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Industrial and Ruminant Trans-Fatty Acids-Enriched Diets Differentially Modulate the Microbiome and Fecal Metabolites in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061433. [PMID: 36986163 PMCID: PMC10052023 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrially originated trans-fatty acids (I-tFAs), such as elaidic acid (EA), and ruminant trans-fatty acids (R-tFAs), such as trans-palmitoleic acid (TPA), may have opposite effects on metabolic health. The objective was to compare the effects of consuming 2–3% I-tFA or R-tFA on the gut microbiome and fecal metabolite profile in mice after 7 and 28 days. Forty C57BL/6 mice were assigned to one of the four prepared formulations: lecithin nanovesicles, lecithin nanovesicles with EA or TPA, or water. Fecal samples and animals’ weights were collected on days 0, 7, and 28. Fecal samples were used to determine gut microbiome profiles by 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolite concentrations by GC/MS. At 28 days, TPA intake decreased the abundance of Staphylococcus sp55 but increased Staphylococcus sp119. EA intake also increased the abundance of Staphylococcus sp119 but decreased Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 at 28 days. Fecal short-chain fatty acids were increased after TPA while decreased after EA after 7 and 28 days. This study shows that TPA and EA modify the abundance of specific microbial taxa and fecal metabolite profiles in distinct ways.
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Steele JW, Lin YL, Chen N, Wlodarczyk BJ, Chen Q, Attarwala N, Venkatesalu M, Cabrera RM, Gross SS, Finnell RH. Embryonic Hypotaurine Levels Contribute to Strain-Dependent Susceptibility in Mouse Models of Valproate-Induced Neural Tube Defects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:832492. [PMID: 35265619 PMCID: PMC8898900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.832492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA, valproate, Depakote) is a commonly used anti-seizure medication (ASM) in the treatment of epilepsy and a variety of other neurological disorders. While VPA and other ASMs are efficacious for management of seizures, they also increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including neural tube defects (NTDs). Thus, the utility of these drugs during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential presents a continuing public health challenge. Elucidating the underlying genetic or metabolic risk factors for VPA-affected pregnancies may lead to development of non-teratogenic ASMs, novel prevention strategies, or more targeted methods for managing epileptic pregnancies. To address this challenge, we performed unbiased, whole embryo metabolomic screening of E8.5 mouse embryos from two inbred strains with differential susceptibility to VPA-induced NTDs. We identified metabolites of differential abundance between the two strains, both in response to VPA exposure and in the vehicle controls. Notable enriched pathways included lipid metabolism, carnitine metabolism, and several amino acid pathways, especially cysteine and methionine metabolism. There also was increased abundance of ω-oxidation products of VPA in the more NTD-sensitive strain, suggesting differential metabolism of the drug. Finally, we found significantly reduced levels of hypotaurine in the susceptible strain regardless of VPA status. Based on this information, we hypothesized that maternal supplementation with L-carnitine (400 mg/kg), coenzyme A (200 mg/kg), or hypotaurine (350 mg/kg) would reduce VPA-induced NTDs in the sensitive strain and found that administration of hypotaurine prior to VPA exposure significantly reduced the occurrence of NTDs by close to one-third compared to controls. L-carnitine and coenzyme A reduced resorption rates but did not significantly reduce NTD risk in the sensitive strain. These results suggest that genetic variants or environmental exposures influencing embryonic hypotaurine status may be factors in determining risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes when managing the health care needs of pregnant women exposed to VPA or other ASMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Steele
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ying Linda Lin
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nellie Chen
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bogdan J. Wlodarczyk
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nabeel Attarwala
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Madhu Venkatesalu
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert M. Cabrera
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven S. Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Chemistry of Outlandish Natural Products Belonging to Sulfur Metabolism: Unrevealed Green Syntheses and Separation Strategies from the Cavallini’s Old School. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The last century has been very important from the point of view of research and investigation in the fields of the chemistry and biochemistry of sulfur-containing natural products. One of the most important contributions to the discovery and study of human sulfur-containing metabolites was performed by the research group of Professor Doriano Cavallini at Sapienza University of Rome, during the last 80 years. His research brought to light the discovery of unusual sulfur metabolites that were chemically synthesized and determined in different biological specimens. Most of his synthetical strategies were performed in aqueous conditions, which nowadays can be considered totally in line with the recent concepts of the green chemistry. The aim of this paper is to describe and summarize synthetic procedures, and purification and analytical methods from the Cavallini’s school, with the purpose to provide efficient and green methodologies for the preparation and obtainment of peculiar unique sulfur-containing metabolites.
