followed three different growth pathways. For example, with surfactants oleic acid (OA) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) used in combination, Co nanoparticles followed a diffusional growth pathway, leading to single crystalline nanoparticles. Multiple-grained nanoparticles, through an aggregation process, were formed with the combination of surfactants OA and dioctylamine (DOA). Further, an Ostwald ripening process was observed in the case of TOPO alone. Complementary electronic structure calculations were used to predict the optimized Co-surfactant complex structures and to quantify the binding energy between the surfactants (ligands) and the Co atoms. These calculations were further applied to predict the Co nanoparticle nucleation and growth processes based on the stability of Co-surfactant complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Bao
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.
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25
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Samson J, Varotto A, Nahirney PC, Toschi A, Piscopo I, Drain CM. Fabrication of metal nanoparticles using toroidal plasmid DNA as a sacrificial mold. ACS NANO 2009; 3:339-44. [PMID: 19236069 PMCID: PMC6201687 DOI: 10.1021/nn800758n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A new method for synthesizing gold, nickel, and cobalt metal nanoparticles at room temperature from metal salts employing plasmid DNA in a toroidal topology as a sacrificial mold is presented. The diameter of the toroidal DNA drives the formation and size of the nanoparticle, and UV light initiates the oxidation of the DNA and concomitant reduction of the DNA bound metal ions. The nanoparticles were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron diffraction (ED).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Samson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Alessandro Varotto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | | | - Alfredo Toschi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065
| | - Irene Piscopo
- EM consultant, EM CONSULTING, Huntington, New York 11743
| | - Charles Michael Drain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065
- Address correspondence to
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26
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Yamada M. Synthesis of Organic Shell–Inorganic Core Hybrid Nanoparticles by Wet Process and Investigation of Their Advanced Functions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Zhou Z, Liu G, Han D. Coating and structural locking of dipolar chains of cobalt nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2009; 3:165-72. [PMID: 19206263 DOI: 10.1021/nn8005366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Above a critical size, Co nanoparticles aggregate because of magnetic dipole-dipole interaction into chains. Reported in this paper is the coating of such chains by an AB diblock copolymer in a block-selective solvent for the A block. Also reported is the cross-linking of the deposited or anchored B block of the diblock copolymer to lock in the coating and thus the dipolar chain structure. The Co nanoparticles used were prepared from the high-temperature decomposition of Co(2)(CO)(8) using poly(2-cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(acrylic acid) or PCEMA-b-PAA as surfactant. To coat the dipolar chains, the particles and diblock copolymer poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-block-poly(2-cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate), PtBA-b-PCEMA, were dispersed in a good solvent for PCEMA and PtBA. Methanol, a precipitant for PCEMA and a good solvent for PtBA, was then added. This induced the collapsing of the PCEMA blocks and the deposition of the PCEMA block of PtBA-b-PCEMA onto the surface of PCEMA-b-PAA-coated Co nanoparticle chains. The dipolar chains remained colloidally stable in solution for steric stabilization provided by PtBA. The coating was cured by photocrosslinking the PCEMA layer. Such "permanent" and solvent-dispersible Co dipolar chains are novel and may have interesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario
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28
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Braidy N, Behal S, Adronov A, Botton G. Investigation of the oxide shell forming on ɛ-Co nanocrystals. Micron 2008; 39:717-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2007.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Laurent S, Forge D, Port M, Roch A, Robic C, Vander Elst L, Muller RN. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, stabilization, vectorization, physicochemical characterizations, and biological applications. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2064-110. [PMID: 18543879 DOI: 10.1021/cr068445e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3462] [Impact Index Per Article: 216.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic, and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons-Hainaut, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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30
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Sun Y, Wiederrecht GP. Surfactantless synthesis of silver nanoplates and their application in SERS. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2007; 3:1964-1975. [PMID: 17935082 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200700484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoplates with thicknesses of 50-70 nm and edge lengths ranging from 200 nm to 1 mum have been grown on semiconductor wafers at room temperature through a simple galvanic reaction between an aqueous solution of AgNO(3) and n-type GaAs. The as-grown Ag structures have chemically clean surfaces due to no surfactant or coordinating molecules being involved in the synthesis. Electron microscopy characterizations indicate that each Ag plate has rough surfaces and a half-moon morphology with one straight edge and one arclike edge. Systematic studies on varying reaction conditions reveal that the oxide (i.e., Ga(2)O(3) and As(2)O(3)) layers of GaAs, generated in situ in the reactions, play an important role in assisting the growth of anisotropic nanoplates. The cleanliness of the surfaces of the Ag nanoplates is beneficial to attachment of interesting molecules on their surfaces for various applications, such as plasmonic-enhanced photophysical and photochemical processes and surface-enhanced spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Sun
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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31
