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Li F, Chen X, He Y, Peng Z. Mucoadhesive Thiolated Hyaluronic Acid/Pluronic F127 Nanogel Formation via Thiol-Maleimide Click Reaction for Intravesical Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1976-1989. [PMID: 38447202 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The development of nanocarriers to prolong the residence time and enhance the permeability of chemotherapeutic drugs on bladder mucosa is important in the postsurgery treatment of superficial bladder cancers (BCs). Here, the mucoadhesive HA-SH/PF127 nanogels composed of a temperature-sensitive Pluronic F127 (PF127) core and thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) shell were prepared by the emulsification/solvent evaporation method. The nanogels were constructed through the thiol-maleimide click reaction in the HA-SH aqueous side of the oil-water interface and self-oxidized cross-linking thiols between HA-SH. The HA-SH/PF127 nanogels prepared at different thiol-to-maleimide group molar ratios, water-to-oil volume ratios, and cross-linking reaction times were characterized regarding hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) and zeta potential (ζ), and the optimal formulation was obtained. The excellent mucoadhesive properties of the HA-SH/PF127 nanogels were evaluated by using the mucin particle method. Doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated in the PF127 core of DOX@HA-SH/PF127 nanogels with a high loading efficiency (87.5%) and sustained release from the nanogels in artificial urine. Ex vivo studies on porcine bladder mucosa showed that the DOX@HA-SH/PF127 nanogels enhanced the penetration of the DOX into the bladder mucosa without disrupting the mucus structure or the bladder tissue. A significant dose-dependent cytotoxic effect of DOX@HA-SH/PF127 nanogels on both T24 and MB49 cells was observed. The present study demonstrates that the mucoadhesive HA-SH/PF127 nanogels are a promising intravesical drug delivery system for superficial BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayang Li
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xianhuang Chen
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yuanqiao He
- Center of Laboratory Animal Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhiping Peng
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Vaezi Moghaddam A, Mortazavi SA, Kobarfard F, Bafkary R, Darbasizadeh B. Synthesis and functionalization of mucoadhesive mesoporous silica particles containing diphenhydramine for treatment of aphthous ulcers. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 13:456-466. [PMID: 38022378 PMCID: PMC10676526 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.27548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Medications used to treat oral ulcers include corticosteroids, anesthetics, and antihistamines. These can be used as gels, mouthwashes, pastes, ointments, etc. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) has local anesthetic properties that can help treat the aphthae. One of the drawbacks of the delivery to the transmucosal is the quick turnaround time of the gel, a mucous form that is located on the epithelial film surface. Methods Therefore, it seems that the preparation of a carrier that has the characteristics of adhesive mucus can increase the duration of drug retention on the mucous surface. To solve this problem, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) were synthesized and functionalized with amino and thiol groups and suggested as a system of drug delivery. The properties and structure of MSNPs were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET). Results Our outcomes indicated that the average sizes of bare MSNPs (MSN), amino modified MSNPs (MSN-NH2), and thiol modified MSNPs (MSN-SH) were obtained to be 611, 655, and 655 nm respectively and the average pore size of MSN, MSN-NH2, and MSN-SH were about 2.42 nm, 2.42 nm, and 2.44 nm, respectively, according to the BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) pore size distribution. The release kinetics and release of DPH from mesoporous silica carriers were evaluated. Conclusion Eventually, the mucoadhesive study and DPH-loaded particles were investigated. Also, the MSN-SH exhibited a high mucoadhesive capacity for buccal mucosa compared with MSN-NH2 and MSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Vaezi Moghaddam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mortazavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bafkary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Darbasizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Saravanan A, Kumar PS, Yuvaraj D, Jeevanantham S, Aishwaria P, Gnanasri PB, Gopinath M, Rangasamy G. A review on extraction of polysaccharides from crustacean wastes and their environmental applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 221:115306. [PMID: 36682444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disposal of biodegradable waste of seashells leads to an environmental imbalance. A tremendous amount of wastes produced from flourishing shell fish industries while preparing crustaceans for human consumption can be directed towards proper utilization. The review of the present study focuses on these polysaccharides from crustaceans and a few important industrial applications. This review aimed to emphasize the current research on structural analyses and extraction of polysaccharides. The article summarises the properties of chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides and their derivatives that make them non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible. Different extraction methods of chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides have been discussed in detail. Additionally, this information outlines possible uses for derivatives of chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides in the environmental, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food industries. Additionally, it is essential to the textile, cosmetic, and enzyme-immobilization industries. This review focuses on new, insightful suggestions for raising the value of crustacean shell waste by repurposing a highly valuable material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - D Yuvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangaragan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - S Jeevanantham
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Aishwaria
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangaragan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - P B Gnanasri
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangaragan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - M Gopinath
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangaragan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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Spleis H, Sandmeier M, Claus V, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Surface design of nanocarriers: Key to more efficient oral drug delivery systems. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 313:102848. [PMID: 36780780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As nanocarriers (NCs) can improve the solubility of drugs, prevent their degradation by gastrointestinal (GI) enzymes and promote their transport across the mucus gel layer and absorption membrane, the oral bioavailability of these drugs can be substantially enhanced. All these properties of NCs including self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles and polymeric micelles depend mainly on their surface chemistry. In particular, interaction with food, digestive enzymes, bile salts and electrolytes, diffusion behaviour across the mucus gel layer and fate on the absorption membrane are determined by their surface. Bioinert surfaces limiting interactions with gastrointestinal fluid and content as well as with mucus, adhesive surfaces providing an intimate contact with the GI mucosa and absorption enhancing surfaces can be designed. Furthermore, charge converting surfaces shifting their zeta potential from negative to positive directly at the absorption membrane and surfaces providing a targeted drug release are advantageous. In addition to these passive surfaces, even active surfaces cleaving mucus glycoproteins on their way through the mucus gel layer can be created. Within this review, we provide an overview on these different surfaces and discuss their impact on the performance of NCs in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Spleis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; Thiomatrix Forschungs und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Matthias Sandmeier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; Thiomatrix Forschungs und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Victor Claus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; Thiomatrix Forschungs und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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Chen C, Fa Y, Kuo Y, Liu Y, Lin C, Wang X, Lu Y, Chiang Y, Yang C, Wu L, Ho JA. Thiolated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as