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Pheomelanin Effect on UVB Radiation-Induced Oxidation/Nitration of l-Tyrosine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010267. [PMID: 35008693 PMCID: PMC8745751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheomelanin is a natural yellow-reddish sulfur-containing pigment derived from tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of tyrosine in presence of cysteine. Generally, the formation of melanin pigments is a protective response against the damaging effects of UV radiation in skin. However, pheomelanin, like other photosensitizing substances, can trigger, following exposure to UV radiation, photochemical reactions capable of modifying and damaging cellular components. The photoproperties of this natural pigment have been studied by analyzing pheomelanin effect on oxidation/nitration of tyrosine induced by UVB radiation at different pH values and in presence of iron ions. Photoproperties of pheomelanin can be modulated by various experimental conditions, ranging from the photoprotection to the triggering of potentially damaging photochemical reactions. The study of the photomodification of l-Tyrosine in the presence of the natural pigment pheomelanin has a special relevance, since this tyrosine oxidation/nitration pathway can potentially occur in vivo in tissues exposed to sunlight and play a role in the mechanisms of tissue damage induced by UV radiation.
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Francioso A, Baseggio Conrado A, Mosca L, Fontana M. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Sulfur Natural Compounds: Key Intermediates of Metabolism and Redox Biology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8294158. [PMID: 33062147 PMCID: PMC7545470 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8294158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur contributes significantly to nature chemical diversity and thanks to its particular features allows fundamental biological reactions that no other element allows. Sulfur natural compounds are utilized by all living beings and depending on the function are distributed in the different kingdoms. It is no coincidence that marine organisms are one of the most important sources of sulfur natural products since most of the inorganic sulfur is metabolized in ocean environments where this element is abundant. Terrestrial organisms such as plants and microorganisms are also able to incorporate sulfur in organic molecules to produce primary metabolites (e.g., methionine, cysteine) and more complex unique chemical structures with diverse biological roles. Animals are not able to fix inorganic sulfur into biomolecules and are completely dependent on preformed organic sulfurous compounds to satisfy their sulfur needs. However, some higher species such as humans are able to build new sulfur-containing chemical entities starting especially from plants' organosulfur precursors. Sulfur metabolism in humans is very complicated and plays a central role in redox biochemistry. The chemical properties, the large number of oxidation states, and the versatile reactivity of the oxygen family chalcogens make sulfur ideal for redox biological reactions and electron transfer processes. This review will explore sulfur metabolism related to redox biochemistry and will describe the various classes of sulfur-containing compounds spread all over the natural kingdoms. We will describe the chemistry and the biochemistry of well-known metabolites and also of the unknown and poorly studied sulfur natural products which are still in search for a biological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, 38296 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alessia Baseggio Conrado
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Agostini A, Yuchun D, Li B, Kendall DA, Pardon MC. Sex-specific hippocampal metabolic signatures at the onset of systemic inflammation with lipopolysaccharide in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 83:87-111. [PMID: 31560941 PMCID: PMC6928588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation enhances the risk and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent pro-inflammatory endotoxin produced by the gut, is found in excess levels in AD where it associates with neurological hallmarks of pathology. Sex differences in susceptibility to inflammation and AD progression have been reported, but