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Chang CY, Wang JL, Chen YC, Pan XX, Chen WN, Lin MR, Ho YJ, Chuang MT, Liu WT, Chang CC. A study of the vertical homogeneity of trace gases in East Asian continental outflow. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134165. [PMID: 35245587 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
East Asian continental outflows containing with pollutants may deteriorate air quality in the downwind region via long-range transport (LRT). In particular, cold fronts with high wind speeds generally promote the LRT of air pollutants to further downwind areas, including Taiwan. To gain an insightful understanding of the characteristics and vertical homogeneity of trace gases in East Asian continental outflows, as well as their relation with atmospheric meteorological conditions, whole air samples were collected above a cape at the northern tip of the island of Taiwan during frontal passages. Aerial samples were collected at multiple altitudes from the surface to a maximum height of 700 m with a multicopter sounding platform carrying a robotic whole air sampling device. Simultaneously, aerial meteorological variables of temperature and wind vector from near the surface to a maximum height of 1000 m were also measured during the whole air sampling periods. An array of 106 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as CO, CO2, and CH4 were analyzed to characterize the air composition and vertical homogeneity of trace gases. The results revealed rather homogeneous vertical distributions of most VOCs, CO, CO2, and CH4 in the frontal passages, indicating well-mixed conditions of trace gases in the East Asian continental outflows. The strong wind shear and minimal temperature inversion associated with the frontal passage likely induced turbulence and increased vertical mixing. Furthermore, higher levels of species characteristic of the East Asian continent were observed from the surface up to hundreds of meters above the cape, revealing a strong inflow of polluted air masses from the East Asian continent brought by cold frontal passages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Chang
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chungli, 320, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Chen
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Xiang-Xu Pan
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Nai Chen
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ren Lin
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jui Ho
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tung Chuang
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tzu Liu
- Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technology, National Central University, Chungli, 320, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Chang
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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2
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Wang S, Apel EC, Hornbrook RS, Hills A, Emmons LK, Tilmes S, Lamarque JF, Jimenez JL, Campuzano-Jost P, Nault BA, Crounse JD, Wennberg PO, Ryerson TB, Thompson CR, Peischl J, Moore F, Nance D, Hall B, Elkins J, Tanner D, Gregory Huey L, Hall SR, Ullmann K, Orlando JJ, Tyndall GS, Flocke FM, Ray E, Hanisco TF, Wolfe GM, St.Clair J, Commane R, Daube B, Barletta B, Blake DR, Weinzierl B, Dollner M, Conley A, Vitt F, Wofsy SC, Riemer DD. Atmospheric Acetaldehyde: Importance of Air-Sea Exchange and a Missing Source in the Remote Troposphere. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 46:5601-5613. [PMID: 32606484 PMCID: PMC7325730 DOI: 10.1029/2019gl082034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report airborne measurements of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) during the first and second deployments of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). The budget of CH3CHO is examined using the Community Atmospheric Model with chemistry (CAM-chem), with a newly-developed online air-sea exchange module. The upper limit of the global ocean net emission of CH3CHO is estimated to be 34 Tg a-1 (42 Tg a-1 if considering bubble-mediated transfer), and the ocean impacts on tropospheric CH3CHO are mostly confined to the marine boundary layer. Our analysis suggests that there is an unaccounted CH3CHO source in the remote troposphere and that organic aerosols can only provide a fraction of this missing source. We propose that peroxyacetic acid (PAA) is an ideal indicator of the rapid CH3CHO production in the remote troposphere. The higher-than-expected CH3CHO measurements represent a missing sink of hydroxyl radicals (and halogen radical) in current chemistry-climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- Advanced Study Program (ASP), National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Eric C. Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Rebecca S. Hornbrook
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Alan Hills
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Louisa K. Emmons
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Simone Tilmes
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
- Climate and Global Dynamics, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Jean-François Lamarque
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
- Climate and Global Dynamics, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Jose L. Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Benjamin A. Nault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
| | - John D. Crounse
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Paul O. Wennberg
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Thomas B. Ryerson
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Chelsea R. Thompson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Jeff Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Fred Moore
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - David Nance
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Brad Hall
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - James Elkins
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - David Tanner
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - L. Gregory Huey
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Samuel R. Hall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - John J. Orlando
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Geoff S. Tyndall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Frank M. Flocke
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Eric Ray
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Thomas F. Hanisco
- Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - Glenn M. Wolfe
- Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228
| | - Jason St.Clair
- Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228
| | - Róisín Commane
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964
| | - Bruce Daube
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Barbara Barletta
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine; CA 92697
| | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine; CA 92697
| | - Bernadett Weinzierl
- Faculty of Physics, Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Maximilian Dollner