an Immunoadjuvant to Enhance Efficacy of Intravesical Chemotherapy for Bladder Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204643. [PMID: 36638276 PMCID: PMC9982584 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of global prevalence and high recurrence of bladder cancer has led numerous efforts to develop new treatments. The spontaneous voiding and degradation of the chemodrug hamper the efficacy and effectiveness of intravesical chemotherapy following tumor resection. Herein, the externally thiolated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN-SH(E)) is fabricated to serve as a platform for improved bladder intravesical therapy. Enhanced mucoadhesive effect of the thiolated nanovector is confirmed with porcine bladder. The permeation-enhancing effect is also verified, and a fragmented distribution pattern of a tight junction protein, claudin-4, indicates the opening of tight junction. Moreover, MSN-SH(E)-associated reprogramming of M2 macrophages to M1-like phenotype is observed in vitro. The antitumor activity of the mitomycin C (MMC)-loaded nanovector (MMC@MSN-SH(E)) is more effective than that of MMC alone in both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, IHC staining is used to analyze IFN-γ, TGF-β1, and TNF-α. These observations substantiated the significance of MMC@MSN-SH(E) in promoting anticancer activity, holding the great potential for being used in intravesical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) due to its mucoadhesivity, enhanced permeation, immunomodulation, and prolonged and very efficient drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Che Chen
- BioAnalytical Chemistry and Nanobiomedicine LaboratoryDepartment of Biochemical Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University10617TaipeiTaiwan
- Department of UrologyTaichung Veterans General Hospital40705TaichungTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Chen Fa
- BioAnalytical Chemistry and Nanobiomedicine LaboratoryDepartment of Biochemical Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University10617TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yen‐Yu Kuo
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University300044HsinchuTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Chun Liu
- BioAnalytical Chemistry and Nanobiomedicine LaboratoryDepartment of Biochemical Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University10617TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Yu Lin
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University300044HsinchuTaiwan
| | - Xin‐Hui Wang
- Instrumentation CenterNational Taiwan University10617TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Huan Lu
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University300044HsinchuTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Han Chiang
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan University10617TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Min Yang
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University300044HsinchuTaiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of MattersNational Tsing Hua University300044HsinchuTaiwan
| | - Li‐Chen Wu
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chi Nan UniversityPuliNantou54561Taiwan
| | - Ja‐an Annie Ho
- BioAnalytical Chemistry and Nanobiomedicine LaboratoryDepartment of Biochemical Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University10617TaipeiTaiwan
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan University10617TaipeiTaiwan
- Center for Emerging Materials and Advance DevicesNational Taiwan University10617TaipeiTaiwan
- Center for BiotechnologyNational Taiwan University10617TaipeiTaiwan
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Wang Q, Zhang A, Zhu L, Yang X, Fang G, Tang B. Cyclodextrin-based ocular drug delivery systems: A comprehensive review. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Surendranath M, M R R, Parameswaran R. Recent advances in functionally modified polymers for mucoadhesive drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5913-5924. [PMID: 35880449 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00856d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel methods for the delivery of drugs other than the conventional method of oral administration have been a thrust area of research for a few decades. Mucoadhesive delivery of drugs opened up a new domain where rapid and patient-friendly delivery of drugs can be achieved. Delivery of drugs through the mucosal sites such as buccal, nasal, ocular, sublingual, rectal and vaginal facilitates bypassing the first-pass metabolism and the drug reaches the systemic circulation directly. This helps to increase the bioavailability of the drug. The study of the chemical characteristics of polymers with mucoadhesive properties and how the molecules or the pharmaceuticals are transported across the mucosa is very much needed for the advancement of research in this field. And at the same time, it is very pertinent to know about the anatomy and the physiology of the mucosal tissue and its variation in different regions of the body. In this review, we try to present a comprehensive understanding of relevant topics of mucoadhesion giving more emphasis on the mechanism of transport of drugs across mucosa, and different possible functional modifications of polymers to enhance the property of mucoadhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Surendranath
- Division of Polymeric Medical Devices, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Rekha M R
- Division of Biosurface Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ramesh Parameswaran
- Division of Polymeric Medical Devices, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Hock N, Racaniello GF, Aspinall S, Denora N, Khutoryanskiy VV, Bernkop‐Schnürch A. Thiolated Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: Mimicking the Workhorses of Our Body. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102451. [PMID: 34773391 PMCID: PMC8728822 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have generated a broad range of nanoparticles (NPs) for numerous biomedical applications. Among the various properties of NPs are functionalities being related to thiol substructures. Numerous biological processes that are mediated by cysteine or cystine subunits of proteins representing the workhorses of the bodies can be transferred to NPs. This review focuses on the interface between thiol chemistry and NPs. Pros and cons of different techniques for thiolation of NPs are discussed. Furthermore, the various functionalities gained by thiolation are highlighted. These include overall bio- and mucoadhesive, cellular uptake enhancing, and permeation enhancing properties. Drugs being either covalently attached to thiolated NPs via disulfide bonds or being entrapped in thiolated polymeric NPs that are stabilized via inter- and intrachain crosslinking can be released at the diseased tissue or in target cells under reducing conditions. Moreover, drugs, targeting ligands, biological analytes, and enzymes bearing thiol substructures can be immobilized on noble metal NPs and quantum dots for therapeutic, theranostic, diagnostic, biosensing, and analytical reasons. Within this review a concise summary and analysis of the current knowledge, future directions, and potential clinical use of thiolated NPs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Hock
- Thiomatrix Forschungs und Beratungs GmbHTrientlgasse 65Innsbruck6020Austria
| | | | - Sam Aspinall
- Reading School of PharmacyUniversity of ReadingWhiteknights PO Box 224, Room 122 (Chemistry and Pharmacy Building)ReadingRG66DXUK
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Bari “Aldo Moro”Bari70125Italy
| | - Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy
- Reading School of PharmacyUniversity of ReadingWhiteknights PO Box 224, Room 122 (Chemistry and Pharmacy Building)ReadingRG66DXUK
| | - Andreas Bernkop‐Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of PharmacyUniversity of InnsbruckInnrain 80/82Innsbruck6020Austria
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Enhanced topical corticosteroids delivery to the eye: A trade-off in strategy choice. J Control Release 2021; 339:91-113. [PMID: 34560157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Topical corticosteroids are the primary treatment of ocular inflammation caused by surgery, injury, or other conditions. Drug pre-corneal residence time, drug water solubility, and drug corneal permeability coefficient are the major factors that determine the ocular drug bioavailability after topical administration. Although growing research successfully enhanced local delivery of corticosteroids utilizing various strategies, rational and dynamic approaches to strategy selection are still lacking. Within this review, an overview of the various strategies as well as their performance in retention, solubility, and permeability coefficient of corticosteroids are provided. On this basis, the tradeoff of strategy selection is discussed, which may shed light on the rational choice and application of ophthalmic delivery enhancement strategies.
