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Jo DS, Nault BA, Tilmes S, Gettelman A, McCluskey CS, Hodzic A, Henze DK, Nawaz MO, Fung KM, Jimenez JL. Global Health and Climate Effects of Organic Aerosols from Different Sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13793-13807. [PMID: 37671787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of aerosols on human health and climate is well-recognized, yet many studies have only focused on total PM2.5 or changes from anthropogenic activities. This study quantifies the health and climate effects of organic aerosols (OA) from anthropogenic, biomass burning, and biogenic sources. Using two atmospheric chemistry models, CAM-chem and GEOS-Chem, our findings reveal that anthropogenic primary OA (POA) has the highest efficiency for health effects but the lowest for direct radiative effects due to spatial and temporal variations associated with population and surface albedo. The treatment of POA as nonvolatile or semivolatile also influences these efficiencies through different chemical processes. Biogenic OA shows moderate efficiency for health effects and the highest for direct radiative effects but has the lowest efficiency for indirect effects due to the reduced high cloud, caused by stabilized temperature profiles from aerosol-radiation interactions in biogenic OA-rich regions. Biomass burning OA is important for cloud radiative effect changes in remote atmospheres due to its ability to be transported further than other OAs. This study highlights the importance of not only OA characteristics such as toxicity and refractive index but also atmospheric processes such as transport and chemistry in determining health and climate impact efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duseong S Jo
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Benjamin A Nault
- Center for Aerosols and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Simone Tilmes
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Andrew Gettelman
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Christina S McCluskey
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Alma Hodzic
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Daven K Henze
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Muhammad Omar Nawaz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ka Ming Fung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jose L Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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2
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Hůnová I, Brabec M, Malý M. Ambient ozone at a rural Central European site and its vertical concentration gradient close to the ground. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80014-80028. [PMID: 37291343 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The representativeness of ambient air quality of an in situ measurement is key in the use and correct interpretation of the measured concentration values. Though the horizontal representativeness aspect is generally not neglected in air pollution studies, a detailed, high-resolution vertical distribution of ambient air pollutant concentrations is rarely addressed. The aim of this study is twofold: (i) to explore the vertical distribution of ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations measured at four heights above the ground-namely at 2, 8, 50, and 230 m-and (ii) to examine in detail the vertical O3 concentration gradient in air columns between 2 and 8, 8 and 50, and 50 and 230 m above the ground. We use the daily mean O3 concentrations measured continuously at the Košetice station, representing the rural Central European background ambient air quality observed during 2015-2021. We use the semiparametric GAM (generalised additive model) approach (with complexity or roughness-penalised splines implementation) to analyse the data with sufficient flexibility. Our models for both O3 concentrations and O3 gradients use (additive) decomposition into annual trend and seasonality (plus an overall intercept). The seasonal and year-to-year patterns of the modelled O3 concentrations look very similar at first glance. Nevertheless, a more detailed look through O3 gradients shows that they differ substantially with respect to their seasonal and long-term dynamics. The vertical O3 concentration gradient in 2-230 m is not uniform but changes substantially with increasing height and shows by far the highest dynamics near the ground between 2 and 8 m, differing in both the seasonal and annual aspects for all the air columns inspected. We speculate that non-linear changes of both seasonal and annual components of vertical O3 gradients are due to atmospheric-terrestrial interactions and to meteorological factors, which we will explore in a future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Hůnová
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Sabatce 17, 143 06, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benatska 2, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Marek Brabec
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vodarenskou vezi 2, 182 07, Prague 8, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malý
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vodarenskou vezi 2, 182 07, Prague 8, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic
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3
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Tassone A, Magand O, Naccarato A, Martino M, Amico D, Sprovieri F, Leuridan H, Bertrand Y, Ramonet M, Pirrone N, Dommergue A. Seven-year monitoring of mercury in wet precipitation and atmosphere at the Amsterdam Island GMOS station. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14608. [PMID: 37020937 PMCID: PMC10068122 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) fate and transport research requires more effort to obtain a deep knowledge of its biogeochemical cycle, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere and Tropics that are still missing of distributed monitoring sites. Continuous monitoring of atmospheric Hg concentrations and trend worldwide is relevant for the effectiveness evaluation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury (MCM) actions. In this context, Gaseous Elemental Mercury (GEM) and total mercury (THg) in precipitations were monitored from 2013 to 2019 at the Amsterdam Island Observatory (AMS - 37°48'S, 77°34'E) to provide insights into the Hg pathway in the remote southern Indian Ocean, also considering ancillary dataset of Rn-222, CO2, CO, and CH4. GEM average concentration was 1.06 ± 0.07 ng m-3, with a slight increase during the austral winter due to both higher wind speed over the surface ocean and contributions from southern Africa. In wet depositions, THg average concentration was 2.39 ± 1.17 ng L-1, whereas the annual flux averaged 2.04 ± 0.80 μg m-2 year-1. In general, both GEM and Volume-Weighted Mean Concentration (VWMC) of THg did not show an increasing/decreasing trend over the seven-year period, suggesting a substantial lack of evolution about emission of Hg reaching AMS. Air masses Cluster Analysis and Potential Source Contribution Function showed that oceanic evasion was the main Hg contributor at AMS, while further contributions were attributable to long-range transport events from southern Africa, particularly when the occurrence of El Niño increased the frequency of wildfires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tassone
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Rende, Italy
- Corresponding author. CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Rende, Italy.
