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Ji A, Kasting JF, Cooke GJ, Marsh DR, Tsigaridis K. Comparison between ozone column depths and methane lifetimes computed by one- and three-dimensional models at different atmospheric O 2 levels. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230056. [PMID: 37153363 PMCID: PMC10154922 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Cooke et al. (Cooke et al. 2022 R. Soc. Open Sci. 9, 211165. (doi:10.1098/rsos.211165)) used a three-dimensional coupled chemistry-climate model (WACCM6) to calculate ozone column depths at varied atmospheric O2 levels. They argued that previous one-dimensional (1-D) photochemical model studies, e.g. Segura et al. (Segura et al. 2003 Astrobiology 3, 689-708. (doi:10.1089/153110703322736024)), may have overestimated the ozone column depth at low pO2, and hence also overestimated the lifetime of methane. We have compared new simulations from an updated version of the Segura et al. model with those from WACCM6, together with some results from a second three-dimensional model. The discrepancy in ozone column depths is probably due to multiple interacting parameters, including H2O in the upper troposphere, lower boundary conditions, vertical and meridional transport rates, and different chemical mechanisms, especially the treatment of O2 photolysis in the Schumann-Runge (SR) bands (175-205 nm). The discrepancy in tropospheric OH concentrations and methane lifetime between WACCM6 and the 1-D model at low pO2 is reduced when absorption from CO2 and H2O in this wavelength region is included in WACCM6. Including scattering in the SR bands may further reduce this difference. Resolving these issues can be accomplished by developing an accurate parametrization for O2 photolysis in the SR bands and then repeating these calculations in the various models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ji
- Department of Geosciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - J. F. Kasting
- Department of Geosciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - G. J. Cooke
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - D. R. Marsh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - K. Tsigaridis
- Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA
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Polvani LM, Keeble J, Banerjee A, Checa-Garcia R, Chiodo G, Rieder HE, Rosenlof KH. No evidence of worsening Arctic springtime ozone losses over the 21st century. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1608. [PMID: 36964124 PMCID: PMC10039004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L M Polvani
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA.
| | - J Keeble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Banerjee
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Checa-Garcia
- Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Chiodo
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H E Rieder
- Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - K H Rosenlof
- Chemical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
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Relative Effects of the Greenhouse Gases and Stratospheric Ozone Increases on Temperature and Circulation in the Stratosphere over the Arctic. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14143447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Using a stratosphere-resolving general circulation model, the relative effects of stratospheric ozone and greenhouse gases (GHGs) increase on the temperature and circulation in the Arctic stratosphere are examined. Results show that stratospheric ozone or GHGs increase alone could result in a cooling and strengthening extratropical stratosphere during February, March and April. However, the contribution of stratospheric ozone increases alone on the cooling and strengthening Arctic stratosphere is approximately 2 fold that of the GHGs increase alone. Model simulations suggested that the larger responses of the Arctic stratosphere to the ozone increase alone are closely related to the wave fluxes in the stratosphere, rather than the wave activity in the stratosphere. In response to the ozone increase, the vertical propagation of planetary waves from the troposphere into the mid-latitude stratosphere weakens, mainly contributed by its wavenumber-1 component. The impeded planetary waves tend to result from the larger zonal wind shear and vertical gradient of the buoyancy frequency. The magnitudes of anomalies in the zonal wind shear and buoyancy frequency in response to GHGs increase alone are smaller than in response to the ozone increase, which is in accordance with the larger contribution of stratospheric ozone to the temperature and circulation in the Arctic stratosphere.
