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Sekine T, Ozaki N, Miyanishi K, Asaumi Y, Kimura T, Albertazzi B, Sato Y, Sakawa Y, Sano T, Sugita S, Matsui T, Kodama R. Shock compression response of forsterite above 250 GPa. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600157. [PMID: 27493993 PMCID: PMC4972465 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) is one of the major planetary materials, and its behavior under extreme conditions is important to understand the interior structure of large planets, such as super-Earths, and large-scale planetary impact events. Previous shock compression measurements of forsterite indicate that it may melt below 200 GPa, but these measurements did not go beyond 200 GPa. We report the shock response of forsterite above ~250 GPa, obtained using the laser shock wave technique. We simultaneously measured the Hugoniot and temperature of shocked forsterite and interpreted the results to suggest the following: (i) incongruent crystallization of MgO at 271 to 285 GPa, (ii) phase transition of MgO at 285 to 344 GPa, and (iii) remelting above ~470 to 500 GPa. These exothermic and endothermic reactions are seen to occur under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature. They indicate complex structural and chemical changes in the system MgO-SiO2 at extreme pressures and temperatures and will affect the way we understand the interior processes of large rocky planets as well as material transformation by impacts in the formation of planetary systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimori Sekine
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Norimasa Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyanishi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuto Asaumi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kimura
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Bruno Albertazzi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Sato
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Youichi Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Sugita
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-856, Japan
| | - Takafumi Matsui
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kodama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Davies GF, Ahrens TJ. Measurement of elastic velocities of MgO under shock compression to 500 kilobars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb078i032p07596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vizgirda J, Ahrens TJ. Shock compression of aragonite and implications for the equation of state of carbonates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb087ib06p04747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bless SJ, Ahrens TJ. Measurement of release wave speed in shock-compressed polycrystalline alumina and aluminum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb081i011p01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rigden SM, Ahrens TJ, Stolper EM. Shock compression of molten silicate: Results for a model basaltic composition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb093ib01p00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ahrens TJ, Jeanloz R. Pyrite: Shock compression, isentropic release, and composition of the Earth's core. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb092ib10p10363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Syono Y, Goto T, Sato JI, Takei H. Shock compression measurements of single-crystal forsterite in the pressure range 15-93 GPa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb086ib07p06181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Jeanloz R, Ahrens TJ, Lally JS, Nord GL, Christie JM, Heuer AH. Shock-produced olivine glass: first observation. Science 2010; 197:457-9. [PMID: 17783244 DOI: 10.1126/science.197.4302.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations of an experimentally shock-deformed single crystal of natural peridot, (Mg(0.88)Fe(0.12))(2)SiO(4), recovered from peak pressures of about 56 x 10(9) pascals revealed the presence of amorphous zones located within crystalline regions with a high density of tangled dislocations. This is the first reported observation of olivine glass. The shocked sample exhibits a wide variation in the degree of shock deformation on a small scale, and the glass appears to be intimately associated with the highest density of dislocations. This study suggests that olivine glass may be formed as a result of shock at pressures above about 50 to 55 x 10(9) pascals and that further TEM observations of naturally shocked olivines may demonstrate the presence of glass.
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Mosenfelder JL, Asimow PD, Ahrens TJ. Thermodynamic properties of Mg2SiO4liquid at ultra-high pressures from shock measurements to 200 GPa on forsterite and wadsleyite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jb004364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Miller GH, Stolper EM, Ahrens TJ. The equation of state of a molten komatiite: 1 Shock wave compression to 36 GPa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jb01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Densities of molten silicates at high pressures (up to approximately 230 kilobars) have been measured for the first time with shock-wave techniques. For a model basaltic composition (36 mole percent anorthite and 64 mole percent diopside), a bulk modulus K(s), of approximately 230 kilobars and a pressure derivative (dK(s)/dP) of approximately 4 were derived. Some implications of these results are as follows: (i) basic to ultrabasic melts become denser than olivine-and pyroxene-rich host mantle at pressures of 60 to 100 kilobars; (ii) there is a maximum depth from which basaltic melt can rise within terrestrial planetary interiors; (iii) the slopes of silicate solidi [(dT(m)/dP), where T(m) is the temperature] may become less steep at high pressures; and (iv) enriched mantle reservoirs may have developed by downward segregation of melt early in Earth history.
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Syono Y, Goto T, Takei H, Tokonami M, Nobugai K. Association Reaction in Forsterite Under Shock Compression. Science 1981; 214:177-9. [PMID: 17733999 DOI: 10.1126/science.214.4517.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopic observation of forsterite (Mg(2)SiO(4)) shocked to peak pressures of 78 to 92 gigapascals revealed that forsterite breaks down to an assemblage of MgO plus MgSiO(3) glass. This strongly supports the interpretation that the high-pressure phase of forsterite under shock compression is due to the assemblage of MgSiO(3) perovskite plus MgO.
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Ahrens TJ. Equations of state of iron sulfide and constraints on the sulfur content of the Earth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1029/jb084ib03p00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shock Compression of Iron Sulphide and the Possible Sulphur Content of the Earth's Core. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1038/physci243082a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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