| | - Olivier Magand
- Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, 38400, Grenoble, France
| | - Attilio Naccarato
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Rende, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Martino
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Rende, Italy
| | - Domenico Amico
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Rende, Italy
| | | | - Hippolyte Leuridan
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yann Bertrand
- Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, 38400, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Ramonet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicola Pirrone
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Rende, Italy
| | - Aurelien Dommergue
- Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, 38400, Grenoble, France
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Matandirotya NR, Anoruo CM. An assessment of aerosol optical depth over three AERONET sites in South Africa during the year 2020. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2023; 19:e01446. [PMID: 36448048 PMCID: PMC9683855 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to notice that the world health organization (WHO) on the 11th of March 2020, declared COVID-19 a global pandemic and in response governments around the world introduced lockdowns that restricted human and traffic movements including South Africa. This pandemic resulted in a total lockdown from 26 March until 16 April 2020 in South Africa with expected decrease in atmospheric aerosols. In this present study, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over Southern Africa based on ground-based remotely sensed data derived from three AERONET sites (Durban, Skukuza and Upington) during 2020 were used to detrermine the restriction resopnse on atmospheric aerosol pollution The study used data from 2019, 2018 and 2017 as base years. The AERONET derived data was complemented with the HYSPLIT Model and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data. The study findings show that peak increase of AOD corresponds to Angstrom exponent (AE) enhancement for two sites Durban and Skukuza during winter (JJA) while the Upington site showed a different trend where peak AOD were observed in spring (SON). The study also observed the influence of long transport airmasses particularly those originating from the Atlantic and Indian ocean moreso for the Durban and Skukuza sites (summer and autumn) thus these sites received fresh marine aerosols however this was not the case for Upington which fell under the influence of short-range inland airmasses and was likely to receive anthropogenic and dust aerosols. The major results suggest that the lockdowns did not translate into a significant decrease in AOD levels compared to previous immediate years. The results has presented restriction response of AOD over South Africa but additional analysis is required using more locations to compare results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Newton R Matandirotya
- Derpatment of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6000, South Africa
- Centre for Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience, Kgotso Development Trust,P.O.Box 5, Beitbridge, Zimbabwe
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Matandirotya NR, Burger R. An assessment of NO 2 atmospheric air pollution over three cities in South Africa during 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2023; 16:263-276. [PMID: 36281221 PMCID: PMC9581554 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-022-01271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To contain the spread of COVID-19 in 2020, several governments around the world imposed national lockdowns including that of South Africa. The purpose of this study was to investigate and give an overview of nitrogen dioxide column levels during the year 2020 over three South African cities (Johannesburg, Durban and Cape Town) using AURA OMI derived measurements, the HYSPLIT model, complemented with NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. Our findings were that in 2020, all the cities recorded their daily maximum mean NO2 column levels during the winter season at 14.1 × 1015 molecules per cm2, 3.1 × 1015 molecules per cm2 and 1.7 × 1015 molecules per cm2 for Johannesburg, Durban, and Cape Town respectively. Across all seasons, Cape Town recorded the lowest seasonal mean at 0.6 × 1015 molecules per cm2 (summer 2020) while the highest seasonal mean was recorded over Johannesburg at 9 × 1015 molecules cm2 (winter 2020). Furthermore, an interannual comparison analysis indicated that during summer, there were increases of 6%, 1% and 30% for Johannesburg, Durban and Cape Town respectively. During winter, Johannesburg saw an increase of 19% while a 2% increase was recorded in Durban with Cape town recording a 16% decrease in NO2 column levels. The study also recorded that Cape Town and Durban were mainly influenced by long-range transport air masses originating from the South Atlantic Ocean, South America, Antarctica and the Indian Ocean particularly during the summer and autumn seasons possibly leading to the formation of marine nitrate aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Newton R. Matandirotya
- Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6000 South Africa
- Centre for Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience, Kgotso Development Trust, P.O. Box 5, Beitbridge, Zimbabwe
| | - Roelof Burger
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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6
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Li Y, Li M, Rice M, Yang C. Impact of COVID-19 containment and closure policies on tropospheric nitrogen dioxide: A global perspective. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106887. [PMID: 34563750 PMCID: PMC8452510 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The containment and closure policies adopted in attempts to contain the spread of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have impacted nearly every aspect of our lives including the environment we live in. These influences may be observed when evaluating changes in pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is an important indicator for economic, industrial, and other anthropogenic activities. We utilized a data-driven approach to analyze the relationship between tropospheric NO2 and COVID-19 mitigation measures by clustering regions based on pollution levels rather than constraining the study units by predetermined administrative boundaries as pollution knows no borders. Specifically, three clusters were discovered signifying mild, moderate, and poor pollution levels. The most severely polluted cluster saw significant reductions in tropospheric NO2, coinciding with lockdown periods. Based on the clustering results, qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted at global and regional levels to investigate the spatiotemporal changes. In addition, panel regression analysis was utilized to quantify the impact of policy measures on the NO2 reduction. This study found that a 23.58 score increase in the stringency index (ranging from 0 to 100) can significantly reduce the NO2 TVCD by 3.2% (p < 0.05) in the poor cluster in 2020, which corresponds to a 13.1% maximum reduction with the most stringent containment and closure policies implemented. In addition, the policy measures of workplace closures and close public transport can significantly decrease the tropospheric NO2 in the poor cluster by 6.7% (p < 0.1) and 4.5% (p < 0.1), respectively. An additional heterogeneity analysis found that areas with higher incomes, CO2 emissions, and fossil fuel consumption have larger NO2 TVCD reductions regarding workplace closures and public transport closures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA; NSF Spatiotemporal Innovation Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Moming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Megan Rice
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chaowei Yang
- Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA; NSF Spatiotemporal Innovation Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
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7
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Global Clear-Sky Aerosol Speciated Direct Radiative Effects over 40 Years (1980–2019). ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We assess the 40-year climatological clear-sky global direct radiative effect (DRE) of five main aerosol types using the MERRA-2 reanalysis and a spectral radiative transfer model (FORTH). The study takes advantage of aerosol-speciated, spectrally and vertically resolved optical properties over the period 1980–2019, to accurately determine the aerosol DREs, emphasizing the attribution of the total DREs to each aerosol type. The results show that aerosols radiatively cool the Earth’s surface and heat its atmosphere by 7.56 and 2.35 Wm−2, respectively, overall cooling the planet by 5.21 Wm−2, partly counterbalancing the anthropogenic greenhouse global warming during 1980–2019. These DRE values differ significantly in terms of magnitude, and even sign, among the aerosol types (sulfate and black carbon aerosols cool and heat the planet by 1.88 and 0.19 Wm−2, respectively), the hemispheres (larger NH than SH values), the surface cover type (larger land than ocean values) or the seasons (larger values in local spring and summer), while considerable inter-decadal changes are evident. These DRE differences are even larger by up to an order of magnitude on a regional scale, highlighting the important role of the aerosol direct radiative effect for local and global climate.
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Transport and Variability of Tropospheric Ozone over Oceania and Southern Pacific during the 2019–20 Australian Bushfires. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13163092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study contributes to the scientific effort for a better understanding of the potential of the Australian biomass burning events to influence tropospheric trace gas abundances at the regional scale. In order to exclude the influence of the long-range transport of ozone precursors from biomass burning plumes originating from Southern America and Africa, the analysis of the Australian smoke plume has been driven over the period December 2019 to January 2020. This study uses satellite (IASI, MLS, MODIS, CALIOP) and ground-based (sun-photometer, FTIR, ozone radiosondes) observations. The highest values of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and carbon monoxide total columns are observed over Southern and Central Australia. Transport is responsible for the spatial and temporal distributions of aerosols and carbon monoxide over Australia, and also the transport of the smoke plume outside the continent. The dispersion of the tropospheric smoke plume over Oceania and Southern Pacific extends from tropical to extratropical latitudes. Ozone radiosonde measurements performed at Samoa (14.4°S, 170.6°W) and Lauder (45.0°S, 169.4°E) indicate an increase in mid-tropospheric ozone (6–9 km) (from 10% to 43%) linked to the Australian biomass burning plume. This increase in mid-tropospheric ozone induced by the transport of the smoke plume was found to be consistent with MLS observations over the tropical and extratropical latitudes. The smoke plume over the Southern Pacific was organized as a stretchable anticyclonic rolling which impacted the ozone variability in the tropical and subtropical upper-troposphere over Oceania. This is corroborated by the ozone profile measurements at Samoa which exhibit an enhanced ozone layer (29%) in the upper-troposphere. Our results suggest that the transport of Australian biomass burning plumes have significantly impacted the vertical distribution of ozone in the mid-troposphere southern tropical to extratropical latitudes during the 2019–20 extreme Australian bushfires.
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2019–20 Australian Bushfires and Anomalies in Carbon Monoxide Surface and Column Measurements. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12060755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Australia, bushfires are a natural part of the country’s landscape and essential for the regeneration of plant species; however, the 2019–20 bushfires were unprecedented in their extent and intensity. This paper is focused on the 2019–20 Australian bushfires and the resulting surface and column atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) anomalies around Wollongong. Column CO data from the ground-based Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) site in Wollongong are used together with surface in situ measurements. A systematic comparison was performed between the surface in situ and column measurements of CO to better understand whether column measurements can be used as an estimate of the surface concentrations. If so, satellite column measurements of CO could be used to estimate the exposure of humans to CO and other fire-related pollutants. We find that the enhancements in the column measurements are not always significantly evident in the corresponding surface measurements. Topographical features play a key role in determining the surface exposures from column abundance especially in a coastal city like Wollongong. The topography at Wollongong, combined with meteorological effects, potentially exacerbates differences in the column and surface. Hence, satellite column amounts are unlikely to provide an accurate reflection of exposure at the ground during major events like the 2019–2020 bushfires.
