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Wu CD, Zhu JJ, Hsu CY, Shie RH. Quantifying source contributions to ambient NH 3 using Geo-AI with time lag and parcel tracking functions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108520. [PMID: 38412565 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Ambient ammonia (NH3) plays an important compound in forming particulate matters (PMs), and therefore, it is crucial to comprehend NH3's properties in order to better reduce PMs. However, it is not easy to achieve this goal due to the limited range/real-time NH3 data monitored by the air quality stations. While there were other studies to predict NH3 and its source apportionment, this manuscript provides a novel method (i.e., GEO-AI)) to look into NH3 predictions and their contribution sources. This study represents a pioneering effort in the application of a novel geospatial-artificial intelligence (Geo-AI) base model with parcel tracking functions. This innovative approach seamlessly integrates various machine learning algorithms and geographic predictor variables to estimate NH3 concentrations, marking the first instance of such a comprehensive methodology. The Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) was used to further analyze source contribution of NH3 with domain knowledge. From 2016 to 2018, Taichung's hourly average NH3 values were predicted with total variance up to 96%. SHAP values revealed that waterbody, traffic and agriculture emissions were the most significant factors to affect NH3 concentrations in Taichung among all the characteristics. Our methodology is a vital first step for shaping future policies and regulations and is adaptable to regions with limited monitoring sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Chin-Yu Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Ruei-Hao Shie
- Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 321 Guangfu Road, East District, Hsinchu City 30011, Taiwan
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Zhang Z, Yan Y, Kong S, Deng Q, Qin S, Yao L, Zhao T, Qi S. Benefits of refined NH 3 emission controls on PM 2.5 mitigation in Central China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:151957. [PMID: 34838911 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is one of the most crucial precursors of secondary inorganic aerosols. However, its emission control is still weakness over China. NH3 emission inventories of 2015 with and without considering a set of refined emission reduction strategies covering seven major NH3 emission sources were constructed in Central China. GEOS-Chem model simulations were conducted to quantify the benefits of NH3 emission reduction on PM2.5 mitigation in four typical months (January, April, July and October). The results showed that these control strategies could reduce approximately 47.0% (152 Gg) of the total NH3 emissions in Hubei Province, with the agricultural (livestock and fertilizer application) source being reduced the most (133 Gg). NH3 had a significant nonlinear relationship with sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and PM2.5. NH3 emission reduction exerted less effect on sulfate mitigations (the annual average sensitivity was 4.5%), but it obviously alleviated nitrate, ammonium and thus PM2.5, with the annual average sensitivities of 81.9%, 34.8% and 22.0%, respectively. The average provincial concentrations of PM2.5 were alleviated by 11.2% in January, 10.6% in October, 10.2% in April and 9.3% in July through NH3 emission reduction by 47.0%. The reduction benefits were more pronounced in high NH3 emission areas, such as Yichang, with the PM2.5 reduction of 14.4% in January. This research could provide scientific support for formulating NH3 emission reduction policies to further mitigate PM2.5 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexuan Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yingying Yan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Qimin Deng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Si Qin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liquan Yao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tianliang Zhao
- School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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3
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Becagli S, Marchese C, Caiazzo L, Ciardini V, Lazzara L, Mori G, Nuccio C, Scarchilli C, Severi M, Traversi R. Biogenic aerosol in central East Antarctic Plateau as a proxy for the ocean-atmosphere interaction in the Southern Ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:151285. [PMID: 34740657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ten years of data of biogenic aerosol (methane sulfonic acid, MSA, and non-sea salt sulfate, nssSO42-) collected at Concordia Station in the East Antarctic plateau (75° 06' S, 123° 20' E) are interpreted as a function of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a; a proxy for phytoplankton biomass), sea ice extent and area. It is possible to draw three different scenarios that link these parameters in early, middle, and late summer. In early summer, the biogenic aerosol is significantly correlated to sea ice retreats through the phytoplankton biomass increases. Chl-a shows a significant