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Leah H, Fagereng Å, Groome N, Buchs D, Eijsink A, Niemeijer A. Heterogeneous Subgreenschist Deformation in an Exhumed Sediment-Poor Mélange. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SOLID EARTH 2022; 127:e2022JB024353. [PMID: 36250158 PMCID: PMC9540080 DOI: 10.1029/2022jb024353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Many described subduction complexes (or mélanges) exhumed from seismogenic depths comprise thick, turbidite-dominated sequences with deformed zones containing clasts or boudins of more competent sandstone and/or basalt. In contrast, many active subduction zones have a relatively small thickness of sedimentary inputs (<2 km), turbidite sequences are commonly accreted rather than subducted, and the role of pelagic sediments and basalt (lavas and hyaloclastites) in the deforming zone near the plate interface at <20 km depth is poorly understood. Field investigation of Neoproterozoic oceanic sequences accreted in the Gwna Complex, Anglesey, UK, reveals repeated lenticular slices of variably sampled ocean plate stratigraphy (OPS) bounded by thin mélange-bearing shear zones. Mélange matrix material is derived from adjacent OPS lithologies and is either dominantly illitic, likely derived from altered siliciclastic sediment, or chloritic, likely derived from altered volcanics. In the illitic mélange, mutually cross-cutting phyllosilicate foliation and variably deformed chlorite-quartz-calcite veins suggest ductile creep was cyclically punctuated by transient, localized fluid pulses. Chlorite thermometry indicates the veins formed at 260 ± 10°C. In the chloritic mélange, recrystallized through-going calcite veins are deformed to shear strains of 4-5 within a foliated chlorite matrix, suggesting calcite veins in subducting volcanics may localize deformation in the seismogenic zone. Shear stress-strain rate curves constructed using existing empirical relationships in a simplified shear zone geometry predict that slip velocities varied depending on pore fluid pressure; models predict slow slip velocities preferentially by frictional sliding in chlorite, at pore fluid pressures greater than hydrostatic but less than lithostatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Leah
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Å. Fagereng
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - N. Groome
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - D. Buchs
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - A. Eijsink
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental SciencesUniversity of BremenBremenGermany
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering and EMS Energy InstituteThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - A. Niemeijer
- Department of Earth SciencesUtrecht UniversityHPT LaboratoryUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Stefanou I, Tzortzopoulos G. Preventing Instabilities and Inducing Controlled, Slow-Slip in Frictionally Unstable Systems. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SOLID EARTH 2022; 127:e2021JB023410. [PMID: 35875412 PMCID: PMC9290888 DOI: 10.1029/2021jb023410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We propose a theory for preventing instabilities and inducing controlled, slow-slip in frictionally unstable systems, such as the Generalized-Burridge-Knopoff (GBK) model and seismic fault models. We exploit the dependence of friction on pressure and use it as a backdoor for altering the dynamics of the underlying dynamical system. We use the mathematical Theory of Control and, for the first time, we manage to (a) stabilize and restrict chaos in this kind of systems, (b) guarantee slow frictional dissipation and (c) tune the system toward desirable global asymptotic equilibria of lower energy. Our control approach is robust and does not require exact knowledge of the frictional or elastic behavior of the system. Numerical examples of control are given for a Burridge-Knopoff system and a strike-slip fault model obeying rate-and-state friction. GBK models are known to present Self-Organized Critical (SOC) behavior. Therefore, the presented methodology shows an additional example of SOC Control. Even though further developments are necessary before any practical application, we expect our methodology to inspire earthquake mitigation strategies regarding anthropogenic and/or natural seismicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Stefanou
- Ecole Centrale de NantesUniversité de NantesCNRS GeM (Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique)NantesFrance
| | - Georgios Tzortzopoulos
- Ecole Centrale de NantesUniversité de NantesCNRS GeM (Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique)NantesFrance
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Parez S, Travnickova T, Svoboda M, Aharonov E. Strain localization in planar shear of granular media: the role of porosity and boundary conditions. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:134. [PMID: 34731339 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shear strain localization into shear bands is associated with velocity weakening instabilities and earthquakes. Here, we simulate steady-state plane-shear flow of numerical granular material (gouge), confined between parallel surfaces. Both constant shear stress and constant strain-rate boundary conditions are tested, and the two types of boundary conditions are found to yield distinct velocity profiles and friction laws. The inertial number, I, exerts the largest control on the layers' behavior, but additional dependencies of friction on normal stress and thickness of the layer are observed under constant stress boundary condition. We find that shear-band localization, which is present in the quasistatic regime ([Formula: see text]) in rate-controlled shear, is absent under stress-controlled loading. In the latter case, flow ceases when macroscopic friction coefficient approaches the quasistatic friction value. The inertial regime that occurs at higher inertial numbers ([Formula: see text]) is associated with distributed shear, and friction and porosity that increase with shear rate (rate-strengthening regime). The finding that shear under constant stress boundary condition produces the inertial, distributed shear but never quasistatic, localized deformation is rationalized based on low fluctuations of shear forces in granular contacts for stress-controlled loading. By examining porosity within and outside a shear band, we also provide a mechanical reason why the transition between quasistatic and inertial shear coincides with the transition between localized and distributed strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Parez