- Faculty of Physics, Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Andrew Conley
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Francis Vitt
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80301
| | - Steven C. Wofsy
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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3
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Yuan D, He Z, Yang GP. Spatiotemporal distributions of halocarbons in the marine boundary air and surface seawater of the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent East China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 140:227-240. [PMID: 30803638 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal distributions of volatile halogenated organic compounds (VHOCs) were investigated in the marine boundary air and surface seawater of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary and its adjacent East China Sea in two cruises from March 11, 2015 to March 21, 2015 and from July 9, 2015 to July 20, 2015. Results revealed that the concentrations of released chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) such as CFC-12, CFC-11, and CFC-114 in China decreased, suggesting that limitations set by the Chinese government on CFCs production and consumption have taken effect. Atmospheric concentrations of CFCs were affected by local industrial sources of emission and transport of terrestrial pollutants from coastal areas to varying degrees. Seasonal variations in atmospheric VHOCs were probably due to seasonal differences in prevalent monsoon and biogenic production. In the study periods, the investigated area was an essential source of atmospheric CH3Br and CH3I but was a net sink of CFC-12, CFC-11, and CH3Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education / Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ocean Environmental Monitoring Technology, National Engineering and Technological Research Center of Marine Monitoring Equipment, No 7 Miaoling Road, 266061 Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education / Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education / Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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4
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Romer PS, Wooldridge PJ, Crounse JD, Kim MJ, Wennberg PO, Dibb JE, Scheuer E, Blake DR, Meinardi S, Brosius AL, Thames AB, Miller DO, Brune WH, Hall SR, Ryerson TB, Cohen RC. Constraints on Aerosol Nitrate Photolysis as a Potential Source of HONO and NO x. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13738-13746. [PMID: 30407797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO x) plays a central role in controlling air quality. On a global scale, the primary sink of NO x is oxidation to form HNO3. Gas-phase HNO3 photolyses slowly with a lifetime in the troposphere of 10 days or more. However, several recent studies examining HONO chemistry have proposed that particle-phase HNO3 undergoes photolysis 10-300 times more rapidly than gas-phase HNO3. We present here constraints on the rate of particle-phase HNO3 photolysis based on observations of NO x and HNO3 collected over the Yellow Sea during the KORUS-AQ study in summer 2016. The fastest proposed photolysis rates are inconsistent with the observed NO x to HNO3 ratios. Negligible to moderate enhancements of the HNO3 photolysis rate in particles, 1-30 times faster than in the gas phase, are most consistent with the observations. Small or moderate enhancement of particle-phase HNO3 photolysis would not significantly affect the HNO3 budget but could help explain observations of HONO and NO x in highly aged air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Romer
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Paul J Wooldridge
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - John D Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Michelle J Kim
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Paul O Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Jack E Dibb
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space , University of New Hampshire , Durham, New Hampshire 03824 , United States
| | - Eric Scheuer
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space , University of New Hampshire , Durham, New Hampshire 03824 , United States
| | - Donald R Blake
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Irvine , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Simone Meinardi
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Irvine , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Alexandra L Brosius
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Alexander B Thames
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - David O Miller
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - William H Brune
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Samuel R Hall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, NCAR , Boulder , Colorado 80301 , United States
| | - Thomas B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Ronald C Cohen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences , University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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5
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Zhang S, Deng M, Shan M, Zhou C, Liu W, Xu X, Yang X. A field experimental study on non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) emissions from a straw-returned maize cropping system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:530-538. [PMID: 29715657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) play an important role in the atmospheric environment. However, NMHC emissions from agricultural fields, especially their variations with straw return, are poorly understood. Therefore, a field study comprising two treatments, i.e., (1) S0 (straw removal) and (2) S1 (incorporation of maize straw at a rate of 9000 kg ha-1), was conducted in a straw-returned maize cropping system to characterize NMHC emissions as well as to estimate the effect of straw return on those emissions. Using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) method, 28 types of NMHCs were identified. The total NMHC emission from S0 was 2018 g ha-1, where 1-methyl-3-propyl-benzene, (1-methylethyl)-benzene, and toluene were obviously predominant, whereas the total NMHC emission from S1 was 1903 g ha-1, where 1-methyl-3-propyl-benzene, 2-methyl-pentane, and (1-methylethyl)-benzene were the main species. The results showed that straw return had opposing effects on NMHC emissions, ranging from -55.4% to 478.6%. Overall, the total NMHC emission with returned straw alone decreased by 2963 ng kg straw-1 h-1. Furthermore, NMHC fluxes had higher correlations with soil temperature than with soil moisture or pH. Notably, the higher correlations of NMHC fluxes with 10 cm soil temperature than with 5 cm soil temperature indicate that soil in the deeper layer might play a more important role in NMHC fluxes. The results also suggest that more field study is needed to accurately estimate the effect of straw return on NMHC emissions from agroecosystems and fully understand its underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqi Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengsi Deng
