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Gao CY, Heald CL, Katich JM, Luo G, Yu F. Remote Aerosol Simulated During the Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) Campaign and Implications for Aerosol Lifetime. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2022; 127:e2022JD036524. [PMID: 36582200 PMCID: PMC9787353 DOI: 10.1029/2022jd036524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigate and assess how well a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) simulates submicron aerosol mass concentrations in the remote troposphere. The simulated speciated aerosol (organic aerosol (OA), black carbon, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) mass concentrations are evaluated against airborne observations made during all four seasons of the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) deployments over the remote Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Such measurements over pristine environments offer fresh insights into the spatial (Northern [NH] and Southern Hemispheres [SH], Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans) and temporal (all seasons) variability in aerosol composition and lifetime, away from continental sources. The model captures the dominance of fine OA and sulfate aerosol mass concentrations in all seasons. There is a high bias across all species in the ATom-2 (NH winter) simulations; implementing recent updates to the wet scavenging parameterization improves our simulations, eliminating the large ATom-2 (NH winter) bias, improving the ATom-1 (NH summer) and ATom-3 (NH fall) simulations, but producing a model underestimate in aerosol mass concentrations for the ATom-4 (NH spring) simulations. Following the wet scavenging updates, simulated global annual mean aerosol lifetimes vary from 1.9 to 4.0 days, depending on species. Aerosol lifetimes in each hemisphere vary by season, and are longest for carbonaceous aerosol during the southern hemispheric fire season. The updated wet scavenging parameterization brings simulated concentrations closer to observations and reduces global aerosol lifetime for all species, indicating the sensitivity of global aerosol lifetime and burden to wet removal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Yuchao Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Now at Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJUSA
| | - Colette L. Heald
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Joseph M. Katich
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)University of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL)BoulderCOUSA
- Now at Ball AerospaceBoulderCOUSA
| | - Gan Luo
- Atmospheric Sciences Research CenterUniversity at AlbanyAlbanyNYUSA
| | - Fangqun Yu
- Atmospheric Sciences Research CenterUniversity at AlbanyAlbanyNYUSA
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Naimie LE, Sullivan AP, Benedict KB, Prenni AJ, Sive BC, Schichtel BA, Fischer EV, Pollack I, Collett J. PM 2.5 in Carlsbad Caverns National Park: Composition, sources, and visibility impacts. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2022; 72:1201-1218. [PMID: 35605169 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2081634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Carlsbad Caverns National Park in southeastern New Mexico is adjacent to the Permian Basin, one of the most productive oil and gas regions in the country. The 2019 Carlsbad Caverns Air Quality Study (CarCavAQS) was designed to examine the influence of regional sources, including urban emissions, oil and gas development, wildfires, and soil dust on air quality in the park. Field measurements of aerosols, trace gases, and deposition were conducted from 25 July through 5 September 2019. Here, we focus on observations of fine particles and key trace gas precursors to understand the important contributing species and their sources and associated impacts on haze. Key gases measured included aerosol precursors, nitric acid and ammonia, and oil and gas tracer, methane. High-time resolution (6-min) PM2.5 mass ranged up to 31.8 µg m-3, with an average of 7.67 µg m-3. The main inorganic ion contributors were sulfate (avg 1.3 µg m-3), ammonium (0.30 µg m-3), calcium (Ca2+) (0.22 µg m-3), nitrate (0.16 µg m-3), and sodium (0.057 µg m-3). The WSOC concentration averaged 1.2 µg C m-3. Sharp spikes were observed in Ca2+, consistent with local dust generation and transport. Ion balance analysis and abundant nitric acid suggest PM2.5 nitrate often reflected reaction between nitric acid and sea salt, forming sodium nitrate, and between nitric acid and soil dust containing calcium carbonate, forming calcium nitrate. Sulfate and soil dust are the major contributors to modeled light extinction in the 24-hr average daily IMPROVE observations. Higher time resolution data revealed a maximum 1-hr extinction value of 90 Mm-1 (excluding coarse aerosol) and included periods of significant light extinction from BC as well as sulfate and soil dust. Residence time analysis indicated enrichment of sulfate, BC, and methane during periods of transport from the southeast, the direction of greatest abundance of oil and gas development.Implications: Rapid development of U.S. oil and gas resources raises concerns about potential impacts on air quality in National Parks. Measurements in Carlsbad Caverns National Park provide new insight into impacts of unconventional oil and gas development and other sources on visual air quality in the park. Major contributors to visibility impairment include sulfate, soil dust (often reacted with nitric acid), and black carbon. The worst periods of visibility and highest concentrations of many aerosol components were observed during transport from the southeast, a region of dense Permian Basin oil and gas development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian E Naimie