how this impacts on LPS responses remains under investigated. We previously reported in an APP/PS1 model of AD that systemic LPS administration rapidly altered hippocampal metabolism in males. Here, we used untargeted metabolomics to comprehensively identify hippocampal metabolic processes occurring at onset of systemic inflammation with LPS (100 µg/kg, i.v.) in APP/PS1 mice, at an early pathological stage, and investigated the sexual dimorphism in this response. Four hours after LPS administration, pathways regulating energy metabolism, immune and oxidative stress responses were simultaneously recruited in the hippocampi of 4.5-month-old mice with a more protective response in females despite their pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant metabolic signature in the absence of immune stimulation. LPS induced comparable behavioural sickness responses in male and female wild-type and APP/PS1 mice and comparable activation of both the serotonin and nicotinamide pathways of tryptophan metabolism in their hippocampi. Elevations in N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, a major toxic metabolite of nicotinamide, correlated with behavioural sickness regardless of sex, as well as with the LPS-induced hypothermia seen in males. Males also exhibited a pro-inflammatory-like downregulation of pyruvate metabolism, exacerbated in APP/PS1 males, and methionine metabolism whereas females showed a greater cytokine response and anti-inflammatory-like downregulation of hippocampal methylglyoxal and methionine metabolism. Metabolic changes were not associated with morphological markers of immune cell activation suggesting that they constitute an early event in the development of LPS-induced neuroinflammation and AD exacerbation. These data suggest that the female hippocampus is more tolerant to acute systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Agostini
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ding Yuchun
- School of Computer Sciences, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK; School of Computing Science, Urban Sciences Building, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Science Central, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5TG, UK(1)
| | - Bai Li
- School of Computing Science, Urban Sciences Building, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Science Central, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5TG, UK(1)
| | - David A Kendall
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Marie-Christine Pardon
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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Sulfur-containing amino acid supplementation to gilts from late pregnancy to lactation altered offspring's intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1227-1242. [PMID: 31853564 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during late pregnancy and lactation is highly involved with the offspring's health status. The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different ratios of methionine and cysteine (Met/Cys: 46% Met, 51% Met, 56% Met, and 62% Met; maintained with 0.78% of total sulfur-containing amino acids; details in "Materials and methods") supplements in the sows' diet from late pregnancy to lactation on offspring's plasma metabolomics and intestinal microbiota. The results revealed that the level of serum albumin, calcium, iron, and magnesium was increased in the 51% Met group compared with the 46% Met, 56% Met, and 62% Met groups. Plasma metabolomics results indicated that the higher ratios of methionine and cysteine (0.51% Met, 0.56% Met, and 0.62% Met)-supplemented groups enriched the level of hippuric acid, retinoic acid, riboflavin, and δ-tocopherol than in the 46% Met group. Furthermore, the 51% Met-supplemented group had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes compared with the other three groups (P < 0.05), while the 62% Met-supplemented group increased the abundance of Proteobacteria compared with the other three groups (P < 0.05) in piglets' intestine. These results indicated that a diet consisting with 51% Met is the optimum Met/Cys ratio from late pregnancy to lactation can maintain the offspring's health by improving the serum biochemical indicators and altering the plasma metabolomics profile and intestinal gut microbiota composition, but higher proportion of Met/Cys may increase the possible risk to offspring's health.
