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Sachdeva A, Dhawan D, Jain GK, Yerer MB, Collignon TE, Tewari D, Bishayee A. Novel Strategies for the Bioavailability Augmentation and Efficacy Improvement of Natural Products in Oral Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010268. [PMID: 36612264 PMCID: PMC9818473 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is emerging as a major cause of mortality globally. Oral cancer occupies a significant proportion of the head and neck, including the cheeks, tongue, and oral cavity. Conventional methods in the treatment of cancer involve surgery, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, and these have not proven to completely eradicate cancerous cells, may lead to the reoccurrence of oral cancer, and possess numerous adverse side effects. Advancements in novel drug delivery approaches have gained popularity in cancer management with an increase in the number of cases associated with oral cancer. Natural products are potent sources for drug discovery, especially for anticancer drugs. Natural product delivery has major challenges due to its low solubility, poor absorption, inappropriate size, instability, poor permeation, and first-pass metabolism. Therefore, it is of prime importance to investigate novel treatment approaches for the delivery of bioactive natural products. Nanotechnology is an advanced method of delivering cancer therapy with minimal damage to normal cells while targeting cancer cells. Therefore, the present review elaborates on the advancements in novel strategies for natural product delivery that lead to the significant enhancement of bioavailability, in vivo activity, and fewer adverse events for the prevention and treatment of oral cancer. Various approaches to accomplish the desired results involve size reduction, surface property modification, and polymer attachment, which collectively result in the higher stability of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Sachdeva
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Dimple Dhawan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Gaurav K. Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
- Center for Advanced Formulation Development, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | - Mükerrem Betül Yerer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Taylor E. Collignon
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110 017, India
- Correspondence: or (D.T.); or (A.B.)
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
- Correspondence: or (D.T.); or (A.B.)
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Hoffmann L, Breitkreutz J, Quodbach J. Hot-Melt Extrusion of the Thermo-Sensitive Peptidomimetic Drug Enalapril Maleate. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102091. [PMID: 36297525 PMCID: PMC9608079 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was the production of extrudates for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure and the investigation of the degradation of the peptidomimetic drug enalapril maleate (EM) during hot-melt extrusion (HME). A fast HPLC method was developed to quantify enalapril maleate and possible degradation products. Screening experiments revealed that the diketopiperazine derivative (Impurity D) was the main degradation product. Hot-melt extrusion of enalapril maleate with the polymer Soluplus® enabled extrusion at 100 °C, whereas a formulation with the polymer Eudragit® E PO could be extruded at only 70 °C. Extrusion at 70 °C prevented thermal degradation. A stabilizing molecular interaction between enalapril maleate and Eudragit® E PO was identified via FT-IR spectroscopy. Dissolution studies were carried out to study the influence of the formulation on the dissolution behavior of enalapril maleate. These promising results can be transferred to other thermo-sensitive and peptidomimetic drugs to produce extrudates which can be used, for instance, as feedstock material for the production of patient-specific dosage forms via Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Quodbach
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-6-289-10-810
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Tsiaxerli A, Karagianni A, Ouranidis A, Kachrimanis K. Polyelectrolyte Matrices in the Modulation of Intermolecular Electrostatic Interactions for Amorphous Solid Dispersions: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091467. [PMID: 34575543 PMCID: PMC8468962 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte polymers have been widely used in the pharmaceutical field as excipients to facilitate various drug delivery systems. Polyelectrolytes have been used to modulate the electrostatic environment and enhance favorable interactions between the drug and the polymer in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) prepared mainly by hot-melt extrusion. Polyelectrolytes have been used alone, or in combination with nonionic polymers as interpolyelectrolyte complexes, or after the addition of small molecular additives. They were found to enhance physical stability by favoring stabilizing intermolecular interactions, as well as to exert an antiplasticizing effect. Moreover, they not only enhance drug dissolution, but they have also been used for maintaining supersaturation, especially in the case of weakly basic drugs that tend to precipitate in the intestine. Additional uses include controlled and/or targeted drug release with enhanced physical stability and ease of preparation via novel continuous processes. Polyelectrolyte matrices, used along with scalable manufacturing methods in accordance with green chemistry principles, emerge as an attractive viable alternative for the preparation of ASDs with improved physical stability and biopharmaceutic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Tsiaxerli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (A.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Anna Karagianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (A.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Andreas Ouranidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (A.K.); (A.O.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (A.K.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-997666
