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Qi P, Lang J, Qi H, Wang X. Emissions leakage embodied in inter-provincial trade brings unexpected air quality and health benefits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167085. [PMID: 37716684 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Inter-provincial trade can bring "emission leakage", and consequently influence the air quality and public health. However, there has been a lack of systematic research on air pollution and public health related to emission leakage embodied in inter-provincial trade of China. Here, we systematically evaluated for the first time the influence of emission leakage on national air pollution and related premature deaths in 2012 of China. Unexpected opposite influences of emission leakage on emission and air quality/public health were discovered. Emission leakage embodied in inter-provincial trade in 2012 of China led to an increase of 1.4 % to 4.8 % in national air pollutant emissions, but a decrease of 1.5 % (-0.8 μg·m-3) in population-weighted concentration of PM2.5, while avoiding 1.1 % (-1.4 × 104 people) of premature deaths. Therefore, to reveal the intrinsic mechanism of this opposite influences, we proposed two coefficients, the Concentration per unit primary PM2.5 emission (CPE, unit: μg·m-3/t) and the Death per unit primary PM2.5 emission (DPE, unit: people/t), to characterize the response of air quality and health to emission leakage embodied in inter-provincial trade. Statistical analysis indicated that both the above coefficients showed significant negative correlation (P < 0.05) with provincial PM2.5 emissions changes. The findings offer a means of adjustment and its related evaluation parameters for the emission transfer caused by inter-provincial trade, thereby contributing to further improvement environmental and health benefits through inter-provincial trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jianlei Lang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Haoyun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Li Q, Badia A, Fernandez RP, Mahajan AS, López‐Noreña AI, Zhang Y, Wang S, Puliafito E, Cuevas CA, Saiz‐Lopez A. Chemical Interactions Between Ship-Originated Air Pollutants and Ocean-Emitted Halogens. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2021; 126:e2020JD034175. [PMID: 33816042 PMCID: PMC8008258 DOI: 10.1029/2020jd034175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ocean-going ships supply products from one region to another and contribute to the world's economy. Ship exhaust contains many air pollutants and results in significant changes in marine atmospheric composition. The role of reactive halogen species (RHS) in the troposphere has received increasing recognition and oceans are the largest contributors to their atmospheric burden. However, the impact of shipping emissions on RHS and that of RHS on ship-originated air pollutants have not been studied in detail. Here, an updated Weather Research Forecasting coupled with Chemistry model is utilized to explore the chemical interactions between ship emissions and oceanic RHS over the East Asia seas in summer. The emissions and resulting chemical transformations from shipping activities increase the level of NO and NO2 at the surface, increase O3 in the South China Sea, but decrease O3 in the East China Sea. Such changes in pollutants result in remarkable changes in the levels of RHS (>200% increase of chlorine; ∼30% and ∼5% decrease of bromine and iodine, respectively) as well as in their partitioning. The abundant RHS, in turn, reshape the loadings of air pollutants (∼20% decrease of NO and NO2; ∼15% decrease of O3) and those of the oxidants (>10% reduction of OH and HO2; ∼40% decrease of NO3) with marked patterns along the ship tracks. We, therefore, suggest that these important chemical interactions of ship-originated emissions with RHS should be considered in the environmental policy assessments of the role of shipping emissions in air quality and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Li
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and ClimateInstitute of Physical Chemistry RocasolanoCSICMadridSpain
| | - Alba Badia
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA)Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Rafael P. Fernandez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and ClimateInstitute of Physical Chemistry RocasolanoCSICMadridSpain
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (ICB)National Research Council (CONICET)FCEN‐UNCuyoMendozaArgentina
| | - Anoop S. Mahajan
- Centre for Climate Change ResearchIndian Institute of Tropical MeteorologyPuneIndia
| | - Ana Isabel López‐Noreña
- Atmospheric and Environmental Studies Group (GEAA)National Technological University (UTN‐FRM)CONICETMendozaArgentina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and PreventionFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and PreventionFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Enrique Puliafito
- Atmospheric and Environmental Studies Group (GEAA)National Technological University (UTN‐FRM)CONICETMendozaArgentina
| | - Carlos A. Cuevas
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and ClimateInstitute of Physical Chemistry RocasolanoCSICMadridSpain
| | - Alfonso Saiz‐Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and ClimateInstitute of Physical Chemistry RocasolanoCSICMadridSpain