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Varga P, Ambrus R, Szabó-Révész P, Kókai D, Burián K, Bella Z, Fenyvesi F, Bartos C. Physico-Chemical, In Vitro and Ex Vivo Characterization of Meloxicam Potassium-Cyclodextrin Nanospheres. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111883. [PMID: 34834298 PMCID: PMC8617959 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal drug delivery has many beneficial properties, such as avoiding the first pass metabolism and rapid onset of action. However, the limited residence time on the mucosa and limited absorption of certain molecules make the use of various excipients necessary to achieve high bioavailability. The application of mucoadhesive polymers can increase the contact time with the nasal mucosa, and permeation enhancers can enhance the absorption of the drug. We aimed to produce nanoparticles containing meloxicam potassium (MEL-P) by spray drying intended for nasal application. Various cyclodextrins (hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, α-cyclodextrin) and biocompatible polymers (hyaluronic acid, poly(vinylalcohol)) were used as excipients to increase the permeation of the drug and to prepare mucoadhesive products. Physico-chemical, in vitro and ex vivo biopharmaceutical characterization of the formulations were performed. As a result of spray drying, mucoadhesive nanospheres (average particle size <1 µm) were prepared which contained amorphous MEL-P. Cyclodextrin-MEL-P complexes were formed and the applied excipients increased the in vitro and ex vivo permeability of MEL-P. The highest amount of MEL-P permeated from the α-cyclodextrin-based poly(vinylalcohol)-containing samples in vitro (209 μg/cm2) and ex vivo (1.47 μg/mm2) as well. After further optimization, the resulting formulations may be promising for eliciting a rapid analgesic effect through the nasal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Varga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.V.); (R.A.); (P.S.-R.)
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.V.); (R.A.); (P.S.-R.)
| | - Piroska Szabó-Révész
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.V.); (R.A.); (P.S.-R.)
| | - Dávid Kókai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Katalin Burián
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Zsolt Bella
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Csilla Bartos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.V.); (R.A.); (P.S.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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Sumaila M, Marimuthu T, Kumar P, Choonara YE. Lipopolysaccharide Nanosystems for the Enhancement of Oral Bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:242. [PMID: 34595578 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosystems that incorporate both polymers and lipids have garnered attention as emerging nanotechnology approach for oral drug delivery. These hybrid systems leverage on the combined properties of polymeric and lipid-based nanocarriers while eliminating their inherent limitations. In view of the safety-related benefits of naturally occurring polymers, we have focused on systems incorporating polysaccharides and derivatives into the hybrid structure. The aim of this review is to evaluate existing biopolymers with specific focus on lipopolysaccharide hybrid systems and their advancement toward enhancing oral drug delivery. Furthermore, we shall identify future research areas that require further exploration toward achieving an optimized hybrid system for easy translation into clinical use. In this review, we have appraised formulations that combined polysaccharides/derivatives with lipids in a single nanocarrier system. These formulations were grouped into lipid-core-polysaccharide-shell systems, polysaccharide-core-lipid-shell systems, self-emulsifying lipopolysaccharide hybrid systems, and hybrid lipopolysaccharide matrix systems. In these systems, we highlighted how the polysaccharide phase enhances the oral absorption of encapsulated bioactives with regard to their function and mechanism. The various lipopolysaccharide designs presented in this review demonstrated significant improvement in pharmacokinetics of bioactives. A multitude of studies found lipopolysaccharide hybrid systems as nascent nanoplatforms for the oral delivery of challenging bioactives due to features that favor gastrointestinal absorption and bioavailability improvement. With future research already geared toward product optimization and scaling up processes, as well as detailed pharmacological and toxicology pre-clinical testing, these versatile systems will have remarkable impact in clinical application.
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Asim MH, Ijaz M, Mahmood A, Knoll P, Jalil A, Arshad S, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Thiolated cyclodextrins: Mucoadhesive and permeation enhancing excipients for ocular drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120451. [PMID: 33675922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thiolated β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) has the potential to enhance mucoadhesive and permeation enhancing properties on ocular mucosa. Thiolated β-CD was synthesized via replacement of all primary hydroxyl groups on β-CD backbone by halogen followed by substitution with thiol groups. The structure was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Thiolated CD was characterized for hemolytic effect, ocular irritation, solubility enhancement, viscoelastic behavior and mucoadhesive properties. Moreover, the permeation enhancing effect of thiolated oligomer on different ocular tissues including conjunctiva, sclera and cornea was evaluated with sodium fluorescein (Na-Flu) as a marker. Thiolated β-CD displayed 5360 ± 412 µmol/g thiol groups. The newly synthesized oligomer did not show any hemolytic effect on red blood cells at a concentration of 0.5% (m/v) for an incubation period of 3 h and minimal corneal irritation effects without any inflammation within 72 h. Thiolated β-CD exhibited a 5.3-fold improved aqueous solubility as compared to the unmodified β-CD. Thiolated oligomer (0.5% m/v) enhanced the viscosity of mucus up to 6.2-fold within 4 h and provided a 26-fold prolonged ocular residence time due to mucoadhesion. Moreover, 0.5% (m/v) thiolated β-CD enhanced the permeation of Na-Flu 9.6-, 7.1- and 5.3-fold on conjunctiva, sclera and cornea, respectively. Based on these findings, thiolated β-CD might be a promising auxiliary agent for ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulazim Hussain Asim
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Mahmood
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Patrick Knoll
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aamir Jalil
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Shumaila Arshad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Federer C, Kurpiers M, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Thiolated Chitosans: A Multi-talented Class of Polymers for Various Applications. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:24-56. [PMID: 32567846 PMCID: PMC7805012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Various properties of chitosan can be customized by thiolation for very specific needs in a wide range of application areas. Since the discovery of thiolated chitosans, many studies have proven their advantageous characteristics, such as adhesion to biological surfaces, adjustable cross-linking and swelling behavior, controllable drug release, permeation as well as cellular uptake enhancement, inhibition of efflux pumps and enzymes, complexation of metal ions, antioxidative properties, and radical scavenging activity. Simultaneously, these polymers remain biodegradable without increased toxicity. Within this Review, an overview about the different possibilities to covalently attach sulfhydryl ligands to the polymeric backbone of chitosan is given, and the resulting versatile physiochemical properties are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the broad spectrum of applications for thiolated chitosans in science and industry, ranging from their most advanced use in pharmaceutical and medical science over wastewater treatment to the impregnation of textiles, is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Federer
- Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Kurpiers
- Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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In-Depth Study into Polymeric Materials in Low-Density Gastroretentive Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070636. [PMID: 32645909 PMCID: PMC7408198 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of oral dosage forms for the treatment of diseases may be linked to deficient pharmacokinetic properties. In some cases the drug is barely soluble; in others, the rapid transit of the formulation through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) makes it difficult to achieve therapeutic levels in the organism; moreover, some drugs must act locally due to a gastric pathology, but the time they remain in the stomach is short. The use of formulations capable of improving all these parameters, as well as increasing the resident time in the stomach, has been the target of numerous research works, with low-density systems being the most promising and widely explored, however, there is further scope to improve these systems. There are a vast variety of polymeric materials used in low-density gastroretentive systems and a number of methods to improve the bioavailability of the drugs. This works aims to expedite the development of breakthrough approaches by providing an in-depth understanding of the polymeric materials currently used, both natural and synthetic, their properties, advantages, and drawbacks.