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Shpaisman N, Margel S. Air-stable Fe and Co crystalline nanocomposite particles prepared by a single-step swelling of metal precursors within polystyrene microspheres of narrow size distribution. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b701730h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu D, Gugliotti LA, Wu T, Dolska M, Tkachenko AG, Shipton MK, Eaton BE, Feldheim DL. RNA-mediated synthesis of palladium nanoparticles on Au surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:5862-6. [PMID: 16768520 DOI: 10.1021/la060426c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
RNA catalysts for the shape-controlled synthesis of Pd particles from the precursor complex trisdibenzylideneacetone dipalladium ([Pd2(DBA)3] were recently discovered in our laboratory (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 17814-17818). In the work described here, RNA codes for hexagonal Pd platelets and Pd cubes were covalently immobilized on gold surfaces and evaluated for their activity toward particle synthesis. When coupled to gold via oligoethylene glycol linkers, both RNA sequences were able to catalyze the formation of Pd particles with the same shape control previously observed in solution. For low surface coverages, the average distance between RNA molecules on the surface was estimated at ca. 300 nm, yet large (e.g., dimensions of hundreds of nanometers) Pd hexagons and cubes still formed. This surprising result suggests that a single RNA molecule may be sufficient for nucleating and controlling the shapes of these particles. Finally, the use of surface-bound RNA as a tool for directing the orthogonal synthesis of materials on surfaces was demonstrated. Patterning the RNA code for Pd hexagons next to the code for Pd cubes, followed by incubation in a solution containing [Pd2(DBA)3], resulted in the spontaneous formation of spatially distinct spots of hexagonal and cubic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dage Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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34
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Lagunas A, Mairata I Payeras A, Jimeno C, Pericàs MA. TEMPO-mediated, room temperature synthesis of pure CoO nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:1307-9. [PMID: 16538256 DOI: 10.1039/b517812f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of dicobalt octacarbonyl with TEMPO in THF at room temperature, in the presence of oleic acid as the sole additive, leads to the formation of monodisperse nanoparticles (ca. 3.0 nm diameter) of CoO; the particles agglomerate in solution at room temperature into aggregates, and this property has been used for the controlled preparation of hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lagunas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona, Spain
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35
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Chaudhuri S, Chupas P, Morgan BJ, Madden PA, Grey CP. An atomistic MD simulation and pair-distribution-function study of disorder and reactivity of α-AlF3nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:5045-55. [PMID: 17091155 DOI: 10.1039/b604750e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cubic nanoparticles of alpha-AlF(3) containing 864 and 2048 atoms were investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations. Significant structural rearrangements of these particles occurred, primarily at the edges and corners of the particles, and 3 and 5 membered (Al-F-)(n) ring structures were observed in addition to the 4-membered rings seen in bulk alpha-AlF(3). These 3 and 5 membered ring structures are, however, present in other metastable forms of AlF(3), which are formed at low temperatures from high surface area precursors. The surfaces of the nanoparticles were very dynamic on the timescale of the MD run, Al-F bonds being continually broken and formed, resulting in the movement of the low coordinate Lewis acid Al sites on the surfaces of the particles. The Lewis acid sites, which represent the catalytically active sites for F/Cl exchange reactions, are largely present at the corners and edges of the particles. The particles show larger rhombohedral distortions than present in the bulk phase and do not undergo a rhombohedral to cubic phase transition at elevated temperatures. The results are compared with pair distribution function (PDF) analysis results from fluorinated gamma-Al(2)O(3), nanoparticles of AlF(3) prepared by plasma routes and alpha- and beta-AlF(3). Broad peaks between 3.3 and 4.5 A in the PDF plots of the fluorinated Al(2)O(3) and the nanoparticles indicate a distribution of Al-F distances arising from Al and F atoms in connected AlF(6) octahedra; this is consistent with the presence of ring structures other than those found in alpha-AlF(3).
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Abstract
RNA sequences previously isolated by in vitro selection were further characterized for their ability to control palladium particle growth. Five pyridyl-modified RNA sequences (Pdases) representing each of the different evolved families were found to form hexagonal plates with a high degree of shape specificity. However, a sixth nonrelated pyridyl-modified RNA sequence was found to form exclusively cubic particles under identical conditions. Replacing pyridyl-modified RNA with native RNA resulted in a complete loss of RNA function. Removing the 3'-fixed sequence region from the Pdase had little effect on particle growth; however, further truncations into the variable region resulted in a significant loss of activity and particle shape control. These Pdases were selected using the organometallic precursor complex tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium(0) ([Pd2(DBA)3]). Changing the metal center and ligand of the group VIII organometallic precursor complex revealed a strong dependence of particle growth and shape on the DBA ligands. Changing the metal center from Pd to Pt while retaining the DBA ligands gave predominantly hexagonal Pt, but with a decrease in shape control. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that the full-length Pdases contain active sites capable of highly specific molecular recognition of organometallic complexes as particle formation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina A Gugliotti