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Kumar C, Dogra A, Yadav S, Tandon A, Attri AK. Apportionment of long-term trends in different sections of total ozone column over tropical region. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:298. [PMID: 35347457 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The additive time-series decomposition analysis was performed on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Instrument Merge satellite dataset version 8.6 for the period January 1979 to December 2019 with an objective to detect and apportion long-term trends present in the total ozone column (TOC) and the long-term trends exist in the respective ozone contents present in the vertical sub-columns constituting the TOC viz. upper, middle and lower stratosphere as well as near-surface for the tropical region. Linear regression analysis was performed on the deseasonalized monthly mean time series of TOC and corresponding ozone contents present in each partitioned layer for three different time spans, viz. 1979-2019 (complete time series), 1979-1998 (pre-inflection years), and 1999-2019 (post-inflection years), where 1998 was taken as inflection year. For the complete time-series, statistically significant negative trends were observed in TOC and corresponding ozone contents in the sub-columns over most of the tropical region. Expectedly, during pre-inflection years, strong negative trends were noted for TOC and ozone contents in the partitioned vertical layers. In contrast, during the post-inflection year time span, long-term trends in TOC were statistically insignificant over two-third of the tropical region, but one-third of the subtropical region exhibited negative trends in TOC. During this time span, positive trends were observed in the ozone contents present in the upper stratospheric sub-column. However, negative trends in ozone contents persisted in the middle and the lower stratosphere. It was interesting to note that the ozone contents confined in near-surface layer manifested strong negative trends during pre-inflection years and the same reversed into strong positive trends that in post-inflection span. The observed, contrasting, long-term trends and variability in the respective partitioned layer of the TOC confounded any clear sign of recovery in the TOC over the tropical region. The continuation of declining trends in the middle stratosphere and increasing trends in the near-surface layer of ozone contents is a matter of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhabeel Kumar
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, India, 176215
| | - Ashish Dogra
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, India, 176215
| | - Shweta Yadav
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, India, 181143
| | - Ankit Tandon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, India, 176215.
| | - Arun K Attri
- The DLF Valley Panchkula, A-1/15, Panchkula, Haryana, India, 134107
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Sebald J, Thrippleton T, Rammer W, Bugmann H, Seidl R. Mixing tree species at different spatial scales: The effect of alpha, beta and gamma diversity on disturbance impacts under climate change. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Sebald
- Department of Forest‐ and Soil Sciences Institute of SilvicultureUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna Vienna Austria
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Timothy Thrippleton
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Forest Ecology Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) Zürich Switzerland
- Forest Resources and Management Sustainable Forestry Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Werner Rammer
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Harald Bugmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Forest Ecology Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) Zürich Switzerland
| | - Rupert Seidl
- Department of Forest‐ and Soil Sciences Institute of SilvicultureUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna Vienna Austria
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park Berchtesgaden Germany
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Abstract
This study compares and analyzes simulations of ozone under different scenarios by three CMIP6 models (IPSL-CM6A, MRI-ESM2 and CESM-WACCM). Results indicate that as the social vulnerability and anthropogenic radiative forcing is increasing, the change of total column ozone in the tropical stratosphere is not linear. Compared to the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the SSP1-2.6 and SSP3-7.0 are more favorable for the increase in stratospheric ozone mass in the tropics. Arctic ozone would never recover under the SSP1-2.6 scenario; however, the Antarctica ozone would gradually recover in all scenarios. Under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 scenarios, the trend of tropical total column ozone is mainly determined by the trend of column ozone in the tropical troposphere. Under the SSP3-7.0 scenario, tropospheric ozone concentration will significantly increase; under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, ozone concentration will distinctly increase in the middle and lower troposphere.