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Amy P Sullivan
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - K B Benedict
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Anthony J Prenni
- National Park Service Air Resource Division, Lakewood, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - B C Sive
- National Park Service Air Resource Division, Lakewood, CO, USA
| | - Bret A Schichtel
- National Park Service Air Resource Division, Lakewood, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Emily V Fischer
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ilana Pollack
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Oduber F, Calvo AI, Blanco-Alegre C, Castro A, Alves C, Cerqueira M, Lucarelli F, Nava S, Calzolai G, Martin-Villacorta J, Esteves V, Fraile R. Towards a model for aerosol removal by rain scavenging: The role of physical-chemical characteristics of raindrops. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116758. [PMID: 33387951 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A one-year study was carried out in León, Spain, in order to characterize physically and chemically the precipitation. With the aim of studying the scavenging process of atmospheric pollutants, scavenging ratio and removal coefficients were calculated through physical parameters of raindrops (obtained by disdrometer data) and through chemical properties of aerosols. Finally, linear models for the prediction of the chemical composition of rainwater and the efficiency of the removal effect were established. In general, the rainwater was dominated by NH4+ > SO42- > NO3- in all seasons. Higher ion concentrations and conductivity and lowest pH were observed in summer, due to the low volume of rain. In winter, the high values of Na+ and Cl- in the rainwater showed the contribution from marine sources, while in summer the high concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, NH4+ and NO3- reflected the contribution from both crustal and anthropogenic sources. The linear models revealed that the amount of dissolved organic carbon and of the water-soluble ions in rain samples, Ca2+, SO42-, NO3-, increases with the volume swept by the falling drops. Insoluble carbon fraction has a negative dependence with the volume swept and positive with the diameter of the raindrop. Removal coefficients are affected by the concentration in the air of each species before precipitation, the duration of the event and the time elapsed between two precipitation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Oduber
- Department of Physics, IMARENAB, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Calvo
- Department of Physics, IMARENAB, University of León, León, Spain.
| | | | - Amaya Castro
- Department of Physics, IMARENAB, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Célia Alves
- Department of Environment and Planning, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mário Cerqueira
- Department of Environment and Planning, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Franco Lucarelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence and INFN-Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Nava
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence and INFN-Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Calzolai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence and INFN-Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Valdemar Esteves
- Department of Chemistry, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Roberto Fraile
- Department of Physics, IMARENAB, University of León, León, Spain
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Oduber F, Calvo AI, Castro A, Blanco-Alegre C, Alves C, Barata J, Nunes T, Lucarelli F, Nava S, Calzolai G, Cerqueira M, Martín-Villacorta J, Esteves V, Fraile R. Chemical composition of rainwater under two events of aerosol transport: A Saharan dust outbreak and wildfires. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139202. [PMID: 32460070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A one-year campaign of joint sampling of aerosols and precipitation, carried out in León, Spain, allowed to study the impact of two special events that affected the air quality in the north of the country, on rainfall in the city: a period with wildfires and a Saharan dust intrusion. The wildfires that occurred in northern Portugal and northwestern Spain in August 2016 affected the chemistry of rainfall on 15 August 2016, causing an increase in concentrations of NH4+, Na+, Cl-, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42- and NO3- and in the concentrations of organic acids, which was reflected in the levels of soluble and insoluble organic carbon. This led to acidification of rainwater (pH = 4.8). The second precipitation event was registered between 11 and 14 February 2017, during which the rainwater was collected in four daily fractions (P1, P2, P3 and P4). The rain sample of 12 February (P2) coincided with a Saharan dust intrusion that reached northern Iberia that day. The chemical composition of P2 showed an increase in the Ca2+ (>800%), Mg2+ (71%), Cl- (62%), and SO42- (33%) concentrations, with respect to P1. The input of crustal elements to the atmosphere helped to neutralize the P2 rainwater, causing pH values higher than 6.5. Once the dust intrusion left the north of the Peninsula, the composition of rainwater P3 and P4 revealed a mixture of marine contribution with local anthropogenic emissions, as well as a decrease in ion concentrations and conductivity, and an increase in pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Oduber