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Shan
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Chuang Zhou
- Energy & Environmental Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150027, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Energy & Environmental Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150027, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xu
- Energy & Environmental Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150027, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Sarkar S, Fan WH, Jia S, Blake DR, Reid JS, Lestari P, Yu LE. A quantitative assessment of distributions and sources of tropospheric halocarbons measured in Singapore. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:528-544. [PMID: 29156272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the first ground-based atmospheric measurements of 26 halocarbons in Singapore, an urban-industrial city-state in Southeast (SE) Asia. A total of 166 whole air canister samples collected during two intensive 7 Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) campaigns (August-October 2011 and 2012) were analyzed for C1-C2 halocarbons using gas chromatography-electron capture/mass spectrometric detection. The halocarbon dataset was supplemented with measurements of selected non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), C1-C5 alkyl nitrates, sulfur gases and carbon monoxide to better understand sources and atmospheric processes. The median observed atmospheric mixing ratios of CFCs, halons, CCl4 and CH3CCl3 were close to global tropospheric background levels, with enhancements in the 1-17% range. This provided the first measurement evidence from SE Asia of the effectiveness of Montreal Protocol and related national-scale regulations instituted in the 1990s to phase-out ozone depleting substances (ODS). First- and second-generation CFC replacements (HCFCs and HFCs) dominated the atmospheric halocarbon burden with HFC-134a, HCFC-22 and HCFC-141b exhibiting enhancements of 39-67%. By combining near-source measurements in Indonesia with receptor data in Singapore, regionally transported peat-forest burning smoke was found to impact levels of several NMHCs (ethane, ethyne, benzene, and propane) and short-lived halocarbons (CH3I, CH3Cl, and CH3Br) in a subset of the receptor samples. The strong signatures of these species near peat-forest fires were potentially affected by atmospheric dilution/mixing during transport and by mixing with substantial urban/regional backgrounds at the receptor. Quantitative source apportionment was carried out using positive matrix factorization (PMF), which identified industrial emissions related to refrigeration, foam blowing, and solvent use in chemical, pharmaceutical and electronics industries as the major source of halocarbons (34%) in Singapore. This was followed by marine and terrestrial biogenic activity (28%), residual levels of ODS from pre-Montreal Protocol operations (16%), seasonal incidences of peat-forest smoke (13%), and fumigation related to quarantine and pre-shipment (QPS) applications (7%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Sarkar
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
| | - Wei Hong Fan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Shiguo Jia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Donald R Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Reid
- Naval Research Laboratory, Marine Meteorology Division, 7 Grace Hopper Avenue Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943-5502, USA
| | - Puji Lestari
- Environmental Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Bandung, JL. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Liya E Yu
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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7
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Anderson DC, Nicely JM, Wolfe GM, Hanisco TF, Salawitch RJ, Canty TP, Dickerson RR, Apel EC, Baidar S, Bannan TJ, Blake NJ, Chen D, Dix B, Fernandez RP, Hall SR, Hornbrook RS, Huey LG, Josse B, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Koenig TK, LeBreton M, Marécal V, Morgenstern O, Oman LD, Pan LL, Percival C, Plummer D, Revell LE, Rozanov E, Saiz-Lopez A, Stenke A, Sudo K, Tilmes S, Ullmann K, Volkamer R, Weinheimer AJ, Zeng G. Formaldehyde in the Tropical Western Pacific: Chemical sources and sinks, convective transport, and representation in CAM-Chem and the CCMI models. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2017. [PMID: 29527424 DOI: 10.1002/2017ja024474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) directly affects the atmospheric oxidative capacity through its effects on HOx. In remote marine environments, such as the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP), it is particularly important to understand the processes controlling the abundance of HCHO because model output from these regions is used to correct satellite retrievals of HCHO. Here, we have used observations from the CONTRAST field campaign, conducted during January and February 2014, to evaluate our understanding of the processes controlling the distribution of HCHO in the TWP as well as its representation in chemical transport/climate models. Observed HCHO mixing ratios varied from ~500 pptv near the surface to ~75 pptv in the upper troposphere. Recent convective transport of near surface HCHO and its precursors, acetaldehyde and possibly methyl hydroperoxide, increased upper tropospheric HCHO mixing ratios by ~33% (22 pptv); this air contained roughly 60% less NO than more aged air. Output from the CAM-Chem chemistry transport model (2014 meteorology) as well as nine chemistry climate models from the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (free-running meteorology) are found to uniformly underestimate HCHO columns derived from in situ observations by between 4 and 50%. This underestimate of HCHO likely results from a near factor of two underestimate of NO in most models, which strongly suggests errors in NOx emissions inventories and/or in the model chemical mechanisms. Likewise, the lack of oceanic acetaldehyde emissions and potential errors in the model acetaldehyde chemistry lead to additional underestimates in modeled HCHO of up to 75 pptv (~15%) in the lower troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Anderson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie M Nicely
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Glenn M Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross J Salawitch
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy P Canty
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell R Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric C Apel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Sunil Baidar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Nicola J Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dexian Chen
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Barbara Dix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rafael P Fernandez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Natural Science, National Research Council (CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Samuel R Hall