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Travnickova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Svoboda
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Einat Aharonov
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Fu B, Diao Y, Espinosa-Marzal RM. Nanoscale insight into the relation between pressure solution of calcite and interfacial friction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 601:254-264. [PMID: 34082230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pressure solution of carbonate-based rocks participates in many geophysical and geochemical processes, but fundamental knowledge of the interfacial processes is still lacking. By concurrently pressing and sliding two single calcite crystals past each other, the pressure solution rate and the friction force between the crystals were concurrently measured in calcium-carbonate saturated water with an extended surface forces apparatus. These studies reveal that both a decrease and an increase in frictional strength can originate from the pressure-solution of calcite single crystals. By conducting nanoscale force measurements with an atomic force microscope, ion specific effects were unveiled at the level of a single asperity. Pressure solution is promoted when the interfacial water layers of calcite remain undisturbed under stress (e.g. with Ca(II)) and the dissolved ions and water lubricate the interface - a phenomenon called pressure-solution facilitated slip. The mechanically induced disruption of the hydration layers of the calcite surface (e.g. with Mg(II) and low Ni(II) concentration) correlates with the more fluid-like and lubricious behavior of the confined fluid in the absence of pressure solution. Charge neutralization of the calcite surface leads to an abrupt change of calcite's hydration layers, which promotes pressure-solution facilitated slip. This work advances the fundamental understanding of physicochemical interactions occurring at confined surfaces of stressed calcite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binxin Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Yijue Diao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Rosa M Espinosa-Marzal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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Chen J, Verberne BA, Niemeijer AR. Flow-to-Friction Transition in Simulated Calcite Gouge: Experiments and Microphysical Modeling. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SOLID EARTH 2020; 125:e2020JB019970. [PMID: 33381362 PMCID: PMC7757227 DOI: 10.1029/2020jb019970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A (micro)physical understanding of the transition from frictional sliding to plastic or viscous flow has long been a challenge for earthquake cycle modeling. We have conducted ring-shear deformation experiments on layers of simulated calcite fault gouge under conditions close to the frictional-to-viscous transition previously established in this material. Constant velocity (v) and v-stepping tests were performed, at 550°C, employing slip rates covering almost 6 orders of magnitude (0.001-300 μm/s). Steady-state sliding transitioned from (strong) v-strengthening, flow-like behavior to v-weakening, frictional behavior, at an apparent "critical" velocity (v cr ) of ~0.1 μm/s. Velocity-stepping tests using v < v cr showed "semi-brittle" flow behavior, characterized by high stress sensitivity ("n-value") and a transient response resembling classical frictional deformation. For v ≥ v cr , gouge deformation is localized in a boundary shear band, while for v < v cr , the gouge is well-compacted, displaying a progressively homogeneous structure as the slip rate decreases. Using mechanical data and post-mortem microstructural observations as a basis, we deduced the controlling shear deformation mechanisms and quantitatively reproduced the steady-state shear strength-velocity profile using an existing micromechanical model. The same model also reproduces the observed transient responses to v-steps within both the flow-like and frictional deformation regimes. We suggest that the flow-to-friction transition strongly relies on fault (micro)structure and constitutes a net opening of transient microporosity with increasing shear strain rate at v < v cr , under normal stress-dependent or "semi-brittle" flow conditions. Our findings shed new insights into the microphysics of earthquake rupture nucleation and dynamic propagation in the brittle-to-ductile transition zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Earthquake DynamicsInstitute of Geology, China Earthquake AdministrationBeijingChina
- HPT Laboratory, Department of Earth SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and GeosciencesTechnical University of DelftDelftThe Netherlands
| | - B. A. Verberne
- Geological Survey of JapanNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukubaJapan
| | - A. R. Niemeijer
- HPT Laboratory, Department of Earth SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Wang L, Barbot S. Excitation of San Andreas tremors by thermal instabilities below the seismogenic zone. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/36/eabb2057. [PMID: 32917611 PMCID: PMC7473672 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The relative motion of tectonic plates is accommodated at boundary faults through slow and fast ruptures that encompass a wide range of source properties. Near the Parkfield segment of the San Andreas fault, low-frequency earthquakes and slow-slip events take place deeper than most seismicity, at temperature conditions typically associated with stable sliding. However, laboratory experiments indicate that the strength of granitic gouge decreases with increasing temperature above 350°C, providing a possible mechanism for weakening if temperature is to vary dynamically. Here, we argue that recurring low-frequency earthquakes and slow-slip transients at these depths may arise because of shear heating and the temperature dependence of frictional resistance. Recurring thermal instabilities can explain the recurrence pattern of the mid-crustal low-frequency earthquakes and their correlative slip distribution. Shear heating associated with slow slip is sufficient to generate pseudotachylyte veins in host rocks even when fault slip is dominantly aseismic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Sylvain Barbot
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.