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Tarabová B, Lukeš P, Hammer MU, Jablonowski H, von Woedtke T, Reuter S, Machala Z. Fluorescence measurements of peroxynitrite/peroxynitrous acid in cold air plasma treated aqueous solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8883-8896. [PMID: 30982833 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00871c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Qualitative detection of peroxynitrite/peroxynitrous acid (ONOO-/ONOOH) as one of the key bactericidal agents produced in cold air plasma activated aqueous solutions is presented. We examined the use of the 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) fluorescent dye to detect ONOO-/ONOOH in plasma activated non-buffered water (PAW) or buffered solution (PAPB) generated by DC-driven self-pulsed transient spark discharge at atmospheric pressure in ambient air. The diagnostic selectivity of H2DCFDA to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) typical of plasma activated aqueous solutions was examined by using various scavengers of RONS. This cross-reactivity study showed the highest sensitivity of the H2DCFDA dye to ONOO-/ONOOH. However, besides ONOO-/ONOOH, H2DCFDA also exhibited sensitivity to hypochlorite anions/hypochlorous acid (OCl-/HOCl), showing that for a selective study it is important to have an idea about the possible constituents in the studied solutions. The sensitivity of H2DCFDA to other RONS even in much higher concentrations was negligible. The presence of nitrites (NO2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in PAW led predominantly to the production of peroxynitrous acid with a strong fluorescence response of H2DCFDA in PAW. Plasma treatment of buffered solutions led to the weak response of H2DCFDA. The fluorescence induced in PAW decreased after scavenging individual reactants, namely NO2- and H2O2, as well as by scavenging the product of the peroxynitrite forming reaction, proving that the fluorescence response of H2DCFDA is primarily due to the formation of ONOO-/ONOOH. A chemical kinetics analysis of post-discharge processes and the pseudo-second order reaction between H2O2 and NO2- confirms formation of peroxynitrous acid in PAW with a rate in the order of tens of nM per second. The post-discharge evolution of the ONOOH formation rate was clearly correlated with the parallel detection of ONOO-/ONOOH by fluorescence spectroscopy using the H2DCFDA dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Tarabová
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Gabr SA, Gabr NS, Elsaed WM. Protective Activity of Taurine and Molecular Fibrogenesis in Iron Overloaded Hepatic Tissues. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.418.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Terriente-Palacios C, Diaz I, Castellari M. A validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method to simultaneously quantify taurine, homotaurine, hypotaurine and amino acids in macro- and microalgae. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1589:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bin P, Azad MAK, Liu G, Zhu D, Kim SW, Yin Y. Effects of different levels of methionine on sow health and plasma metabolomics during late gestation. Food Funct 2019; 9:4979-4988. [PMID: 30187897 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01477a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth, survival, and development are benchmarks for the production performance of sows, and methionine has been shown to impact fetal protein mass and the transport of nutrients through the uteroplacental vasculature. This study evaluated the effects of dietary methionine, administered during the late gestation period, on the production performance of sows. Specifically, it measured the effect of methionine on biochemical indicators in the plasma, plasma metabolites, and fecal bacterial communities. Thirty Landrace × Large White sows at day 90 of gestation were randomly assigned to three groups and fed the following diets: (1) a basal diet containing 0.36% methionine; (2) a basal diet + 0.12% methionine (0.48% methionine); and (3) a basal diet + 0.24% methionine (0.60% methionine). The results showed that the 0.48% methionine diet significantly (P < 0.05) increased piglets' birth weight, and the 0.60% methionine diet significantly (P < 0.05) improved the survival ratio. Dietary methionine lowered the triglyceride (TG) levels (P < 0.05), total bilirubin (BILT3) (P < 0.001) concentration, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P < 0.05) enzyme activity in the plasma at farrowing. In the plasma metabolomics, dietary methionine increased plasma pyroglutamic acid and decreased 2-pyrrolidinone, hypotaurine, and anyl-histidine in both the 0.48% methionine and 0.60% methionine groups. In addition, the bacteria richness (Chao1 and ACE) and diversity (Shannon) were reduced in the 0.48% methionine group. For the microbiota composition, at the family level, the 0.48% methionine group had a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the relative abundance of Methanobacteriaceae compared to the other two groups, but a decrease in the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae compared to the 0.60% methionine group. In conclusion, a diet consisting of 0.48% methionine administered during the late gestation period can improve the production performance of sows and maintain their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bin
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
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12