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - L Gregory Huey
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Beatrice Josse
- Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, UMR3589, Méteo-France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Jöckel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | | | - Theodore K Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael LeBreton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Virginie Marécal
- Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, UMR3589, Méteo-France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olaf Morgenstern
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Luke D Oman
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura L Pan
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Carl Percival
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, UK
| | - David Plummer
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis, Environment Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura E Revell
- Bodeker Scientific, Alexandra, New Zealand
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eugene Rozanov
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
- Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos World Radiation Centre, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Stenke
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kengo Sudo
- Nagoya University, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya, Japan
- Japan Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Simone Tilmes
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Guang Zeng
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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8
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Anderson DC, Nicely JM, Wolfe GM, Hanisco TF, Salawitch RJ, Canty TP, Dickerson RR, Apel EC, Baidar S, Bannan TJ, Blake NJ, Chen D, Dix B, Fernandez RP, Hall SR, Hornbrook RS, Huey LG, Josse B, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Koenig TK, LeBreton M, Marécal V, Morgenstern O, Oman LD, Pan LL, Percival C, Plummer D, Revell LE, Rozanov E, Saiz-Lopez A, Stenke A, Sudo K, Tilmes S, Ullmann K, Volkamer R, Weinheimer AJ, Zeng G. Formaldehyde in the Tropical Western Pacific: Chemical sources and sinks, convective transport, and representation in CAM-Chem and the CCMI models. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2017; 122:11201-11226. [PMID: 29527424 PMCID: PMC5839129 DOI: 10.1002/2016jd026121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) directly affects the atmospheric oxidative capacity through its effects on HOx. In remote marine environments, such as the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP), it is particularly important to understand the processes controlling the abundance of HCHO because model output from these regions is used to correct satellite retrievals of HCHO. Here, we have used observations from the CONTRAST field campaign, conducted during January and February 2014, to evaluate our understanding of the processes controlling the distribution of HCHO in the TWP as well as its representation in chemical transport/climate models. Observed HCHO mixing ratios varied from ~500 pptv near the surface to ~75 pptv in the upper troposphere. Recent convective transport of near surface HCHO and its precursors, acetaldehyde and possibly methyl hydroperoxide, increased upper tropospheric HCHO mixing ratios by ~33% (22 pptv); this air contained roughly 60% less NO than more aged air. Output from the CAM-Chem chemistry transport model (2014 meteorology) as well as nine chemistry climate models from the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (free-running meteorology) are found to uniformly underestimate HCHO columns derived from in situ observations by between 4 and 50%. This underestimate of HCHO likely results from a near factor of two underestimate of NO in most models, which strongly suggests errors in NOx emissions inventories and/or in the model chemical mechanisms. Likewise, the lack of oceanic acetaldehyde emissions and potential errors in the model acetaldehyde chemistry lead to additional underestimates in modeled HCHO of up to 75 pptv (~15%) in the lower troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Anderson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie M Nicely
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Glenn M Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross J Salawitch
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy P Canty
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell R Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric C Apel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Sunil Baidar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Nicola J Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dexian Chen
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Barbara Dix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rafael P Fernandez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Natural Science, National Research Council (CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Samuel R Hall
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - L Gregory Huey
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Beatrice Josse
- Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, UMR3589, Méteo-France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Jöckel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | | | - Theodore K Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael LeBreton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Virginie Marécal
- Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, UMR3589, Méteo-France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olaf Morgenstern
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Luke D Oman
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura L Pan
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Carl Percival
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, UK
| | - David Plummer
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis, Environment Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura E Revell
- Bodeker Scientific, Alexandra, New Zealand
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eugene Rozanov
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
- Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos World Radiation Centre, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Stenke
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kengo Sudo
- Nagoya University, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya, Japan
- Japan Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Simone Tilmes
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Guang Zeng
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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9
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Nault BA, Garland C, Wooldridge PJ, Brune WH, Campuzano-Jost P, Crounse JD, Day DA, Dibb J, Hall SR, Huey LG, Jimenez JL, Liu X, Mao J, Mikoviny T, Peischl J, Pollack IB, Ren X, Ryerson TB, Scheuer E, Ullmann K, Wennberg PO, Wisthaler A, Zhang L, Cohen RC. Observational Constraints on the Oxidation of NOx in the Upper Troposphere. J Phys Chem A 2015; 120:1468-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William H. Brune