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7
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Nanocrystalline Principal Slip Zones and Their Role in Controlling Crustal Fault Rheology. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9060328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Principal slip zones (PSZs) are narrow (<10 cm) bands of localized shear deformation that occur in the cores of upper-crustal fault zones where they accommodate the bulk of fault displacement. Natural and experimentally-formed PSZs consistently show the presence of nanocrystallites in the <100 nm size range. Despite the presumed importance of such nanocrystalline (NC) fault rock in controlling fault mechanical behavior, their prevalence and potential role in controlling natural earthquake cycles remains insufficiently investigated. In this contribution, we summarize the physical properties of NC materials that may have a profound effect on fault rheology, and we review the structural characteristics of NC PSZs observed in natural faults and in experiments. Numerous literature reports show that such zones form in a wide range of faulted rock types, under a wide range of conditions pertaining to seismic and a-seismic upper-crustal fault slip, and frequently show an internal crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) and partial amorphization, as well as forming glossy or “mirror-like” slip surfaces. Given the widespread occurrence of NC PSZs in upper-crustal faults, we suggest that they are of general significance. Specifically, the generally high rates of (diffusion) creep in NC fault rock may play a key role in controlling the depth limits to the seismogenic zone.
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Diao Y, Espinosa-Marzal RM. The role of water in fault lubrication. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2309. [PMID: 29899500 PMCID: PMC5998041 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The friction between two adjacent tectonic plates under shear loading may dictate seismic activities. To advance the understanding of mechanisms underlying fault strength, we investigate the frictional characteristics of calcite in an aqueous environment. By conducting single-asperity friction experiments using an atomic force microscope, here we show three pathways of energy dissipation with increasing contact stresses: viscous shear of a lubricious solution film at low normal stresses; shear-promoted thermally activated slip, similar to dry friction but influenced by the hydrated ions localized at the interface; and pressure-solution facilitated slip at sufficiently high stresses and slow sliding velocities, which leads to a prominent decrease in friction. It is also shown that the composition of the aqueous solution affects the frictional response. We use this nanoscale evidence to scrutinize the role of brines on fault behavior and argue that pressure solution provides a weakening mechanism of the fault strength at the level of single-asperity contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijue Diao
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rosa M Espinosa-Marzal
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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McCarthy C, Savage H, Nettles M. Temperature dependence of ice-on-rock friction at realistic glacier conditions. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:20150348. [PMID: 28025297 PMCID: PMC5179958 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using a new biaxial friction apparatus, we conducted experiments of ice-on-rock friction in order to better understand basal sliding of glaciers and ice streams. A series of velocity-stepping and slide-hold-slide tests were conducted to measure friction and healing at temperatures between -20°C and melting. Experimental conditions in this study are comparable to subglacial temperatures, sliding rates and effective pressures of Antarctic ice streams and other glaciers, with load-point velocities ranging from 0.5 to 100 µm s-1 and normal stress σn = 100 kPa. In this range of conditions, temperature dependences of both steady-state friction and frictional healing are considerable. The friction increases linearly with decreasing temperature (temperature weakening) from μ = 0.52 at -20°C to μ = 0.02 at melting. Frictional healing increases and velocity dependence shifts from velocity-strengthening to velocity-weakening behaviour with decreasing temperature. Our results indicate that the strength and stability of glaciers and ice streams may change considerably over the range of temperatures typically found at the ice-bed interface.This article is part of the themed issue 'Microdynamics of ice'.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McCarthy
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Savage
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Nettles
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Niemeijer AR, Boulton C, Toy VG, Townend J, Sutherland R. Large-displacement, hydrothermal frictional properties of DFDP-1 fault rocks, Alpine Fault, New Zealand: Implications for deep rupture propagation. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SOLID EARTH 2016; 121:624-647. [PMID: 27610290 PMCID: PMC4994769 DOI: 10.1002/2015jb012593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Alpine Fault, New Zealand, is a major plate-bounding fault that accommodates 65-75% of the total relative motion between the Australian and Pacific plates. Here we present data on the hydrothermal frictional properties of Alpine Fault rocks that surround the principal slip zones (PSZ) of the Alpine Fault and those comprising the PSZ itself. The samples were retrieved from relatively shallow depths during phase 1 of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP-1) at Gaunt Creek. Simulated fault gouges were sheared at temperatures of 25, 150, 300, 450, and 600°C in order to determine the friction coefficient as well as the velocity dependence of friction. Friction remains more or less constant with changes in temperature, but a transition from velocity-strengthening behavior to velocity-weakening behavior occurs at a temperature of T = 150°C. The transition depends on the absolute value of sliding velocity as well as temperature, with the velocity-weakening region restricted to higher velocity for higher temperatures. Friction was substantially lower for low-velocity shearing (V < 0.3 µm/s) at 600°C, but no transition to normal stress independence was observed. In the framework of rate-and-state friction, earthquake nucleation is most likely at an intermediate temperature of T = 300°C. The velocity-strengthening nature of the Alpine Fault rocks at higher temperatures may pose a barrier for rupture propagation to deeper levels, limiting the possible depth extent of large earthquakes. Our results highlight the importance of strain rate in controlling frictional behavior under conditions spanning the classical brittle-plastic transition for quartzofeldspathic compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Niemeijer
