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Romanos M, Berg G, Brauer A, Jung M, Klein M, Kölch M, Schepker R. [How can we ensure the future care for children and adolescents with mental disorders?]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2024; 67:482-489. [PMID: 38502362 PMCID: PMC10994988 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-024-03858-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The interdisciplinary care of children and adolescents with mental disorders requires services from various German codes of social law and-within the medical care system-enclosing inpatient and outpatient services. The increasing demand, the increase in severity of disorders, and the general shortage of staff in social services put pressure on the structures of the interdisciplinary service networks resulting in long waiting periods, long distances, and regionally insufficient care. The medical field of child and adolescent psychiatry and psychotherapy (CAPP) plays the central and coordinating role within the cooperative care for children and adolescents with mental disorders. The CAPP is in clear need of reforms; however, these are markedly different from the reform needs of the German somatic medical care system and differ substantially from those of the (adult) psychiatry, psychotherapy, and psychosomatics disciplines. This discussion paper describes the reform requirements, the specifics of the CAPP structures, and suggestions to overcome sectors of service provision, enhance networking, intensify telemedicine, and develop evidence-based prevention and early recognition of child mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Romanos
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz, 97080, Würzburg, Bayern, Deutschland.
| | - Gundolf Berg
- Zentrum für ambulante Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Deutschland
| | - Annegret Brauer
- Facharztpraxis für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Deutschland
| | - Martin Jung
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Helios Klinikum Schleswig, Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein, Deutschland
| | - Marianne Klein
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum am Weissenhof, Weinsberg, Baden-Württemberg, Deutschland
| | - Michael Kölch
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Neurologie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsklinikum Rostock, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Deutschland
| | - Renate Schepker
- Abteilung für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie Weissenau, ZfP Südwürttemberg, Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg, Deutschland
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Schepker R, Kölch M. [The landscape of child and adolescent psychiatry and psychotherapy in Germany: structures, challenges, and developments]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023:10.1007/s00103-023-03724-1. [PMID: 37310425 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For children and adolescents in need of psychiatric and psychotherapeutic care, outpatient, day patient, and inpatient facilities are provided. A new development is called "inpatient equivalent treatment" that consists of home visits by a multiprofessional team. This paper depicts the landscape of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) Services, covering its historical development and the structural, care policy, and financing backgrounds. Until 2014, there was free choice of private practice locations in the outpatient sector, leaving rural areas and marginalized neighborhoods partially undersupplied until today.The number of beds in the hospital sector decreased significantly between 1991 and 2004. It later rose again in favor of improved regional access and smaller units, with an additional 50% of day patient places. Inpatient equivalent treatments are equally effective, but not yet established nationwide; only a few innovative models have been negotiated. Regional networks of all social support systems, aiming for child psychiatric supply networks, are limited due to the pillarization of the social system. In conclusion, an imperative cooperation between all services of the Social Security Code and enabling true cross-sectoral services would benefit CAP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Schepker
- Abteilung Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Zentrum für Psychiatrie Südwürttemberg, Weingartshofer Str. 2, 88214, Ravensburg, Deutschland.
- Abteilung Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland.