- Department
of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences and Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | | | - Douglas A. Day
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences and Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jack Dibb
- Earth
Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and
Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Samuel R. Hall
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, Colorado 80307, United States
| | - L. Gregory Huey
- School of
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - José L. Jimenez
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences and Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- School of
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Geophyiscal
Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Tomas Mikoviny
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jeff Peischl
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Earth System Research Lab, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Ilana B. Pollack
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Earth System Research Lab, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Xinrong Ren
- Air Resources
Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Thomas B. Ryerson
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Earth System Research Lab, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Eric Scheuer
- Earth
Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and
Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, Colorado 80307, United States
| | | | - Armin Wisthaler
- Institute
of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Li Zhang
- Department
of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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10
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Rhoderick GC, Hall BD, Harth CM, Kim JS, Lee J, Montzka SA, Mühle J, Reimann S, Vollmer MK, Weiss RF. Comparison of halocarbon measurements in an atmospheric dry whole air sample. ELEMENTA (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2015; 3:000075. [PMID: 26753167 PMCID: PMC4702251 DOI: 10.12952/journal.elementa.000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The growing awareness of climate change/global warming, and continuing concerns regarding stratospheric ozone depletion, will require continued measurements and standards for many compounds, in particular halocarbons that are linked to these issues. In order to track atmospheric mole fractions and assess the impact of policy on emission rates, it is necessary to demonstrate measurement equivalence at the highest levels of accuracy for assigned values of standards. Precise measurements of these species aid in determining small changes in their atmospheric abundance. A common source of standards/scales and/or well-documented agreement of different scales used to calibrate the measurement instrumentation are key to understanding many sets of data reported by researchers. This report describes the results of a comparison study among National Metrology Institutes and atmospheric research laboratories for the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), and 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113); the hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) and 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b); and the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), all in a dried whole air sample. The objective of this study is to compare calibration standards/scales and the measurement capabilities of the participants for these halocarbons at trace atmospheric levels. The results of this study show agreement among four independent calibration scales to better than 2.5% in almost all cases, with many of the reported agreements being better than 1.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C. Rhoderick
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Chemical Sciences Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - Bradley D. Hall
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Global Monitoring Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Christina M. Harth
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla (SIO), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Jin Seog Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Division of Metrology for Quality Life, Yusong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsoon Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Division of Metrology for Quality Life, Yusong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen A. Montzka
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Global Monitoring Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Jens Mühle
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla (SIO), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Stefan Reimann
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin K. Vollmer
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ray F. Weiss
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla (SIO), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
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11
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Meteorological Influences on Trace Gas Transport along the North Atlantic Coast during ICARTT 2004. ATMOSPHERE 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos5040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Wu J, Fang X, Martin JW, Zhai Z, Su S, Hu X, Han J, Lu S, Wang C, Zhang J, Hu J. Estimated emissions of chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and hydrofluorocarbons based on an interspecies correlation method in the Pearl River Delta region, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:829-834. [PMID: 24189105 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies have been conducted in recent years on the emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) at the large regional (such as East Asia) and national scales, relatively few studies have been conducted for cities or metropolitan areas. In this study, 192 air samples were collected in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China in November 2010. The atmospheric mixing ratios of six halocarbons were analyzed, including trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11, CCl3F), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12, CCl2F2), monochlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22, CHClF2), 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b, CH3CCl2F), 1-dichloro-1,1-fluoroethane (HCFC-142b, CH3CClF2), and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a, CH2FCF3), and their emissions were estimated based on an interspecies correlation method using HCFC-22 as the reference species. The results showed no significant change in the regional concentration and emission of CFC in the past 10years, suggesting that the continuous regional emission of CFC has had no significant effect on the CFC regional concentration in the PRD region. Concentrations and emissions of HCFCs and HFCs are significantly higher compared to previous research in the PRD region (P<0.05). The largest emission was for HCFC-22, most likely due to its substitution for CFC-12 in the industrial and commercial refrigeration subsector, and the rapid development of the room air-conditioner and extruded polystyrene subsectors. The PRD's ODP-weighted emissions of the target HCFCs provided 9% (7-12%) of the national emissions for the corresponding species. The PRD's GWP-weighted emissions of the target HCFCs and HFC-134a account for 10% (7-12%) and 8% (7-9%), respectively, of the national emissions for the corresponding species, and thus are important contributions to China's total emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuekun Fang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zihan Zhai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenshen Su