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Shen L, Wang Z, Cheng H, Liang S, Xiang P, Hu K, Yin T, Yu J. A Spatial-Temporal Resolved Validation of Source Apportionment by Measurements of Ambient VOCs in Central China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030791. [PMID: 32012837 PMCID: PMC7037836 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential in the implementation of abatement measures of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosols. In this study, we conducted offline VOC measurements at residential, industrial, and background sites in Wuhan City from July 2016 to June 2017. Ambient samples were simultaneously collected at each site and were analyzed using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection system. The highest mixing ratio of total VOCs was measured at the industrial site, followed by the residential, and background sites. Alkanes constituted the largest percentage (>35%) in the mixing ratios of quantified VOCs at the industrial and residential sites, followed by oxy-organics and alkenes (15–25%).The values of aromatics and halohydrocarbons were less than 15%. By contrast, the highest values of oxy-organics accounted for more than 30%. The model of positive matrix factorization was applied to identify the VOC sources and quantify the relative contributions of various sources. Gasoline-related emission (the combination of gasoline exhaust and gas vapor) was the most important VOC-source in the industrial and residential areas, with a relative contribution of 32.1% and 40.4%, respectively. Industrial process was the second most important source with a relative contribution ranging from 30.0% to 40.7%. The relative contribution of solvent usage was 6.5–22.3%. Meanwhile, the relative contribution of biogenic emission was only within the range of 2.0–5.0%. These findings implied the importance of controlling gasoline-related and industrial VOC emissions in reducing the VOC emissions in Wuhan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjiao Shen
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (L.S.); (H.C.)
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Wuhan, Wuhan 430022, China; (S.L.); (K.H.); (T.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Zuwu Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (L.S.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-8580-6823
| | - Hairong Cheng
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (L.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Shengwen Liang
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Wuhan, Wuhan 430022, China; (S.L.); (K.H.); (T.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ping Xiang
- Nanjing Intelligent Environmental Sci-Tech Company Limited, Nanjing 211800, China;
| | - Ke Hu
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Wuhan, Wuhan 430022, China; (S.L.); (K.H.); (T.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ting Yin
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Wuhan, Wuhan 430022, China; (S.L.); (K.H.); (T.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jia Yu
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Wuhan, Wuhan 430022, China; (S.L.); (K.H.); (T.Y.); (J.Y.)
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Geng C, Yang W, Sun X, Wang X, Bai Z, Zhang X. Emission factors, ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential of volatile organic compounds emitted from industrial biomass boilers. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 83:64-72. [PMID: 31221388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the potential benefits of biomass use for air pollution control, this paper identified and quantified the emissions of major reactive organic compounds anticipated from biomass-fired industrial boilers. Wood pellets (WP) and straw pellets (SP) were burned to determine the volatile organic compound emission profiles for each biomass-boiler combination. More than 100 types of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured from the two biomass boilers. The measured VOC species included alkanes, alkenes and acetylenes, aromatics, halocarbons and carbonyls. A single coal-fired boiler (CB) was also studied to provide a basis for comparison. Biomass boiler 1 (BB1) emitted relatively high proportions of alkanes (28.9%-38.1% by mass) and alkenes and acetylenes (23.4%-40.8%), while biomass boiler 2 (BB2) emitted relatively high proportions of aromatics (27.9%-29.2%) and oxygenated VOCs (33.0%-44.8%). The total VOC (TVOC) emission factors from BB1 (128.59-146.16 mg/kg) were higher than those from BB2 (41.26-85.29 mg/kg). The total ozone formation potential (OFP) ranged from 6.26 to 81.75 mg/m3 with an average of 33.66 mg/m3 for the two biomass boilers. The total secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP) ranged from 61.56 to 211.67 mg/m3 with an average of 142.27 mg/m3 for the two biomass boilers. The emission factors (EFs) of TVOCs from biomass boilers in this study were similar to those for industrial coal-fired boilers with the same thermal power. These data can supplement existing VOC emission factors for biomass combustion and thus enrich the VOC emission inventory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xuesong Sun
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xinhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China.