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Baseggio Conrado A, Maina S, Moseley H, Francioso A, Mosca L, Capuozzo E, Fontana M. Carbonate Anion Radical Generated by the Peroxidase Activity of Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase: Scavenging of Radical and Protection of Enzyme by Hypotaurine and Cysteine Sulfinic Acid. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 1:551-561. [PMID: 28849481 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) is considered one of the most important mammalian antioxidant defenses and plays a relevant role due to its main function in catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide anion to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. However, interaction between SOD and H2O2 produced a strong copper-bound oxidant (Cu(II)•OH) that seems able to contrast the self-inactivation of the enzyme or oxidize other molecules through its peroxidase activity. The bicarbonate presence enhances the peroxidase activity and produces the carbonate anion radical (CO3•-). CO3•- is a freely diffusible reactive species capable of oxidizing several molecules that are unwieldy to access into the reactive site of the enzyme. Cu(II)•OH oxidizes bicarbonate to the CO3•-, which spreads out of the binding site and oxidizes hypotaurine and cysteine sulfinic acid to the respective sulfonates through an efficient reaction. These findings suggest a defense role for sulfinates against the damage caused by CO3•- . The effect of hypotaurine and cysteine sulfinic acid on the CO3•--mediated oxidation of the peroxidase probe ABTS to ABTS cation radical (ABTS•+) has been studied. Both sulfinates are able to inhibit the oxidation of ABTS mediated by CO3•-. The effect of hypotaurine and cysteine sulfinic acid against SOD inactivation by H2O2 (~42% protection of enzyme activity) has also been investigated. Interestingly, hypotaurine and cysteine sulfinic acid partially avoid the H2O2-mediated SOD inactivation, suggesting that the two sulfinates may have access to the SOD reactive site and preserve it by reacting with the copper-bound oxidant. In this way hypotaurine and cysteine sulfinic acid not only intercept CO3•- which could move out from the reactive site and cause oxidative damage, but also prevents the inactivation of SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Baseggio Conrado
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy.
- Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and School of Mecine, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Simonetta Maina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Harry Moseley
- Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and School of Mecine, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Antonio Francioso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Capuozzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Fontana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
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Baseggio Conrado A, D'Angelantonio M, D'Erme M, Pecci L, Fontana M. The Interaction of Hypotaurine and Other Sulfinates with Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species: A Survey of Reaction Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 1:573-583. [PMID: 28849483 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Considerable strides have been made in understanding the oxidative mechanisms involved in the final steps of the cysteine pathway leading to taurine. The oxidation of sulfinates, hypotaurine and cysteine sulfinic acid, to the respective sulfonates, taurine and cysteic acid, has never been associated with any specific enzyme. Conversely, there is strong evidence that in vivo formation of taurine and cysteic acid is the result of sulfinate interaction with a variety of biologically relevant oxidants. In the last decade, many experiments have been performed to understand whether peroxynitrite, nitrogen dioxide and carbonate radical anion could be included in the biologically relevant reactive species capable of oxidizing sulfinates. Thanks to this work, it has been possible to highlight two possible reaction mechanisms (direct and indirect reaction) of sulfinates with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.The sulfinates oxidation, mediated by peroxynitrite, is an example of both reaction mechanisms: through a two-electron-direct-reaction with peroxynitrite or through a one-electron-indirect-transfer reaction. In the indirect mechanism, the peroxynitrite homolysis releases hydroxyl and nitrogen dioxide radical and in addition the degradation of short-lived adduct formed by peroxynitrite and CO2 can generate carbonate radical anion. The reaction of hypotaurine and cysteine sulfinic acid with peroxynitrite-derived radicals is accompanied by extensive oxygen uptake with the generation of transient intermediates, which can begin a reaction by an oxygen-dependent mechanism with the sulfonates, taurine, and cysteic acid as final products. Due to pulse radiolysis studies, it has been shown that transient sulfonyl radicals (RSO2•) have been produced during the oxidation of both sulfinates by one-electron transfer reaction.The purpose is to analyze all the aspects of the reactive mechanism in the sulfinic group oxidation of hypotaurine and cysteine sulfinic acid through the results obtained from our laboratory in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Baseggio Conrado
- Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and School of Medicine, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Mila D'Angelantonio
- ISOF-Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività CNR, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria D'Erme
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pecci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Fontana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy.