correlation with nssSO42- in the finest fraction (< 1 μm). In contrast, only Chl-a in West Pacific and Indian Ocean sectors correlates with MSA in the coarse fraction. The transport routes towards the inner Antarctic plateau and aerosol formation processes could explain the different correlation patterns of the two compounds both resulting from the DMS oxidation. In mid-summer, Chl-a concentrations are at the maximum and are not related to sea ice melting. Due to the complexity of transport processes of air masses towards the Antarctic plateau, the MSA concentrations are low and not related to Chl-a concentration. In late summer, MSA and nssSO42- present the highest concentrations in their submicrometric aerosol fraction, and both are significantly correlated with Chl-a but not with the sea ice. In early and mid-summer, the enhanced efficiency of transport processes from all the surrounding oceanic sectors with air masses traveling at low elevation can explain the highest concentrations of nssSO42- and especially MSA. Finally, considering the entire time series, MSA shows significant year-to-year variability. This variability is significantly correlated with SAM but with a different time lag in early (0-month lag) and late summer (4-months lag). This correlation likely occurs through the effect of the SAM on phytoplankton blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Becagli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence I-50019, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNR, University of Venice, V. Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Christian Marchese
- University of British Columbia, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; University of Victoria, Department of Geography, Victoria, BC V8W2Y2, Canada
| | - Laura Caiazzo
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence I-50019, Italy
| | - Virginia Ciardini
- ENEA, Laboratory for Observations and Measures for the environment and climate, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Lazzara
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence I-50019, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mori
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence I-50019, Italy
| | - Caterina Nuccio
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence I-50019, Italy
| | - Claudio Scarchilli
- ENEA, Laboratory for Observations and Measures for the environment and climate, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence I-50019, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNR, University of Venice, V. Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Rita Traversi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence I-50019, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNR, University of Venice, V. Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy
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Ma X, Zhao X, Ding Z, Wang W, Wei Y, Xu F, Zhang Q, Wang W. Determination of the amine-catalyzed SO 3 hydrolysis mechanism in the gas phase and at the air-water interface. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126292. [PMID: 32203779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF) involving amines in the atmosphere is considered an aggregation process, during which stable molecular clusters are formed from amines and sulfuric acid via hydrogen bond interaction. In this work, ab initio dynamics simulations of ammonium bisulfate formation from a series of amines, SO3, and H2O molecules were carried out in the gas phase and at the air-water interface. The results show that reactions between amines and hydrated SO3 molecules in the gas phase are barrierless or nearly barrierless processes. The reaction rate is related to the basicity of gas-phase amines-the stronger the basicity, the faster the reaction. Furthermore, SO3 hydrolysis catalyzed by amines occurs simultaneously with H2SO4-amine cluster formation. At the air-water interface, reactions between amines and SO3 involve multiple water molecules. The reaction center's ring structure (amine-SO3-nH2O) promotes the transfer of protons in the water molecules. The formed ammonium cation (-RNH3+) and the bisulfate anion (HSO4-) are present and stable by means of hydrogen bond interaction. The cluster formation mechanism provides new insights into NPF involving amines, which may play an important role in the formation of aerosols in some heavily polluted areas - e.g., those with a high amine concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ma
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Xianwei Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Zhezheng Ding
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