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Han
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sihua Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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13
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Li S, Kim J, Park S, Kim SK, Park MK, Mühle J, Lee G, Lee M, Jo CO, Kim KR. Source identification and apportionment of halogenated compounds observed at a remote site in East Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 48:491-498. [PMID: 24298975 DOI: 10.1021/es402776w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The sources of halogenated compounds in East Asia associated with stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change are relatively poorly understood. High-precision in situ measurements of 18 halogenated compounds and carbonyl sulfide (COS) made at Gosan, Jeju Island, Korea, from November 2007 to December 2011 were analyzed by a positive matrix factorization (PMF). Seven major industrial sources were identified from the enhanced concentrations of halogenated compounds observed at Gosan and corresponding concentration-based source contributions were also suggested: primary aluminum production explaining 37% of total concentration enhancements, solvent usage of which source apportionment is 25%, fugitive emissions from HCFC/HFC production with 11%, refrigerant replacements (9%), semiconductor/electronics industry (9%), foam blowing agents (6%), and fumigation (3%). Statistical trajectory analysis was applied to specify the potential emission regions for seven sources using back trajectories. Primary aluminum production, solvent usage and fugitive emission sources were mainly contributed by China. Semiconductor/electronics sources were dominantly located in Korea. Refrigerant replacement, fumigation and foam blowing agent sources were spread throughout East Asian countries. The specified potential source regions are consistent with country-based consumptions and emission patterns, verifying the PMF analysis results. The industry-based emission sources of halogenated compounds identified in this study help improve our understanding of the East Asian countries' industrial contributions to halogenated compound emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlan Li
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences/Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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14
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Song P, Geng FH, Sang XF, Chan CY, Chan LY, Yu Q. Characteristics and sources of non-methane hydrocarbons and halocarbons in wintertime urban atmosphere of Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:5957-5970. [PMID: 22170156 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics and sources of major hydrocarbons and halocarbons in the wintertime ambient air of urban center of Shanghai, a mega city of China, were investigated. Propane, toluene, ethyl acetate, and benzene were the most abundant hydrocarbons. The majority of species showed significant variability in mixing ratios with occasional episodic increases. The more common use of liquefied petroleum gas fuel for taxis and light motorcycles was believed to lead to high levels of ambient propane over the urban center of Shanghai. Correlating with toluene, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE), abundant chloromethane (up to a daily mean of 1.61 ± 0.99 ppbv and a maximum of 5.34 ppbv) was mainly associated with industrial emissions, although biomass burnings exist widely in east China. The Chinese New Year (CNY) holiday period with no industrial activity over China provides a platform for the study of industrial emissions over the urban atmosphere of Shanghai. The normal weekly cycles were characterized by higher and more variable mixing ratios during weekdays which dropped during weekends. Enhanced mixing ratios were observed in the fortnight before the CNY holidays due to increased industrial emissions as a result of overtime production to make up for the holiday losses. During the CNY holidays, lower level and less variable mixing ratios were observed. A benzene/toluene (B/T) ratio of 0.6 ± 0.4 (mean ± std.) for the morning rush hour samples was identified to be the characteristic ratio of vehicular emissions. However, a B/T ratio of 0.4 ± 0.2 from vehicles and other sources was derived for the ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Connelly BM, De Haan DO, Tolbert MA. Heterogeneous Glyoxal Oxidation: A Potential Source of Secondary Organic Aerosol. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:6180-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211502e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Connelly
- Cooperative Institute for Research
in the Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - D. O. De Haan
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, San Diego, California 92110, United States
| | - M. A. Tolbert
- Cooperative Institute for Research
in the Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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16
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Matsui H, Kondo Y, Moteki N, Takegawa N, Sahu LK, Koike M, Zhao Y, Fuelberg HE, Sessions WR, Diskin G, Anderson BE, Blake DR, Wisthaler A, Cubison MJ, Jimenez JL. Accumulation-mode aerosol number concentrations in the Arctic during the ARCTAS aircraft campaign: Long-range transport of polluted and clean air from the Asian continent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Lai SC, Baker AK, Schuck TJ, Slemr F, Brenninkmeijer CAM, van Velthoven P, Oram DE, Zahn A, Ziereis H. Characterization and source regions of 51 high-CO events observed during Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) flights between south China and the Philippines, 2005–2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Vay SA, Choi Y, Vadrevu KP, Blake DR, Tyler SC, Wisthaler A, Hecobian A, Kondo Y, Diskin GS, Sachse GW, Woo JH, Weinheimer AJ, Burkhart JF, Stohl A, Wennberg PO. Patterns of CO2and radiocarbon across high northern latitudes during International Polar Year 2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Kondo Y, Matsui H, Moteki N, Sahu L, Takegawa N, Kajino M, Zhao Y, Cubison MJ, Jimenez JL, Vay S, Diskin GS, Anderson B, Wisthaler A, Mikoviny T, Fuelberg HE, Blake DR, Huey G, Weinheimer AJ, Knapp DJ, Brune WH. Emissions of black carbon, organic, and inorganic aerosols from biomass burning in North America and Asia in 2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Matsui H, Kondo Y, Moteki N, Takegawa N, Sahu LK, Zhao Y, Fuelberg HE, Sessions WR, Diskin G, Blake DR, Wisthaler A, Koike M. Seasonal variation of the transport of black carbon aerosol from the Asian continent to the Arctic during the ARCTAS aircraft campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Zhang YL, Guo H, Wang XM, Simpson IJ, Barletta B, Blake DR, Meinardi S, Rowland FS, Cheng HR, Saunders SM, Lam SHM. Emission patterns and spatiotemporal variations of halocarbons in the Pearl River Delta region, southern China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Eden S, Barc B, Mason N, Hoffmann S, Nunes Y, Limão-Vieira P. Electronic state spectroscopy of C2Cl4. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Guo H, Ding AJ, Wang T, Simpson IJ, Blake DR, Barletta B, Meinardi S, Rowland FS, Saunders SM, Fu TM, Hung WT, Li YS. Source origins, modeled profiles, and apportionments of halogenated hydrocarbons in the greater Pearl River Delta region, southern China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Shiraiwa M, Kondo Y, Moteki N, Takegawa N, Sahu LK, Takami A, Hatakeyama S, Yonemura S, Blake DR. Radiative impact of mixing state of black carbon aerosol in Asian outflow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Blake NJ, Campbell JE, Vay SA, Fuelberg HE, Huey LG, Sachse G, Meinardi S, Beyersdorf A, Baker A, Barletta B, Midyett J, Doezema L, Kamboures M, McAdams J, Novak B, Rowland FS, Blake DR. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS): Large-scale distributions over North America during INTEX-NA and relationship to CO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Thornhill KL, Chen G, Dibb J, Jordan CE, Omar A, Winstead EL, Schuster G, Clarke A, McNaughton C, Scheuer E, Blake D, Sachse G, Huey LG, Singh HB, Anderson BE. The impact of local sources and long-range transport on aerosol properties over the northeast U.S. region during INTEX-NA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Pollmann J, Helmig D, Hueber J, Plass-Dülmer C, Tans P. Sampling, storage, and analysis of C2–C7 non-methane hydrocarbons from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Air Sampling Network glass flasks. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1188:75-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Tang JH, Chan LY, Chan CY, Li YS, Chang CC, Liu SC, Li YD. Nonmethane hydrocarbons in the transported and local air masses at a clean remote site on Hainan Island, south China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Lal S, Sahu LK, Venkataramani S. Impact of transport from the surrounding continental regions on the distributions of ozone and related trace gases over the Bay of Bengal during February 2003. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Liang Q, Jaeglé L, Hudman RC, Turquety S, Jacob DJ, Avery MA, Browell EV, Sachse GW, Blake DR, Brune W, Ren X, Cohen RC, Dibb JE, Fried A, Fuelberg H, Porter M, Heikes BG, Huey G, Singh HB, Wennberg PO. Summertime influence of Asian pollution in the free troposphere over North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Horowitz LW, Fiore AM, Milly GP, Cohen RC, Perring A, Wooldridge PJ, Hess PG, Emmons LK, Lamarque JF. Observational constraints on the chemistry of isoprene nitrates over the eastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Parrish DD, Stohl A, Forster C, Atlas EL, Blake DR, Goldan PD, Kuster WC, de Gouw JA. Effects of mixing on evolution of hydrocarbon ratios in the troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. D. Parrish
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Stohl
- Department of Regional and Global Pollution Issues; Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
| | - C. Forster
- Department of Regional and Global Pollution Issues; Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
| | - E. L. Atlas
- Division of Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida USA
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - P. D. Goldan
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. C. Kuster
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. A. de Gouw
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
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33
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Chan LY, Chu KW. Halocarbons in the atmosphere of the industrial-related Pearl River Delta region of China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Simmonds PG, Manning AJ, Cunnold DM, McCulloch A, O'Doherty S, Derwent RG, Krummel PB, Fraser PJ, Dunse B, Porter LW, Wang RHJ, Greally BR, Miller BR, Salameh P, Weiss RF, Prinn RG. Global trends, seasonal cycles, and European emissions of dichloromethane, trichloroethene, and tetrachloroethene from the AGAGE observations at Mace Head, Ireland, and Cape Grim, Tasmania. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Millet DB, Jacob DJ, Turquety S, Hudman RC, Wu S, Fried A, Walega J, Heikes BG, Blake DR, Singh HB, Anderson BE, Clarke AD. Formaldehyde distribution over North America: Implications for satellite retrievals of formaldehyde columns and isoprene emission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Yoshida Y, Wang Y, Shim C, Cunnold D, Blake DR, Dutton GS. Inverse modeling of the global methyl chloride sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Palmer PI, Suntharalingam P, Jones DBA, Jacob DJ, Streets DG, Fu Q, Vay SA, Sachse GW. Using CO2:CO correlations to improve inverse analyses of carbon fluxes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Yokouchi Y, Inagaki T, Yazawa K, Tamaru T, Enomoto T, Izumi K. Estimates of ratios of anthropogenic halocarbon emissions from Japan based on aircraft monitoring over Sagami Bay, Japan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yokouchi
- Environmental Chemistry Division; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Ibaraki Japan
| | - Toshiharu Inagaki
- Air Safety Technology Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenji Yazawa
- Institute of Space Technology and Aeronautics; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takashi Tamaru
- Institute of Space Technology and Aeronautics; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takateru Enomoto
- Environmental Chemistry Division; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Ibaraki Japan
- Faculty of Engineering; Toyo University; Saitama Japan
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39
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Guttikunda SK. Impacts of Asian megacity emissions on regional air quality during spring 2001. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Bertschi IT. Long-range transport of ozone, carbon monoxide, and aerosols to the NE Pacific troposphere during the summer of 2003: Observations of smoke plumes from Asian boreal fires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Parrish DD, Dunlea EJ, Atlas EL, Schauffler S, Donnelly S, Stroud V, Goldstein AH, Millet DB, McKay M, Jaffe DA, Price HU, Hess PG, Flocke F, Roberts JM. Changes in the photochemical environment of the temperate North Pacific troposphere in response to increased Asian emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. D. Parrish
