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Muller R, Cauchois R, Lagarde M, Roffino S, Genovesio C, Fernandez S, Hache G, Guillet B, Kara Y, Marlinge M, Lenting P, Poullin P, Dignat-George F, Tellier E, Kaplanski G. Reduction of mortality, cardiac damage, and cerebral damage by IL-1 inhibition in a murine model of TTP. Blood 2024; 143:2791-2803. [PMID: 38598839 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), a rare but fatal disease if untreated, is due to alteration in von Willebrand factor cleavage resulting in capillary microthrombus formation and ischemic organ damage. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been shown to drive sterile inflammation after ischemia and could play an essential contribution to postischemic organ damage in TTP. Our objectives were to evaluate IL-1 involvement during TTP and to test the efficacy of the recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, in a murine TTP model. We retrospectively measured plasma IL-1 concentrations in patients with TTP and controls. Patients with TTP exhibited elevated plasma IL-1α and -1β concentrations, which correlated with disease course and survival. In a mouse model of TTP, we administered anakinra (IL-1 inhibitor) or placebo for 5 days and evaluated the efficacy of this treatment. Anakinra significantly reduced mortality of mice (P < .001). Anakinra significantly decreased TTP-induced cardiac damage as assessed by blood troponin concentrations, evaluation of left ventricular function by echocardiography, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography of myocardial glucose metabolism, and cardiac histology. Anakinra also significantly reduced brain TTP-induced damage evaluated through blood PS100b concentrations, nuclear imaging, and histology. We finally showed that IL-1α and -1β trigger endothelial degranulation in vitro, leading to the release of von Willebrand factor. In conclusion, anakinra significantly reduced TTP mortality in a preclinical model of the disease by inhibiting both endothelial degranulation and postischemic inflammation, supporting further evaluations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Muller
- INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, CHU Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Raphaël Cauchois
- INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, CHU Conception, Marseille, France
- French Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lagarde
- INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- French Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Roffino
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Genovesio
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Samantha Fernandez
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, CHU Timone, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Hache
- INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Biology Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, CHU Timone, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- Biology Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, CHU Timone, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Yéter Kara
- INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Marlinge
- Biology Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale, CHU Timone, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Peter Lenting
- INSERM, Hémostase Inflammation Thrombose HITh U1176, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Pascale Poullin
- French Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service d'Hémaphérése, CHU Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Hematology and Vascular Biology, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, CHU Conception, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Edwige Tellier
- INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- French Reference Center for Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Kaplanski
- INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Centre de Recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, CHU Conception, Marseille, France
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Kaur R, Ahlawat S, Choudhary V, Kumari A, Kumar A, Kaur M, Arora R, Sharma R, Vijh RK. Expression profiling of cytokine genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Anaplasma marginale infected and healthy cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4281-4290. [PMID: 36409691 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2146589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, changes in expression profiles of genes encoding 14 cytokines (IL1A, IL1B, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12A, IL12B, IL16, IFNA, IFNB, TGFB1, and TNFA) were investigated amongst six Anaplasma marginale infected and six healthy crossbred cattle. Health status of the animals was determined based on clinical signs, blood smear examination and molecular detection using A. marginale-specific primers. Total RNA was isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the infected animals as well as the healthy controls, which was further reverse transcribed to cDNA. Primers for real time PCR were designed using Primer3 software and the results were analyzed by the 2-ΔΔCt method with RPS15 and GAPDH as the reference genes. The expression levels of IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL10, IL12A, IL12B, and TNFA varied significantly between the two groups, with higher expression in the infected cattle. The transcript abundance of IL4, IL16, and TGFB1 did not vary between the diseased and healthy animals. The expression of IL2 and IL8 was higher in the healthy animals, but the results were non-significant. Taken together, this study provides evidence for difference in expression of cytokine genes in response to anaplasmosis in crossbred cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmeet Kaur
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sonika Ahlawat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Vikas Choudhary
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, District Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Karnal, India
| | - Anisha Kumari
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Reena Arora
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Rekha Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