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Gaubert B, Emmons LK, Raeder K, Tilmes S, Miyazaki K, Arellano AF, Elguindi N, Granier C, Tang W, Barré J, Worden HM, Buchholz RR, Edwards DP, Franke P, Anderson JL, Saunois M, Schroeder J, Woo JH, Simpson IJ, Blake DR, Meinardi S, Wennberg PO, Crounse J, Teng A, Kim M, Dickerson RR, He H, Ren X, Pusede SE, Diskin GS. Correcting model biases of CO in East Asia: impact on oxidant distributions during KORUS-AQ. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2020; 20:14617-14647. [PMID: 33414818 PMCID: PMC7786812 DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-14617-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Global coupled chemistry-climate models underestimate carbon monoxide (CO) in the Northern Hemisphere, exhibiting a pervasive negative bias against measurements peaking in late winter and early spring. While this bias has been commonly attributed to underestimation of direct anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions, chemical production and loss via OH reaction from emissions of anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role. Here we investigate the reasons for this underestimation using aircraft measurements taken in May and June 2016 from the Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) experiment in South Korea and the Air Chemistry Research in Asia (ARIAs) in the North China Plain (NCP). For reference, multispectral CO retrievals (V8J) from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) are jointly assimilated with meteorological observations using an ensemble adjustment Kalman filter (EAKF) within the global Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry (CAM-Chem) and the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART). With regard to KORUS-AQ data, CO is underestimated by 42% in the control run and by 12% with the MOPITT assimilation run. The inversion suggests an underestimation of anthropogenic CO sources in many regions, by up to 80% for northern China, with large increments over the Liaoning Province and the North China Plain (NCP). Yet, an often-overlooked aspect of these inversions is that correcting the underestimation in anthropogenic CO emissions also improves the comparison with observational O3 datasets and observationally constrained box model simulations of OH and HO2. Running a CAM-Chem simulation with the updated emissions of anthropogenic CO reduces the bias by 29% for CO, 18% for ozone, 11% for HO2, and 27% for OH. Longer-lived anthropogenic VOCs whose model errors are correlated with CO are also improved, while short-lived VOCs, including formaldehyde, are difficult to constrain solely by assimilating satellite retrievals of CO. During an anticyclonic episode, better simulation of O3, with an average underestimation of 5.5 ppbv, and a reduction in the bias of surface formaldehyde and oxygenated VOCs can be achieved by separately increasing by a factor of 2 the modeled biogenic emissions for the plant functional types found in Korea. Results also suggest that controlling VOC and CO emissions, in addition to widespread NO x controls, can improve ozone pollution over East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gaubert
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Louisa K. Emmons
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kevin Raeder
- Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Simone Tilmes
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Miyazaki
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Avelino F. Arellano
- Dept. of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nellie Elguindi
- Laboratoire d’Aérologie, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Granier
- Laboratoire d’Aérologie, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory-CIRES/University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Wenfu Tang
- Advanced Study Program, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jérôme Barré
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, Reading, RG2 9AX, UK
| | - Helen M. Worden
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca R. Buchholz
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - David P. Edwards
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Philipp Franke
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung IEK-8, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jeffrey L. Anderson
- Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Marielle Saunois
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Jung-Hun Woo
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Isobel J. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Simone Meinardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - John Crounse
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Alex Teng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Russell R. Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hao He
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xinrong Ren
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sally E. Pusede
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Ribeiro IO, do Santos EO, Batista CE, Fernandes KS, Ye J, Medeiros AS, E Oliveira RL, de Sá SS, de Sousa TR, Kayano MT, Andreoli RV, Machado CDMD, Surratt JD, Junior SD, Martin ST, de Souza RAF. Impact of biomass burning on a metropolitan area in the Amazon during the 2015 El Niño: The enhancement of carbon monoxide and levoglucosan concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114029. [PMID: 32018200 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extreme droughts associated with changes in the climate have occurred every 5 years in the Amazon during the 21st century, with the most severe being in 2015. The increase in biomass burning (BB) events that occurred during the 2015 drought had several negative socioeconomic and environmental impacts, one of which was a decrease in the air quality. This study is an investigation into the air quality in the Manaus Metropolitan Region (MMR) (central Amazon, Brazil) during the dry (September to October) and wet (April to May) seasons of 2015 and 2016. A strong El Niño event began during the wet season of 2015 and ended during the wet season of 2016. Particulate matter samples were collected in the MMR during 2015 and 2016, and analyses of the satellite-estimated total carbon monoxide (CO) column and observed levoglucosan concentrations were carried out. Levoglucosan has been shown to be significantly correlated with regional fires and is a well-established chemical tracer for the atmospheric particulates emitted by BB, and CO can be treated as a gaseous-phase tracer for BB. The number of BB events increased significantly during the El Niño period when compared to the average number during 2003-2016. Consequently, the total CO column and levoglucosan concentration values in the MMR increased by 15% and 500%, respectively, when compared to the normal conditions. These results indicate that during the period that was analyzed, the impacts of BB were exacerbated during the strong El Niño event as compared to the non-El Niño period. In this study, we provided evidence that the air quality in the MMR will degrade in the future if droughts and BB occurrences continue to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor O Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Climate and Environment (CLIAMB, INPA/UEA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, Campus II, Aleixo, 69060-001, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Erickson O do Santos
- Federal University of Amazonas, Department of Chemistry, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 1200 - Coroado I, 69067-005, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Carla E Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Climate and Environment (CLIAMB, INPA/UEA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, Campus II, Aleixo, 69060-001, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Karenn S Fernandes