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Huang M, Carmichael GR, Pierce RB, Jo DS, Park RJ, Flemming J, Emmons LK, Bowman KW, Henze DK, Davila Y, Sudo K, Jonson JE, Lund MT, Janssens-Maenhout G, Dentener FJ, Keating TJ, Oetjen H, Payne VH. Impact of intercontinental pollution transport on North American ozone air pollution: an HTAP phase 2 multi-model study. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:5721-5750. [PMID: 29780406 PMCID: PMC5954439 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-5721-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The recent update on the US National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of the ground-level ozone (O3/ can benefit from a better understanding of its source contributions in different US regions during recent years. In the Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution experiment phase 1 (HTAP1), various global models were used to determine the O3 source-receptor (SR) relationships among three continents in the Northern Hemisphere in 2001. In support of the HTAP phase 2 (HTAP2) experiment that studies more recent years and involves higher-resolution global models and regional models' participation, we conduct a number of regional-scale Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM) air quality base and sensitivity simulations over North America during May-June 2010. STEM's top and lateral chemical boundary conditions were downscaled from three global chemical transport models' (i.e., GEOS-Chem, RAQMS, and ECMWF C-IFS) base and sensitivity simulations in which the East Asian (EAS) anthropogenic emissions were reduced by 20 %. The mean differences between STEM surface O3 sensitivities to the emission changes and its corresponding boundary condition model's are smaller than those among its boundary condition models, in terms of the regional/period-mean (<10 %) and the spatial distributions. An additional STEM simulation was performed in which the boundary conditions were downscaled from a RAQMS (Realtime Air Quality Modeling System) simulation without EAS anthropogenic emissions. The scalability of O3 sensitivities to the size of the emission perturbation is spatially varying, and the full (i.e., based on a 100% emission reduction) source contribution obtained from linearly scaling the North American mean O3 sensitivities to a 20% reduction in the EAS anthropogenic emissions may be underestimated by at least 10 %. The three boundary condition models' mean O3 sensitivities to the 20% EAS emission perturbations are ~8% (May-June 2010)/~11% (2010 annual) lower than those estimated by eight global models, and the multi-model ensemble estimates are higher than the HTAP1 reported 2001 conditions. GEOS-Chem sensitivities indicate that the EAS anthropogenic NO x emissions matter more than the other EAS O3 precursors to the North American O3, qualitatively consistent with previous adjoint sensitivity calculations. In addition to the analyses on large spatial-temporal scales relative to the HTAP1, we also show results on subcontinental and event scales that are more relevant to the US air quality management. The EAS pollution impacts are weaker during observed O3 exceedances than on all days in most US regions except over some high-terrain western US rural/remote areas. Satellite O3 (TES, JPL-IASI, and AIRS) and carbon monoxide (TES and AIRS) products, along with surface measurements and model calculations, show that during certain episodes stratospheric O3 intrusions and the transported EAS pollution influenced O3 in the western and the eastern US differently. Free-running (i.e., without chemical data assimilation) global models underpredicted the transported background O3 during these episodes, posing difficulties for STEM to accurately simulate the surface O3 and its source contribution. Although we effectively improved the modeled O3 by incorporating satellite O3 (OMI and MLS) and evaluated the quality of the HTAP2 emission inventory with the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute-Ozone Monitoring Instrument (KNMI-OMI) nitrogen dioxide, using observations to evaluate and improve O3 source attribution still remains to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - R. Bradley Pierce
- NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin W. Bowman
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Yanko Davila
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kengo Sudo
- Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hilke Oetjen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Vivienne H. Payne
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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An X, Sun Z, Lin W, Jin M, Li N. Emission inventory evaluation using observations of regional atmospheric background stations of China. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:537-546. [PMID: 23923427 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Any accurate simulation of regional air quality by numerical models entails accurate and up-to-date emissions data for that region. The INTEX-B2006 (I06), one of the newest emission inventories recently popularly used in China and East Asia, has been assessed using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model and observations from regional atmospheric background stations of China. Comparisons of the model results with the observations for the species SO2, NO2, O3 and CO from the three regional atmospheric background stations of Shangdianzi, Longfengshan and Linan show that the model can basically capture the temporal characteristics of observations such as the monthly, seasonal and diurnal variance trends. Compared to the other three species, the simulated CO values were grossly underestimated by about two-third or one-half of the observed values, related to the uncertainty in CO emissions. Compared to the other two stations, Shangdianzi had poorer simulations, especially for SO2 and CO, which partly resulted from the site location close to local emission sources from the Beijing area; and the regional inventory used was not capable of capturing the influencing factors of strong regional sources on stations. Generally, the fact that summer gave poor simulation, especially for SO2 and O3, might partly relate to poor simulations of meteorological fields such as temperature and wind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqin An
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China.