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16
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Okra-Thioglycolic Acid Conjugate—Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation as a Mucoadhesive Polymer. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems relies on the type of polymer used, which becomes adhesive naturally upon hydration. Intended polymers should be able to maintain prolonged contact with biological membranes, and to protect or cater the drug to a prolonged period. Most of the hydro polymers form weak non-covalent bonds, that hinder localization of dosage forms at specific sites resulting in therapeutic inefficiency. This can be overcome by the thiol functionalization of natural polymers. In the present study, natural okra gum (OG) was extracted, followed by thiolation (TOG) and evaluated for mucoadhesion property and its role in enhancing the efficacy of repaglinide as a model drug (short-acting Type II antidiabetic drug). The thiol functionalization of OG (TOG) was confirmed by a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study that showed a polyhedral to a spherical shape that had a rougher surface. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) studies of TOG indicated a decline in endothermic transition temperature and high crystallinity, respectively, in comparison to OG. CSFR (Crushing Strength: Friability Ratio), weight and thickness variations of repaglinidetablets formulated using TOG were >80% and <2.5% respectively. The highest swelling index (107.89 ± 1.99%) and strong mucoadhesion due to high disulfide bonds were observed for repaglinide TOG tablets in comparison to RG OG tablets. In-vitro release studies indicated a controlled drug release from thiolated formulations proportional to the concentration of thiomers that have a good correlation with in-vivo studies. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated higher AUC (area under the curve), longer t1/2 with thiomers. and Level A IVIV (in vitro in vivo) correlation was established from the bioavailability and dissolution data. Consequently, all the obtained results suggest that thiomers based formulations can be promising drug delivery systems, even in targeting onerous mucosal surfaces like nasal, ocular or vaginal.
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Asim MH, Nazir I, Jalil A, Laffleur F, Matuszczak B, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Per-6-Thiolated Cyclodextrins: A Novel Type of Permeation Enhancing Excipients for BCS Class IV Drugs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:7942-7950. [PMID: 31985207 PMCID: PMC7205388 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to develop a per-6-thiolated α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) by substituting all primary hydroxyl groups of α-CD with thiol groups and to assess its solubility-improving and permeation-enhancing properties for a BCS Class IV drug in vitro as well as in vivo. The primary hydroxyl groups of α-CD were replaced by iodine, followed by substitution with -SH groups. The structure of per-6-thiolated α-CD was approved by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The per-6-thiolated was characterized for thiol content, -SH stability, cytotoxicity, and solubility-improving properties by using the model BCS Class IV drug furosemide (FUR). The mucoadhesive properties of the thiolated oligomer were investigated via viscoelastic measurements with porcine mucus, whereas permeation-enhancing features were evaluated on the Caco-2 cell monolayer and rat gut mucosa. Furthermore, oral bioavailability studies were performed in rats. The per-6-thiolated α-CD oligomer displayed 4244 ± 402 μmol/g thiol groups. These -SH groups were stable at pH ≤ 4, exhibiting a pKa value of 8.1, but subject to oxidation at higher pH. Per-6-thiolated α-CD was not cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells in 0.5% (m/v) concentration within 24 h. It improved the solubility of FUR in the same manner as unmodified α-CD. The addition of per-6-thiolated α-CD (0.5% m/v) increased the mucus viscosity up to 5.8-fold at 37 °C within 4 h. Because of the incorporation in per-6-thiolated α-CD, the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of FUR was 6.87-fold improved on the Caco-2 cell monolayer and 6.55-fold on the intestinal mucosa. Moreover, in vivo studies showed a 4.9-fold improved oral bioavailability of FUR due to the incorporation in per-6-thiolated α-CD. These results indicate that per-6-thiolated α-CD would be a promising auxiliary agent for the mucosal delivery of, in particular, BCS Class IV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulazim Hussain Asim
- CCB, Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, L.04.184, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Imran Nazir
- CCB, Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, L.04.184, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060 Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Jalil
- CCB, Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, L.04.184, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Flavia Laffleur
- CCB, Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, L.04.184, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Matuszczak
- CCB, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, L.04.132, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- CCB, Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, L.04.184, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- E-mail: . Phone: +43 512 507 58601. Fax: +43 512 507 58699
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Han X, Zhang E, Shi Y, Song B, Du H, Cao Z. Biomaterial-tight junction interaction and potential impacts. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6310-6320. [PMID: 31364678 PMCID: PMC6812605 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01081e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have to cross the natural barriers and get into the blood to impart the pharmacological effects. The tight junctions (TJs) between the epithelial cells serve as the major selectively permeable barriers and control the paracellular transport of the majority of hydrophilic drugs, in particular, peptides and proteins. TJs perfectly balance the targeted transport and the exclusion of other unexpected pathogens under the normal conditions. Many biomaterials have shown the capability to open the TJs and improve the oral bioavailability and targeting efficacy of the APIs. Nevertheless, there is limited understanding of the biomaterial-TJ interactions. The opening of the TJs further poses the risk of autoimmune diseases and infections. This review article summarizes the most updated literature and presents insights into the TJ structure, the biomaterial-TJ interaction mechanism, the benefits and drawbacks of TJ disruption, and methods for evaluating such interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - Ershuai Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - Yuanjie Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - Boyi Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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Leichner C, Jelkmann M, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Thiolated polymers: Bioinspired polymers utilizing one of the most important bridging structures in nature. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 151-152:191-221. [PMID: 31028759 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thiolated polymers designated "thiomers" are obtained by covalent attachment of thiol functionalities on the polymeric backbone of polymers. In 1998 these polymers were first described as mucoadhesive and in situ gelling compounds forming disulfide bonds with cysteine-rich substructures of mucus glycoproteins and crosslinking through inter- and intrachain disulfide bond formation. In the following, it was shown that thiomers are able to form disulfides with keratins and membrane-associated proteins exhibiting also cysteine-rich substructures. Furthermore, permeation enhancing, enzyme inhibiting and efflux pump inhibiting properties were demonstrated. Because of these capabilities thiomers are promising tools for drug delivery guaranteeing a strongly prolonged residence time as well as sustained release on mucosal membranes. Apart from that, thiomers are used as drugs per se. In particular, for treatment of dry eye syndrome various thiolated polymers are in development and a first product has already reached the market. Within this review an overview about the thiomer-technology and its potential for different applications is provided discussing especially the outcome of studies in non-rodent animal models and that of numerous clinical trials. Moreover, an overview on product developments is given.