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Liu B, Bi X, Zhang J, Yuan J, Xiao Z, Dai Q, Feng Y, Zhang Y. Insight into the critical factors determining the particle number concentrations during summer at a megacity in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 75:169-180. [PMID: 30473282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To identify the critical factors impacting the number concentration of particles with the aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5μm (PNC2.5), the continuous measurement of PNC2.5, chemical components in PM2.5, gaseous pollutants and meteorological conditions were conducted at an urban site in Tianjin in June 2015. Results indicated that the average PNC2.5 was 2839±2430 dN/dlogDp 1/cm3 during the campaign. Compared to other meteorological parameters, the relative humidity (RH) had the strongest relationship with PNC2.5, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.53, and RH larger than 30% influenced strongly PNC2.5. The important influence of secondary reactions on PNC2.5 was inferred due to higher correlation coefficients between PNC2.5 and SO42-, NO3-, NH4+ (r=0.78-0.89; p<0.01) and between PNC2.5 and ratios that represent the conversion of nitrogen and sulfur oxides to particulate matter (r=0.42-0.49; p<0.01). Under specific RH conditions, there were even stronger correlations between PNC2.5 and NO3-, SO42-, NH4+, while those between PNC2.5 and EC, OC were relatively weak, especially when RH exceeded 50%. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that secondary sources, vehicle emission and coal combustion might be major contributors to PNC2.5. Backward trajectory and potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis suggested that the transport of air masses originated from these regions around Tianjin (Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong and Jiangsu) influenced critically PNC2.5. The north of Jiangsu, the west of Shandong, and the east of Hebei were distinguished as major potential source-areas of PNC2.5 by PSCF model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshuang Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaohui Bi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Tianjin Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zhimei Xiao
- Tianjin Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Qili Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yufen Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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6
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Shen L, Wang H, Lü S, Li L, Yuan J, Zhang X, Tian X, Tang Q. Observation of aerosol size distribution and new particle formation at a coastal city in the Yangtze River Delta, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 565:1175-1184. [PMID: 27261424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol number size distribution in the range of 10nm-10μm, trace gases (O3, CO, SO2 and NO2), particular matter (PM: PM2.5 and PM10) and meteorological elements were measured from the 1st to the 31st of May, 2015, in the coastal city of Jiaxing in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). The average number concentration and surface area concentration were 19,639cm(-3) and 427μm(2)cm(-3) during the observation period. The different mode particle concentrations ranked in the order of Aitken mode (12,361cm(-3))>nucleation (4926.7cm(-3))>accumulation (2349.3cm(-3))>coarse mode (1.7cm(-3)). The average concentrations of CO, SO2, NO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 were 0.545mgm(-3), 14.7, 35.1, 89.8, 43.5 and 64.6μgm(-3), respectively. Eight precipitation processes and 15 new particle formation (NPF) events (3 NPF events occurred on a rainy day) were observed. Results show that the precipitation process had greater scavenging effects on particles smaller than 120nm and larger than 2μm. The spectral distributions of number concentrations were unimodal at different weather conditions, with peaks at 20nm, 40-60nm, 50-80nm on NPF days, rainy days and normal days. During the NPF events, the formation rate (FR), growth rate (GR), condensational sink (CS), vapor source rate (Q) and condensing vapor concentration (C) were in the range of 4.0-17.0cm(-3)s(-1), 2.2-15.7nmh(-1), 1.5-5.8×10(-2)s(-1), 0.5-7.7×10(6)cm(-3)s(-1) and 3.0-21.5×10(7)cm(-3), with mean values of 9.6cm(-3)s(-1), 6.8nmh(-1), 3.4×10(-2)s(-1), 3.3×10(6)cm(-3)s(-1) and 9.4×10(7)cm(-3), respectively. NPF events normally occurred under clean atmospheric conditions with low PM concentrations but high levels of trace gases. It was also found that SO2 plays an important role in NPF and growth in Jiaxing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Jiaxing Environmental Monitoring Station, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Sheng Lü
- Jiaxing Environmental Monitoring Station, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Li Li
- Jiaxing Environmental Monitoring Station, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Jiaxing Environmental Monitoring Station, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Jiaxing Environmental Monitoring Station, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Xudong Tian
- Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qian Tang
- Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Daskalakis V, Charalambous F, Demetriou C, Georgiou G. Surface-active organic matter induces salt morphology transitions during new atmospheric particle formation and growth. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09187j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The salt within an aerosol nucleus assumes a brine morphology in increasing presence of organic matter on the surface. This affects, in turn, the water uptake dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Daskalakis
- Cyprus University of Technology