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7
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Hsu NC, Li C, Krotkov NA, Liang Q, Yang K, Tsay SC. Rapid transpacific transport in autumn observed by the A-train satellites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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Lal S, Sahu LK, Venkataramani S, Mallik C. Light non-methane hydrocarbons at two sites in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:1159-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c2em10682e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Turnbull JC, Tans PP, Lehman SJ, Baker D, Conway TJ, Chung YS, Gregg J, Miller JB, Southon JR, Zhou LX. Atmospheric observations of carbon monoxide and fossil fuel CO2emissions from East Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Wang Y, Wang X, Kondo Y, Kajino M, Munger JW, Hao J. Black carbon and its correlation with trace gases at a rural site in Beijing: Top-down constraints from ambient measurements on bottom-up emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Environment; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Yutaka Kondo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Mizuo Kajino
- Meteorological Research Institute; Tsukuba Japan
| | - J. William Munger
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Jiming Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
- School of Environment; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
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Verma RL, Kondo Y, Oshima N, Matsui H, Kita K, Sahu LK, Kato S, Kajii Y, Takami A, Miyakawa T. Seasonal variations of the transport of black carbon and carbon monoxide from the Asian continent to the western Pacific in the boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Verma
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kondo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - N. Oshima
- Meteorological Research Institute; Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - H. Matsui
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kita
- Faculty of Science; Ibaraki University; Mito Japan
| | - L. K. Sahu
- Physical Research Laboratory; Ahmedabad India
| | - S. Kato
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kajii
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Tokyo Japan
| | - A. Takami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - T. Miyakawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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12
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Kondo Y, Oshima N, Kajino M, Mikami R, Moteki N, Takegawa N, Verma RL, Kajii Y, Kato S, Takami A. Emissions of black carbon in East Asia estimated from observations at a remote site in the East China Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Jiang Z, Jones DBA, Kopacz M, Liu J, Henze DK, Heald C. Quantifying the impact of model errors on top-down estimates of carbon monoxide emissions using satellite observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Fortems-Cheiney A, Chevallier F, Pison I, Bousquet P, Szopa S, Deeter MN, Clerbaux C. Ten years of CO emissions as seen from Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Li L, Chen C, Huang C, Huang H, Zhang G, Wangi Y, Chen M, Wang H, Chen Y, Streets DG, Fu J. Ozone sensitivity analysis with the MM5-CMAQ modeling system for Shanghai. J Environ Sci (China) 2011; 23:1150-1157. [PMID: 22125908 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ozone has become one of the most important air pollution issues around the world. This article applied both O3/(NO(y)-NO(x)) and H2O2/HNO3 indicators to analyze the ozone sensitivity in urban and rural areas of Shanghai, with implementation of the MM5-CMAQ modeling system in July, 2007. The meteorological parameters were obtained by using the MM5 model. A regional emission inventory with spatial and temporal allocation based on the statistical data has been developed to provide input emission data to the MM5-CMAQ modeling system. Results showed that the ozone concentrations in Shanghai show clear regional differences. The ozone concentration in rural areas was much higher than that in the urban area. Two indicators showed that ozone was more sensitive to VOCs in urban areas, while it tended to be NO(x) sensitive in rural areas of Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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16
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Li C, Krotkov NA, Dickerson RR, Li Z, Yang K, Chin M. Transport and evolution of a pollution plume from northern China: A satellite-based case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Su L, Toon OB. Numerical simulations of Asian dust storms using a coupled climate-aerosol microphysical model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Wang K, Zhang Y, Jang C, Phillips S, Wang B. Modeling intercontinental air pollution transport over the trans-Pacific region in 2001 using the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Kopacz M, Jacob DJ, Henze DK, Heald CL, Streets DG, Zhang Q. Comparison of adjoint and analytical Bayesian inversion methods for constraining Asian sources of carbon monoxide using satellite (MOPITT) measurements of CO columns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Tang JH, Chan LY, Chang CC, Liu S, Li YS. Characteristics and sources of non-methane hydrocarbons in background atmospheres of eastern, southwestern, and southern China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Sahu LK, Kondo Y, Miyazaki Y, Kuwata M, Koike M, Takegawa N, Tanimoto H, Matsueda H, Yoon SC, Kim YJ. Anthropogenic aerosols observed in Asian continental