- Department of Physics, IMARENAB, University of León, León, Spain
| | - A I Calvo
- Department of Physics, IMARENAB, University of León, León, Spain
| | - A Castro
- Department of Physics, IMARENAB, University of León, León, Spain
| | - C Blanco-Alegre
- Department of Physics, IMARENAB, University of León, León, Spain
| | - C Alves
- Department of Environmental and Planning, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J Barata
- Department of Environmental and Planning, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - T Nunes
- Department of Environmental and Planning, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - F Lucarelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence and INFN-Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Nava
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence and INFN-Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Calzolai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence and INFN-Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M Cerqueira
- Department of Environmental and Planning, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - V Esteves
- Department of Environmental and Planning, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R Fraile
- Department of Physics, IMARENAB, University of León, León, Spain.
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Aswini AR, Hegde P, Aryasree S, Girach IA, Nair PR. Continental outflow of anthropogenic aerosols over Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean during wintertime: ICARB-2018 campaign. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:135214. [PMID: 31836221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosols over Arabian Sea (AS) and Indian Ocean (IO) have been carried out during the winter period (January to February 2018) as part of the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB-2018). Mass concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble and insoluble OC (WSOC, WIOC), primary and secondary OC (POC, SOC), water-soluble inorganic ions and trace metals have been estimated with a view to identify and quantify the major anthropogenic pollutants affecting the oceanic environments. Aerosol mass loading was found to exhibit strong spatial heterogeneity (varying from 13 to 84 μg m-3), significantly modulated by the origin of air-mass trajectories. Chemical analysis of aerosols revealed the presence of an intense pollution plume over south-eastern coastal Arabian Sea, near to south-west Indian peninsula (extending from ~ 12°N to 0° at 75°E) with a strong latitudinal gradient (~3 μg m-3/deg. from north to south) dominated by anthropogenic species contributing as high as 73% (38% nss-SO42-, 24.2% carbonaceous aerosols (21% Organic Matter, 3.2% EC) and 10% NH4+). Anthropogenic signature over oceanic environment was also evident from the dominance and high enrichment of elements like Zn, Cu, Mn and Pb in trace metals. Long-range transport of air-masses originating from Indo Gangetic Plains and its outflow regions in Bay of Bengal, has been seen over Arabian Sea during winter, that imparted such strong anthropogenic signatures over this oceanic environment. Comparison with previous cruise studies conducted nearly two decades ago shows a more than two-fold increase in the concentration of nss-SO42-, over the continental outflow region in Arabian Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Aswini
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India; Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Prashant Hegde
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
| | - S Aryasree
- Institute for applied Geosciences, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Imran A Girach
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Prabha R Nair
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Holden NE, Coplen TB, Böhlke JK, Tarbox LV, Benefield J, de Laeter JR, Mahaffy PG, O’Connor G, Roth E, Tepper DH, Walczyk T, Wieser ME, Yoneda S. IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes (IPTEI) for the Education Community (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2015-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes (IPTEI) was created to familiarize students, teachers, and non-professionals with the existence and importance of isotopes of the chemical elements. The IPTEI is modeled on the familiar Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements. The IPTEI is intended to hang on the walls of chemistry laboratories and classrooms. Each cell of the IPTEI provides the chemical name, symbol, atomic number, and standard atomic weight of an element. Color-coded pie charts in each element cell display the stable isotopes and the relatively long-lived radioactive isotopes having characteristic terrestrial isotopic compositions that determine the standard atomic weight of each element. The background color scheme of cells categorizes the 118 elements into four groups: (1) white indicates the element has no standard atomic weight, (2) blue indicates the element has only one isotope that is used to determine its standard atomic weight, which is given as a single value with an uncertainty, (3) yellow indicates the element has two or more isotopes that are used to determine its standard atomic weight, which is given as a single value with an uncertainty, and (4) pink indicates the element has a well-documented variation in its atomic weight, and the standard atomic weight is expressed as an interval. An element-by-element review accompanies the IPTEI and includes a chart of all known stable and radioactive isotopes for each element. Practical applications of isotopic measurements and technologies are included for the following fields: forensic science, geochronology, Earth-system sciences, environmental science, and human health sciences, including medical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman E. Holden