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Nielsen JE, Pawson S, Molod A, Auer B, da Silva AM, Douglass AR, Duncan B, Liang Q, Manyin M, Oman LD, Putman W, Strahan SE, Wargan K. Chemical Mechanisms and Their Applications in the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Earth System Model. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2017; 9:3019-3044. [PMID: 29497478 PMCID: PMC5815385 DOI: 10.1002/2017ms001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Earth System Model (ESM) is a modular, general circulation model (GCM), and data assimilation system (DAS) that is used to simulate and study the coupled dynamics, physics, chemistry, and biology of our planet. GEOS is developed by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. It generates near-real-time analyzed data products, reanalyses, and weather and seasonal forecasts to support research targeted to understanding interactions among Earth System processes. For chemistry, our efforts are focused on ozone and its influence on the state of the atmosphere and oceans, and on trace gas data assimilation and global forecasting at mesoscale discretization. Several chemistry and aerosol modules are coupled to the GCM, which enables GEOS to address topics pertinent to NASA's Earth Science Mission. This paper describes the atmospheric chemistry components of GEOS and provides an overview of its Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF)-based software infrastructure, which promotes a rich spectrum of feedbacks that influence circulation and climate, and impact human and ecosystem health. We detail how GEOS allows model users to select chemical mechanisms and emission scenarios at run time, establish the extent to which the aerosol and chemical components communicate, and decide whether either or both influence the radiative transfer calculations. A variety of resolutions facilitates research on spatial and temporal scales relevant to problems ranging from hourly changes in air quality to trace gas trends in a changing climate. Samples of recent GEOS chemistry applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Eric Nielsen
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Steven Pawson
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Andrea Molod
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Benjamin Auer
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Arlindo M. da Silva
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Anne R. Douglass
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Bryan Duncan
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Qing Liang
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | - Michael Manyin
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Luke D. Oman
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - William Putman
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Susan E. Strahan
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | - Krzysztof Wargan
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
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8
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Li F, Vikhliaev YV, Newman PA, Pawson S, Perlwitz J, Waugh DW, Douglass AR. Impacts of Interactive Stratospheric Chemistry on Antarctic and Southern Ocean Climate Change in the Goddard Earth Observing System - Version 5 (GEOS-5). JOURNAL OF CLIMATE 2016; 29:3199-3218. [PMID: 32742076 PMCID: PMC7394345 DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-15-0572.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stratospheric ozone depletion plays a major role in driving climate change in the Southern Hemisphere. To date, many climate models prescribe the stratospheric ozone layer's evolution using monthly and zonally averaged ozone fields. However, the prescribed ozone underestimates Antarctic ozone depletion and lacks zonal asymmetries. In this study we investigate the impact of using interactive stratospheric chemistry instead of prescribed ozone on climate change simulations of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean. Two sets of 1960-2010 ensemble transient simulations are conducted with the coupled ocean version of the Goddard Earth Observing System Model version 5: one with interactive stratospheric chemistry and the other with prescribed ozone derived from the same interactive simulations. The model's climatology is evaluated using observations and reanalysis. Comparison of the 1979-2010 climate trends between these two simulations reveals that interactive chemistry has important effects on climate change not only in the Antarctic stratosphere, troposphere and surface, but also in the Southern Ocean and Antarctic sea ice. Interactive chemistry causes stronger Antarctic lower stratosphere cooling and circumpolar westerly acceleration during November-December-January. It enhances stratosphere-troposphere coupling and leads to significantly larger tropospheric and surface westerly changes. The significantly stronger surface wind-stress trends cause larger increases of the Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation, leading to year-round stronger ocean warming near the surface and enhanced Antarctic sea ice decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Yury V. Vikhliaev
- Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul A. Newman
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven Pawson
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Judith Perlwitz
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, and Physical Sciences Division, NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Darryn W. Waugh
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne R. Douglass
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
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9
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Petkov B, Vitale V, Tomasi C, Mazzola M, Lanconelli C, Lupi A, Busetto M. Variations in total ozone column and biologically effective solar UV exposure doses in Bologna, Italy during the period 2005-2010. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2014; 58:31-39. [PMID: 23299392 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-012-0621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Variations in total ozone column and sun exposures able to cause erythema and damage the DNA molecules were observed by the narrow-band filter radiometer UV-RAD in Bologna, Italy from 2005 to 2010. The ozone columns determined from the UV-RAD measurements were found to be close to those provided by the satellite Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) showing an average discrepancy of 1% with standard deviation of ± 6%. Analysis of the data highlights a well-marked annual cycle of the ozone column variations while the oscillations with periods of 8, 18 and 34 months present much smaller amplitudes. The influence of the frequency of solar irradiance measurements on the accuracy of the evaluated daily exposure dose has been studied and it was found that time intervals no longer than 5-10 min between the measurements of erythema and DNA damage effective UV irradiances provide a satisfactory assessment of the corresponding daily exposures. The latter do not present significant year-to-year variations for the period under study, while their annual distributions show slight changes likely due to the specific cloud cover and ozone column variability for different years. The annual erythemal exposure dose for 2007-2010 varied between 603.7 and 638.1 kJ m(-2), while the corresponding sun exposure affecting DNA changed from 6.38 to 7.91 kJ m(-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Petkov
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy,
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10
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Extremely cold and persistent stratospheric Arctic vortex in the winter of 2010–2011. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ghysels M, Durry G, Amarouche N. Pressure-broadening and narrowing coefficients and temperature dependence measurements of CO2 at 2.68 μm by laser diode absorption spectroscopy for atmospheric applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 107:55-61. [PMID: 23416909 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
By using a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer in conjunction with a cryogenically cooled multipath cell, we have revisited the air-induced pressure-broadening coefficients and the narrowing coefficients related to the Dicke effect, as well as the temperature dependences, for the R(18) and R(20) lines of the (10°1)I←(00°0) vibrational band at 2.68 μm of carbon dioxide. The selected transitions are used to probe in situ CO2 in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere by using balloon-borne laser sensors. The achieved measurements are thoroughly compared to existing former determinations. The impact of processing the in situ atmospheric CO2 spectra with this new set of molecular data is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghysels
- Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique, UMR CNRS 7331, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims, Cedex 2, France.