- Federal University of Amazonas, Department of Chemistry, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 1200 - Coroado I, 69067-005, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jianhuai Ye
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adan S Medeiros
- University of Amazonas State, Superior School of Technology, Av. Darcy Vargas, 1200, Parque 10 de Novembro, 69065-020, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Rafael L E Oliveira
- University of Amazonas State, Superior School of Technology, Av. Darcy Vargas, 1200, Parque 10 de Novembro, 69065-020, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Suzane S de Sá
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thaiane R de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology (PPG-ECO, INPA), Av. André Araújo, 97, Campus III, Adrianópolis, 69060-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Mary T Kayano
- National Institute for Space Research, Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Research, Av. Dos Astronautas, 1758 Sao José Dos Campos, 12227-010, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita V Andreoli
- University of Amazonas State, Superior School of Technology, Av. Darcy Vargas, 1200, Parque 10 de Novembro, 69065-020, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Cristine de M D Machado
- Federal University of Amazonas, Department of Chemistry, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 1200 - Coroado I, 69067-005, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jason D Surratt
- University of North Carolina, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 27516, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sergio D Junior
- University of Amazonas State, Superior School of Technology, Av. Darcy Vargas, 1200, Parque 10 de Novembro, 69065-020, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Scot T Martin
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rodrigo A F de Souza
- University of Amazonas State, Superior School of Technology, Av. Darcy Vargas, 1200, Parque 10 de Novembro, 69065-020, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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McGill MJ, Swap RJ, Yorks JE, Selmer PA, Piketh SJ. Observation and quantification of aerosol outflow from southern Africa using spaceborne lidar. S AFR J SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2020/6398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass burning in Africa provides a prolific source of aerosols that are transported from the source region to distant areas, as far away as South America and Australia. Models have long predicted the primary outflow and transport routes. Over time, field studies have validated the basic production and dynamics that underlie these transport patterns. In more recent years, the advancement of spaceborne active remote-sensing techniques has allowed for more detailed verification of the models and, importantly,verification of the vertical distribution of the aerosols in the transport regions, particularly with respect to westerly transport over the Atlantic Ocean. The Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) lidar on the International Space Station has detection sensitivity that provides observations that support long-held theories of aerosol transport from the African subcontinent over the remote Indian Ocean and as far downstream as Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J. Swap
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Management, North West University Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - John E. Yorks
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Stuart J. Piketh
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Management, North West University Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Wang Y, Hu M, Lin P, Tan T, Li M, Xu N, Zheng J, Du Z, Qin Y, Wu Y, Lu S, Song Y, Wu Z, Guo S, Zeng L, Huang X, He L. Enhancement in Particulate Organic Nitrogen and Light Absorption of Humic-Like Substances over Tibetan Plateau Due to Long-Range Transported Biomass Burning Emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14222-14232. [PMID: 31722173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the influence of long-range transported biomass burning organic aerosols (BBOA) on the Tibetan Plateau, the molecular compositions and light absorption of HUmic-Like Substances (HULIS), major fractions of brown carbon, were characterized during the premonsoon season. Under the significant influence of biomass burning, HULIS concentrations increased to as high as 26 times of the background levels, accounting for 54% of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and 50% of organic carbon (OC). The light absorption of HULIS also enhanced up to 42 times of the background levels, contributing 61% of the WSOC absorption and 50% of OC absorption. Meanwhile, elevated nitrogen-containing compounds (NOCs) among HULIS were observed. The NOCs from fresh and aged BBOA were unambiguously identified on the molecular level, through comparing with the molecular compositions of NOCs from lab-controlled and field burning experiments. N-Heterocyclic bases represent major fractions in the reduced nitrogen compounds from fresh BBOA, and nitroaromatic compounds are important groups among the oxidized nitrogen compounds from aged BBOA. The nitrogen-containing compounds, including nitroaromatics and N-heterocyclic compounds, were also important chromophores, which contributed to the enhanced light absorption of extracted HULIS during biomass burning-influenced periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujue Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Sciences and Advanced Technology , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Tianyi Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Mengren Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhuofei Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yanhong Qin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Sihua Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Liwu Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Lingyan He
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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Analysis of air mass back trajectories with present and historical volcanic activity and anthropogenic compounds to infer pollution sources in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/bgeo-2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This work analyses atmospheric transport of natural and anthropogenic pollution to the South Shetland Islands (SSI), with particular reference to the period September 2015 – August 2017. Based on data from the Global Volcanism Program database and air mass back trajectories calculated using the HySPLIT model, it was found that it is possible that in the analysed period volcanic pollution was supplied via long-range transport from South America, and from the South Sandwich Islands. Air masses flowed in over the South Shetland Islands from the South America region relatively frequently – 226 times during the study period, which suggests the additional possibility of anthropogenic pollution being supplied by this means. In certain cases the trajectories also indicated the possibility of atmospheric transport from the New Zealand region, and even from the south-eastern coast of Australia. The analysis of the obtained results is compared against the background of research by other authors. This is done to indicate that research into the origin of chemical compounds in the Antarctic environment should take into account the possible influx of pollutants from remote areas during the sampling period, as well as the possible reemission of compounds accumulated in snow and ice.
