1
|
Miller UK, Zappa CJ, Gordon AL, Yoon ST, Stevens C, Lee WS. High Salinity Shelf Water production rates in Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea from high-resolution salinity observations. Nat Commun 2024; 15:373. [PMID: 38228621 PMCID: PMC10791653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW) formed in the Ross Sea of Antarctica is a precursor to Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), a water mass that constitutes the bottom limb of the global overturning circulation. HSSW production rates are poorly constrained, as in-situ observations are scarce. Here, we present high-vertical-and-temporal-resolution salinity time series collected in austral winter 2017 from a mooring in Terra Nova Bay (TNB), one of two major sites of HSSW production in the Ross Sea. We calculate an annual-average HSSW production rate of ~0.4 Sv (106 m3 s-1), which we use to ground truth additional estimates across 2012-2021 made from parametrized net surface heat fluxes. We find sub-seasonal and interannual variability on the order of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], with a strong dependence on variability in open-water area that suggests a sensitivity of TNB HSSW production rates to changes in the local wind regime and offshore sea ice pack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Una Kim Miller
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA.
| | - Christopher J Zappa
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Arnold L Gordon
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | | | - Craig Stevens
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Won Sang Lee
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A New Algorithm for Daily Sea Ice Lead Identification in the Arctic and Antarctic Winter from Thermal-Infrared Satellite Imagery. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of sea ice leads in the sea ice cover represents a key feature in polar regions by controlling the heat exchange between the relatively warm ocean and cold atmosphere due to increased fluxes of turbulent sensible and latent heat. Sea ice leads contribute to the sea ice production and are sources for the formation of dense water which affects the ocean circulation. Atmospheric and ocean models strongly rely on observational data to describe the respective state of the sea ice since numerical models are not able to produce sea ice leads explicitly. For the Arctic, some lead datasets are available, but for the Antarctic, no such data yet exist. Our study presents a new algorithm with which leads are automatically identified in satellite thermal infrared images. A variety of lead metrics is used to distinguish between true leads and detection artefacts with the use of fuzzy logic. We evaluate the outputs and provide pixel-wise uncertainties. Our data yield daily sea ice lead maps at a resolution of 1 km2 for the winter months November– April 2002/03–2018/19 (Arctic) and April–September 2003–2019 (Antarctic), respectively. The long-term average of the lead frequency distributions show distinct features related to bathymetric structures in both hemispheres.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ice Production in Ross Ice Shelf Polynyas during 2017–2018 from Sentinel–1 SAR Images. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12091484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High sea ice production (SIP) generates high-salinity water, thus, influencing the global thermohaline circulation. Estimation from passive microwave data and heat flux models have indicated that the Ross Ice Shelf polynya (RISP) may be the highest SIP region in the Southern Oceans. However, the coarse spatial resolution of passive microwave data limited the accuracy of these estimates. The Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar dataset with high spatial and temporal resolution provides an unprecedented opportunity to more accurately distinguish both polynya area/extent and occurrence. In this study, the SIPs of RISP and McMurdo Sound polynya (MSP) from 1 March–30 November 2017 and 2018 are calculated based on Sentinel-1 SAR data (for area/extent) and AMSR2 data (for ice thickness). The results show that the wind-driven polynyas in these two years occurred from the middle of March to the middle of November, and the occurrence frequency in 2017 was 90, less than 114 in 2018. However, the annual mean cumulative SIP area and volume in 2017 were similar to (or slightly larger than) those in 2018. The average annual cumulative polynya area and ice volume of these two years were 1,040,213 km2 and 184 km3 for the RSIP, and 90,505 km2 and 16 km3 for the MSP, respectively. This annual cumulative SIP (volume) is only 1/3–2/3 of those obtained using the previous methods, implying that ice production in the Ross Sea might have been significantly overestimated in the past and deserves further investigations.
Collapse
|
4
|
Piñones A, Hofmann EE, Dinniman MS, Davis LB. Modeling the transport and fate of euphausiids in the Ross Sea. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
5
|
Younger JL, Clucas GV, Kooyman G, Wienecke B, Rogers AD, Trathan PN, Hart T, Miller KJ. Too much of a good thing: sea ice extent may have forced emperor penguins into refugia during the last glacial maximum. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:2215-26. [PMID: 25728986 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between population structure and demographic history is critical to understanding microevolution and for predicting the resilience of species to environmental change. Using mitochondrial DNA from extant colonies and radiocarbon-dated subfossils, we present the first microevolutionary analysis of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) and show their population trends throughout the last glacial maximum (LGM, 19.5-16 kya) and during the subsequent period of warming and sea ice retreat. We found evidence for three mitochondrial clades within emperor penguins, suggesting that they were isolated within three glacial refugia during the LGM. One of these clades has remained largely isolated within the Ross Sea, while the two other clades have intermixed around the coast of Antarctica from Adélie Land to the Weddell Sea. The differentiation of the Ross Sea population has been preserved despite rapid population growth and opportunities for migration. Low effective population sizes during the LGM, followed by a rapid expansion around the beginning of the Holocene, suggest that an optimum set of sea ice conditions exist for emperor penguins, corresponding to available foraging area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Younger
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, 7001, Tas., Australia; Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rintoul SR. On the Origin and Influence of Adélie Land Bottom Water. OCEAN, ICE, AND ATMOSPHERE: INTERACTIONS AT THE ANTARCTIC CONTINENTAL MARGIN 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/ar075p0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
7
|
Bromwich D, Liu Z, Rogers AN, Van Woert ML. Winter Atmospheric Forcing of the Ross Sea Polynya. OCEAN, ICE, AND ATMOSPHERE: INTERACTIONS AT THE ANTARCTIC CONTINENTAL MARGIN 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/ar075p0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
8
|
Jacobs SS, Giulivi CF. Interannual Ocean and Sea Ice Variability in the Ross Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/ar075p0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
9
|
Impact of Grounded Icebergs on the Hydrographic Conditions Near the Filchner Ice Shelf. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/ar075p0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