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Pilot Metabolome-Wide Association Study of Benzo(a)pyrene in Serum From Military Personnel. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 58:S44-52. [PMID: 27501104 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A pilot study was conducted to test the feasibility of using Department of Defense Serum Repository (DoDSR) samples to study health and exposure-related effects. METHODS Thirty unidentified human serum samples were obtained from the DoDSR and analyzed for normal serum metabolites with high-resolution mass spectrometry and serum levels of free benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolic associations with BaP were determined using a metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) and metabolic pathway enrichment. RESULTS The serum analysis detected normal ranges of glucose, selected amino acids, fatty acids, and creatinine. Free BaP was detected in a broad concentration range. MWAS of BaP showed associations with lipids, fatty acids, and sulfur amino acid metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION The results show that the DoDSR samples are of sufficient quality for chemical profiling of DoD personnel.
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15
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Tian Y, Wang Z, Liu X, Duan J, Feng G, Yin Y, Gu J, Chen Z, Gao S, Bai H, Wan R, Jiang J, Liu J, Zhang C, Wang D, Han J, Zhang X, Cai L, He J, Wang J. Prediction of Chemotherapeutic Efficacy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Serum Metabolomic Profiling. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2100-2109. [PMID: 29437793 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: No validated biomarkers that could identify the subset of patients with lung adenocarcinoma who might benefit from chemotherapy have yet been well established. This study aimed to explore potential biomarker model predictive of efficacy and survival outcomes after first-line pemetrexed plus platinum doublet based on metabolomics profiling.Experimental Design: In total, 354 consecutive eligible patients were assigned to receive first-line chemotherapy of pemetrexed in combination with either cisplatin or carboplatin. Prospectively collected serum samples before initial treatment were utilized to perform metabolomics profiling analyses under the application of LC/MS-MS. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to establish discrimination models.Results: There were 251 cases randomly sorted into discovery set, the rest of 103 cases into validation set. Seven metabolites including hypotaurine, uridine, dodecanoylcarnitine, choline, dimethylglycine, niacinamide, and l-palmitoylcarnitine were identified associated with chemo response. On the basis of the seven-metabolite panel, a discriminant model according to logistic regression values g(z) was established with the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.912 (Discovery set) and 0.909 (Validation set) in differentiating progressive disease (PD) groups from disease control (DC) groups. The median progression-free survival (PFS) after chemotherapy in patients with g(z) ≤0.155 was significantly longer than that in those with g(z) > 0.155 (10.3 vs.4.5 months, P < 0.001).Conclusions: This study developed an effective and convenient discriminant model that can accurately predict the efficacy and survival outcomes of pemetrexed plus platinum doublet chemotherapy prior to treatment delivery. Clin Cancer Res; 24(9); 2100-9. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianchun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshuang Feng
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Evidence-based Medicine Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Department of GI Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoli Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiefei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Zhang ZH, Wei F, Vaziri ND, Cheng XL, Bai X, Lin RC, Zhao YY. Metabolomics insights into chronic kidney disease and modulatory effect of rhubarb against tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14472. [PMID: 26412413 PMCID: PMC4585987 DOI: 10.1038/srep14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. Rhubarb has been shown to have nephroprotective and anti-fibrotic activities in patients with CKD. However, bioactive fractions and biochemical mechanism of anti-fibrotic properties of rhubarb remain unclear. Here we applied ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry together with univariate and multivariate statistical analyses to investigate the urinary metabolite profile in rats with adenine-induced CKD treated with the petroleum ether (PE)-, ethyl acetate (EA)- and n-butanol (BU)- extracts of rhubarb. Significant differences in renal function, kidney histopathology as well as metabolic profiles were observed between CKD and control rats. Changes in these parameters reflected characteristic phenotypes of CKD rats. We further identified a series of differential urinary metabolites for CKD rats, suggesting metabolic dysfunction in pathway of amino acid, purine, taurine, and choline metabolisms. Treatment with EA, BU and PE extracts of rhubarb improved renal function and histopathological abnormalities including interstitial fibrosis and inflammation, and either fully or partially reversed the abnormalities of the urinary metabolites. Among them, the nephroprotective effect of EA extract was stronger than BU and PE extracts. This work provides important mechanistic insights into the CKD and nephroprotective effects of different rhubarb extract against tubulo-interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Zhang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Feng Wei