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Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Tropospheric Ozone and Its Precursors in Guangxi, South China. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9090355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The temporal and spatial distributions of tropospheric ozone and its precursors (NO2, CO, HCHO) are analyzed over Guangxi (GX) in South China. We used tropospheric column ozone (TCO) from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) onboard the Aura satellite (OMI/MLS), NO2 and HCHO from OMI and CO from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument in the period 2005–2016. The TCO shows strong seasonality, with the highest value in spring and the lowest value observed in the monsoon season. The seasonal variation of HCHO is similar to that of TCO, while NO2 and CO show slightly different patterns with higher values in spring and winter compared to lower values in autumn and summer. The surface ozone, NO2 and CO observed by national air quality monitoring network sites are also compared with satellite-observed TCO, NO2 and CO, showing good agreement for NO2 and CO but a different seasonal pattern for ozone. Unlike TCO, surface ozone has the highest value in autumn and the lowest value in winter. To reveal the difference, the vertical profiles of ozone and CO from the measurement of ozone and water vapor by airbus in-service aircraft (MOZAIC) observations over South China are also examined. The seasonal averaged vertical profiles of ozone and CO show obvious enhancements at 2–6 km altitudes in spring. Furthermore, we investigate the dependence of TCO and surface ozone on meteorology and transport in detail along with the ECMWF reanalysis data, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3BV42 dataset, OMI ultraviolet index (UV index) dataset, MODIS Fire Radiative Power (FRP) and back trajectory. Our results show that the wind pattern at 800 hPa plays a significant role in determining the seasonality of TCO over GX, especially for the highest value in spring. Trajectory analysis, combined with MODIS FRP suggests that the air masses that passed through the biomass burning (BB) region of Southeast Asia (SEA) induced the enhancement of TCO and CO in the upper-middle troposphere in spring. However, the seasonal cycle of surface ozone is associated with wind patterns at 950 hPa, and the contribution of the photochemical effect is offset by the strong summer monsoon, which results in the maximum surface ozone concentration in post-monsoon September. The variations in the meteorological conditions at different levels and the influence of transport from SEA can account for the vertical distribution of ozone and CO. We conclude that the seasonal distribution of TCO results from the combined impact of meteorology and long-term transport.
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Chen J, Li C, Ristovski Z, Milic A, Gu Y, Islam MS, Wang S, Hao J, Zhang H, He C, Guo H, Fu H, Miljevic B, Morawska L, Thai P, Lam YF, Pereira G, Ding A, Huang X, Dumka UC. A review of biomass burning: Emissions and impacts on air quality, health and climate in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:1000-1034. [PMID: 27908624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) is a significant air pollution source, with global, regional and local impacts on air quality, public health and climate. Worldwide an extensive range of studies has been conducted on almost all the aspects of BB, including its specific types, on quantification of emissions and on assessing its various impacts. China is one of the countries where the significance of BB has been recognized, and a lot of research efforts devoted to investigate it, however, so far no systematic reviews were conducted to synthesize the information which has been emerging. Therefore the aim of this work was to comprehensively review most of the studies published on this topic in China, including literature concerning field measurements, laboratory studies and the impacts of BB indoors and outdoors in China. In addition, this review provides insights into the role of wildfire and anthropogenic BB on air quality and health globally. Further, we attempted to provide a basis for formulation of policies and regulations by policy makers in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chunlin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zoran Ristovski
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Andelija Milic
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Yuantong Gu
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Mohammad S Islam
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hefeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Congrong He
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Hai Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Branka Miljevic
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Phong Thai
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Yun Fat Lam
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gavin Pereira
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Aijun Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Umesh C Dumka
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Manora Peak, Nainital 263001, India
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Ssenyonga T, Muyimbwa D, Okullo W, Chen YC, Frette Ø, Hamre B, Steigen A, Dahlback A, Stamnes JJ. Aerosols in coastal and inland areas in the equatorial African belt. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:2964-2973. [PMID: 24922014 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.002964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aerosols affect the climate directly through absorption and reflection of sunlight back to space and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. This paper is based on more than three decades of satellite data (1979-1994 and 1996-2012) from total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) and ozone monitoring instrument (OMI), which have provided measurements of backscattered radiances in the wavelength range from 331 to 380 nm. These data have been used to determine the aerosol climatology and to investigate the influence of the aerosol index (AI) on the ultraviolet index (UVI) in coastal land areas in Serrekunda (13.28°N, 16.34°W), The Gambia, and Dar-es-Salaam (6.8°S, 39.26°E), Tanzania, as well as in inland areas in Kampala (0.19°N, 32.34°E), Uganda. Heavy aerosol loadings were found to occur in the dry seasons at all three locations. To reduce the influence of clouds, we disregarded TOMS and OMI data for days during which the UV reflectivity was larger than 9% and investigated the correlation of the AI with the UVI for the remaining days at the three locations. We found a high correlation coefficient of 0.82 for Serrekunda, but poor correlation for Kampala and Dar-es-Salaam. The average AI for Serrekunda was found to be about three times higher than that for Kampala or Dar-es-Salaam, and a positive trend was found for the AI in Kampala and Dar-es-Salaam, whereas a negative trend was found for the AI in Serrekunda.
