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Ruan T, Young RMB, Lewis SR, Montabone L, Valeanu A, Read PL. Assimilation of Both Column- and Layer-Integrated Dust Opacity Observations in the Martian Atmosphere. EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 8:e2021EA001869. [PMID: 35864913 PMCID: PMC9286790 DOI: 10.1029/2021ea001869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new dust data assimilation scheme has been developed for the UK version of the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Martian General Circulation Model. The Analysis Correction scheme (adapted from the UK Met Office) is applied with active dust lifting and transport to analyze measurements of temperature, and both column-integrated dust optical depth (CIDO), τ ref (rescaled to a reference level), and layer-integrated dust opacity (LIDO). The results are shown to converge to the assimilated observations, but assimilating either of the dust observation types separately does not produce the best analysis. The most effective dust assimilation is found to require both CIDO (from Mars Odyssey/THEMIS) and LIDO observations, especially for Mars Climate Sounder data that does not access levels close to the surface. The resulting full reanalysis improves the agreement with both in-sample assimilated CIDO and LIDO data and independent observations from outside the assimilated data set. It is thus able to capture previously elusive details of the dust vertical distribution, including elevated detached dust layers that have not been captured in previous reanalyzes. Verification of this reanalysis has been carried out under both clear and dusty atmospheric conditions during Mars Years 28 and 29, using both in-sample and out of sample observations from orbital remote sensing and contemporaneous surface measurements of dust opacity from the Spirit and Opportunity landers. The reanalysis was also compared with a recent version of the Mars Climate Database (MCD v5), demonstrating generally good agreement though with some systematic differences in both time mean fields and day-to-day variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ruan
- Department of PhysicsAtmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of OxfordClarendon LaboratoryOxfordUK
| | - R. M. B. Young
- Department of PhysicsAtmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of OxfordClarendon LaboratoryOxfordUK
- Department of Physics & National Space Science and Technology CenterUAE UniversityAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
| | - S. R. Lewis
- School of Physical SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesUK
| | - L. Montabone
- Department of PhysicsAtmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of OxfordClarendon LaboratoryOxfordUK
- Space Science InstituteBoulderCOUSA
| | - A. Valeanu
- Department of PhysicsAtmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of OxfordClarendon LaboratoryOxfordUK
| | - P. L. Read
- Department of PhysicsAtmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of OxfordClarendon LaboratoryOxfordUK
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Pla-García J, Rafkin SCR, Martinez GM, Vicente-Retortillo Á, Newman CE, Savijärvi H, de la Torre M, Rodriguez-Manfredi JA, Gómez F, Molina A, Viúdez-Moreiras D, Harri AM. Meteorological Predictions for Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Landing Site at Jezero Crater. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2020; 216:148. [PMID: 33536691 PMCID: PMC7116669 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-020-00763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS) and a nested simulation of the Mars Weather Research and Forecasting model (MarsWRF) are used to predict the local meteorological conditions at the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover landing site inside Jezero crater (Mars). These predictions are complemented with the COmplutense and MIchigan MArs Radiative Transfer model (COMIMART) and with the local Single Column Model (SCM) to further refine predictions of radiative forcing and the water cycle respectively. The primary objective is to facilitate interpretation of the meteorological measurements to be obtained by the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) aboard the rover, but also to provide predictions of the meteorological phenomena and seasonal changes that might impact operations, from both a risk perspective and from the perspective of being better prepared to make certain measurements. A full diurnal cycle at four different seasons (Ls 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°) is investigated. Air and ground temperatures, pressure, wind speed and direction, surface radiative fluxes and moisture data are modeled. The good agreement between observations and modeling in prior works [Pla-Garcia et al. in Icarus 280:103-113, 2016; Newman et al. in Icarus 291:203-231, 2017; Vicente-Retortillo et al. in Sci. Rep. 8(1):1-8, 2018; Savijarvi et al. in Icarus, 2020] provides confidence in utilizing these models results to predict the meteorological environment at Mars 2020 Perseverance rover landing site inside Jezero crater. The data returned by MEDA will determine the extent to which this confidence was justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pla-García
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
- Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - G M Martinez
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Á Vicente-Retortillo
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - H Savijärvi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M de la Torre
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory/CalTech, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - F Gómez
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Molina
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
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Madeleine JB, Forget F, Millour E, Montabone L, Wolff MJ. Revisiting the radiative impact of dust on Mars using the LMD Global Climate Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011je003855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Towner MC. Characteristics of large Martian dust devils using Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System visual and infrared images. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rogers AD, Bandfield JL, Christensen PR. Global spectral classification of Martian low-albedo regions with Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES) data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smith MD, Wolff MJ, Spanovich N, Ghosh A, Banfield D, Christensen PR, Landis GA, Squyres SW. One Martian year of atmospheric observations using MER Mini-TES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Don Banfield
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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Fergason RL, Christensen PR, Kieffer HH. High-resolution thermal inertia derived from the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS): Thermal model and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin L. Fergason
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Mars Space Flight Facility; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Philip R. Christensen
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Mars Space Flight Facility; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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Cantor BA, Kanak KM, Edgett KS. Mars Orbiter Camera observations of Martian dust devils and their tracks (September 1997 to January 2006) and evaluation of theoretical vortex models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharine M. Kanak
- Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies; University of Oklahoma; Norman Oklahoma USA
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Martínez-Alonso S, Mellon MT, Kindel BC, Jakosky BM. Mapping compositional diversity on the surface of Mars: The Spectral Variance Index. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Takahashi YO, Fujiwara H, Fukunishi H. Vertical and latitudinal structure of the migrating diurnal tide in the Martian atmosphere: Numerical investigations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stockstill KR, Moersch JE, Ruff SW, Baldridge A, Farmer J. Thermal Emission Spectrometer hyperspectral analyses of proposed paleolake basins on Mars: No evidence for in-place carbonates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Glotch TD. Geologic and mineralogic mapping of Aram Chaos: Evidence for a water-rich history. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Strausberg MJ. Observations of the initiation and evolution of the 2001 Mars global dust storm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smith MD, Wolff MJ, Lemmon MT, Spanovich N, Banfield D, Budney CJ, Clancy RT, Ghosh A, Landis GA, Smith P, Whitney B, Christensen PR, Squyres SW. First Atmospheric Science Results from the Mars Exploration Rovers Mini-TES. Science 2004; 306:1750-3. [PMID: 15576612 DOI: 10.1126/science.1104257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Thermal infrared spectra of the martian atmosphere taken by the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) were used to determine the atmospheric temperatures in the planetary boundary layer and the column-integrated optical depth of aerosols. Mini-TES observations show the diurnal variation of the martian boundary layer thermal structure, including a near-surface superadiabatic layer during the afternoon and an inversion layer at night. Upward-looking Mini-TES observations show warm and cool parcels of air moving through the Mini-TES field of view on a time scale of 30 seconds. The retrieved dust optical depth shows a downward trend at both sites.