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology
- 3603 Limassol
- Cyprus
| | - Fevronia Charalambous
- Cyprus University of Technology
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology
- 3603 Limassol
- Cyprus
| | - Constantinos Demetriou
- Cyprus University of Technology
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology
- 3603 Limassol
- Cyprus
| | - Georgia Georgiou
- Cyprus University of Technology
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology
- 3603 Limassol
- Cyprus
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8
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Crilley LR, Jayaratne ER, Ayoko GA, Miljevic B, Ristovski Z, Morawska L. Observations on the formation, growth and chemical composition of aerosols in an urban environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:6588-6596. [PMID: 24847803 DOI: 10.1021/es5019509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The charge and chemical composition of ambient particles in an urban environment were determined using a neutral particle and air ion spectrometer and an aerodyne compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer. Particle formation and growth events were observed on 20 of the 36 days of sampling, with eight of these events classified as strong. During these events, peaks in the concentration of intermediate and large ions were followed by peaks in the concentration of ammonium and sulfate, which were not observed in the organic fraction. Comparison of days with and without particle formation events revealed that ammonium and sulfate were the dominant species on particle formation days while high concentrations of biomass burning OA inhibited particle growth. Analyses of the degree of particle neutralization lead us to conclude that an excess of ammonium enabled particle formation and growth. In addition, the large ion concentration increased sharply during particle growth, suggesting that during nucleation the neutral gaseous species ammonia and sulfuric acid react to form ammonium and sulfate ions. Overall, we conclude that the mechanism of particle formation and growth involved ammonia and sulfuric acid, with limited input from organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh R Crilley
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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9
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Observation and Analysis of Particle Nucleation at a Forest Site in Southeastern US. ATMOSPHERE 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos4020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Hou GL, Lin W, Deng SHM, Zhang J, Zheng WJ, Paesani F, Wang XB. Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectroscopy Reveals Thermodynamic Advantage of Organic Acids in Facilitating Formation of Bisulfate Ion Clusters: Atmospheric Implications. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:779-785. [PMID: 26281932 DOI: 10.1021/jz400108y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent lab and field measurements have indicated critical roles of organic acids in enhancing new atmospheric aerosol formation. Such findings have stimulated theoretical studies with the aim of understanding the interaction of organic acids with common aerosol nucleation precursors like bisulfate (HSO4(-)). We report a combined negative ion photoelectron spectroscopic and theoretical investigation of molecular clusters formed by HSO4(-) with succinic acid (SUA, HO2C(CH2)2CO2H), HSO4(-)(SUA)n (n = 0-2), along with HSO4(-)(H2O)n and HSO4(-)(H2SO4)n. It is found that one SUA molecule can stabilize HSO4(-) by ca. 39 kcal/mol, three times the corresponding value that one water molecule is capable of (ca. 13 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical calculations reveal the most plausible structures of these clusters and attribute the stability of these clusters to the formation of strong hydrogen bonds. This work provides direct experimental evidence showing significant thermodynamic advantage by involving organic acid molecules to promote formation and growth in bisulfate clusters and aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lei Hou
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Lin
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | | | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Francesco Paesani
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Pikridas M, Riipinen I, Hildebrandt L, Kostenidou E, Manninen H, Mihalopoulos N, Kalivitis N, Burkhart JF, Stohl A, Kulmala M, Pandis SN. New particle formation at a remote site in the eastern Mediterranean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Saiz-Lopez A, Plane JMC, Baker AR, Carpenter LJ, von Glasow R, Gómez Martín JC, McFiggans G, Saunders RW. Atmospheric Chemistry of Iodine. Chem Rev 2011; 112:1773-804. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200029u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Climate Science (CIAC), CSIC, Toledo, Spain
| | - John M. C. Plane
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Alex R. Baker
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy J. Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Roland von Glasow
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gordon McFiggans
