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Nakano Y, Le MH, Abduweli D, Ho SP, Ryazanova LV, Hu Z, Ryazanov AG, Den Besten PK, Zhang Y. A Critical Role of TRPM7 As an Ion Channel Protein in Mediating the Mineralization of the Craniofacial Hard Tissues. Front Physiol 2016; 7:258. [PMID: 27458382 PMCID: PMC4934143 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium ion (Mg(2+)) is the fourth most common cation in the human body, and has a crucial role in many physiological functions. Mg(2+) homeostasis is an important contributor to bone development, however, its roles in the development of dental mineralized tissues have not yet been well known. We identified that transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7 (TRPM7), was significantly upregulated in the mature ameloblasts as compared to other ameloblasts through our whole transcript microarray analyses of the ameloblasts. TRPM7, an ion channel for divalent metal cations with an intrinsic serine/threonine protein kinase activity, has been characterized as a key regulator of whole body Mg(2+) homeostasis. Semi-quantitative PCR and immunostaining for TRMP7 confirmed its upregulation during the maturation stage of enamel formation, at which ameloblasts direct rapid mineralization of the enamel matrix. The significantly hypomineralized craniofacial structures, including incisors, molars, and cranial bones were demonstrated by microCT analysis, von Kossa and trichrome staining in Trpm7 (Δkinase∕+) mice. A previously generated heterozygous mouse model with the deletion of the TRPM7 kinase domain. Interestingly, the skeletal phenotype of Trpm7 (Δkinase∕+) mice resembled those found in the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (Alpl) KO mice, thus we further examined whether ALPL protein content and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity in ameloblasts, odontoblasts and osteoblasts were affected in those mice. While ALPL protein in Trpm7 (Δkinase∕+) mice remained at the similar level as that in wt mice, ALPase activities in the Trpm7 (Δkinase∕+) mice were almost nonexistent. Supplemented magnesium successfully rescued the activities of ALPase in ameloblasts, odontoblasts and osteoblasts of Trpm7 (Δkinase∕+) mice. These results suggested that TRPM7 is essential for mineralization of enamel as well as dentin and bone by providing sufficient Mg(2+) for the ALPL activity, underlining the key importance of ALPL for biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Children's Oral Health Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael H Le
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dawud Abduweli
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sunita P Ho
- Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lillia V Ryazanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Zhixian Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Alexey G Ryazanov
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Pamela K Den Besten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Children's Oral Health Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Children's Oral Health Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
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Szymański M, Barciszewska MZ, Erdmann VA, Barciszewski J. 5 S rRNA: structure and interactions. Biochem J 2003; 371:641-51. [PMID: 12564956 PMCID: PMC1223345 DOI: 10.1042/bj20020872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2002] [Revised: 01/28/2003] [Accepted: 02/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
5 S rRNA is an integral component of the large ribosomal subunit in all known organisms. Despite many years of intensive study, the function of 5 S rRNA in the ribosome remains unknown. Advances in the analysis of ribosome structure that have revealed the crystal structures of large ribosomal subunits and of the complete ribosome from various organisms put the results of studies on 5 S rRNA in a new perspective. This paper summarizes recently published data on the structure and function of 5 S rRNA and its interactions in complexes with proteins, within and outside the ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Szymański
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12, 61704 Poznan, Poland
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Nobles KN, Yarian CS, Liu G, Guenther RH, Agris PF. Highly conserved modified nucleosides influence Mg2+-dependent tRNA folding. Nucleic Acids Res 2002; 30:4751-60. [PMID: 12409466 PMCID: PMC135809 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkf595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNA structure involves complex folding interactions of the TPsiC domain with the D domain. However, the role of the highly conserved nucleoside modifications in the TPsiC domain, rT54, Psi55 and m5C49, in tertiary folding is not understood. To determine whether these modified nucleosides have a role in tRNA folding, the association of variously modified yeast tRNA(Phe) T-half molecules (nucleosides 40-72) with the corresponding unmodified D-half molecule (nucleosides 1-30) was detected and quantified using a native polyacrylamide gel mobility shift assay. Mg2+ was required for formation and maintenance of all complexes. The modified T-half folding interactions with the D-half resulted in K(d)s (rT54 = 6 +/- 2, m5C49 = 11 +/- 2, Psi55 = 14 +/- 5, and rT54,Psi55 = 11 +/- 3 microM) significantly lower than that of the unmodified T-half (40 +/- 10 microM). However, the global folds of the unmodified and modified complexes were comparable to each other and to that of an unmodified yeast tRNA(Phe) and native yeast tRNA(Phe), as determined by lead cleavage patterns at U17 and nucleoside substitutions disrupting the Levitt base pair. Thus, conserved modifications of tRNA's TPsiC domain enhanced the affinity between the two half-molecules without altering the global conformation indicating an enhanced stability to the complex and/or an altered folding pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- Hydrogen Bonding
- Lead/pharmacology
- Magnesium/pharmacology
- Models, Molecular
- Nucleic Acid Conformation/drug effects
- Nucleosides/chemistry
- Nucleosides/metabolism
- RNA Stability/drug effects
- RNA, Fungal/chemistry
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Fungal/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Phe/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Phe/genetics
- RNA, Transfer, Phe/metabolism
- Ribonuclease T1/metabolism
- Thermodynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Nobles
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, 128 Polk Hall, PO Box 7622, Raleigh, NC 27695-7622, USA
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