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Bandfield JL. Atmospheric correction and surface spectral unit mapping using Thermal Emission Imaging System data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liu J. An assessment of the global, seasonal, and interannual spacecraft record of Martian climate in the thermal infrared. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002je001921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wolff MJ. Constraints on the size of Martian aerosols from Thermal Emission Spectrometer observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Smith MD. Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) infrared observations of atmospheric dust and water ice cloud optical depth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Clancy RT. Mars aerosol studies with the MGS TES emission phase function observations: Optical depths, particle sizes, and ice cloud types versus latitude and solar longitude. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Neumann GA. Two Mars years of clouds detected by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002je001849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ruff SW, Christensen PR. Bright and dark regions on Mars: Particle size and mineralogical characteristics based on Thermal Emission Spectrometer data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001je001580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. Ruff
- Mars Space Flight Facility, Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Philip R. Christensen
- Mars Space Flight Facility, Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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Smith MD. The annual cycle of water vapor on Mars as observed by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001je001522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smith DE, Zuber MT, Frey HV, Garvin JB, Head JW, Muhleman DO, Pettengill GH, Phillips RJ, Solomon SC, Zwally HJ, Banerdt WB, Duxbury TC, Golombek MP, Lemoine FG, Neumann GA, Rowlands DD, Aharonson O, Ford PG, Ivanov AB, Johnson CL, McGovern PJ, Abshire JB, Afzal RS, Sun X. Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter: Experiment summary after the first year of global mapping of Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Smith MD, Pearl JC, Conrath BJ, Christensen PR. Thermal Emission Spectrometer results: Mars atmospheric thermal structure and aerosol distribution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Christensen PR, Bandfield JL, Hamilton VE, Ruff SW, Kieffer HH, Titus TN, Malin MC, Morris RV, Lane MD, Clark RL, Jakosky BM, Mellon MT, Pearl JC, Conrath BJ, Smith MD, Clancy RT, Kuzmin RO, Roush T, Mehall GL, Gorelick N, Bender K, Murray K, Dason S, Greene E, Silverman S, Greenfield M. Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: Investigation description and surface science results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 782] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tyler GL, Balmino G, Hinson DP, Sjogren WL, Smith DE, Simpson RA, Asmar SW, Priest P, Twicken JD. Radio science observations with Mars Global Surveyor: Orbit insertion through one Mars year in mapping orbit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cantor BA, James PB, Caplinger M, Wolff MJ. Martian dust storms: 1999 Mars Orbiter Camera observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Imagine a planet very much like the Earth, with similar size, rotation rate and inclination of rotation axis, possessing an atmosphere and a solid surface, but lacking oceans and dense clouds of liquid water. We might expect such a desert planet to be dominated by large variations in day-night and winter-summer weather. Dust storms would be common. Observations and simulations of martian climate confirm these expectations and provide a wealth of detail that can help resolve problems of climate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leovy
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Box 351640, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.
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Pearl JC, Smith MD, Conrath BJ, Bandfield JL, Christensen PR. Observations of Martian ice clouds by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer: The first Martian year. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Conrath BJ, Pearl JC, Smith MD, Maguire WC, Christensen PR, Dason S, Kaelberer MS. Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) observations: Atmospheric temperatures during aerobraking and science phasing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bandfield JL, Christensen PR, Smith MD. Spectral data set factor analysis and end-member recovery: Application to analysis of Martian atmospheric particulates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Banfield D, Conrath B, Pearl JC, Smith MD, Christensen P. Thermal tides and stationary waves on Mars as revealed by Mars Global Surveyor thermal emission spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smith MD, Bandfield JL, Christensen PR. Separation of atmospheric and surface spectral features in Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) spectra. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Christensen PR, Bandfield JL, Clark RN, Edgett KS, Hamilton VE, Hoefen T, Kieffer HH, Kuzmin RO, Lane MD, Malin MC, Morris RV, Pearl JC, Pearson R, Roush TL, Ruff SW, Smith MD. Detection of crystalline hematite mineralization on Mars by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer: Evidence for near-surface water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jakosky BM, Mellon MT, Kieffer HH, Christensen PR, Varnes ES, Lee SW. The thermal inertia of Mars from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clancy RT, Sandor BJ, Wolff MJ, Christensen PR, Smith MD, Pearl JC, Conrath BJ, Wilson RJ. An intercomparison of ground-based millimeter, MGS TES, and Viking atmospheric temperature measurements: Seasonal and interannual variability of temperatures and dust loading in the global Mars atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Toigo AD, Richardson MI. Seasonal variation of aerosols in the Martian atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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