| | - Michael Kölch
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Neurologie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland
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Baum F, Schmitt J, Seifert M, Kliemt R, Kubat D, March S, Häckl D, Pfennig A, Swart E, Neumann A. Lengths of inpatient stay and sick leave of patients with mental diseases: disorder-specific effects of flexible and integrated treatment programs in Germany. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:370. [PMID: 36071050 PMCID: PMC9452681 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders pose a worldwide growing public health burden. One of the major challenges for healthcare systems remains to respond to the need of patients with mental disorders for continuous and flexible treatment. The EVA64 study evaluates novel programs of flexible and integrative treatment (FIT) in hospitals. This manuscript presents results from the evaluation of FIT hospitals in comparison to hospitals from regular routine care. In addition to data from adult patients, we also present data from affiliated child and adolescent psychiatric wards employing FIT programs. Using comprehensive claims data, primary outcomes are the utilization of inpatient care and sick leave for a priori defined clusters of mental disorders. We stratify between patients already under treatment (ongoing treatment) and patients with incident treatment cases (initial treatment) at the point of inclusion in the study. In the initial treatment group, we found a significant reduction in the length of inpatient stay of 4.1 days in FIT hospitals compared to routine care. While patients with mood affective disorders (-1.8 days) and patients with neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders (-3.6 days) showed an even stronger effect of the reduction of inpatient lengths of stay, the effect was significantly weaker in patients with mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol (+3.3 days). Regarding the duration of sick leave, we found no significant treatment effect of FIT programs compared to routine care. In the ongoing treatment group of adult patients, we found a significantly lower utilization of inpatient treatment by 1.3 days as well as a shorter duration of sick leave by 4.3 days in FIT hospitals compared to routine care. In the cohort of children and adolescent patients, we also did not observe a significant treatment effect in either the initial treatment group or the ongoing treatment group. Registration: this study was registered in the database "Health Services Research Germany" (trial number: VVfD_EVA64_15_003713).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Baum
- Center of Evidence-based Health Care, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jochen Schmitt
- Center of Evidence-based Health Care, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Seifert
- Center of Evidence-based Health Care, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roman Kliemt
- WIG2 Scientific Institute for Health Economics and Health System Research Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denise Kubat
- Institute of Social Medicine and and Health Systems Research, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke- University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie March
- Institute of Social Medicine and and Health Systems Research, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke- University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, Department of Social Work, Health and Media, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Häckl
- WIG2 Scientific Institute for Health Economics and Health System Research Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Economics and Management Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Enno Swart
- Institute of Social Medicine and and Health Systems Research, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke- University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Neumann
- Center of Evidence-based Health Care, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Schwarz J, Ignatyev Y, Baum F, Neumann A, Soltmann B, Pfennig A, Timm J, Heinze M, von Peter S. [Flexible and integrative treatment in psychiatry: implementation of specific care components at model and standard care clinics in Germany (PsychCare study)]. DER NERVENARZT 2022; 93:476-482. [PMID: 34874468 PMCID: PMC9061660 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2003 a new remuneration and care model has been implemented in currently 22 psychiatric clinics in Germany, which provides flexible and integrative treatment (FIT) across different settings of treatment, including assertive outreach care. The FIT is based on a global treatment budget covering costs for all psychiatric hospital services and is related to the number of patients treated per year. Previous research identified 11 program components that describe treatment structures and processes of FIT. The present analysis quantitatively compared FIT with standard care, aiming to validate these components. METHODS As part of the PsychCare study, grading according to FIT-specific components was carried out and comparatively analyzed in nine hospitals that used FIT and seven hospitals of standard care. The FIT models were examined in depth in subgroups, which were divided according to the share of the FIT model in the total hospital budget. RESULTS Of the 11 FIT program components 7 (flexible care management across settings, therapeutic group sessions across all settings, outreach home care, involvement of informal caregivers, accessibility of services, cooperation across sectors and expansion of professional expertise) showed a high statistical differentiation. These differences were even stronger in the subgroup of those hospitals that had a model contract with all health insurers. CONCLUSION Specific components of FIT are suitable for evaluating the quality of implementation of intersectoral, flexible and outreach psychiatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schwarz
- Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Hochschulklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Medizinischen Hochschule Brandenburg, Seebad 82/83, 15562 Rüdersdorf, Deutschland
- Zentrum für Versorgungsforschung Brandenburg, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Deutschland
| | - Yuriy Ignatyev
- Zentrum für Versorgungsforschung Brandenburg, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Deutschland
| | - Fabian Baum
- Zentrum für Evidenzbasierte Gesundheitsversorgung, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Anne Neumann