10
|
Fiedler EK, Lachlan‐Cope TA, Renfrew IA, King JC. Convective heat transfer over thin ice covered coastal polynyas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jc005797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. K. Fiedler
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
- Now at Met Office, Exeter, UK
| | | | - I. A. Renfrew
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Robinson NJ, Williams MJM, Barrett PJ, Pyne AR. Observations of flow and ice-ocean interaction beneath the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jc005255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Dinniman MS, Klinck JM, Smith WO. Influence of sea ice cover and icebergs on circulation and water mass formation in a numerical circulation model of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jc004036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
Reddy TE, Arrigo KR, Holland DM. The role of thermal and mechanical processes in the formation of the Ross Sea summer polynya. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jc003874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
14
|
Marsland SJ. Modeling water mass formation in the Mertz Glacier Polynya and Adélie Depression, East Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jc002441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
15
|
Sweeney C. The annual cycle of surface water CO2 And O2 in the Ross Sea: A model for gas exchange on the continental shelves of Antarctica. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF THE ROSS SEA 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/078ars19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Jeffries MO, Morris K, Maksym T, Kozlenko N, Tin T. Autumn sea ice thickness, ridging and heat flux variability in and adjacent to Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jc000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Fukamachi Y, Wakatsuchi M, Taira K, Kitagawa S, Ushio S, Takahashi A, Oikawa K, Furukawa T, Yoritaka H, Fukuchi M, Yamanouchi T. Seasonal variability of bottom water properties off Adélie Land, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jc900292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Ushio S, Takizawa T, Ohshima KI, Kawamura T. Ice production and deep-water entrainment in shelf break polynya off Enderby Land, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jc900249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
20
|
Gloersen P, Parkinson CL, Cavalieri DJ, Comiso JC, Zwally HJ. Spatial distribution of trends and seasonally in the hemispheric sea ice covers: 1978-1996. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jc900121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
21
|
Markus T. Results from an ECMWF-SSM/I forced mixed layer model of the Southern Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jc900080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Kim SJ, Stössel A. On the representation of the Southern Ocean water masses in an ocean climate model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jc02413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
24
|
England MH, Hirst AC. Chlorofluorocarbon uptake in a World Ocean model: 2. Sensitivity to surface thermohaline forcing and subsurface mixing parameterizations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jc00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
25
|
Fichefet T, Maqueda MAM. Sensitivity of a global sea ice model to the treatment of ice thermodynamics and dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jc00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 719] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
Gallée H. Air-sea interactions over Terra Nova Bay during winter: Simulation with a coupled atmosphere-polynya model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
27
|
Comiso JC, Gordon AL. Cosmonaut polynya in the Southern Ocean: Structure and variability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jc01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
28
|
Jaeger JM, Nittrouer CA, DeMaster DJ, Kelchner C, Dunbar RB. Lateral transport of settling particles in the Ross Sea and implications for the fate of biogenic material. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jc01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
29
|
DeMaster DJ, Ragueneau O, Nittrouer CA. Preservation efficiencies and accumulation rates for biogenic silica and organic C, N, and P in high-latitude sediments: The Ross Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jc01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
30
|
Häkkinen S. Seasonal simulation of the Southern Ocean coupled ice-ocean system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jc02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
31
|
Markus T, Burns BA. A method to estimate subpixel-scale coastal polynyas with satellite passive microwave data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/94jc02278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
32
|
Vihma T. Subgrid parameterization of surface heat and momentum fluxes over polar oceans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jc02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
33
|
Comiso JC. Surface temperatures in the polar regions from Nimbus 7 temperature humidity infrared radiometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jc03450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
34
|
Satellite and automatic weather station analyses of Katabatic surges across the Ross Ice Shelf. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/ar061p0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
35
|
Bromwich DH, Carrasco JF, Liu Z, Tzeng RY. Hemispheric atmospheric variations and oceanographic impacts associated with katabatic surges across the Ross ice shelf, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
36
|
Hellmer HH, Jacobs SS. Ocean interactions with the base of Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jc01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
37
|
|
38
|
|
39
|
Grumbine RW. A model of the formation of high-salinity shelf water on polar continental shelves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jc00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
40
|
Smith SD, Muench RD, Pease CH. Polynyas and leads: An overview of physical processes and environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jc095ic06p09461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
41
|
Jacobs SS, Comiso JC. Sea ice and oceanic processes on the Ross Sea continental shelf. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jc094ic12p18195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
42
|
Eicken H, Lange MA. Development and properties of sea ice in the coastal regime of the southeastern Weddell Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jc094ic06p08193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
43
|
Hydrographic patterns in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica and their relationship to local benthic communities. Polar Biol 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00442029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
44
|
Alfultis MA, Martin S. Satellite passive microwave studies of the Sea of Okhotsk ice cover and its relation to oceanic processes, 1978–1982. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1029/jc092ic12p13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
45
|
|
46
|
Comiso JC, Sullivan CW. Satellite microwave and in situ observations of the Weddell Sea ice cover and its marginal ice zone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jc091ic08p09663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|