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The enhancing effect of N-acetylcysteine modified hyaluronic acid-octadecylamine micelles on the oral absorption of paclitaxel. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:636-647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Thiolated polymer and Cell-Penetrating Peptide dual-surface functionalization of mesoporous silicon nanoparticles to overcome intestinal barriers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Moine L, Rivoira M, Díaz de Barboza G, Pérez A, Tolosa de Talamoni N. Glutathione depleting drugs, antioxidants and intestinal calcium absorption. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4979-4988. [PMID: 30510373 PMCID: PMC6262252 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i44.4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide that constitutes one of the main intracellular reducing compounds. The normal content of GSH in the intestine is essential to optimize the intestinal Ca2+ absorption. The use of GSH depleting drugs such as DL-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine, menadione or vitamin K3, sodium deoxycholate or diets enriched in fructose, which induce several features of the metabolic syndrome, produce inhibition of the intestinal Ca2+ absorption. The GSH depleting drugs switch the redox state towards an oxidant condition provoking oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation, which lead to apoptosis and/or autophagy of the enterocytes. Either the transcellular Ca2+ transport or the paracellular Ca2+ route are altered by GSH depleting drugs. The gene and/or protein expression of transporters involved in the transcellular Ca2+ pathway are decreased. The flavonoids quercetin and naringin highly abrogate the inhibition of intestinal Ca2+ absorption, not only by restoration of the GSH levels in the intestine but also by their anti-apoptotic properties. Ursodeoxycholic acid, melatonin and glutamine also block the inhibition of Ca2+ transport caused by GSH depleting drugs. The use of any of these antioxidants to ameliorate the intestinal Ca2+ absorption under oxidant conditions associated with different pathologies in humans requires more investigation with regards to the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Moine
- Laboratorio “Dr. Fernando Cañas”, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - María Rivoira
- Laboratorio “Dr. Fernando Cañas”, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Díaz de Barboza
- Laboratorio “Dr. Fernando Cañas”, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Adriana Pérez
- Laboratorio “Dr. Fernando Cañas”, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Nori Tolosa de Talamoni
- Laboratorio “Dr. Fernando Cañas”, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
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Rohrer J, Lupo N, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Advanced formulations for intranasal delivery of biologics. Int J Pharm 2018; 553:8-20. [PMID: 30316796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global biologics market has been ever increasing over the last decades and is predicted to top Euro 350 by 2020. Facing this scenario, the parenteral route of biologics administration as hitherto standard route is inconvenient for the future. Among the alternatives, the intranasal delivery of therapeutic biologicals seems to be most promising but researchers are still facing challenges as indicated by the scarce number of successfully marketed peptide drugs. AREAS COVERED This review article is a compilation of current research focusing on achievements in the field of auxiliary agents for biologics delivery. First, the key benefits of the nose as most promising alternative route of drug administration are highlighted. Then, the potential of the different auxiliary agents in preclinical research is in detail discussed. Moreover, the most used permeation enhancing agents, mucolytic agents, mucoadhesive agents, in situ gelling agents and enzyme inhibiting agents in the formulation of nasal drug delivery systems are described. Thus, the overall purpose of this review is to highlight recent achievements in nasal delivery of biologics and to encourage researchers to work in the direction of needle-free nasal administration of biologics. EXPERT OPINION The nasal epithelium is a promising route for biologics administration, which is reflected in a number of well-established products on the market treating chronic diseases as well as a large number of clinical trials currently in progress. The nasal route of drug administration might be a chance to improve therapy of biologics however break-through advances, especially for very complex molecules, such as antibodies, are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rohrer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Noemi Lupo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Naveen NR, Gopinath C, Rao DS. A spotlight on thiolated natural polymers and their relevance in mucoadhesive drug delivery system. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fjps.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Azevedo C, Macedo MH, Sarmento B. Strategies for the enhanced intracellular delivery of nanomaterials. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:944-959. [PMID: 28919437 PMCID: PMC7108348 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular delivery of nanomaterials and drugs has been attracting increasing research interest, mainly because of their important effects and functions in several organelles. Targeting specific organelles can help treat or decrease the symptoms of diabetes, cancer, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Tuning biological and chemical properties enables the creation of functionalized nanomaterials with enhanced intracellular uptake, ability to escape premature lysosome degradation, and to reach a specific target. Here, we provide an update of recent advances in the intracellular delivery mechanisms that could help drugs reach their target more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Azevedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Macedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
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Chen CH, Lin YS, Wu SJ, Mi FL. Mutlifunctional nanoparticles prepared from arginine-modified chitosan and thiolated fucoidan for oral delivery of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 193:163-172. [PMID: 29773368 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) from arginine-modified chitosan (CS-N-Arg) and thiolated fucoidan (THL-fucoidan) were synthesized to enhance the transport of dextran and curcumin across intestinal epithelial cell layer. CS-N-Arg/THL-fucoidan NPs exhibited a pH-sensitive assembly-disassembly and drug release property. Evaluations of the NPs in enhancing the transport of a hydrophilic macromolecule (FITC-dextran) and a hydrophobic drug (curcumin) were investigated in Caco-2 cell monolayers. The cationic CS-N-Arg in the NPs induced disruption of intestinal epithelial tight junctions as indicated by the decrease of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Permeation studies revealed that the NPs enhanced the paracellular permeation of macromolecular dextran through the monolayer barrier. In addition, the multifunctional NPs increased the permeability of rhodamine 123 because the thiomer THL-fucoidan in the NPs inhibited P-glycoprotein. Cellular uptake and permeability of curcumin encapsulated in the NPs were improved due to increasing their water solubility and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ho Chen
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Song Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Jung Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Fwu-Long Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of medicine, College of medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Griesser J, Hetényi G, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Thiolated Hyaluronic Acid as Versatile Mucoadhesive Polymer: From the Chemistry Behind to Product Developments-What Are the Capabilities? Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10030243. [PMID: 30966278 PMCID: PMC6414859 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the last decade, intensive research work has been conducted on thiolated hyaluronic acids (HA-SH). By attaching sulfhydryl ligands onto naturally occurring hyaluronic acid various types of HA-SH can be designed. Due the ability of disulfide bond formation within the polymer itself as well as with biological materials, certain properties such as mucoadhesive, gelling, enzyme inhibitory, permeation enhancing and release controlling properties are improved. Besides the application in the field of drug delivery, HA-SH has been investigated as auxiliary material for wound healing. Within this review, the characteristics of novel drug delivery systems based on HA-SH are summarized and the versatility of this polymer for further applications is described by introducing numerous relevant studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Griesser
- Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Gergely Hetényi
- Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Suksiriworapong J, Mingkwan T, Chantasart D. Enhanced transmucosal delivery of itraconazole by thiolated d -ɑ-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate micelles for the treatment of Candida albicans. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 120:107-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Laffleur F, Schmelzle F, Ganner A, Vanicek S. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of Novel Curcumin-Loaded Excipient for Buccal Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2102-2109. [PMID: 28028792 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a mucoadhesive polymeric excipient comprising curcumin for buccal delivery. Curcumin encompasses broad range of benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemotherapeutic activity. Hyaluronic acid (HA) as polymeric excipient was modified by immobilization of thiol bearing ligands. L-Cysteine (SH) ethyl ester was covalently attached via amide bond formation between cysteine and the carboxylic moiety of hyaluronic acid. Succeeded synthesis was proved by H-NMR and IR spectra. The obtained thiolated polymer hyaluronic acid ethyl ester (HA-SH) was evaluated in terms of stability, safety, mucoadhesiveness, drug release, and permeation-enhancing properties. HA-SH showed 2.75-fold higher swelling capacity over time in comparison to unmodified polymer. Furthermore, mucoadhesion increased 3.4-fold in case of HA-SH and drug release was increased 1.6-fold versus HA control, respectively. Curcumin-loaded HA-SH exhibits a 4.4-fold higher permeation compared with respective HA. Taking these outcomes in consideration, novel curcumin-loaded excipient, namely thiolated hyaluronic acid ethyl ester appears as promising tool for pharyngeal diseases.