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12
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Adachi Y, Yukimoto S, Deushi M, Obata A, Nakano H, Tanaka TY, Hosaka M, Sakami T, Yoshimura H, Hirabara M, Shindo E, Tsujino H, Mizuta R, Yabu S, Koshiro T, Ose T, Kitoh A. Basic performance of a new earth system model of the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI-ESM1). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2467/mripapers.64.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Stolarski RS, Douglass AR, Remsberg EE, Livesey NJ, Gille JC. Ozone temperature correlations in the upper stratosphere as a measure of chlorine content. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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A Novel Satellite Mission Concept for Upper Air Water Vapour, Aerosol and Cloud Observations Using Integrated Path Differential Absorption LiDAR Limb Sounding. REMOTE SENSING 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/rs4040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Brauer M, Amann M, Burnett RT, Cohen A, Dentener F, Ezzati M, Henderson SB, Krzyzanowski M, Martin RV, Van Dingenen R, van Donkelaar A, Thurston GD. Exposure assessment for estimation of the global burden of disease attributable to outdoor air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:652-60. [PMID: 22148428 PMCID: PMC4043337 DOI: 10.1021/es2025752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is associated with numerous adverse health impacts. Previous assessments of global attributable disease burden have been limited to urban areas or by coarse spatial resolution of concentration estimates. Recent developments in remote sensing, global chemical-transport models, and improvements in coverage of surface measurements facilitate virtually complete spatially resolved global air pollutant concentration estimates. We combined these data to generate global estimates of long-term average ambient concentrations of fine particles (PM(2.5)) and ozone at 0.1° × 0.1° spatial resolution for 1990 and 2005. In 2005, 89% of the world's population lived in areas where the World Health Organization Air Quality Guideline of 10 μg/m(3) PM(2.5) (annual average) was exceeded. Globally, 32% of the population lived in areas exceeding the WHO Level 1 Interim Target of 35 μg/m(3), driven by high proportions in East (76%) and South (26%) Asia. The highest seasonal ozone levels were found in North and Latin America, Europe, South and East Asia, and parts of Africa. Between 1990 and 2005 a 6% increase in global population-weighted PM(2.5) and a 1% decrease in global population-weighted ozone concentrations was apparent, highlighted by increased concentrations in East, South, and Southeast Asia and decreases in North America and Europe. Combined with spatially resolved population distributions, these estimates expand the evaluation of the global health burden associated with outdoor air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z3, Canada.