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Kaur R, Ahlawat S, Choudhary V, Kumari A, Chhabra P, Arora R, Sharma R, Vijh RK. Comparative expression profiling of cytokine genes in Theileria annulata–infected and healthy cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:383. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chen Z, Chen R, Ou Y, Lu J, Jiang Q, Liu G, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Yang B, Zuo L. Construction of an HLA Classifier for Early Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Recognition of Immunosuppression in Sepsis by Multiple Transcriptome Datasets. Front Physiol 2022; 13:870657. [PMID: 35685286 PMCID: PMC9171028 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.870657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sepsis is a clinical syndrome, due to a dysregulated inflammatory response to infection. Accumulating evidence shows that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes play a key role in the immune responses to sepsis. Nevertheless, the effects of HLA genes in sepsis have still not been comprehensively understood. Methods: A systematical search was performed in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and ArrayExpress databases from inception to 10 September 2021. Random forest (RF) and modified Lasso penalized regression were conducted to identify hub genes in multi-transcriptome data, thus we constructed a prediction model, namely the HLA classifier. ArrayExpress databases, as external validation, were utilized to evaluate its diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive performance. Immune cell infiltration score was calculated via CIBERSORTx tools and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and ssGSEA were conducted to determine the pathways that are significantly enriched in different subgroups. Next, we systematically correlated the HLA classifier with immunological characteristics from multiple perspectives, such as immune-related cell infiltration, pivotal molecular pathways, and cytokine expression. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to validate the expression level of HLA genes in clinical samples. Results: A total of nine datasets comprising 1,251 patients were included. Based on RF and modified Lasso penalized regression in multi-transcriptome datasets, five HLA genes (B2M, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DPA1, TAP1, and TAP2) were identified as hub genes, which were used to construct an HLA classifier. In the discovery cohort, the HLA classifier exhibited superior diagnostic value (AUC = 0.997) and performed better in predicting mortality (AUC = 0.716) than clinical characteristics or endotypes. Encouragingly, similar results were observed in the ArrayExpress databases. In the E-MTAB-7581 dataset, the use of hydrocortisone in the HLA high-risk subgroup (OR: 2.84, 95% CI 1.07–7.57, p = 0.037) was associated with increased risk of mortality, but not in the HLA low-risk subgroup. Additionally, immune infiltration analysis by CIBERSORTx and ssGSEA revealed that B cells, activated dendritic cells, NK cells, T helper cells, and infiltrating lymphocytes (ILs) were significantly richer in HLA low-risk phenotypes, while Tregs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were more abundant in HLA high-risk phenotypes. The HLA classifier was significantly negatively correlated with B cells, activated dendritic cells, NK cells, T helper cells, and ILs, yet was significantly positively correlated with Tregs and MDSCs. Subsequently, molecular pathways analysis uncovered that cytokine-cytokine receptor (CCR) interaction, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), and antigen-presenting cell (APC) co-stimulation were significantly enriched in HLA low-risk endotypes, which was significantly negatively correlated with the HLA classifier in multi-transcriptome data. Finally, the expression levels of several cytokines (IL-10, IFNG, TNF) were significantly different between the HLA subgroups, and the ratio of IL-10/TNF was significantly positively correlated with HLA score in multi-transcriptome data. Results of qRT-PCR validated the higher expression level of B2M as well as lower expression level of HLA-DQA1, HLA-DPA1, TAP1, and TAP2 in sepsis samples compared to control sample. Conclusion: Based on five HLA genes, a diagnostic and prognostic model, namely the HLA classifier, was established, which is closely correlated with responses to hydrocortisone and immunosuppression status and might facilitate personalized counseling for specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangpeng Ou
- Department of Oncology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Jianhai Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Qianhua Jiang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Genglong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District), Foshan, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yayun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, GuiYang Huaxi District People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhujiang Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Ben Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Liuer Zuo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
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Fedorchenko Y, Zimba O. CYTOKINES AS POTENTIAL MARKERS OF COVID-19 SEVERITY AND OUTCOMES. CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HYPOTHESES AND ETHICS 2022. [DOI: 10.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The continual propagation of SARS-CoV-2 has changed health care systems globally. Ranging degrees of clinical severity in COVID-19 patients have been noted in numerous literature sources. Cytokines play a crucial role in the development of key immunological processes in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 causes imbalance of the immune system and might culminate in cytokine storm and multiple organ involvement. The prevailing role of some special cytokines might serve as indicators of disease severity. Further stratification of patients in the context of specific cytokines can be beneficial for diagnosing disease stages. It can prevent critical states owing to timely diagnosis and targeted therapy. Targeting peculiar cytokines can markedly reduce complications. The aim of this article is to comprehensively overview the role of the main cytokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis and distinguish prognostic factors. Insights into specific cytokine involvement in COVID-19 pathogenesis may open new avenues for diagnosing hyperinflammatory COVID-19, predicting its outcomes and providing individualized cytokine-targeted therapeutic approaches.