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Jin Y, Wang H, Yi K, Lv S, Hu H, Li M, Tao Y. Applications of Nanobiomaterials in the Therapy and Imaging of Acute Liver Failure. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 13:25. [PMID: 34138224 PMCID: PMC8187515 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the therapeutic mechanisms, targeting strategies of various nanomaterials in acute liver failure, and recent advances of diverse nanomaterials for acute liver failure therapy, diagnosis, and imaging. This review provides an outlook on the applications of nanomaterials, especially on the new horizons in acute liver failure therapy, and inspires broader interests across various disciplines. Acute liver failure (ALF), a fatal clinical disease featured with overwhelming hepatocyte necrosis, is a grand challenge in global health. However, a satisfactory therapeutic option for curing ALF is still absent, other than liver transplantation. Nanobiomaterials are currently being developed for the diagnosis and treatment of ALF. The liver can sequester most of nanoparticles from blood circulation, which becomes an intrinsic superiority for nanobiomaterials targeting hepatic diseases. Nanobiomaterials can enhance the bioavailability of free drugs, thereby significantly improving the therapeutic effects in ALF. Nanobiomaterials can also increase the liver accumulation of therapeutic agents and enable more effective targeting of the liver or specific liver cells. In addition, stimuli-responsive, optical, or magnetic nanomaterials exhibit great potential in the therapeutical, diagnostic, and imaging applications in ALF. Therefore, therapeutic agents in combination with nanobiomaterials increase the specificity of ALF therapy, diminish adverse systemic effects, and offer a multifunctional theranostic platform. Nanobiomaterial holds excellent significance and prospects in ALF theranostics. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic mechanisms and targeting strategies of various nanobiomaterials in ALF. We highlight recent developments of diverse nanomedicines for ALF therapy, diagnosis, and imaging. Furthermore, the challenges and future perspectives in the theranostics of ALF are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jin
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Yi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixian Lv
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hanze Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.
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Kasekar NM, Singh S, Jadhav K, Kadam V. Polymeric Nanoparticles: A Promising Tool to Enhance the Solubility of Poorly Water Soluble Drug. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666190610125127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
The objective of this study was to entrap water-insoluble drug itraconazole
into polymer to form drug entrapped nanoparticles by using simple formulation strategy and characterize
them for various in vitro properties.
Method:
Itraconazole (ITZ) encapsulated Eudragit E 100 nanoparticles (IEENs) were formulated by
emulsification solvent evaporation technique.
Results:
Developed IEENs were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity
index, and drug release profile. It was clear that drug polymer ratio along with homogenization
speed are the factors affecting droplet size of an emulsion. Evaluation was done by HPLC at
263nm. DSC, XRD studies were carried out. The in vitro antifungal study of nanoparticles suggested
that they are more effective in inhibiting growth of Candida albicans.
Conclusion:
The results from this study suggest the potential use of IEENs to provide a possible
way of improving solubility and thus oral absorption of Itraconazole. Thus the study concluded that
IEENs have potential to effectively treat the fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal M. Kasekar
- Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, C.B.D., Belapur, Sector-8, Navi Mumbai-400614, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh
- Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, C.B.D., Belapur, Sector-8, Navi Mumbai-400614, India
| | - K.R. Jadhav
- Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, C.B.D., Belapur, Sector-8, Navi Mumbai-400614, India
| | - V.J. Kadam
- Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, C.B.D., Belapur, Sector-8, Navi Mumbai-400614, India
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Tyagi N, Song YH, De R. Recent progress on biocompatible nanocarrier-based genistein delivery systems in cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2018; 27:394-407. [PMID: 30124078 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1514040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diets with naturally occuring chemopreventive agents are showing good potentials in serving dual purposes: firstly, for maintaining health, and secondly, for emerging as most puissant cost-effective strategy against chronic diseases like cancer. Genistein, one of the active soy isoflavone, is gaining attention due to its ability to impede carcinogenic processes by regulating wide range of associated molecules and signalling mechanisms. Epidemiologic and preclinical evidences suggest that sufficient consumption of soy-based food having genistein can be correlated to the reduction of cancer risk. However, certain adverse effects like poor oral bioavailability, low aqueous solubility and inefficient pharmacokinetics have pushed it down in the list of phytoconstituents currently undergoing successful clinical trials. In order to maximise the utilisation of therapeutic benefits of this phytoestrogen, suitable drug carrier designs are required. Recently, nanocarriers, mainly composed of polymeric materials, are progressively and innovatively exploited with the aim to improve pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of genistein. Here, we have briefly reviewed (a) the targeted molecular mechanisms of geinstein, (b) nanopolymeric approaches opted so far in designing carriers and (c) the reasons behind their restricted clinical applications. Finally, some mechanism-based approaches are proposed presenting genistein as the future paradigm in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Tyagi