- School of Earth, Atmospheric & Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Erupe ME, Benson DR, Li J, Young LH, Verheggen B, Al-Refai M, Tahboub O, Cunningham V, Frimpong F, Viggiano AA, Lee SH. Correlation of aerosol nucleation rate with sulfuric acid and ammonia in Kent, Ohio: An atmospheric observation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Matsui H, Koike M, Kondo Y, Takegawa N, Fast JD, Pöschl U, Garland RM, Andreae MO, Wiedensohler A, Sugimoto N, Zhu T. Spatial and temporal variations of aerosols around Beijing in summer 2006: 2. Local and column aerosol optical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Kathmann SM, Schenter GK, Garrett BC. The Impact of Molecular Interactions on Atmospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(07)00220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Yoon YJ, O'Dowd CD, Jennings SG, Lee SH. Statistical characteristics and predictability of particle formation events at Mace Head. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yu F. Effect of ammonia on new particle formation: A kinetic H2SO4-H2O-NH3nucleation model constrained by laboratory measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang J, Collins D, Covert D, Elleman R, Ferrare RA, Gasparini R, Jonsson H, Ogren J, Sheridan P, Tsay SC. Temporal variation of aerosol properties at a rural continental site and study of aerosol evolution through growth law analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McMurry PH, Fink M, Sakurai H, Stolzenburg MR, Mauldin RL, Smith J, Eisele F, Moore K, Sjostedt S, Tanner D, Huey LG, Nowak JB, Edgerton E, Voisin D. A criterion for new particle formation in the sulfur-rich Atlanta atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gaydos TM. Modeling of in situ ultrafine atmospheric particle formation in the eastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhang Q, Stanier CO, Canagaratna MR, Jayne JT, Worsnop DR, Pandis SN, Jimenez JL. Insights into the chemistry of new particle formation and growth events in Pittsburgh based on aerosol mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2004; 38:4797-4809. [PMID: 15487790 DOI: 10.1021/es035417u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation and growth events have been observed in several urban areas and are of concern due to their potential negative effects on human health. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the chemistry of ultrafine particles during the growth phase of the frequently observed nucleation events in Pittsburgh (approximately 100 events per year) and therefore infer the mechanisms of new particle growth in the urban troposphere. An Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and two SMPS systems were deployed at the U.S. EPA Pittsburgh Supersite during September 2002. Significant nucleation events were observed in 3 out of the 16 days of this deployment, including one of the 10 strongest nucleation events observed in Pittsburgh over a period of 15 months. These events appear to be representative of the climatology of new particle formation and growth in the Pittsburgh region. Distinctive growth of sulfate, ammonium, organics, and nitrate in the ultrafine mode (33-60 nm in a vacuum aerodynamic diameter or approximately 18-33 nm in physical diameter) was observed during each of these three events, with sulfate always being the first (and the fastest) species to increase. Ultrafine ammonium usually increased 10-40 min later than sulfate, causing the ultrafine mode particles to be more acidic during the initial stages of the nucleation events. Significant increase of ultrafine organics often happened after 11:00 a.m., when photochemistry is more intense. This observation coupled with a parallel increase of ultrafine m/z 44, a mass fragment generally representative of oxygenated organic compounds, indicates that secondary organic species contribute significantly to the growth of particles at a relatively later time of the event. Among all these four species, nitrate was always a minor component of the ultrafine particles and contributed the least to the new particle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0216, USA
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McNaughton CS. Spatial distribution and size evolution of particles in Asian outflow: Significance of primary and secondary aerosols during ACE-Asia and TRACE-P. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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O'Dowd CD. A dedicated study of New Particle Formation and Fate in the Coastal Environment (PARFORCE): Overview of objectives and achievements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pirjola L. A model prediction of the yield of cloud condensation nuclei from coastal nucleation events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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O'Dowd CD. Coastal new particle formation: Environmental conditions and aerosol physicochemical characteristics during nucleation bursts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Berresheim H. Gas-aerosol relationships of H2SO4, MSA, and OH: Observations in the coastal marine boundary layer at Mace Head, Ireland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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