- W. M. Keck Center for RNA-Mediated Materials Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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Yosef M, Schaper AK, Fröba M, Schlecht S. Stabilization of the Thermodynamically Favored Polymorph of Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanoparticles CdX (X = S, Se, Te) in the Polar Mesopores of SBA-15 Silica. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:5890-6. [PMID: 16060644 DOI: 10.1021/ic050517h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A versatile synthetic approach to cadmium chalcogenide nanoparticles in the mesopores of SBA-15 silica as a host matrix was developed. The use of cadmium organochalcogenolates of the type Cd(XPh)(2).TMEDA (X = S, Se, Te) allowed the preparation of nanoparticles of all three cadmium chalcogenides following the same experimental protocol. Particles of CdS, CdSe, and CdTe with a particle size of 7 nm were prepared from this class of single-source precursors. The incorporation of the precursor molecules into the pores was achieved by melt infiltration at a temperature of 140 degrees C. Subsequent pyrolysis of the precursors in the mesopores yielded the semiconductor particles. Owing to the high polarity of the silanol-covered pore walls, which lower the surface energy of the particles to a large extent, the dimorphic cadmium chalcogenides are obtained in their thermodynamically favored modifications; e.g., CdS particles crystallize in the wurtzite type, CdTe particles are obtained in the zinc blende structure, and CdSe (where no unambiguous preference exists) crystallizes as a "mixture" of both structures with a rather random stacking sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maekele Yosef
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany
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38
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Burda C, Chen X, Narayanan R, El-Sayed MA. Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes. Chem Rev 2005; 105:1025-102. [PMID: 15826010 DOI: 10.1021/cr030063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3786] [Impact Index Per Article: 199.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Burda
- Center for Chemical Dynamics and Nanomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University-Millis 2258, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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39
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Aizawa M, Cooper AM, Malac M, Buriak JM. Silver nano-inukshuks on germanium. NANO LETTERS 2005; 5:815-9. [PMID: 15884877 DOI: 10.1021/nl048008k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The integration of metallic nanostructures with semiconductors is important for a variety of technological applications. Through an efficient galvanic displacement reaction on germanium, complex silver nanostructures form spontaneously in aqueous conditions at room temperature. The structures, termed nano-inukshuks, are based on stacks of hexagonal metallic structures that grow, initially, parallel to the surface normal of the germanium. TEM, SEM, XPS, XRD, and EDS indicate that the structures are crystalline silver and, based on open cell potential studies, that their nucleation takes place in the first 100 s, followed by growth of the silver structures, most likely through Volmer-Weber growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Aizawa
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2
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40
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Cao X, Gu L. Spindly cobalt ferrite nanocrystals: preparation, characterization and magnetic properties. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2005; 16:180-5. [PMID: 21727421 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/16/2/002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we describe the preparation of homogeneously needle-shaped cobalt ferrite (CoFe(2)O(4)) nanocrystals on a large scale through the smooth decomposition of urea and the resulting co-precipitation of Co(2+) and Fe(3+) in oleic acid micelles. Furthermore, we found that other ferrite nanocrystals with a needle-like shape, such as zinc ferrite (ZnFe(2)O(4)) and nickel ferrite (NiFe(2)O(4)), can be prepared by the same process. Needle-shaped CoFe(2)O(4) nanocrystals dispersed in an aqueous solution containing oleic acid exhibit excellent stability and the formed colloid does not produce any precipitations after two months, which is of prime importance if these materials are applied in magnetic fluids. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were used to characterize the phase and component of the co-precipitation products, and demonstrate that they are spinel ferrite with a cubic symmetry. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation showed that all the nanocrystals present a needle-like shape with a 22 nm short axis and an aspect ratio of around 6. Varying the concentration of oleic acid did not bring about any obvious influence on the size distribution and shapes of CoFe(2)O(4). The magnetic properties of the needle-shaped CoFe(2)O(4) nanocrystals were evaluated by using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and a Mössbauer spectrometer, and the results all demonstrated that CoFe(2)O(4) nanocrystals were superparamagnetic at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebo Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
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Pellegrino T, Kudera S, Liedl T, Muñoz Javier A, Manna L, Parak WJ. On the development of colloidal nanoparticles towards multifunctional structures and their possible use for biological applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2005; 1:48-63. [PMID: 17193348 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200400071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this Review, we describe the synthesis of high-quality colloidal nanoparticles in organic solvents, the mechanisms by which they can be transferred into aqueous solution, and some of their applications in biology. In particular, we will place emphasis on the creation of multifunctional nanoparticles or nanoparticle assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pellegrino
- Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Redl FX, Black CT, Papaefthymiou GC, Sandstrom RL, Yin M, Zeng H, Murray CB, O'Brien SP. Magnetic, Electronic, and Structural Characterization of Nonstoichiometric Iron Oxides at the Nanoscale. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:14583-99. [PMID: 15521779 DOI: 10.1021/ja046808r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of nonstoichiometric iron oxide nanocrystals prepared by decomposition of iron(II) and iron(0) precursors in the presence of organic solvents and capping groups. The highly uniform, crystalline, and monodisperse nanocrystals that were produced enabled a full structural and compositional survey by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The complex and metastable behavior of nonstoichiometric iron oxide (wüstite) at the nanoscale was studied by a combination of Mossbauer spectroscopy and magnetic characterization. Deposition from hydrocarbon solvents with subsequent self-assembly of iron oxide nanocrystals into superlattices allowed the preparation of continuous thin films suitable for electronic transport measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz X Redl
- T. J. Watson Research Center, Nanoscale Materials and Devices, IBM, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Route 134, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
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