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. J. Dunlea
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. L. Atlas
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Schauffler
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Donnelly
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - V. Stroud
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - D. B. Millet
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - M. McKay
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - D. A. Jaffe
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington-Bothell; Bothell Washington USA
| | - H. U. Price
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington-Bothell; Bothell Washington USA
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - P. G. Hess
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. Flocke
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. M. Roberts
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
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42
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Oshima N, Koike M, Nakamura H, Kondo Y, Takegawa N, Miyazaki Y, Blake DR, Shirai T, Kita K, Kawakami S, Ogawa T. Asian chemical outflow to the Pacific in late spring observed during the PEACE-B aircraft mission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Oshima
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Koike
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Nakamura
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - N. Takegawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Miyazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - T. Shirai
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kita
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science; Ibaraki University; Ibaraki Japan
| | - S. Kawakami
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Ogawa
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
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43
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Takegawa N, Kondo Y, Koike M, Chen G, Machida T, Watai T, Blake DR, Streets DG, Woo JH, Carmichael GR, Kita K, Miyazaki Y, Shirai T, Liley JB, Ogawa T. Removal of NOxand NOyin Asian outflow plumes: Aircraft measurements over the western Pacific in January 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Takegawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Koike
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - G. Chen
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - T. Machida
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Ibaraki Japan
| | - T. Watai
- Global Environmental Forum; Ibaraki Japan
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - D. G. Streets
- Decision and Information Sciences Division; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois USA
| | - J.-H. Woo
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - G. R. Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - K. Kita
- Department of Environmental Science; Ibaraki University; Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y. Miyazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Shirai
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - J. B. Liley
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Lauder New Zealand
| | - T. Ogawa
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
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44
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de Gouw JA, Cooper OR, Warneke C, Hudson PK, Fehsenfeld FC, Holloway JS, Hübler G, Nicks Jr. DK, Nowak JB, Parrish DD, Ryerson TB, Atlas EL, Donnelly SG, Schauffler SM, Stroud V, Johnson K, Carmichael GR, Streets DG. Chemical composition of air masses transported from Asia to the U.S. West Coast during ITCT 2K2: Fossil fuel combustion versus biomass-burning signatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. de Gouw
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - O. R. Cooper
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. Warneke
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. K. Hudson
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. C. Fehsenfeld
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. S. Holloway
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. Hübler
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. K. Nicks Jr.
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. B. Nowak
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. B. Ryerson
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. L. Atlas
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. G. Donnelly
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - V. Stroud
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - K. Johnson
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. R. Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - D. G. Streets
- Decision and Information Sciences Division; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois USA
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45
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Bertschi IT, Jaffe DA, Jaeglé L, Price HU, Dennison JB. PHOBEA/ITCT 2002 airborne observations of transpacific transport of ozone, CO, volatile organic compounds, and aerosols to the northeast Pacific: Impacts of Asian anthropogenic and Siberian boreal fire emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. T. Bertschi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington-Bothell; Bothell Washington USA
| | - D. A. Jaffe
- Department of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington-Bothell; Bothell Washington USA
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - L. Jaeglé
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - H. U. Price
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - J. B. Dennison
- Department of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington-Bothell; Bothell Washington USA
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46
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Wang Y. On tracer correlations in the troposphere: The case of ethane and propane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Yoshida Y. A three-dimensional global model study of atmospheric methyl chloride budget and distributions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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48
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Xiao Y. Constraints on Asian and European sources of methane from CH4-C2H6-CO correlations in Asian outflow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Wang T. Relationships of trace gases and aerosols and the emission characteristics at Lin'an, a rural site in eastern China, during spring 2001. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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O'Sullivan DW. Long-term and seasonal variations in the levels of hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide, and selected compounds over the Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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