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Alavi S, Haeri A, Dadashzadeh S. Utilization of chitosan-caged liposomes to push the boundaries of therapeutic delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:991-1012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Froidevaux V, Negrell C, Caillol S, Pascault JP, Boutevin B. Biobased Amines: From Synthesis to Polymers; Present and Future. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14181-14224. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Froidevaux
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR 5253–CNRS, UM, ENSCM, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, F-34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Claire Negrell
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR 5253–CNRS, UM, ENSCM, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, F-34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR 5253–CNRS, UM, ENSCM, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, F-34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pascault
- INSA-Lyon, IMP, UMR5223, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Boutevin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR 5253–CNRS, UM, ENSCM, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, F-34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Chitosan-N-acetyl cysteine microspheres for ocular delivery of acyclovir: Synthesis and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Shah KU, Shah SU, Dilawar N, Khan GM, Gibaud S. Thiomers and their potential applications in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:601-610. [PMID: 27548003 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1227787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thiomers are the product of the immobilization of sulfhydryl-bearing ligands onto the polymer backbone of a conventional polymer, which results in a significant improvement in mucoadhesion; in situ gelation and efflux inhibition compare with unchanged polymers. Because of thiol groups, thiomers have more reactivity and enhanced protection against oxidation. Since the late 1990s, extensive work has been conducted on these promising polymeric excipients in the pharmaceutical field. Areas covered: This review covers thiomers, their classification and their different properties. Various techniques for the synthesis, purification and characterization of thiomers are described in detail. This review also encompasses their various properties such as mucoadhesion, permeation enhancement, in situ gelation and efflux inhibition, as well as different formulations based on thiomers. In addition to the use of thiomers as multifunctional excipients, this review also encompasses their use as drugs. Expert opinion: The synthesis is realized by linkage of sulfhydryl-bearing ligands but reported methods give low yields. Higher degrees of modification are not necessary and would probably lead to extreme changes in properties. Nevertheless, an accurate characterization of the final product is important. The scale-up procedure for industrial manufacturing has been adapted to produce GMP materials; Lacrimera® eye drops have already entered the European market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kifayat Ullah Shah
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid-e-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Shefaat Ullah Shah
- b Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gomal University , D.I.Khan , Pakistan.,c EA3452/CITHEFOR, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France
| | - Naz Dilawar
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid-e-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- a Department of Pharmacy , Quaid-e-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Stéphane Gibaud
- c EA3452/CITHEFOR, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Lorraine , Nancy , France
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Wang X, Wang N, Yuan L, Li N, Wang J, Yang X. Exploring tight junction alteration using double fluorescent probe combination of lanthanide complex with gold nanoclusters. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32218. [PMID: 27574102 PMCID: PMC5004201 DOI: 10.1038/srep32218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions play a key role in restricting or regulating passage of liquids, ions and large solutes through various biological barriers by the paracellular route. Changes in paracellular permeation indicate alteration of the tight junction. However, it is very difficult to obtain the structural change information by measuring paracellular flux based on transepithelial electrical resistance or using fluorescein-labeled dextrans. Here we show that the BSA and GSH stabilized gold nanoclusters exhibit marginal cytotoxicity and pass through the MDCK monolayer exclusively through the paracellular pathway. We propose a double fluorescence probe strategy, the combination of a proven paracellular indicator (europium complex) with fluorescent gold nanoclusters. We calculate changes of structural parameters in tight junctions based on determination of the diffusion coefficients of the probes. Two different types of tight junction openers are used to validate our strategy. Results show that EDTA disrupts tight junction structures and induces large and smooth paracellular pore paths with an average radius of 17 nm, but vanadyl complexes induce paths with the radius of 6 nm. The work suggests that the double fluorescence probe strategy is a useful and convenient approach for in vitro investigation of tight junction structural alternations caused by pharmacological or pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,College of Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Lan Yuan
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiaoda Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Acharya SR, Reddy PR. Brain targeted delivery of paclitaxel using endogenous ligand. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2015.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Laffleur F, Bacher L, Vanicek S, Menzel C, Muhammad I. Next generation of buccadhesive excipient: Preactivated carboxymethyl cellulose. Int J Pharm 2016; 500:120-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rao S, Prestidge CA. Polymer-lipid hybrid systems: merging the benefits of polymeric and lipid-based nanocarriers to improve oral drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:691-707. [PMID: 26866382 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1151872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of biobarriers limit efficient oral drug absorption; both polymer-based and lipid-based nanocarriers have demonstrated properties and delivery mechanisms to overcome these biobarriers in preclinical settings. Moreover, in order to address the multifaceted oral drug delivery challenges, polymer-lipid hybrid systems are now being designed to merge the beneficial features of both polymeric and lipid-based nanocarriers. AREAS COVERED Recent advances in the development of polymer-lipid hybrids with a specific focus on their viability in oral delivery are reviewed. Three classes of polymer-lipid hybrids have been identified, i.e. lipid-core polymer-shell systems, polymer-core lipid-shell systems, and matrix-type polymer-lipid hybrids. We focus on their application to overcome the various biological barriers to oral drug absorption, as exemplified by selected preclinical studies. EXPERT OPINION Numerous studies have demonstrated the superiority of polymer-lipid hybrid systems to their non-hybrid counterparts in providing improved drug encapsulation, modulated drug release, and improved cellular uptake. These features have encouraged their applications in the delivery of chemotherapeutics, proteins, peptides, and vaccines. With further research expected to optimize the manufacturing and scaling up processes and in-depth pre-clinical pharmacological and toxicological assessments, these multifaceted drug delivery systems will have significant clinical impact on the oral delivery of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Rao
