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Chang C, Han C, Han Y, Hur SD, Lee S, Motoyama H, Hou S, Hong S. Persistent Pb Pollution in Central East Antarctic Snow: A Retrospective Assessment of Sources and Control Policy Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:12138-12145. [PMID: 27737543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined variations in the enrichments and isotopic compositions of Pb have been observed in snow from Dome Fuji and Dome A in the central East Antarctic Plateau (EAP) over the past few decades. The Pb isotopic fingerprints indicate that the rapid increase in Pb enrichments from the mid-1970s, reaching a peak in ∼1980, is due to the massive use of leaded gasoline in northern South America, especially Brazil. Since then, they show a continuous decline, mostly due to the significant removal of the Pb additives from gasoline in Brazil in the 1980s and, subsequently, in Argentina and Chile in the 1990s. After the phase-out of Pb in gasoline, Cu smelting in Chile has become the major source of Pb, contributing ∼90% to the total Pb emissions in northern South America in 2005. Nevertheless, Pb pollution in the central EAP declined substantially until recently as a result of the regulatory efforts to curb toxic trace metal emissions from the Cu industry in Chile. However, more than 90% of the Pb in the most remote places on Earth are still of anthropogenic origin, highlighting the need for the continuation of environmental regulations for the further reduction of Pb emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaewon Chang
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University , 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Korea Polar Research Institute , 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Changhee Han
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University , 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Korea Polar Research Institute , 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Yeongcheol Han
- Korea Polar Research Institute , 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Soon Do Hur
- Korea Polar Research Institute , 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Sanghee Lee
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University , 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Hideaki Motoyama
- National Institute of Polar Research , 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Shugui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Coast and Island development of Ministry of Education, School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University , 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Sungmin Hong
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University , 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea
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Li C, Xiao C, Shi G, Ding M, Qin D, Ren J. Spatial and temporal variability of marine-origin matter along a transect from Zhongshan Station to Dome A, Eastern Antarctica. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 46:190-202. [PMID: 27521951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal distribution pattern of marine-origin matter on the Antarctica ice sheet was used to study variations in the source regions, transport mechanisms and post-depositional influences. We present data on sea salt ions, sulfur components and stable isotopes from surface and snow pit samples collected along the transect route from Zhongshan Station to Dome A during the austral summer in 2012-2013. A general decreasing trend in the accumulation, sea salt ions and sulfur components occurred with increasing distance from the coast and increasing elevation. However, different sources of the marine components, transport pathways and post-depositional influences were responsible for their different spatial distribution patterns. The marine ions in the coastal snow pit varied seasonally, with higher sea salt ion concentrations in the winter and lower concentrations in the summer; the opposite pattern was found for the sulfur compounds. The sea ice area surrounding Antarctica was the main source region for the deposited sea salt and the open sea water for the sulfur compounds. No significant trends in the marine-origin components were detected during the past 3 decades. Several periods of elevated deposition of sea salt ions were associated with lower temperatures (based on δD and δ(18)O) or intensified wind fields. In comparison to the sea salt ions, the sulfur concentrations exhibited the opposite distribution patterns and were associated with changes in the surrounding sea ice extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of the Cryospheric Sciences, The Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cunde Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of the Cryospheric Sciences, The Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Climate System Institute, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Guitao Shi
- Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Minghu Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of the Cryospheric Sciences, The Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Climate System Institute, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dahe Qin
- The State Key Laboratory of the Cryospheric Sciences, The Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiawen Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of the Cryospheric Sciences, The Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Anschütz H, Sinisalo A, Isaksson E, McConnell JR, Hamran SE, Bisiaux MM, Pasteris D, Neumann TA, Winther JG. Variation of accumulation rates over the last eight centuries on the East Antarctic Plateau derived from volcanic signals in ice cores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ferris DG, Cole-Dai J, Reyes AR, Budner DM. South Pole ice core record of explosive volcanic eruptions in the first and second millennia A.D. and evidence of a large eruption in the tropics around 535 A.D. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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