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, MedSci 1, C352, UCI Campus, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Xian-Long Cheng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xu Bai
- Solution Centre, Waters Technologies (Shanghai) Ltd., No. 1000 Jinhai Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui-Chao Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, MedSci 1, C352, UCI Campus, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
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17
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A metabolomics approach to stratify patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus into excess or deficiency syndromes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:350703. [PMID: 25667595 PMCID: PMC4312632 DOI: 10.1155/2015/350703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes continuously increases globally. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can stratify the diabetic patients based on their different TCM syndromes and, thus, allow a personalized treatment. Metabolomics is able to provide metabolite biomarkers for disease subtypes. In this study, we applied a metabolomics approach using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry system to characterize the metabolic alterations of different TCM syndromes including excess and deficiency in patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM). We obtained a snapshot of the distinct metabolic changes of DM patients with different TCM syndromes. DM patients with excess syndrome have higher serum 2-indolecarboxylic acid, hypotaurine, pipecolic acid, and progesterone in comparison to those patients with deficiency syndrome. The excess patients have more oxidative stress as demonstrated by unique metabolite signatures than the deficiency subjects. The results provide an improved understanding of the systemic alteration of metabolites in different syndromes of DM. The identified serum metabolites may be of clinical relevance for subtyping of diabetic patients, leading to a personalized DM treatment.
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Capuozzo E, Baseggio Conrado A, Fontana M. Thiotaurine modulates human neutrophil activation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:145-55. [PMID: 25833495 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Capuozzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy,
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Baseggio Conrado A, Pecci L, Capuozzo E, Fontana M. Oxidation of Hypotaurine and Cysteine Sulfinic Acid by Peroxidase-generated Reactive Species. TAURINE 9 2015; 803:41-51. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Baseggio Conrado A, D'Angelantonio M, Torreggiani A, Pecci L, Fontana M. Reactivity of hypotaurine and cysteine sulfinic acid toward carbonate radical anion and nitrogen dioxide as explored by the peroxidase activity of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase and by pulse radiolysis. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1300-10. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.951839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Reyes-Haro D, Cabrera-Ruíz E, Estrada-Mondragón A, Miledi R, Martínez-Torres A. Modulation of GABA-A receptors of astrocytes and STC-1 cells by taurine structural analogs. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2587-93. [PMID: 25119985 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Taurine activates and modulates GABA receptors in vivo as well as those expressed in heterologous systems. This study aimed to determine whether the structural analogs of taurine: homotaurine and hypotaurine, have the ability to activate GABA-A receptors that include GABAρ subunits. The expression of GABA-A receptors containing GABAρ has been reported in the STC-1 cells and astrocytes. In both cell types, taurine, homo-, and hypotaurine gated with low efficiency a picrotoxin-sensitive GABA-A receptor. The known bimodal modulatory effect of taurine on GABAρ receptors was not observed; however, differences between the activation and deactivation rates were detected when they were perfused together with GABA. In silico docking simulations suggested that taurine, hypo-, and homotaurine do not form a cation-π interaction such as that generated by GABA in the agonist-binding site of GABAρ. This observation complements the electrophysiological data suggesting that taurine and its analogs act as partial agonists of GABA-A receptors. All the observations above suggest that the structural analogs of taurine are partial agonists of GABA-A receptors that occupy the agonist-binding site, but their structures do not allow the proper interaction with the receptor to fully gate its Cl(-) channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Reyes-Haro