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Yo Han Song
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Ranjit De
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
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Sadia M, Isreb A, Abbadi I, Isreb M, Aziz D, Selo A, Timmins P, Alhnan MA. From 'fixed dose combinations' to 'a dynamic dose combiner': 3D printed bi-layer antihypertensive tablets. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 123:484-494. [PMID: 30041029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is an increased evidence for treating hypertension by a combination of two or more drugs. Increasing the number of daily intake of tablets has been reported to negatively affect the compliance of patients. Therefore, numerous fixed dose combinations (FDCs) have been introduced to the market. However, the inherent rigid nature of FDCs does not allow the titration of the dose of each single component for an individual patient's needs. In this work, flexible dose combinations of two anti-hypertensive drugs in a single bilayer tablet with a range of doses were fabricated using dual fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printer. Enalapril maleate (EM) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) loaded filaments were produced via hot-melt extrusion (HME). Computer software was utilised to design sets of oval bi-layer tablets of individualised doses. Thermal analysis and x-ray diffractometer (XRD) indicated that HCT remained crystalline in the polymeric matrix whilst EM appeared to be in an amorphous form. The interaction between anionic EM and cationic methacrylate polymer may have contributed to a drop in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the filament and obviated the need for a plasticiser. Across all tablet sets, the methacrylate polymeric matrix provided immediate drug release profiles. This dynamic dosing system maintained the advantages of FDCs while providing a superior flexibility of dosing range, hence offering an optimal clinical solution to hypertension therapy in a patient-centric healthcare service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzna Sadia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Abdullah Isreb
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Ibrahim Abbadi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Mohammad Isreb
- School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, UK
| | - David Aziz
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
| | - Amjad Selo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter Timmins
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Mohamed A Alhnan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK.
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Melt extrusion with poorly soluble drugs - An integrated review. Int J Pharm 2017; 535:68-85. [PMID: 29102700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, hot melt extrusion (HME) has emerged as a successful technology for a broad spectrum of applications in the pharmaceutical industry. As indicated by multiple publications and patents, HME is mainly used for the enhancement of solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. This review is focused on the recent reports on the solubility enhancement via HME and provides an update for the manufacturing/scaling up aspects of melt extrusion. In addition, drug characterization methods and dissolution studies are discussed. The application of process analytical technology (PAT) tools and use of HME as a continuous manufacturing process may shorten the drug development process; as a result, the latter is becoming the most widely utilized technique in the pharmaceutical industry. The advantages, disadvantages, and practical applications of various PAT tools such as near and mid-infrared, ultraviolet/visible, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopies are summarized, and the characteristics of other techniques are briefly discussed. Overall, this review also provides an outline for the currently marketed products and analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of HME application in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Pradhan R, Kim SY, Yong CS, Kim JO. Preparation and characterization of spray-dried valsartan-loaded Eudragit® E PO solid dispersion microparticles. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Chaurasia S, Chaubey P, Patel RR, Kumar N, Mishra B. Curcumin-polymeric nanoparticles against colon-26 tumor-bearing mice: cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetic and anticancer efficacy studies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:694-700. [PMID: 26165247 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1064941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Curcumin (CUR), can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of tumor cells, its extreme insolubility and limited bioavailability restricted its clinical application. OBJECTIVE An innovative polymeric nanoparticle of CUR has been developed to enhance the bioavailability and anti-cancer efficacy of CUR, in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cationic copolymer Eudragit E 100 was selected as carrier, which can enhance properties of poor bioavailable chemotherapeutic drugs (CUR). The CUR-loaded Eudragit E 100 nanoparticles (CENPs) were prepared by emulsification-diffusion-evaporation method. The in vitro cytotoxicity study of CENPs was carried out using sulphorhodamine B assay. Pharmacokinetic and anti-cancer efficacy of CENPs was investigated in Wister rats as well as colon-26 tumor-bearing mice after oral administration. RESULTS CENPs showed acceptable particle size and percent entrapment efficiency. In vitro cytotoxicity studies in terms of 50% cell growth inhibition values demonstrated ∼19-fold reduction when treated with CENPs as compared to pure CUR. ∼91-fold increase in Cmax and ∼95-fold increase in AUC0-12h were observed indicating a significant enhancement in the oral bioavailability of CUR when orally administered as CENPs compared to pure CUR. The in vivo anti-cancer study performed with CENPs showed a significant increase in efficacy compared with pure CUR, as observed by tumor volume, body weight and survival rate. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly indicate that the developed polymeric nanoparticles offer a great potential to improve bioavailability and anticancer efficacy of hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Chaurasia