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Strahan SE, Douglass AR, Stolarski RS, Akiyoshi H, Bekki S, Braesicke P, Butchart N, Chipperfield MP, Cugnet D, Dhomse S, Frith SM, Gettelman A, Hardiman SC, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Mancini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Nakamura T, Olivié D, Pawson S, Pitari G, Plummer DA, Pyle JA, Scinocca JF, Shepherd TG, Shibata K, Smale D, Teyssèdre H, Tian W, Yamashita Y. Using transport diagnostics to understand chemistry climate model ozone simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Watanabe S, Sudo K, Nagashima T, Takemura T, Kawase H, Nozawa T. Future projections of surface UV-B in a changing climate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Wang L, Kushner PJ. Diagnosing the stratosphere-troposphere stationary wave response to climate change in a general circulation model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Downs N, Parisi A, Schouten P. Basal and squamous cell carcinoma risks for golfers: an assessment of the influence of tee time for latitudes in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 105:98-105. [PMID: 21862342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of tee time to determine the relative basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) risk for weekly single round competition golfers located in the Northern and Southern latitude ranges between 25°, 35°, 45° and 55°. A comparative risk methodology, employing annual erythemally effective ultraviolet (UVE) exposure calculations was used to determine BCC and SCC risk factors for golfers using a regular weekly tee time. Relative risk was found to be proportional to golf tee time with mid morning tee times generally presenting the greatest risk in each latitude range. The greatest contribution toward the risk of developing basal and squamous cell carcinoma was found to occur for golfers beginning weekly rounds mid to late morning, with specific risk factors of 1.47 (BCC) and 1.98 (SCC) in the Northern hemisphere compared with similar maximum risk factors of 1.51 (BCC) and 2.08 (SCC) in the Southern hemisphere occurring at comparable morning tee times. Differences in annual UVE exposure between the golfer and non-golfer were the largest determinant of BCC and SCC risk. Generally, these risks were found to decrease with lower latitude although contribution toward overall risk was influenced strongly by the global time zone of each studied golf course site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Downs
- Centre for Rural and Remote Area Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
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Deushi M, Shibata K. Impacts of increases in greenhouse gases and ozone recovery on lower stratospheric circulation and the age of air: Chemistry-climate model simulations up to 2100. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Vogel B, Feck T, Grooß JU. Impact of stratospheric water vapor enhancements caused by CH4and H2O increase on polar ozone loss. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Deushi M, Shibata K. Development of a Meteorological Research Institute Chemistry-Climate Model version 2 for the Study of Tropospheric and Stratospheric Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2467/mripapers.62.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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23
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Newman PA, McKenzie R. UV impacts avoided by the Montreal Protocol. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1152-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00387e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Oman LD, Plummer DA, Waugh DW, Austin J, Scinocca JF, Douglass AR, Salawitch RJ, Canty T, Akiyoshi H, Bekki S, Braesicke P, Butchart N, Chipperfield MP, Cugnet D, Dhomse S, Eyring V, Frith S, Hardiman SC, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Mancini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Nakamura T, Nielsen JE, Olivié D, Pitari G, Pyle J, Rozanov E, Shepherd TG, Shibata K, Stolarski RS, Teyssèdre H, Tian W, Yamashita Y, Ziemke JR. Multimodel assessment of the factors driving stratospheric ozone evolution over the 21st century. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. D. Oman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - D. A. Plummer
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis; Victoria, British Columbia Canada
| | - D. W. Waugh
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - J. Austin
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - J. F. Scinocca
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis; Victoria, British Columbia Canada
| | - A. R. Douglass
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - R. J. Salawitch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland USA
| | - T. Canty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland USA
| | - H. Akiyoshi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | | | - P. Braesicke
- NCAS-Climate-Chemistry, Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | | | | | | | - S. Dhomse
- School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - V. Eyring
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Oberpfaffenhofen Germany
| | - S. Frith
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.; Lanham Maryland USA