outflow at Jeju Island, Korea, in spring 2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Chuang MT, Fu JS, Jang CJ, Chan CC, Ni PC, Lee CT. Simulation of long-range transport aerosols from the Asian Continent to Taiwan by a southward Asian high-pressure system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 406:168-179. [PMID: 18790518 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol is frequently transported by a southward high-pressure system from the Asian Continent to Taiwan and had been recorded a 100% increase in mass level compared to non-event days from 2002 to 2005. During this time period, PM2.5 sulfate was found to increase as high as 155% on event days as compared to non-event days. In this study, Asian emission estimations, Taiwan Emission Database System (TEDS), and meteorological simulation results from the fifth-generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) were used as inputs for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to simulate a long-range transport of PM2.5 event in a southward high-pressure system from the Asian Continent to Taiwan. The simulation on aerosol mass level and the associated aerosol components were found within a reasonable accuracy. During the transport process, the percentage of semi-volatile PM2.5 organic carbon in PM2.5 plume only slightly decreased from 22-24% in Shanghai to 21% near Taiwan. However, the percentage of PM2.5 nitrate in PM2.5 decreased from 16-25% to 1%. In contrast, the percentage of PM2.5 sulfate in PM2.5 increased from 16-19% to 35%. It is interesting to note that the percentage of PM2.5 ammonium and PM2.5 elemental carbon in PM2.5 remained nearly constant. Simulation results revealed that transported pollutants dominate the air quality in Taipei when the southward high-pressure system moved to Taiwan. Such condition demonstrates the dynamic chemical transformation of pollutants during the transport process from continental origin over the sea area and to the downwind land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tung Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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23
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Wang L, Hao J, He K, Wang S, Li J, Zhang Q, Streets DG, Fu JS, Jang CJ, Takekawa H, Chatani S. A modeling study of coarse particulate matter pollution in Beijing: regional source contributions and control implications for the 2008 Summer Olympics. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2008; 58:1057-1069. [PMID: 18720655 DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.58.8.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the last 10 yr, Beijing has made a great effort to improve its air quality. However, it is still suffering from regional coarse particulate matter (PM10) pollution that could be a challenge to the promise of clean air during the 2008 Olympics. To provide scientific guidance on regional air pollution control, the Mesoscale Modeling System Generation 5 (MM5) and the Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) air quality modeling system was used to investigate the contributions of emission sources outside the Beijing area to pollution levels in Beijing. The contributions to the PM10 concentrations in Beijing were assessed for the following sources: power plants, industry, domestic sources, transportation, agriculture, and biomass open burning. In January, it is estimated that on average 22% of the PM10 concentrations can be attributed to outside sources, of which domestic and industrial sources contributed 37 and 31%, respectively. In August, as much as 40% of the PM10 concentrations came from regional sources, of which approximately 41% came from industry and 31% from power plants. However, the synchronous analysis of the hourly concentrations, regional contributions, and wind vectors indicates that in the heaviest pollution periods the local emission sources play a more important role. The implications are that long-term control strategies should be based on regional-scale collaborations, and that emission abatement of local sources may be more effective in lowering the PM10 concentration levels on the heavy pollution days. Better air quality can be attained during the Olympics by placing effective emission controls on the local sources in Beijing and by controlling emissions from industry and power plants in the surrounding regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Swartzendruber PC, Chand D, Jaffe DA, Smith J, Reidmiller D, Gratz L, Keeler J, Strode S, Jaeglé L, Talbot R. Vertical distribution of mercury, CO, ozone, and aerosol scattering coefficient in the Pacific Northwest during the spring 2006 INTEX-B campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Pozzoli L, Bey I, Rast S, Schultz MG, Stier P, Feichter J. Trace gas and aerosol interactions in the fully coupled model of aerosol-chemistry-climate ECHAM5-HAMMOZ: 1. Model description and insights from the spring 2001 TRACE-P experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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McGowan HA, Clark A. A vertical profile of PM10 dust concentrations measured during a regional dust event identified by MODIS Terra, western Queensland, Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jf000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Duncan BN, Logan JA, Bey I, Megretskaia IA, Yantosca RM, Novelli PC, Jones NB, Rinsland CP. Global budget of CO, 1988–1997: Source estimates and validation with a global model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Wuebbles DJ, Lei H, Lin J. Intercontinental transport of aerosols and photochemical oxidants from Asia and its consequences. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2007; 150:65-84. [PMID: 17714840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The intercontinental transport of aerosols and photochemical oxidants from Asia is a crucial issue for air quality concerns in countries downwind of the significant emissions and concentrations of pollutants occurring in this important region of the world. Since the lifetimes of some important pollutants are long enough to be transported over long distance in the troposphere, regional control strategies for air pollution in downwind countries might be ineffective without considering the effects of long-range transport of pollutants from Asia. Field campaigns provide strong evidence for the intercontinental transport of Asian pollutants. They, together with ground-based observations and model simulations, show that the air quality over parts of North America is being affected by the pollutants transported from Asia. This paper examines the current understanding of the intercontinental transport of gases and aerosols from Asia and resulting effects on air quality, and on the regional and global climate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Wuebbles
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 105 S. Gregory Street, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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29
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Tsyro S, Simpson D, Tarrasón L, Klimont Z, Kupiainen K, Pio C, Yttri KE. Modeling of elemental carbon over Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Li C, Marufu LT, Dickerson RR, Li Z, Wen T, Wang Y, Wang P, Chen H, Stehr JW. In situ measurements of trace gases and aerosol optical properties at a rural site in northern China during East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols: An International Regional Experiment 2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Tang JH, Chan LY, Chan CY, Li YS, Chang CC, Liu SC, Li YD. Nonmethane hydrocarbons in the transported and local air masses at a clean remote site on Hainan Island, south China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Lal S, Sahu LK, Venkataramani S. Impact of transport from the surrounding continental regions on the distributions of ozone and related trace gases over the Bay of Bengal during February 2003. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Xiao Y, Jacob DJ, Turquety S. Atmospheric acetylene and its relationship with CO as an indicator of air mass age. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Mena-Carrasco M, Tang Y, Carmichael GR, Chai T, Thongbongchoo N, Campbell JE, Kulkarni S, Horowitz L, Vukovich J, Avery M, Brune W, Dibb JE, Emmons L, Flocke F, Sachse GW, Tan D, Shetter R, Talbot RW, Streets DG, Frost G, Blake D. Improving regional ozone modeling through systematic evaluation of errors using the aircraft observations during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Fu TM, Jacob DJ, Palmer PI, Chance K, Wang YX, Barletta B, Blake DR, Stanton JC, Pilling MJ. Space-based formaldehyde measurements as constraints on volatile organic compound emissions in east and south Asia and implications for ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Pan L, Woo JH, Carmichael GR, Tang Y, Friedli HR, Radke LF. Regional distribution and emissions of mercury in east Asia: A modeling analysis of Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Jain AK, Tao Z, Yang X, Gillespie C. Estimates of global biomass burning emissions for reactive greenhouse gases (CO, NMHCs, and NOx) and CO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Streets DG, Zhang Q, Wang L, He K, Hao J, Wu Y, Tang Y, Carmichael GR. Revisiting China's CO emissions after the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) mission: Synthesis of inventories, atmospheric modeling, and observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Arellano AF, Kasibhatla PS, Giglio L, van der Werf GR, Randerson JT, Collatz GJ. Time-dependent inversion estimates of global biomass-burning CO emissions using Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Koike M, Jones NB, Palmer PI, Matsui H, Zhao Y, Kondo Y, Matsumi Y, Tanimoto H. Seasonal variation of carbon monoxide in northern Japan: Fourier transform IR measurements and source-labeled model calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Wang J, Christopher SA, Nair US, Reid JS, Prins EM, Szykman J, Hand JL. Mesoscale modeling of Central American smoke transport to the United States: 1. “Top-down” assessment of emission strength and diurnal variation impacts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Palmer PI, Suntharalingam P, Jones DBA, Jacob DJ, Streets DG, Fu Q, Vay SA, Sachse GW. Using CO2:CO correlations to improve inverse analyses of carbon fluxes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Wang T, Wong HLA, Tang J, Ding A, Wu WS, Zhang XC. On the origin of surface ozone and reactive nitrogen observed at a remote mountain site in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, western China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Hakami A, Henze DK, Seinfeld JH, Chai T, Tang Y, Carmichael GR, Sandu A. Adjoint inverse modeling of black carbon during the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Hakami
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Science and Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - D. K. Henze
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Science and Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. H. Seinfeld
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Science and Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - T. Chai