- a School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences , University of South Australia , Adelaide , SA , Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- a School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences , University of South Australia , Adelaide , SA , Australia
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Deutel B, Laffleur F, Palmberger T, Saxer A, Thaler M, Bernkop-Schnürch A. In vitro characterization of insulin containing thiomeric microparticles as nasal drug delivery system. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 81:157-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Şenyiğit ZA, Karavana SY, İlem-Özdemir D, Çalışkan Ç, Waldner C, Şen S, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Baloğlu E. Design and evaluation of an intravesical delivery system for superficial bladder cancer: preparation of gemcitabine HCl-loaded chitosan-thioglycolic acid nanoparticles and comparison of chitosan/poloxamer gels as carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6493-507. [PMID: 26508855 PMCID: PMC4610785 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s93750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an intravesical delivery system of gemcitabine HCl for superficial bladder cancer in order to provide a controlled release profile, to prolong the residence time, and to avoid drug elimination via urination. For this aim, bioadhesive nanoparticles were prepared with thiolated chitosan (chitosan–thioglycolic acid conjugate) and were dispersed in bioadhesive chitosan gel or in an in situ gelling poloxamer formulation in order to improve intravesical residence time. In addition, nanoparticle-loaded gels were diluted with artificial urine to mimic in vivo conditions in the bladder and were characterized regarding changes in gel structure. The obtained results showed that chitosanthioglycolic acid nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 174.5±3.762 nm and zeta potential of 32.100±0.575 mV were successfully developed via ionotropic gelation and that the encapsulation efficiency of gemcitabine HCl was nearly 20%. In vitro/ex vivo characterization studies demonstrated that both nanoparticles and nanoparticle-loaded chitosan and poloxamer gels might be alternative carriers for intravesical administration of gemcitabine HCl, prolonging its residence time in the bladder and hence improving treatment efficacy. However, when the gel formulations were diluted with artificial urine, poloxamer gels lost their in situ gelling properties at body temperature, which is in conflict with the aimed formulation property. Therefore, 2% chitosan gel formulation was found to be a more promising carrier system for intravesical administration of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ay Şenyiğit
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Yaprak Karavana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Derya İlem-Özdemir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Çalışkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Sait Şen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Esra Baloğlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
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Laffleur F, Psenner J, Suchaoin W. Permeation enhancement via thiolation: in vitro and ex vivo evaluation of hyaluronic acid-cysteine ethyl ester. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2153-60. [PMID: 25900642 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It was the aim of this study to evaluate the permeation-enhancing effect of synthesized thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA). HA, a naturally found polysaccharide, was chemically modified with l-cysteine ethyl ether (C) via amide bond formation. In vitro permeation enhancement was tested on Caco-2 cells with two compounds, sulforhodamine (SR) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD4). Cytotoxicity assays as lactate dehydrogenase and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were performed on colon carcinoma cell line. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements were conducted. Ex vivo evaluation was accomplished on rat intestinal mucosa in order to predict the permeation enhancing effect with SR, sodium fluorescein (SF), and FD4, respectively. The MTT as well as lactate dehydrogenase revealed no toxicity over time periods of 3 and 12 h, respectively. The bioconjugate is biocompatible and safe to use. Furthermore, TEER measurements showed the integrity of tight junctions. The in vitro permeation studies on cell studies exhibit 1.28-fold enhancement for SR and 1.47-fold enhancement for FD4 with hyaluronic acid-cysteine ethyl ester (HAC) in comparison to unmodified one. The ex vivo transport studies exhibit 1.9-fold enhancement for SF, 1.31-fold enhancement for Rhodamine123, and 1.3-fold enhancement for FD4 with HAC in comparison to unmodified one, respectively. Thus, the promising results encourage further investigations and exploitation of this versatile polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Laffleur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Psenner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wongsakorn Suchaoin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Trends in the development of oral anticoagulants. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:685-703. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticoagulation remains the therapy of choice for the prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thromboembolic disorders which can cause major organ damage or death. Heparins represent the antithrombotic drugs of choice in short and medium-term prophylaxis and therapy of thromboembolic diseases. Fondaparinux, a synthetic and structural analog of the antithrombin-binding pentasaccharide domain of heparin, has selective anti-Xa activity and longer half-life. However, anticoagulants are poorly absorbed by oral route because of their high molecular weight, hydrophilicity and negative charges. Long-term anticoagulation therapy is problematic because of side effects and frequent monitoring. Formulation approaches are particularly promising.
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Thiolated nanocarriers for oral delivery of hydrophilic macromolecular drugs. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 117:577-584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lu Y, Shah A, Hunter RA, Soto RJ, Schoenfisch MH. S-Nitrosothiol-modified nitric oxide-releasing chitosan oligosaccharides as antibacterial agents. Acta Biomater 2015; 12:62-69. [PMID: 25449913 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
S-Nitrosothiol-modified chitosan oligosaccharides were synthesized by reaction with 2-iminothiolane hydrochloride and 3-acetamido-4,4-dimethylthietan-2-one, followed by thiol nitrosation. The resulting nitric oxide (NO)-releasing chitosan oligosaccharides stored ∼0.3μmol NO mg(-1) chitosan. Both the chemical structure of the nitrosothiol (i.e. primary and tertiary) and the use of ascorbic acid as a trigger for NO donor decomposition were used to control the NO-release kinetics. With ascorbic acid, the S-nitrosothiol-modified chitosan oligosaccharides elicited a 4-log reduction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa viability. Confocal microscopy indicated that the primary S-nitrosothiol-modified chitosan oligosaccharides associated more with the bacteria relative to the tertiary S-nitrosothiol system. The primary S-nitrosothiol-modified chitosan oligosaccharides elicited minimal toxicity towards L929 mouse fibroblast cells at the concentration necessary for a 4-log reduction in bacterial viability, further demonstrating the potential of S-nitrosothiol-modified chitosan oligosaccharides as NO-release therapeutics.