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Sukitpaneenit M, Kim Oanh NT. Satellite monitoring for carbon monoxide and particulate matter during forest fire episodes in Northern Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:2495-2504. [PMID: 24326733 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the use of satellite data to monitor carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) in Northern Thailand during the dry season when forest fires are known to be an important cause of air pollution. Satellite data, including Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) CO, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol optical depth (MODIS AOD), and MODIS fire hotspots, were analyzed with air pollution data measured at nine automatic air quality monitoring stations in the study area for February-April months of 2008-2010. The correlation analysis showed that daily CO and PM with size below 10 μm (PM10) were associated with the forest fire hotspot counts, especially in the rural areas with the maximum correlation coefficient (R) of 0.59 for CO and 0.65 for PM10. The correlations between MODIS AOD and PM10, between MOPITT CO and CO, and between MODIS AOD and MOPITT CO were also analyzed, confirming the association between these variables. Two forest fire episodes were selected, and the dispersion of pollution plumes was studied using the MOPITT CO total column and MODIS AOD data, together with the surface wind vectors. The results showed consistency between the plume dispersion, locations of dense hotspots, ground monitoring data, and prevalent winds. The satellite data were shown to be useful in monitoring the regional transport of forest fire plumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlika Sukitpaneenit
- Environmental Engineering and Management, School of Environment, Resources and Development (SERD), Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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Satellite-Detected Carbon Monoxide Pollution during 2000–2012: Examining Global Trends and also Regional Anthropogenic Periods over China, the EU and the USA. CLIMATE 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/cli2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hooghiemstra PB, Krol MC, van Leeuwen TT, van der Werf GR, Novelli PC, Deeter MN, Aben I, Röckmann T. Interannual variability of carbon monoxide emission estimates over South America from 2006 to 2010. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Baray JL, Duflot V, Posny F, Cammas JP, Thompson AM, Gabarrot F, Bonne JL, Zeng G. One year ozonesonde measurements at Kerguelen Island (49.2°S, 70.1°E): Influence of stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange and long-range transport of biomass burning plumes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Boynard A, Pfister GG, Edwards DP. Boundary layer versus free tropospheric CO budget and variability over the United States during summertime. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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The Impact of Uncertainties in African Biomass Burning Emission Estimates on Modeling Global Air Quality, Long Range Transport and Tropospheric Chemical Lifetimes. ATMOSPHERE 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos3010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Duflot V, Royer P, Chazette P, Baray JL, Courcoux Y, Delmas R. Marine and biomass burning aerosols in the southern Indian Ocean: Retrieval of aerosol optical properties from shipborne lidar and Sun photometer measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Deeter MN, Worden HM, Gille JC, Edwards DP, Mao D, Drummond JR. MOPITT multispectral CO retrievals: Origins and effects of geophysical radiance errors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Siddaway JM, Petelina SV. Transport and evolution of the 2009 Australian Black Saturday bushfire smoke in the lower stratosphere observed by OSIRIS on Odin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang Z, Chappellaz J, Park K, Mak JE. Large Variations in Southern Hemisphere Biomass Burning During the Last 650 Years. Science 2010; 330:1663-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1197257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Duflot V, Dils B, Baray JL, De Mazière M, Attié JL, Vanhaelewyn G, Senten C, Vigouroux C, Clain G, Delmas R. Analysis of the origin of the distribution of CO in the subtropical southern Indian Ocean in 2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Worden HM, Deeter MN, Edwards DP, Gille JC, Drummond JR, Nédélec P. Observations of near-surface carbon monoxide from space using MOPITT multispectral retrievals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Paton-Walsh C, Deutscher NM, Griffith DWT, Forgan BW, Wilson SR, Jones NB, Edwards DP. Trace gas emissions from savanna fires in northern Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hara K, Osada K, Yabuki M, Hashida G, Yamanouchi T, Hayashi M, Shiobara M, Nishita C, Wada M. Haze episodes at Syowa Station, coastal Antarctica: Where did they come from? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bian H, Chin M, Kawa SR, Yu H, Diehl T, Kucsera T. Multiscale carbon monoxide and aerosol correlations from satellite measurements and the GOCART model: Implication for emissions and atmospheric evolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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de Laat ATJ, Gloudemans AMS, Aben I, Schrijver H. Global evaluation of SCIAMACHY and MOPITT carbon monoxide column differences for 2004–2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ho SP, Edwards DP, Gille JC, Luo M, Osterman GB, Kulawik SS, Worden H. A global comparison of carbon monoxide profiles and column amounts from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dirksen RJ, Folkert Boersma K, de Laat J, Stammes P, van der Werf GR, Val Martin M, Kelder HM. An aerosol boomerang: Rapid around-the-world transport of smoke from the December 2006 Australian forest fires observed from space. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Edwards DP, Arellano AF, Deeter MN. A satellite observation system simulation experiment for carbon monoxide in the lowermost troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Park M, Randel WJ, Emmons LK, Livesey NJ. Transport pathways of carbon monoxide in the Asian summer monsoon diagnosed from Model of Ozone and Related Tracers (MOZART). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Deeter MN, Edwards DP, Gille JC, Drummond JR. CO retrievals based on MOPITT near-infrared observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Palmer PI. Quantifying sources and sinks of trace gases using space-borne measurements: current and future science. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2008; 366:4509-4528. [PMID: 18852092 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2008.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have been observing the Earth's upper atmosphere from space for several decades, but only over the past decade has the necessary technology begun to match our desire to observe surface air pollutants and climate-relevant trace gases in the lower troposphere, where we live and breathe. A new generation of Earth-observing satellites, capable of probing the lower troposphere, are already orbiting hundreds of kilometres above the Earth's surface with several more ready for launch or in the planning stages. Consequently, this is one of the most exciting times for the Earth system scientists who study the countless current-day physical, chemical and biological interactions between the Earth's land, ocean and atmosphere. First, I briefly review the theory behind measuring the atmosphere from space, and how these data can be used to infer surface sources and sinks of trace gases. I then present some of the science highlights associated with these data and how they can be used to improve fundamental understanding of the Earth's climate system. I conclude the paper by discussing the future role of satellite measurements of tropospheric trace gases in mitigating surface air pollution and carbon trading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul I Palmer
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK.