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Pramila Chaubey
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Ravi R Patel
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Nagendra Kumar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Brahmeshwar Mishra
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) , Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh , India
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Gohulkumar M, Gurushankar K, Rajendra Prasad N, Krishnakumar N. Enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis-induced anticancer effect of silibinin-loaded nanoparticles in oral carcinoma (KB) cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 41:274-82. [PMID: 24907761 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Silibinin (SIL) is a plant derived flavonoid isolated from the fruits and seeds of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Silibinin possesses a wide variety of biological applications including anticancer activities but poor aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability limit its potential and efficacy at the tumor sites. In the present study, silibinin was encapsulated in Eudragit® E (EE) nanoparticles in the presence of stabilizing agent polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and its anticancer efficacy in oral carcinoma (KB) cells was studied. Silibinin loaded nanoparticles (SILNPs) were prepared by nanoprecipitation technique and characterized in terms of size distribution, morphology, surface charge, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release. MTT assay revealed higher cytotoxic efficacy of SILNPs than free SIL in KB cells. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species (ROS) determination revealed the significantly higher intracellular ROS levels in SILNPs treated cells compared to free SIL treated cells. Therefore, the differential cytotoxicity between SILNPs and SIL may be mediated by the discrepancy of intracellular ROS levels. Moreover, acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) dual staining and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) confirmed the induction of apoptosis with nanoparticle treatment. Further, the extent of DNA damage (evaluated by comet assay) was significantly increased in SILNPs than free SIL in KB cells. Taken together, the present study suggests that silibinin-loaded nanoparticles can be used as an effective drug delivery system to produce a better chemopreventive response for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gohulkumar
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Gurushankar
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - N Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - N Krishnakumar
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
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Enhanced intestinal permeability and oral bioavailability of enalapril maleate upon complexation with the cationic polymethacrylate Eudragit E100. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 55:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lang B, McGinity JW, Williams RO. Hot-melt extrusion – basic principles and pharmaceutical applications. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 40:1133-55. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.838577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Advances in simultaneous DSC-FTIR microspectroscopy for rapid solid-state chemical stability studies: some dipeptide drugs as examples. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:461-78. [PMID: 22300653 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The solid-state chemistry of drugs has seen growing importance in the pharmaceutical industry for the development of useful API (active pharmaceutical ingredients) of drugs and stable dosage forms. The stability of drugs in various solid dosage forms is an important issue because solid dosage forms are the most common pharmaceutical formulation in clinical use. In solid-state stability studies of drugs, an ideal accelerated method must not only be selected by different complicated methods, but must also detect the formation of degraded product. In this review article, an analytical technique combining differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared (DSC-FTIR) microspectroscopy simulates the accelerated stability test, and simultaneously detects the decomposed products in real time. The pharmaceutical dipeptides aspartame hemihydrate, lisinopril dihydrate, and enalapril maleate either with or without Eudragit E were used as testing examples. This one-step simultaneous DSC-FTIR technique for real-time detection of diketopiperazine (DKP) directly evidenced the dehydration process and DKP formation as an impurity common in pharmaceutical dipeptides. DKP formation in various dipeptides determined by different analytical methods had been collected and compiled. Although many analytical methods have been applied, the combined DSC-FTIR technique is an easy and fast analytical method which not only can simulate the accelerated drug stability testing but also at the same time enable to explore phase transformation as well as degradation due to thermal-related reactions. This technique offers quick and proper interpretations.