- Zentrum für Evidenzbasierte Gesundheitsversorgung, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Bettina Soltmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Andrea Pfennig
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Jürgen Timm
- Kompetenzzentrum für Klinische Studien Bremen, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - Martin Heinze
- Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Hochschulklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Medizinischen Hochschule Brandenburg, Seebad 82/83, 15562 Rüdersdorf, Deutschland
- Zentrum für Versorgungsforschung Brandenburg, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Deutschland
| | - Sebastian von Peter
- Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Hochschulklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Medizinischen Hochschule Brandenburg, Seebad 82/83, 15562 Rüdersdorf, Deutschland
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Schwarz J, Cechnicki A, Godyń J, Galbusera L, Biechowska D, Galińska-Skok B, Ciunczyk I, Ignatyev Y, Muehlensiepen F, Soltmann B, Timm J, von Peter S, Balicki M, Wciórka J, Heinze M. Flexible and Integrative Psychiatric Care Based on a Global Treatment Budget: Comparing the Implementation in Germany and Poland. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:760276. [PMID: 35069275 PMCID: PMC8777040 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.760276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The past decade has witnessed the establishment of flexible and integrative treatment (FIT) models in 55 German and Polish psychiatric catchment areas. FIT is based on a global treatment budget (GTB), which integrates funding of all acute psychiatric hospital services for a regional population. Prior research has identified 11 specific program components of FIT in Germany. In this paper we aim at assessing the applicability of these components to the Polish context and at comparatively analysing FIT implementation in Poland and Germany. Methods: Qualitative interviews about the applicability of the 11 FIT-specific components were conducted with the program managers of the Polish FIT models (n = 19). Semi-quantitative data on the FIT-specific components were then collected in 19 Polish and 10 German FIT models. We assessed the grading of each component, their overall degree of implementation and compared them between the two countries. In all study hospitals, structural and statistical parameters of service delivery were collected and compared. Results: The qualitative results showed that the German FIT-specific components are in principle applicable to the polish context. This allowed the comparative assessment of components grading and degree of implementation, which showed only subtle discrepancies between German and Polish FIT models. The little discrepancies point to specific aspects of care such as home treatment, peer support, and cooperation with non-clinical and social welfare institutions that should be further integrated in the components' definition. Conclusions: The specific program components of FIT as first defined from the German experience, serves as a powerful tool to measure, and evaluate implementation of integrated psychiatric care both within and between health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School, Immanuel Clinic Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - Andrzej Cechnicki
- Community Psychiatry and Psychosis Research Centre, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Godyń
- Psychosis Research Unit, Association for the Development of Community Psychiatry and Care, Krakow, Poland
| | - Laura Galbusera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School, Immanuel Clinic Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - Daria Biechowska
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Galińska-Skok
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Ciunczyk
- Middle Pomeranian Mental Health Centre “Medison”, Koszalin, Poland
| | - Yuriy Ignatyev
- Centre for Health Services Research Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - Felix Muehlensiepen
- Centre for Health Services Research Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Rüdersdorf, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Bettina Soltmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Timm
- Biometry Section, Competence Centre for Clinical Trials, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sebastian von Peter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School, Immanuel Clinic Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - Marek Balicki
- Pilot Program Office of the National Mental Health Program, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Wciórka
- Pilot Program Office of the National Mental Health Program, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martin Heinze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School, Immanuel Clinic Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf, Germany
- Centre for Health Services Research Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Rüdersdorf, Germany
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Schwarz J, Schmid C, Neumann A, Pfennig A, Soltmann B, Heinze M, von Peter S. [Implementing a Global Treatment Budget for Psychiatric Hospital Services - What are Incentives, Requirements, and Challenges?]. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2021; 49:71-79. [PMID: 33902127 DOI: 10.1055/a-1421-3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since 2013, flexible and integrative psychiatric treatment models (FIT64b) have been set up in 22 German hospitals. FIT64b is based on a global treatment budget (GTB) covering costs for all psychiatric hospital services and is related to the number of patients treated. As part of the "PsychCare"-study we are examining incentives, requirements and challenges which relate to the introduction of FIT64b. METHODS Expert interviews and focus groups (n = 29) were led with management and controlling staff from 7 FIT64b adopting hospitals and 3 statutory health insurance funds (SHI). A thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS A central component for the introduction of a GTB is a cooperative relation based on mutual trust between hospitals and SHI. Challenging are, above all, performance documentation and performance control of cross-sectoral treatment as well as the parallel structure of FIT64b and standard care. CONCLUSION Apart from several surmountable obstacles to implementation, the GTB seems to be a strong driver for the future-oriented transformation of psychiatric hospital services in Germany. In the further development of GTB, the obligation to contract with all SHI should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schwarz
- Hochschulklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie an der Medizinischen Hochschule Brandenburg, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
| | - Christine Schmid
- Hochschulklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie an der Medizinischen Hochschule Brandenburg, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf.,Institut für Psychologie und Arbeitswissenschaft, Fachgebiet Arbeitswissenschaft, Technische Universität Berlin
| | - Anne Neumann
- Zentrum für Evidenzbasierte Gesundheitsversorgung, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden
| | - Andrea Pfennig
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden
| | - Bettina Soltmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden
| | - Martin Heinze
- Hochschulklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie an der Medizinischen Hochschule Brandenburg, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
| | - Sebastian von Peter
- Hochschulklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie an der Medizinischen Hochschule Brandenburg, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf
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Schepker R. Versorgung durch mobile multiprofessionelle Teams in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2020; 48:343-347. [PMID: 32880222 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Schwarz J, Galbusera L, Bechdolf A, Birker T, Deister A, Duve A, Heiser P, Hojes K, Indefrey S, Johne J, Rehr B, Rout S, Scherk H, Schulz-Du Bois A, Wilms B, Zedlick D, Zeipert M, Heinze M, von Peter S. Changes in German Mental Health Care by Implementing a Global Treatment Budget-A Mixed-Method Process Evaluation Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:426. [PMID: 32523551 PMCID: PMC7261866 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internationally, there is a broad spectrum of outreach and integrative care models, whereas in Germany acute psychiatric treatment is still mostly provided in inpatient settings. To overcome this, a new legal framework (§64b Social Code V) has been introduced, promoting "Flexible and Integrative Treatment" Models (FIT64b), based on a "Global Treatment Budget" (GTB) financing approach. 23 hospitals have implemented the framework according to local needs and concepts. Prior research has already identified specific components of FIT64b. Based on this, our paper aims to examine the implementation process and underpinning change mechanisms of GTB-based FIT64b models from a staff, service user and caregiver perspective. METHOD 31 focus groups and 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with hospital staff (n = 138), service users (n = 63), and caregivers (n = 35) in 10 psychiatric hospitals implementing FIT64b. Using qualitative analysis, we identified 5 core themes describing the implementation process, which were theoretically modeled into a logical diagram. The core mechanisms of change were thus identified across themes. Additional structural and semi-quantitative performance data was collected from all study departments. RESULTS The qualitative analysis showed that the shift from a daily- and performance-based payment to a lump-sum GTB and the shift of resources from in- to outpatient settings were of crucial importance for the process of change. Saved budget shares could be reinvested to integrate in-, out-, and day-patient units and to set up outreach home care. Clinicians reported feeling relieved by the increase of treatment options. They also emphasized a stronger relationship with and a better understanding of service users and a simplification of bureaucracy. Finally, service users and caregivers experienced higher need-adaptedness of treatment, a feeling of deeper understanding and safety, and the possibility to maintain everyday life during treatment. Finally, two FIT64b implementation prototypes were classified according to the semi-quantitative performance data. CONCLUSION Based on the results, we developed 3 core mechanisms of change of FIT64b models: (1) Need-adaptedness and flexibility; (2) Continuity of care; (3) Maintaining everyday life. Our findings outline and emphasize the potential a GTB approach may have for improving psychiatric hospital services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - Laura Galbusera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Bechdolf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Krankenhaus am Urban and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,ORYGEN, National Center of Excellence of Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Birker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Westklinikum Heide, Heide, Germany
| | - Arno Deister
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine Psychosoziales Zentrum Itzehoe, Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Annette Duve
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vitos Klinikum Riedstadt, Riedstadt, Germany
| | - Philip Heiser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Südharz Klinikum Nordhausen, Nordhausen, Germany
| | - Kerit Hojes
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Südharz Klinikum Nordhausen, Nordhausen, Germany
| | - Sonja Indefrey
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Johne
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Rehr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandeep Rout
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Krankenhaus Neukölln, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Scherk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vitos Klinikum Riedstadt, Riedstadt, Germany
| | - Anna Schulz-Du Bois
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Imland Krankenhaus Rendsburg, Rendsburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Wilms
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Basedow Klinikum Saalekreis, Querfurt, Germany
| | - Dyrk Zedlick
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rudolf Virchow Krankenhaus Glauchau, Glauchau, Germany
| | - Manfred Zeipert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Imland Krankenhaus Rendsburg, Rendsburg, Germany
| | - Martin Heinze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian von Peter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf, Germany
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