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Li Y, Wang MY, Xu M, Xie WT, Zhang YM, Yang XY, Wang ZX, Song R, Yang L, Ma JP, Zhang J, Han CX, Wang CZ, Liu WY, Gan WH, Su R, Ma HL, Li H. High-Altitude Exposure and Time Interval Perception of Chinese Migrants in Tibet. Brain Sci 2022; 12:585. [PMID: 35624972 PMCID: PMC9139562 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-altitude exposure can negatively impact one’s ability to accurately perceive time. This study focuses on Chinese migrants who have traveled to the Tibetan plateau and explores the effects of high-altitude exposure on their time interval judgment abilities based on three separate studies. In Study 1, it was found that exposure to high altitudes negatively impacted the time interval judgment functions of the migrants compared with a low-altitude control group; they exhibited a prolonged response time (540 ms: p = 0.006, 95% CI (−1.70 −0.32)) and reduced accuracy (1080 ms: p = 0.032, 95% CI (0.06 1.26)) in certain behavioral tasks. In Study 2, the results showed that high-altitude exposure and sleepiness had an interactive effect on time interval judgment (1080 ms) (p < 0.05, 95% CI (−0.83 −0.40)). To further verify our interaction hypothesis, in Study 3, we investigated the time interval judgment of interactions between acute high-altitude exposure and sleepiness level. The results revealed that the adaptation effect disappeared and sleepiness significantly exacerbated the negative effects of high-altitude exposure on time interval judgment (p < 0.001, 95% CI (−0.85 −0.34)). This study is the first to examine the effects of high-altitude exposure on time interval judgment processing functions and the effects of sleep-related factors on individual time interval judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
| | - Mei-Yi Wang
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
| | - Meng Xu
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
| | - Wen-Ting Xie
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
| | - Yu-Ming Zhang
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
| | - Xi-Yue Yang
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
| | - Zhi-Xin Wang
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
| | - Rui Song
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Liu Yang
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
| | - Jin-Ping Ma
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
| | - Jia Zhang
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
| | - Chen-Xiao Han
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
| | - Cheng-Zhi Wang
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
| | - Wan-Ying Liu
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
| | - Wan-Hong Gan
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
| | - Rui Su
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
- Institute of Oxygen Supply, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China
| | - Hai-Lin Ma
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
- Institute of Oxygen Supply, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China
| | - Hao Li
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.W.); (M.X.); (W.-T.X.); (Y.-M.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-X.W.); (L.Y.); (J.-P.M.); (J.Z.); (C.-X.H.); (C.-Z.W.); (W.-Y.L.); (W.-H.G.); (R.S.); (H.-L.M.)
- Institute of Oxygen Supply, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China
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Reward priming eliminates color-driven affect in perception. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 83:321-331. [PMID: 29299671 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-017-0966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain and behavior evidence suggests that colors have distinct affective properties. Here, we investigated how reward influences color-driven affect in perception. In Experiment 1, we assessed competition between blue and red patches during a temporal-order judgment (TOJ) across a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). During the value reinforcement, reward was linked to either blue (version 1) or red (version 2) in the experiment. The same stimuli then served as test ones in the following unrewarded, unspeeded TOJ task. Our analysis showed that blue patches were consistently seen as occurring first, even when objectively appearing 2nd at short SOAs. This accelerated perception of blue over red was disrupted by prior primes related to reward (vs. neutral) but not perceptional (blue vs. red) priming. Experiment 2 replicated the findings of Experiment 1 while uncoupling action and stimulus values. These results are consistent with the blue-approach and red-avoidance motivation hypothesis and highlight an active nature of the association of reward priming and color processing. Together, the present study implies a link between reward and color affect and contributes to the understanding of how reward influences color affect in visual processing.
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Haberkamp A, Biafora M, Schmidt T, Weiß K. We prefer what we fear: A response preference bias mimics attentional capture in spider fear. J Anxiety Disord 2018; 53:30-38. [PMID: 29156434 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The extent to which emotionally significant stimuli capture visual attention remains elusive because a preference for reporting or choosing emotionally significant stimuli could mimic attentional capture by these stimuli. We conducted two prior-entry experiments to disentangle whether phobic and fear-relevant stimuli capture attention or merely produce a response bias in spider-fearful participants. Prior entry denotes the effect that attended stimuli are perceived earlier than unattended stimuli as indicated by temporal order judgments. We presented phobic (spiders), fear-relevant (snakes) and neutral stimuli in pairs with varying temporal onset. The participants' task was to indicate which stimulus was presented first (Experiment 1) or second (Experiment 2). In the first experiment, spider-fearful but not control participants indicated that they had perceived spiders as occurring earlier in time, suggesting a prior-entry effect for spiders in this group. But surprisingly, in the second experiment, spider-fearful participants indicated more frequently that they had seen spiders as being presented second. This finding rules out a genuine prior-entry effect and instead suggests a strong preference for the response option associated with the feared animal. This response bias may result from a hypervigilance toward the feared stimulus and contribute to maintaining avoidance behavior in individuals with specific phobias.
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Schettino A, Loeys T, Pourtois G. No prior entry for threat-related faces: evidence from temporal order judgments. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62296. [PMID: 23646126 PMCID: PMC3639996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research showed that threat-related faces, due to their intrinsic motivational relevance, capture attention more readily than neutral faces. Here we used a standard temporal order judgment (TOJ) task to assess whether negative (either angry or fearful) emotional faces, when competing with neutral faces for attention selection, may lead to a prior entry effect and hence be perceived as appearing first, especially when uncertainty is high regarding the order of the two onsets. We did not find evidence for this conjecture across five different experiments, despite the fact that participants were invariably influenced by asynchronies in the respective onsets of the two competing faces in the pair, and could reliably identify the emotion in the faces. Importantly, by systematically varying task demands across experiments, we could rule out confounds related to suboptimal stimulus presentation or inappropriate task demands. These findings challenge the notion of an early automatic capture of attention by (negative) emotion. Future studies are needed to investigate whether the lack of systematic bias of attention by emotion is imputed to the primacy of a non-emotional cue to resolve the TOJ task, which in turn prevents negative emotion to exert an early bottom-up influence on the guidance of spatial and temporal attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Schettino
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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