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, NY , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Etienne Roth
- Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA) , Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Thomas Walczyk
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Michael E. Wieser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
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7
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Real-Time Observations of Dust–Cloud Interactions Based on Polarization and Raman Lidar Measurements. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10071017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Gbaguidi AE, Wang Z, Wang W, Yang T, Chen HS. Source tagging modeling study of regional contributions to acid rain in summer over Liaoning Province, Northeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:780-790. [PMID: 29353797 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Strong acid rain was recently observed over Northeastern China, particularly in summer in Liaoning Province where alkaline dust largely neutralized acids in the past. This seems to be related to the regional transboundary pollution and poses new challenges in acid rain control scheme in China. In order to delve into the regional transport impact, and quantify its potential contributions to such an "eruption" of acid rain over Liaoning, this paper employs an online source tagging model in coupling with the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System (NAQPMS). Validation of predictions shows the model capability in reproducing key meteorological and chemical features. Acid concentration over Liaoning is more pronounced in August (average of 0.087 mg/m3) with strong pollutant import from regional sources against significant depletion of basic species. Seasonal mean contributions from regional sources are assessed at both lower and upper boundary layers to elucidate the main pathways of the impact of regional sources on acid concentration over Liaoning. At the upper layer (1.2 km), regional sources contribute to acid concentration over Liaoning by 67%, mainly from Shandong (16%), Hebei (13%), Tianjin (11%) and Korean Peninsula (9%). Identified main city-receptors in Liaoning are Dandong, Dalian, Chaohu, Yingkou, Liaoyang, Jinfu, Shengyang, Panjin, Tieling, Benxi, Anshan and Fushun. At lower layer (120 m) where Liaoning local contribution is dominant (58%), regional sources account for 39% in acid concentration. However, inter-municipal acid exchanges are prominent at this layer and many cities in Liaoning are revealed as important sources of local acid production. Seasonal acid contribution average within 1.2 km-120 m attains 55%, suggesting dominance of vertical pollutant transport from regional sources towards lower boundary layer in Liaoning. As direct environmental implication, this study provides policy makers with a perspective of regulating the regional transboundary environmental impact assessment in China with application to acid rain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Gbaguidi
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zifa Wang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Huan-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China
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9
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A Comparison of the Mineral Dust Absorptive Properties between Two Asian Dust Events. ATMOSPHERE 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos4010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Cayetano MG, Kim YJ, Jung JS, Batmunkh T, Lee KY, Kim SY, Kim KC, Kim DG, Lee SJ, Kim JS, Chang LS. Observed chemical characteristics of long-range transported particles at a marine background site in Korea. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2011; 61:1192-1203. [PMID: 22168103 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2011.604001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Deokjeok Island is located off the west coast of the Korean Peninsula and is a suitable place to monitor the long-range transport of air pollutants from the Asian continent. In addition to pollutants, Asian dust particles are also transported to the island during long-range transport events. Episodic transport of dust and secondary particles was observed during intensive measurements in the spring (March 31-April 11) and fall (October 13-26) of 2009. In this study, the chemical characteristics of long-range-transported particles were investigated based on highly time-resolved ionic measurements with a particle-into-liquid system coupled with an online ion chromatograph (PILS-IC) that simultaneously measures concentrations of cations (Li+, Na , NH4+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and anions (F-, C1-, NO3-, SO42-). The aerosol optical thickness (AOT) distribution retrieved by the modified Bremen Aerosol Retrieval (M-BAER) algorithm from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data confirmed the presence of a thick aerosol plume coming from the Asian continent towards the Korean peninsula. Seven