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Tang J, Xu N, Ji H, Liu H, Wang Z, Wu L. Eudragit nanoparticles containing genistein: formulation, development, and bioavailability assessment. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2429-35. [PMID: 22072878 PMCID: PMC3205137 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genistein, one of the major isoflavones, has received great attention as a phytoestrogen and potential cancer chemoprevention agent. However, the dissolution and bioavailability of genistein from solid oral preparations is low due to its poor water solubility. METHODS In order to improve the oral bioavailability of genistein, genistein nanoparticles were prepared by the nanoprecipitation technique using Eudragit(®) E100 as carriers and an optimized formulation of mass ratio (genistein:Eudragit E100, 1:10). The mean particle size of genistein nanoparticles was approximately 120 nm when diluted 100 times with distilled water. The drug-loaded nanoparticles were spherical on observation by transmission electric microscopy. RESULTS Encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of the genistein nanoparticles were approximately 50.61% and 5.02%, respectively. Release of drug from the genistein nanoparticles was two times greater than that from the conventional capsules. After administration of genistein suspension or genistein nanoparticles at a single dose of 100 mg/kg to fasted rats, the relative bioavailability of genistein from the nanoparticles compared with the reference suspension was 241.8%. CONCLUSION These results suggested that a nanoparticle system is a potentially promising formulation for the efficient delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs by oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Krishnakumar N, Sulfikkarali N, RajendraPrasad N, Karthikeyan S. Enhanced anticancer activity of naringenin-loaded nanoparticles in human cervical (HeLa) cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Zoppi A, Garnero C, Linck YG, Chattah AK, Monti GA, Longhi MR. Enalapril:β-CD complex: Stability enhancement in solid state. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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DSC-FTIR microspectroscopy used to investigate the heat-induced intramolecular cyclic anhydride formation between Eudragit E and PVA copolymer. Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2011.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Cheng WT, Wang SL, Lin SY. Thermal FT-IRmicrospectroscopy for rapid detection of solid-state ion-exchange reaction between metoclopramide HCl monohydrate and potassium bromide. Analyst 2011; 136:1036-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00570c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Joshi BK, Ramsey B, Johnson B, Patterson DE, Powers J, Facchine KL, Osterhout M, Leblanc MP, Bryant-Mills R, Copley RC, Sides SL. Elucidating the Pathways of Degradation of Denagliptin. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:3030-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Naringenin-loaded nanoparticles improve the physicochemical properties and the hepatoprotective effects of naringenin in orally-administered rats with CCl(4)-induced acute liver failure. Pharm Res 2008; 26:893-902. [PMID: 19034626 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A novel naringenin-loaded nanoparticles system (NARN) was developed to resolve the restricted bioavailability of naringenin (NAR) and to enhance its hepatoprotective effects in vivo on oral administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Physicochemical characterizations of NARN included assessment of particle size and morphology, powder X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and dissolution study. In addition, to evaluate its bioactivities and its oral treatment potential against liver injuries, we compared the hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects of NARN and NAR on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. RESULTS NARN had a significantly higher release rate than NAR and improved its solubility. NARN also exhibited more liver-protective effects compared to NAR with considerable reduction in liver function index and lipid peroxidation, in conjunction to a substantial increase in the levels of the antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05). Moreover, NARN was able to significantly inhibit the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 signaling, whereas NAR only markedly inhibited caspase-3 and -9 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION NARN effectively improved the release of NAR which resulted in more hepatoprotective effects mediated by its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. These observations also suggest that nanoformulation can improve the free drug's bioactivity on oral administration.
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Specific binding capacity of beta-cyclodextrin with cis and trans enalapril: physicochemical characterization and structural studies by molecular modeling. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:8403-12. [PMID: 18771929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to study an inclusion complex between enalapril (ENA), and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD). From nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) we determined that the complex showed a 1:1 stoichiometry, with an apparent formation constant (K(C)) of 439 and 290 M(-1) for the cis and trans isomers, respectively. The molecular modeling and NMR techniques demonstrated that the aromatic moiety of ENA was inserted into the hydrophobic cavity of beta-CD. When studying the chemical stability of ENA complexed to beta-CD, a clear stabilizing effect was observed in both the aqueous solution and solid state.
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Cheng WT, Lin SY. Processes of dehydration and rehydration of raffinose pentahydrate investigated by thermal analysis and FT-IR/DSC microscopic system. Carbohydr Polym 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lin SY, Hsieh TF, Wei YS, Li MJ. Mechanical compression affecting the thermal-induced conformational stability and denaturation temperature of human fibrinogen. Int J Biol Macromol 2005; 37:127-33. [PMID: 16257049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Revised: 09/26/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thermal-induced conformational stability and changes in denaturation temperature of human fibrinogen (FBG) after different mechanical compressions were investigated by a simultaneous Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy equipped with thermal analyzer (thermal FTIR microscopic system). The confocal Raman microspectroscopy was also applied to determine the thermal reversibility of solid FBG. FBG powder was pressed on one KBr pellet (1 KBr method) or sealed within two KBr pellets (2 KBr method) by different mechanical compressions. The result indicates that there was no marked difference in the thermal behavior for the solid FBG samples prepared by 1 KBr method in the heating process even under different mechanical compression pressures, in which the thermal-induced denaturation temperatures from native to denatured state were maintained constant at 66-67 degrees C. However, the denaturation temperature for the solid FBG samples prepared by 2 KBr method was shifted from 55 to 62 degrees C with the increase of mechanical compression pressure. A good linear correlation was also found between the denaturation temperature and mechanical compression pressure for FBG samples prepared by 2 KBr method. The solid FBG sample, whether prepared by 1 KBr or 2 KBr method, was also found to show the thermal-irreversible property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yang Lin
- Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Shih-Pai, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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