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, CP 76230, Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
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22
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Kuzmina VV, Gavrovskaya LK, Ryzhova OV. Taurine. Effect on exotrophia and metabolism in mammals and fish. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093010010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Fontana M, Giovannitti F, Pecci L. The protective effect of hypotaurine and cysteine sulphinic acid on peroxynitrite-mediated oxidative reactions. Free Radic Res 2009; 42:320-30. [DOI: 10.1080/10715760801999727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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24
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Erdamar H, Türközkan N, Balabanli B, Ozan G, Bircan FS. The relationship between taurine and 3-nitrotyrosine level of hepatocytes in experimental endotoxemia. Neurochem Res 2007; 32:1965-8. [PMID: 17570060 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-007-9395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that taurine may function as an oxidant in a dose-dependent manner in vivo and in vitro. The present study was carried out to investigate the relationship between taurine concentration and 3-nitrotyrosine level, a stable marker of peroxynitrite action, in hepatocytes of guinea pig in endotoxemia before and after taurine administration. The levels of taurine and 3-nitrotyrosine were measured by HPLC method. In the present study, taurine was low concentration in hepatocytes exposed to endotoxemia. In taurine plus endotoxin treated animals, HPLC analysis showed higher taurine level compared with animals only supplemented with taurine. But 3-nitrotyrosine levels were same in both taurine alone and taurine plus endotoxin groups. In conclusion, taurine is able to prevent the damaging effect of peroxynitrite, at concentration measured in hepatocytes, in our experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüsamettin Erdamar
- Department of Biochemistry, Beytepe Military Hospital, Incek, Ankara, Turkey.
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25
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Fontana M, Duprè S, Pecci L. The reactivity of hypotaurine and cysteine sulfinic acid with peroxynitrite. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 583:15-24. [PMID: 17153585 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-33504-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fontana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy.
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26
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Fontana M, Amendola D, Orsini E, Boffi A, Pecci L. Oxidation of hypotaurine and cysteine sulphinic acid by peroxynitrite. Biochem J 2005; 389:233-40. [PMID: 15740460 PMCID: PMC1184556 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite mediates the oxidation of the sulphinic group of both HTAU (hypotaurine) and CSA (cysteine sulphinic acid), producing the respective sulphonates, TAU (taurine) and CA (cysteic acid). The reaction is associated with extensive oxygen uptake, suggesting that HTAU and CSA are oxidized by the one-electron transfer mechanism to sulphonyl radicals, which may initiate an oxygen-dependent radical chain reaction with the sulphonates as final products. Besides the one-electron mechanism, HTAU and CSA can be oxidized by the two-electron pathway, leading directly to sulphonate formation without oxygen consumption. The apparent second-order rate constants for the direct reaction of peroxynitrite with HTAU and CSA at pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C are 77.4+/-5 and 76.4+/-9 M(-1).s(-1) respectively. For both sulphinates, the apparent second-order rate constants increase sharply with decrease in pH, and the sigmoidal curves obtained are consistent with peroxynitrous acid as the species responsible for sulphinate oxidation. The kinetic data, together with changes in oxygen uptake, sulphinate depletion, sulphonate production, and product distribution of nitrite and nitrate, suggest that oxidation of sulphinates by peroxynitrite may take place by the two reaction pathways whose relative importance depends on reagent concentrations and pH value. In the presence of bicarbonate, the direct reaction of sulphinates with peroxynitrite is inhibited and the oxidative reaction probably involves only the radicals *NO2 and CO3*-, generated by decomposition of the peroxynitrite-CO2 adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology of CNR, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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