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McMillan WW, Warner JX, Comer MM, Maddy E, Chu A, Sparling L, Eloranta E, Hoff R, Sachse G, Barnet C, Razenkov I, Wolf W. AIRS views transport from 12 to 22 July 2004 Alaskan/Canadian fires: Correlation of AIRS CO and MODIS AOD with forward trajectories and comparison of AIRS CO retrievals with DC-8 in situ measurements during INTEX-A/ICARTT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Kar J, Jones DBA, Drummond JR, Attié JL, Liu J, Zou J, Nichitiu F, Seymour MD, Edwards DP, Deeter MN, Gille JC, Richter A. Measurement of low-altitude CO over the Indian subcontinent by MOPITT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Saunois M, Mari C, Thouret V, Cammas JP, Peyrillé P, Lafore JP, Sauvage B, Volz-Thomas A, Nédélec P, Pinty JP. An idealized two-dimensional approach to study the impact of the West African monsoon on the meridional gradient of tropospheric ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Allen G, Vaughan G, Bower KN, Williams PI, Crosier J, Flynn M, Connolly P, Hamilton JF, Lee JD, Saxton JE, Watson NM, Gallagher M, Coe H, Allan J, Choularton TW, Lewis AC. Aerosol and trace-gas measurements in the Darwin area during the wet season. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nizzetto L, Lohmann R, Gioia R, Jahnke A, Temme C, Dachs J, Herckes P, Di Guardo A, Jones KC. PAHs in air and seawater along a North-South Atlantic transect: trends, processes and possible sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:1580-1585. [PMID: 18441806 DOI: 10.1021/es0717414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were simultaneously measured in air and surface seawater between 49 degrees N and 25 degrees S in the open Atlantic Ocean. Elevated concentrations of PAHs (sigma10 PAHs approximately 1.4-2.5 ng m(-3) air, and 0.7-1 ng L(-1) seawater) occurred in the Biscay Bay and off the northwest coast of Africa. The unexpectedly high concentrations off NW Africa were discussed assessing the possible contribution of the emerging oil industry along the African shore, the role of biomass burning and natural sources of PAHs. In the southern Atlantic, concentrations of PAHs were close to detection limits (sigma10 PAHs approximately 0.02-0.5 ng m(-3) air, and 0.06-0.5 ng L(-1) seawater) and showed decreasing trends with increasing latitudes. Correlations of PAHs' partial pressures versus inverse temperature were not significant in contrast to results for polychlorinated biphenyls from the same transect. This could have been due to the importance of ongoing primary sources and the shorter atmospheric life-times of PAHs. Air-water fugacity ratios (fa/fw) were calculated for selected compounds. They were close to 1 for fluoranthene and pyrene in remote open ocean areas suggesting air-water partitioning near equilibrium. Ratios for anthracene and phenanthrene were < 0.3 in the remote tropical Atlantic, suggesting net volatilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Nizzetto
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy
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Deeter MN, Edwards DP, Gille JC, Drummond JR. Sensitivity of MOPITT observations to carbon monoxide in the lower troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Ito A, Sudo K, Akimoto H, Sillman S, Penner JE. Global modeling analysis of tropospheric ozone and its radiative forcing from biomass burning emissions in the twentieth century. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Generoso S, Bey I, Attié JL, Bréon FM. A satellite- and model-based assessment of the 2003 Russian fires: Impact on the Arctic region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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de Laat ATJ, Gloudemans AMS, Aben I, Krol M, Meirink JF, van der Werf GR, Schrijver H. Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography carbon monoxide total columns: Statistical evaluation and comparison with chemistry transport model results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Deeter MN, Edwards DP, Gille JC. Retrievals of carbon monoxide profiles from MOPITT observations using lognormal a priori statistics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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