- Faculty of Geosciences, HPT LaboratoryUtrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - C. Boulton
- Geology and Geophysics, School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - V. G. Toy
- Department of GeologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - J. Townend
- School of Geography, Environment and Earth SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
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Hickman S, Sibson R, Bruhn R. Introduction to Special Section: Mechanical Involvement of Fluids in Faulting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Kohlstedt DL, Evans B, Mackwell SJ. Strength of the lithosphere: Constraints imposed by laboratory experiments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1202] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Blanpied ML, Lockner DA, Byerlee JD. Frictional slip of granite at hydrothermal conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stuart WD, Tullis TE. Fault model for preseismic deformation at Parkfield, California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb02517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Noda H, Kanagawa K, Hirose T, Inoue A. Frictional experiments of dolerite at intermediate slip rates with controlled temperature: Rate weakening or temperature weakening? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jb007945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Noda H, Lapusta N. Three-dimensional earthquake sequence simulations with evolving temperature and pore pressure due to shear heating: Effect of heterogeneous hydraulic diffusivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jb007780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Niemeijer A, Marone C, Elsworth D. Frictional strength and strain weakening in simulated fault gouge: Competition between geometrical weakening and chemical strengthening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jb000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Noda H. Frictional constitutive law at intermediate slip rates accounting for flash heating and thermally activated slip process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jb005406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Niemeijer AR, Spiers CJ. A microphysical model for strong velocity weakening in phyllosilicate-bearing fault gouges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jb005008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Liu Y, Rice JR. Spontaneous and triggered aseismic deformation transients in a subduction fault model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jb004930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Boettcher MS, Hirth G, Evans B. Olivine friction at the base of oceanic seismogenic zones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jb004301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Ouillon G, Sornette D. Magnitude-dependent Omori law: Theory and empirical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jb003311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Ouillon
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée; CNRS UMR 6622 and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis; Nice France
| | - D. Sornette
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée; CNRS UMR 6622 and Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis; Nice France
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24
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25
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Yasuhara H. Fault zone restrengthening and frictional healing: The role of pressure solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jb003327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Nakatani M, Scholz CH. Frictional healing of quartz gouge under hydrothermal conditions: 1. Experimental evidence for solution transfer healing mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb001522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Nakatani
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University; Palisades New York USA
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Frye
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Chris Marone
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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28
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Nakatani M. Conceptual and physical clarification of rate and state friction: Frictional sliding as a thermally activated rheology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sleep NH, Richardson E, Marone C. Physics of friction and strain rate localization in synthetic fault gouge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lapusta N, Rice JR, Ben-Zion Y, Zheng G. Elastodynamic analysis for slow tectonic loading with spontaneous rupture episodes on faults with rate- and state-dependent friction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mair K, Marone C. Friction of simulated fault gouge for a wide range of velocities and normal stresses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry E. Tullis
- The author is in the Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912-1846, USA
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Bodin P, Brown S, Matheson D. Laboratory observations of fault-normal vibrations during stick slip. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jb02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Blanpied ML, Marone CJ, Lockner DA, Byerlee JD, King DP. Quantitative measure of the variation in fault rheology due to fluid-rock interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jb00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Olsen MP, Scholz CH, Léger A. Healing and sealing of a simulated fault gouge under hydrothermal conditions: Implications for fault healing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jb03402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sleep NH. Application of a unified rate and state friction theory to the mechanics of fault zones with strain localization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jb03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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