| | | | | | | | - E. Mancini
- Dipartimento di Fisica; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | | | - M. Michou
- GAME/CNRM, Météo-France, CNRS; Toulouse France
| | - O. Morgenstern
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Lauder New Zealand
| | - T. Nakamura
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - J. E. Nielsen
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.; Lanham Maryland USA
| | - D. Olivié
- GAME/CNRM, Météo-France, CNRS; Toulouse France
| | - G. Pitari
- Dipartimento di Fisica; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - J. Pyle
- NCAS-Climate-Chemistry, Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - E. Rozanov
- Physical-Meteorological Observatory Davos, World Radiation Center; Davos Switzerland
- IAC, ETHZ; Zurich Switzerland
| | - T. G. Shepherd
- Department of Physics; University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - K. Shibata
- Meteorological Research Institute; Japan Meteorological Agency; Tsukuba Japan
| | - R. S. Stolarski
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | | | - W. Tian
- School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - Y. Yamashita
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - J. R. Ziemke
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Catonsville Maryland USA
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25
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Kikuchi KI, Nishibori T, Ochiai S, Ozeki H, Irimajiri Y, Kasai Y, Koike M, Manabe T, Mizukoshi K, Murayama Y, Nagahama T, Sano T, Sato R, Seta M, Takahashi C, Takayanagi M, Masuko H, Inatani J, Suzuki M, Shiotani M. Overview and early results of the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Scinocca JF, Stephenson DB, Bailey TC, Austin J. Estimates of past and future ozone trends from multimodel simulations using a flexible smoothing spline methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Karpechko AY, Gillett NP, Gray LJ, Dall'Amico M. Influence of ozone recovery and greenhouse gas increases on Southern Hemisphere circulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Austin J, Struthers H, Scinocca J, Plummer DA, Akiyoshi H, Baumgaertner AJG, Bekki S, Bodeker GE, Braesicke P, Brühl C, Butchart N, Chipperfield MP, Cugnet D, Dameris M, Dhomse S, Frith S, Garny H, Gettelman A, Hardiman SC, Jöckel P, Kinnison D, Kubin A, Lamarque JF, Langematz U, Mancini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Nakamura T, Nielsen JE, Pitari G, Pyle J, Rozanov E, Shepherd TG, Shibata K, Smale D, Teyssèdre H, Yamashita Y. Chemistry-climate model simulations of spring Antarctic ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Austin J, Scinocca J, Plummer D, Oman L, Waugh D, Akiyoshi H, Bekki S, Braesicke P, Butchart N, Chipperfield M, Cugnet D, Dameris M, Dhomse S, Eyring V, Frith S, Garcia RR, Garny H, Gettelman A, Hardiman SC, Kinnison D, Lamarque JF, Mancini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Nakamura T, Pawson S, Pitari G, Pyle J, Rozanov E, Shepherd TG, Shibata K, Teyssèdre H, Wilson RJ, Yamashita Y. Decline and recovery of total column ozone using a multimodel time series analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Hegglin MI, Gettelman A, Hoor P, Krichevsky R, Manney GL, Pan LL, Son SW, Stiller G, Tilmes S, Walker KA, Eyring V, Shepherd TG, Waugh D, Akiyoshi H, Añel JA, Austin J, Baumgaertner A, Bekki S, Braesicke P, Brühl C, Butchart N, Chipperfield M, Dameris M, Dhomse S, Frith S, Garny H, Hardiman SC, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Mancini E, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Nakamura T, Olivié D, Pawson S, Pitari G, Plummer DA, Pyle JA, Rozanov E, Scinocca JF, Shibata K, Smale D, Teyssèdre H, Tian W, Yamashita Y. Multimodel assessment of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: Extratropics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Gettelman A, Hegglin MI, Son SW, Kim J, Fujiwara M, Birner T, Kremser S, Rex M, Añel JA, Akiyoshi H, Austin J, Bekki S, Braesike P, Brühl C, Butchart N, Chipperfield M, Dameris M, Dhomse S, Garny H, Hardiman SC, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Mancini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Pawson S, Pitari G, Plummer D, Pyle JA, Rozanov E, Scinocca J, Shepherd TG, Shibata K, Smale D, Teyssèdre H, Tian W. Multimodel assessment of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: Tropics and global trends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Dameris M. Klimawandel und die Chemie der Atmosphäre - wie wird sich die stratosphärische Ozonschicht entwickeln? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Dameris M. Climate Change and Atmospheric Chemistry: How Will the Stratospheric Ozone Layer Develop? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:8092-102. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Akiyoshi H, Yamashita Y, Sakamoto K, Zhou LB, Imamura T. Recovery of stratospheric ozone in calculations by the Center for Climate System Research/National Institute for Environmental Studies chemistry-climate model under the CCMVal-REF2 scenario and a no-climate-change run. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Morgenstern O, Giorgetta MA, Shibata K, Eyring V, Waugh DW, Shepherd TG, Akiyoshi H, Austin J, Baumgaertner AJG, Bekki S, Braesicke P, Brühl C, Chipperfield MP, Cugnet D, Dameris M, Dhomse S, Frith SM, Garny H, Gettelman A, Hardiman SC, Hegglin MI, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Mancini E, Manzini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Nakamura T, Nielsen JE, Olivié D, Pitari G, Plummer DA, Rozanov E, Scinocca JF, Smale D, Teyssèdre H, Toohey M, Tian W, Yamashita Y. Review of the formulation of present-generation stratospheric chemistry-climate models and associated external forcings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Zhang YL, Guo H, Wang XM, Simpson IJ, Barletta B, Blake DR, Meinardi S, Rowland FS, Cheng HR, Saunders SM, Lam SHM. Emission patterns and spatiotemporal variations of halocarbons in the Pearl River Delta region, southern China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Tilmes S, Pan LL, Hoor P, Atlas E, Avery MA, Campos T, Christensen LE, Diskin GS, Gao RS, Herman RL, Hintsa EJ, Loewenstein M, Lopez J, Paige ME, Pittman JV, Podolske JR, Proffitt MR, Sachse GW, Schiller C, Schlager H, Smith J, Spelten N, Webster C, Weinheimer A, Zondlo MA. An aircraft-based upper troposphere lower stratosphere O3, CO, and H2O climatology for the Northern Hemisphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Oman LD, Waugh DW, Kawa SR, Stolarski RS, Douglass AR, Newman PA. Mechanisms and feedback causing changes in upper stratospheric ozone in the 21st century. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Waugh DW, Polvani LM. Stratospheric polar vortices. THE STRATOSPHERE: DYNAMICS, TRANSPORT, AND CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009gm000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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40
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Kazantzidis A, Tourpali K, Bais AF. Variability of Cloud-free Ultraviolet Dose Rates on Global Scale Due to Modeled Scenarios of Future Ozone Recovery. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:117-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Oman L, Waugh DW, Pawson S, Stolarski RS, Newman PA. On the influence of anthropogenic forcings on changes in the stratospheric mean age. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Akiyoshi H, Zhou LB, Yamashita Y, Sakamoto K, Yoshiki M, Nagashima T, Takahashi M, Kurokawa J, Takigawa M, Imamura T. A CCM simulation of the breakup of the Antarctic polar vortex in the years 1980–2004 under the CCMVal scenarios. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Funatsu BM, Claud C, Keckhut P, Hauchecorne A. Cross-validation of Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit and lidar for long-term upper-stratospheric temperature monitoring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Xie F, Tian W, Chipperfield MP. Radiative effect of ozone change on stratosphere-troposphere exchange. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd009829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Deckert
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany.
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46
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Semeniuk K, McConnell JC, Jin JJ, Jarosz JR, Boone CD, Bernath PF. N2O production by high energy auroral electron precipitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Son SW, Polvani LM, Waugh DW, Akiyoshi H, Garcia R, Kinnison D, Pawson S, Rozanov E, Shepherd TG, Shibata K. The impact of stratospheric ozone recovery on the Southern Hemisphere westerly jet. Science 2008; 320:1486-9. [PMID: 18556557 DOI: 10.1126/science.1155939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In the past several decades, the tropospheric westerly winds in the Southern Hemisphere have been observed to accelerate on the poleward side of the surface wind maximum. This has been attributed to the combined anthropogenic effects of increasing greenhouse gases and decreasing stratospheric ozone and is predicted to continue by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change/Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC/AR4) models. In this paper, the predictions of the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) models are examined: Unlike the AR4 models, the CCMVal models have a fully interactive stratospheric chemistry. Owing to the expected disappearance of the ozone hole in the first half of the 21st century, the CCMVal models predict that the tropospheric westerlies in Southern Hemisphere summer will be decelerated, on the poleward side, in contrast with the prediction of most IPCC/AR4 models.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Son
- Department of Applied Physics & Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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48
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Santee ML, MacKenzie IA, Manney GL, Chipperfield MP, Bernath PF, Walker KA, Boone CD, Froidevaux L, Livesey NJ, Waters JW. A study of stratospheric chlorine partitioning based on new satellite measurements and modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: Progress report, 2007. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:15-27. [DOI: 10.1039/b717166h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Hegglin MI, Shepherd TG. O3-N2O correlations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment: Revisiting a diagnostic of transport and chemistry in the stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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