distinctive events involving the long-range transport (LRT) of aerosols were identified and studied, the chemical components of which were strongly related to sector sources. Enrichment of acidic secondary aerosols on mineral dust particles, and even of sea-salt components, during transport was observed in this study. Backward trajectory, chemical analyses, and satellite aerosol retrievals identified two distinct events: a distinctively high [Ca2++Mg2]/[Na+] ratio (>2.0), which was indicative of a preprocessed mineral dust transport event, and a low [Ca2++Mg2+]/[Na+] ratio (<2.0), which was indicative of severe aging of sea-salt components on the processed dust particles. Particulate C1- was depleted by up to 85% in spring and 50% in the fall. A consistent fraction of carbonate replacement (FCR) averaged 0.53 in spring and 0.55 in the fall. Supporting evidences of C1- enrichment on the marine boundary layer prior to a dust front were also found. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association for sector and air mass classifications of clean and LRT cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylene G Cayetano
- Advanced Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
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Wang SH, Lin NH, OuYang CF, Wang JL, Campbell JR, Peng CM, Lee CT, Sheu GR, Tsay SC. Impact of Asian dust and continental pollutants on cloud chemistry observed in northern Taiwan during the experimental period of ABC/EAREX 2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Hsu SC, Liu SC, Arimoto R, Shiah FK, Gong GC, Huang YT, Kao SJ, Chen JP, Lin FJ, Lin CY, Huang JC, Tsai F, Lung SCC. Effects of acidic processing, transport history, and dust and sea salt loadings on the dissolution of iron from Asian dust. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Solmon F, Chuang PY, Meskhidze N, Chen Y. Acidic processing of mineral dust iron by anthropogenic compounds over the north Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Chuang MT, Fu JS, Jang CJ, Chan CC, Ni PC, Lee CT. Simulation of long-range transport aerosols from the Asian Continent to Taiwan by a southward Asian high-pressure system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 406:168-179. [PMID: 18790518 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol is frequently transported by a southward high-pressure system from the Asian Continent to Taiwan and had been recorded a 100% increase in mass level compared to non-event days from 2002 to 2005. During this time period, PM2.5 sulfate was found to increase as high as 155% on event days as compared to non-event days. In this study, Asian emission estimations, Taiwan Emission Database System (TEDS), and meteorological simulation results from the fifth-generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) were used as inputs for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to simulate a long-range transport of PM2.5 event in a southward high-pressure system from the Asian Continent to Taiwan. The simulation on aerosol mass level and the associated aerosol components were found within a reasonable accuracy. During the transport process, the percentage of semi-volatile PM2.5 organic carbon in PM2.5 plume only slightly decreased from 22-24% in Shanghai to 21% near Taiwan. However, the percentage of PM2.5 nitrate in PM2.5 decreased from 16-25% to 1%. In contrast, the percentage of PM2.5 sulfate in PM2.5 increased from 16-19% to 35%. It is interesting to note that the percentage of PM2.5 ammonium and PM2.5 elemental carbon in PM2.5 remained nearly constant. Simulation results revealed that transported pollutants dominate the air quality in Taipei when the southward high-pressure system moved to Taiwan. Such condition demonstrates the dynamic chemical transformation of pollutants during the transport process from continental origin over the sea area and to the downwind land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tung Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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15
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Chuang MT, Chiang PC, Chan CC, Wang CF, Chang EE, Lee CT. The effects of synoptical weather pattern and complex terrain on the formation of aerosol events in the Greater Taipei area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 399:128-146. [PMID: 18485452 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2007] [Revised: 01/26/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aerosol in the Taipei basin is difficult to transport outward under specific weather patterns owing to complex terrain blocking. In this study, seven weather patterns are identified from synoptic weather maps for aerosol events, which occurred from March 2002 to February 2005. Among the identified weather patterns, High Pressure Peripheral Circulation (HPPC), Warm area Ahead of a cold Front (WAF), TYPhoon (TYP), Pacific High Pressure system stretching westerly (PHP), Weak High Pressure system (WHP), and Weak Southern Wind (WSW) are related to terrain blocking. The remaining pattern is High Pressure system Pushing (HPP). The classification of the pollution origin of the air masses shows that 15% of event days were contributed by long-range transport (LRT), 20% by local pollution (LP), and 65% by LRT/LP mix. Terrain blocking causes aerosol accumulation from high atmospheric stability and weak winds occurring under HPPC, TYP, and PHP weather patterns when the Taipei basin is situated on the lee side of the Snow Mountains Chain (SMC). Terrain blocking also occurs when the Taipei basin is situated on the upwind of SMC and Mt. Da-Twen under WAF and WSW patterns. To study the variation of aerosol properties under the mixed influence of terrain and pollution origin, we conducted a field observation simultaneously at the urban, suburban, and background sites in the Greater Taipei area from April 14 to 23, 2004. Terrain blocking plays an important role in aerosol accumulation in the stagnant environment when the Taipei basin is on the lee side of SMC. On the other hand, the PM(2.5) sulfate level is stable with a fraction of 30% in PM(2.5) during the observation period at the urban (25%-33%) and background (25%-41%) sites. It indicates that background PM(2.5) sulfate is high on the West Pacific in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tung Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan