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Y. Tang
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - G. R. Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - A. Sandu
- Department of Computer Science; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Blacksburg Virginia USA
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45
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Guttikunda SK. Impacts of Asian megacity emissions on regional air quality during spring 2001. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Liang Q. Meteorological indices for Asian outflow and transpacific transport on daily to interannual timescales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Jaeglé L, Steinberger L, Martin RV, Chance K. Global partitioning of NOx sources using satellite observations: Relative roles of fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and soil emissions. Faraday Discuss 2005; 130:407-23; discussion 491-517, 519-24. [PMID: 16161795 DOI: 10.1039/b502128f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We use space-based observations of NO2 columns from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) to derive monthly top-down NOx emissions for 2000 via inverse modeling with the GEOS-CHEM chemical transport model. Top-down NOx sources are partitioned among fuel combustion (fossil fuel and biofuel), biomass burning and soils by exploiting the spatio-temporal distribution of remotely sensed fires and a priori information on the location of regions dominated by fuel combustion. The top-down inventory is combined with an a priori inventory to obtain an optimized a posteriori estimate of the relative roles of NOx sources. The resulting a posteriori fuel combustion inventory (25.6 TgN year(-1)) agrees closely with the a priori (25.4 TgN year(-1)), and errors are reduced by a factor of 2, from +/- 80% to +/- 40%. Regionally, the largest differences are found over Japan and South Africa, where a posteriori estimates are 25% larger than a priori. A posteriori fuel combustion emissions are aseasonal, with the exception of East Asia and Europe where winter emissions are 30-40% larger relative to summer emissions, consistent with increased energy use during winter for heating. Global a posteriori biomass burning emissions in 2000 resulted in 5.8 TgN (compared to 5.9 TgN year(-1) in the a priori), with Africa accounting for half of this total. A posteriori biomass burning emissions over Southeast Asia/India are decreased by 46% relative to a priori; but over North equatorial Africa they are increased by 50%. A posteriori estimates of soil emissions (8.9 TgN year(-1)) are 68% larger than a priori (5.3 TgN year(-1)). The a posteriori inventory displays the largest soil emissions over tropical savanna/woodland ecosystems (Africa), as well as over agricultural regions in the western U.S. (Great Plains), southern Europe (Spain, Greece, Turkey), and Asia (North China Plain and North India), consistent with field measurements. Emissions over these regions are highest during summer at mid-latitudes and during the rainy season in the Tropics. We estimate that 2.5-4.5 TgN year(-1) are emitted from N-fertilized soils, at the upper end of previous estimates. Soil and biomass burning emissions account for 22% and 14% of global surface NOx emissions, respectively. We infer a significant role for soil NOx emissions at northern mid-latitudes during summer, where they account for nearly half that of the fuel combustion source, a doubling relative to the a priori. The contribution of soil emissions to background ozone is thus likely to be underestimated by the current generation of chemical transport models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyatt Jaeglé
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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48
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Park RJ. Export efficiency of black carbon aerosol in continental outflow: Global implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Heald CL, Jacob DJ, Jones DBA, Palmer PI, Logan JA, Streets DG, Sachse GW, Gille JC, Hoffman RN, Nehrkorn T. Comparative inverse analysis of satellite (MOPITT) and aircraft (TRACE-P) observations to estimate Asian sources of carbon monoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colette L. Heald
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Dylan B. A. Jones
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Paul I. Palmer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Jennifer A. Logan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | | | | | - John C. Gille
- National Center of Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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50
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Tan Q, Chameides WL, Streets D, Wang T, Xu J, Bergin M, Woo J. An evaluation of TRACE-P emission inventories from China using a regional model and chemical measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Tan
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Science; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - W. L. Chameides
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Science; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - D. Streets
- Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois USA
| | - T. Wang
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - J. Xu
- Desert Research Institute; Las Vegas Nevada USA
| | - M. Bergin
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Science; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - J. Woo
- Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM); Boston Massachusetts USA
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