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Millotti G, Laffleur F, Perera G, Vigl C, Pickl K, Sinner F, Bernkop-Schnürch A. In vivo evaluation of thiolated chitosan tablets for oral insulin delivery. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3165-70. [PMID: 25139279 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan-6-mercaptonicotinic acid (chitosan-6-MNA) is a thiolated chitosan with strong mucoadhesive properties and a pH-independent reactivity. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo potential for the oral delivery of insulin. The comparison of the nonconjugated chitosan and chitosan-6-MNA was performed on several studies such as mucoadhesion, release, and in vivo studies. Thiolated chitosan formulations were both about 80-fold more mucoadhesive compared with unmodified ones. The thiolated chitosan tablets showed a sustained release for 5 h for the polymer of 20 kDa and 8 h for the polymer of 400 kDa. Human insulin was quantified in rats' plasma by means of ELISA specific for human insulin with no cross-reactivity with the endogenous insulin. In vivo results showed thiolation having a tremendous impact on the absorption of insulin. The absolute bioavailabilities were 0.73% for chitosan-6-MNA of 20 kDa and 0.62% for chitosan-6-MNA 400 kDa. The areas under the concentration-time curves (AUC) of chitosan-6-MNA formulations compared with unmodified chitosan were 4.8-fold improved for the polymer of 20 kDa and 21.02-fold improved for the polymer of 400 kDa. The improvement in the AUC with regard to the most promising aliphatic thiomer was up to 6.8-fold. Therefore, chitosan-6-MNA represents a promising excipient for the oral delivery of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioconda Millotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Bonengel S, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Thiomers--from bench to market. J Control Release 2014; 195:120-9. [PMID: 24993428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Thiolated polymers or designated thiomers are obtained by immobilization of sulhydryl bearing ligands on the polymeric backbone of well-established polymers such as poly(acrylates) or chitosans. This functionalization leads to significantly improved mucoadhesive properties compared to the corresponding unmodified polymers, as disulfide bonds between thiol groups of thiomers and cysteine-rich glycoproteins of the mucus gel layer are formed. Furthermore, enzyme- and efflux-pump inhibiting as well as improved permeation-enhancing properties are advantages of thiolization. By the covalent attachment of mercaptonicotinamide substructures via disulfide bonds to thiolated polymers these properties are even substantially further improved and stability towards oxidation even in aqueous media can be provided. Meanwhile, more than 50 research groups worldwide are working on thiolated polymers. For certain thiomers the scale up process for industrial production has already been done and GMP material is available. Furthermore, safety of thiolated poly(acrylic acid), thiolated chitosan and thiolated hyaluronic acid could be demonstrated via orientating studies in human volunteers and via various clinical trials. The first product (Lacrimera® eye drops, Croma-Pharma) containing a chitosan-N-acetylcysteine conjugate for treatment of dry eye syndrome will enter the European market this year. It is the only product providing a sustained protective effect on the ocular surface due to its comparatively much more prolonged residence time worldwide. Various further products utilizing, for instance, thiolated hyaluronic acid in ocular surgery are in the pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Bonengel
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Zhang Y, Du X, Zhang Y, Li G, Cai C, Xu J, Tang X. Thiolated Eudragit-based Nanoparticles for Oral Insulin Delivery: Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation Using Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:842-52. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
- Normal College; Shenyang University; Shenyang 110044 China
| | - Xuli Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Guofei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Cuifang Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Jinghua Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
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Boateng JS, Ayensu I. Preparation and characterization of laminated thiolated chitosan-based freeze-dried wafers for potential buccal delivery of macromolecules. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 40:611-8. [PMID: 24506457 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.884126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study involves the development and functional characterization of a thiolated chitosan (CS) system for potential buccal delivery of proteins. Thiolated CS was synthesized by conjugating pure CS with thioglycolic acid and dialyzed to remove excess acid. Amount of thiol groups immobilized on CS was determined using L-cysteine calibration curve. The weight average molecular weights of CS and thiolated CS were monitored using gel permeation chromatography. Laminated wafers were obtained by pouring gels (containing bovine serum albumin; BSA, different amounts of glutathione as enzyme inhibitor and mucin to mimic salivary conditions) of the thiolated CS into moulds previously lined with impervious ethylcellulose (EC) films and freeze-dried. The resulting formulations were analyzed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The formulations were further characterized for functional buccal mucosa performance using hydration, swelling, mucoadhesion and in vitro drug dissolution studies. FTIR showed successful thiolation of CS's amine functionality, CD confirmed that BSA conformation remained unchanged throughout the gel formulation and freeze-drying process, whilst SEM showed a porous microstructure of the wafers and a uniform EC film laminate with no visible pores or cracks. The functional characterization studies showed that glutathione had significant effects on hydration, mucoadhesion and subsequently drug dissolution and release characteristics, whilst mucin affected the mucoadhesive properties of the wafers. It was concluded that BSA-loaded wafers containing 10% w/w glutathione as enzyme inhibitor was the formulation choice for potential buccal delivery and should be selected for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Boateng
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich at Medway , Chatham Maritime, Kent , UK
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Gradauer K, Barthelmes J, Vonach C, Almer G, Mangge H, Teubl B, Roblegg E, Dünnhaupt S, Fröhlich E, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Prassl R. Liposomes coated with thiolated chitosan enhance oral peptide delivery to rats. J Control Release 2013; 172:872-8. [PMID: 24140721 PMCID: PMC3913890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the in vivo evaluation of thiomer-coated liposomes for an oral application of peptides. For this purpose, salmon calcitonin was chosen as a model drug and encapsulated within liposomes. Subsequently, the drug loaded liposomes were coated with either chitosan-thioglycolic acid (CS-TGA) or an S-protected version of the same polymer (CS-TGA-MNA), leading to an increase in the particle size of about 500 nm and an increase in the zeta potential from approximately -40 mV to a maximum value of about +44 mV, depending on the polymer. Coated liposomes were demonstrated to effectively penetrate the intestinal mucus layer where they came in close contact with the underlying epithelium. To investigate the permeation enhancing properties of the coated liposomes ex vivo, we monitored the transport of fluoresceinisothiocyanate-labeled salmon calcitonin (FITC-sCT) through rat small intestine. Liposomes coated with CS-TGA-MNA showed the highest effect, leading to a 3.8-fold increase in the uptake of FITC-sCT versus the buffer control. In vivo evaluation of the different formulations was carried out by the oral application of 40 μg of sCT per rat, either encapsulated within uncoated liposomes, CS-TGA-coated liposomes or CS-TGA-MNA-coated liposomes, or given as a solution serving as negative control. The blood calcium level was monitored over a time period of 24h. The highest reduction in the blood calcium level, to a minimum of 65% of the initial value after 6h, was achieved for CS-TGA-MNA-coated liposomes. Comparing the areas above curves (AAC) of the blood calcium levels, CS-TGA-MNA-coated liposomes led to an 8.2-fold increase compared to the free sCT solution if applied orally in the same concentration. According to these results, liposomes coated with S-protected thiomers have demonstrated to be highly valuable carriers for enhancing the oral bioavailability of salmon calcitonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gradauer
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Schmiedlstraße 6, 8042 Graz, Austria.
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Fernandes MM, Francesko A, Torrent-Burgués J, Tzanov T. Effect of thiol-functionalisation on chitosan antibacterial activity: Interaction with a bacterial membrane model. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Heinen C, Reuss S, Saaler-Reinhardt S, Langguth P. Mechanistic basis for unexpected bioavailability enhancement of polyelectrolyte complexes incorporating BCS class III drugs and carrageenans. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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