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Takiguchi Y, Takami A, Sadanaga Y, Lun X, Shimizu A, Matsui I, Sugimoto N, Wang W, Bandow H, Hatakeyama S. Transport and transformation of total reactive nitrogen over the East China Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Pozzoli L, Bey I, Rast S, Schultz MG, Stier P, Feichter J. Trace gas and aerosol interactions in the fully coupled model of aerosol-chemistry-climate ECHAM5-HAMMOZ: 1. Model description and insights from the spring 2001 TRACE-P experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jeong JI, Park SU. Interaction of gaseous pollutants with aerosols in Asia during March 2002. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 392:262-276. [PMID: 18191987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 11/03/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Asian Dust Aerosol Model (ADAM) and the aerosol dynamic model with the output of the fifth generation of mesoscale model (MM5) in a grid of 60x60 km2 over the Asian domain have been performed with and without the heterogeneous reaction (gas-aerosol interaction) to estimate the effect of the gas-aerosol interaction on the formation of aerosol for the period of 1-31 March 2002 when a severe Asian dust event has been observed during this period. The simulated gas-phase pollutants concentrations and aerosols are compared with those observed in South Korea and the East Asia Network (EANET). The results indicate that the present modeling system including ADAM, aerosol dynamic model and MM5 model simulates quite well and the gas-phase pollutants concentrations observed in South Korea and the simulated aerosol concentrations with the gas-aerosol interaction yield much better results in concentrations than those without the gas-aerosol interaction. It is found that the favorable regions for the gas-aerosol interaction in Asia are eastern China (high pollutants emissions), Korea, Japan and the East China Sea that are downstream regions of the Asian dust sources and relatively high relative humidity. In these regions the concentrations of SO2 and O3 decrease whereas the concentrations of sulfate and nitrate increase significantly due to the gas-aerosol interaction. In particular, the increase of sulfate concentration due to the interaction is more than 30% of the corresponding concentration without the gas-aerosol interaction. It is also found that the time-area mean column concentrations of PM10, sulfate, nitrate in the model domain are respectively to be 154.9, 3.2, 3.6 mg m(-2) without the gas-aerosol interaction. However, with the gas-aerosol interaction these values have been increased to 0.6% (155.8 mg m(-2)), 16% (3.7 mg m(-2)), and 14% (4.1 mg m(-2)) of the corresponding concentration without the gas-aerosol interaction. On the other hand, the time-area mean concentration of ammonium is found to decrease about 13% (1.8 mg m(-2) to 1.6 mg m(-2)) due to the gas-aerosol interaction. The result clearly indicates the importance of the gas-aerosol interaction on the tropospheric chemistry during the long-range transport period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-In Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Nee JB, Chiang CW, Hu HL, Hu SX, Yu JY. Lidar measurements of Asian dust storms and dust cloud interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Miller RL, Cakmur RV, Perlwitz J, Geogdzhayev IV, Ginoux P, Koch D, Kohfeld KE, Prigent C, Ruedy R, Schmidt GA, Tegen I. Mineral dust aerosols in the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences ModelE atmospheric general circulation model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Mashburn CD, Frinak EK, Tolbert MA. Heterogeneous uptake of nitric acid on Na-montmorillonite clay as a function of relative humidity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Heald CL, Jacob DJ, Park RJ, Alexander B, Fairlie TD, Yantosca RM, Chu DA. Transpacific transport of Asian anthropogenic aerosols and its impact on surface air quality in the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Frinak EK. Infrared characterization of water uptake by low-temperature Na-montmorillonite: Implications for Earth and Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Bauer SE. Impact of heterogeneous sulfate formation at mineral dust surfaces on aerosol loads and radiative forcing in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Park RJ. Export efficiency of black carbon aerosol in continental outflow: Global implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ooki A. Chemical interactions between mineral dust particles and acid gases during Asian dust events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Arimoto R. Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols from Zhenbeitai, China, and Gosan, South Korea, during ACE-Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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McNaughton CS. Spatial distribution and size evolution of particles in Asian outflow: Significance of primary and secondary aerosols during ACE-Asia and TRACE-P. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Park RJ. Natural and transboundary pollution influences on sulfate-nitrate-ammonium aerosols in the United States: Implications for policy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 662] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tang Y. Impacts of dust on regional tropospheric chemistry during the ACE-Asia experiment: A model study with observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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DeBell LJ. Asian dust storm events of spring 2001 and associated pollutants observed in New England by the Atmospheric Investigation, Regional Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (AIRMAP) monitoring network. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Maxwell-Meier K. Inorganic composition of fine particles in mixed mineral dust–pollution plumes observed from airborne measurements during ACE-Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Tang Y. Three-dimensional simulations of inorganic aerosol distributions in east Asia during spring 2001. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jordan CE, Anderson BE, Talbot RW, Dibb JE, Fuelberg HE, Hudgins CH, Kiley CM, Russo R, Scheuer E, Seid G, Thornhill KL, Winstead E. Chemical and physical properties of bulk aerosols within four sectors observed during TRACE-P. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. E. Jordan
- National Research Council, NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - B. E. Anderson
- Atmospheric Sciences Competency, NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - R. W. Talbot
- Complex Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - J. E. Dibb
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - H. E. Fuelberg
- Department of Meteorology; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - C. H. Hudgins
- Atmospheric Sciences Competency, NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - C. M. Kiley
- Department of Meteorology; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - R. Russo
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - E. Scheuer
- Complex Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - G. Seid
- Complex Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | | | - E. Winstead
- GATS, NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
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Tang Y, Carmichael GR, Uno I, Woo JH, Kurata G, Lefer B, Shetter RE, Huang H, Anderson BE, Avery MA, Clarke AD, Blake DR. Impacts of aerosols and clouds on photolysis frequencies and photochemistry during TRACE-P: 2. Three-dimensional study using a regional chemical transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Tang
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Gregory R. Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Itsushi Uno
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Jung-Hun Woo
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Gakuji Kurata
- Department of Ecological Engineering; Toyohashi University of Technology; Toyohashi Japan
| | - Barry Lefer
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Hao Huang
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | | | | | - Antony D. Clarke
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Irvine; Irvine California USA
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36
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Ma Y, Weber RJ, Lee YN, Orsini DA, Maxwell-Meier K, Thornton DC, Bandy AR, Clarke AD, Blake DR, Sachse GW, Fuelberg HE, Kiley CM, Woo JH, Streets DG, Carmichael GR. Characteristics and influence of biosmoke on the fine-particle ionic composition measured in Asian outflow during the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ma
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - R. J. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Y.-N. Lee
- Environmental Sciences Department; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Upton New York USA
| | - D. A. Orsini
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - K. Maxwell-Meier
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - D. C. Thornton
- Department of Chemistry; Drexel University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - A. R. Bandy
- Department of Chemistry; Drexel University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - A. D. Clarke
- Department of Oceanography; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Irvine; Irvine California USA
| | - G. W. Sachse
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - H. E. Fuelberg
- Department of Meteorology; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - C. M. Kiley
- Department of Meteorology; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - J.-H. Woo
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | | | - G. R. Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
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37
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Jacob DJ. Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) aircraft mission: Design, execution, and first results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Koike M. Export of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen and sulfur compounds from the East Asia region in spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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