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6
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Luo M, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Li N, Qing H. Association between hematocrit and the 30-day mortality of patients with sepsis: A retrospective analysis based on the large-scale clinical database MIMIC-IV. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265758. [PMID: 35324947 PMCID: PMC8947025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This research sought to ascertain the relationship between hematocrit (HCT) and mortality in patients with sepsis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of septic patients who were hospitalized between 2008 and 2019 in an advanced academic medical center in Boston, Massachusetts, registered in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database, We analyzed basic information including gender, age, race, and types of the first admission, laboratory indicators including HCT, platelets, white blood cells, albumin, bilirubin, hemoglobin, and serum creatinine, and 30-day mortality. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was utilized to analyze the relationship between HCT and 30-day mortality in patients with sepsis. Results: This research recruited 2057 patients who met the research requirements from 2008 to 2019. According to the HCT level, it was classified into the low HCT level, the regular HCT level, and the high HCT level. The 30-day mortality rate was 62.6%, 27.5%, and 9.9% for patients with the low HCT level, the regular HCT level, and the high HCT level, respectively (p < 0.05). The multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis displayed that compared with patients with the regular HCT level, the 30-day mortality of patients with the low HCT level increased by 58.9% (hazard ratio = 1.589, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.009–2.979, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The low HCT level is an independent risk factor for the increase of the 30-day mortality in patients with sepsis and can be used as a significant predictor of the clinical outcome of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Luo
- ICU, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- ICU, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- ICU, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Li
- Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - He Qing
- ICU, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
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Lu J, Chen R, Ou Y, Jiang Q, Wang L, Liu G, Liu Y, Yang B, Zhou Z, Zuo L, Chen Z. Characterization of immune-related genes andimmune infiltration features for early diagnosis, prognosis and recognition of immunosuppression in sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108650. [PMID: 35272172 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Among the body systems, the immune system plays a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. The effects of immunogenomic and immune cell infiltration in sepsis were still not been systematically understood. Based on modified Lasso penalized regression and RF, 8 DEIRGs (ADM, CX3CR1, DEFA4, HLA-DPA1, MAPK14, ORM1, RETN, and SLPI) were combined to construct an IRG classifier. In the discovery cohort, IRG classifier exhibited superior diagnostic efficacy and performed better in predicting mortality than clinical characteristics or MARS/SRS endotypes. Encouragingly, similar results were observed in the ArrayExpress databases. The use of hydrocortisone in IRG high-risk subgroup was associated with increased risk of mortality. In IRG low-risk phenotypes, NK cells, T helper cells, and infiltrating lymphocyte (IL) are significantly richer, while T cells regulatory (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are more abundant in IRG high-risk phenotypes. IRG score were significantly negatively correlated with Cytokine cytokine receptor interaction (CCR) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA). Between the IRG subgroups, the expression levels of several cytokines (IL-10, IFNG, TNF) were significantly different, and IRG score was significantly positively correlated with ratio of IL-10/TNF. Results of qRT-PCR validated that higher expression level of ADM, DEFA4, MAPK14, ORM1, RETN, and SLPI as well as lower expression level of CX3CR1 and HLA-DPA1 in sepsis samples compared to control sample. A diagnostic and prognostic model, namely IRG classifier, was established based on 8 IRGs that is closely correlated with responses to hydrocortisone and immunosuppression status and might facilitate personalized counseling for specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhai Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan 528308, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yangpeng Ou
- Department of Oncology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, 516000, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Qianhua Jiang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan 528308, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Genglong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District), Foshan 528318, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yayun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, GuiYang Huaxi District People's Hospital. Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Ben Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou 516000, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Zhujiang Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan 528308, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Liuer Zuo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan 528308, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan 528308, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Zhu D, Xia Y, Li S, Kong M, Chen C, Xue G, Kong L, Luo J. Iso-seco-tanapartholide activates Nrf2 signaling pathway through Keap1 modification and oligomerization to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:398-412. [PMID: 34923099 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Covalent modification of Keap1 results in reducing ubiquitination and the accumulation of Nrf2, which subsequently initiates the transcription of cellular anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory genes. Iso-seco-tanapartholide (IST), a sesquiterpene isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Artemisia argyi, had been reported to possess NF-κB inhibitory activity. However, its deep anti-inflammatory effects and direct target have never been reported. Here we show that IST activated Nrf2 and increased its target gene expression. In particular, LPS-caused inflammation in vitro and in vivo was mitigated by IST-induced Nrf2 activation but aggravated by Nrf2 inhibition. Mechanically, IST targeted Keap1 proteins via alkylating its cysteine residues 151, 273, 288, and so on. Subsequently, the modifying agent IST was displaced by intermolecular sulfhydryl disulfide interchange to lead to a disulfide dimer of Keap1. The resulting conformational change of Keap1 liberated Nrf2 from sequestration and allowed it translocation to the nucleus to activate the transcriptional program. Further studies demonstrated that Keap1 dimer formation contributed to the anti-inflammatory effects of IST. Taken together, our findings reveal a new mechanism for Nrf2 activation and provide a potential lead compound to treat inflammatory diseases through targeting Keap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongrong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuanzheng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Min Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guimin Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jianguang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Agina OA, Cheah KT, Sayuti NSA, Shaari MR, Isa NMM, Ajat M, Zamri-Saad M, Mazlan M, Hamzah H. High Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor to Interleukin 10 Ratio and Marked Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Predominate in Symptomatic Cattle Naturally Infected with Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, Theileria orientalis, Theileria sinensis and Trypanosoma evansi. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082235. [PMID: 34438696 PMCID: PMC8388426 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure the serum proinflammatory (IL-12, GM-CSF & IFN-γ) to anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-4) cytokine ratio, oxidant (MDA) level and antioxidant enzyme (SOD; GPx) activities after blood parasite infections. The blood and serum samples were obtained from 130 cattle and screened for identity of the infecting blood parasites by conventional PCR. The following blood parasite species were detected: Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos (70/130); Theileria orientalis (65/130); Theileria sinensis (32/130); Anaplasma marginale (49/130); Anaplasma platys (7/130); and Trypanosoma evansi (4/130). The GM-CSF/IL-10 ratio showed significantly higher values in all the symptomatic blood parasite infected cattle groups except for symptomatic A. platys infected cattle groups. Anti-inflammatory cytokine immune responses were notable findings in symptomatic and asymptomatic cattle infected with C. M. haemobos and T. orientalis characterized by low serum IL-12:IL-10, IFN-γ:IL-10, IL-12:IL-4 and IFN-γ:IL-4 (p < 0.05). Therefore, high serum GM-CSF:IL:10 in the symptomatic blood parasite infected cattle, low serum IL-12:IL-10, IFN-γ:IL-10, IL-12:IL-4 and IFN-γ:IL-4 ratios in asymptomatic cattle, high MDA level, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities could be useful predictive tools for outcome of natural blood parasite infections in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinyechukwu Ada Agina
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (O.A.A.); (H.H.); Tel.: +234-70-3901-0464 (O.A.A.); +60-19-2846-897 (H.H.)
| | - Kim Tho Cheah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Nurul Syahirah Ahmad Sayuti
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohd Rosly Shaari
- Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Mahiza Md Isa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Zamri-Saad
- Centre for Ruminant Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mazlina Mazlan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (O.A.A.); (H.H.); Tel.: +234-70-3901-0464 (O.A.A.); +60-19-2846-897 (H.H.)
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Wang J, Yang X, Li Y, Huang JA, Jiang J, Su N. Specific cytokines in the inflammatory cytokine storm of patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome and extrapulmonary multiple-organ dysfunction. Virol J 2021; 18:117. [PMID: 34088317 PMCID: PMC8177255 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, specific cytokines associated with development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and extrapulmonary multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) in COVID-19 patients have not been systematically described. We determined the levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with COVID-19 and their relationships with ARDS and extrapulmonary MOD. METHODS The clinical and laboratory data of 94 COVID-19 patients with and without ARDS were analyzed. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α]) were measured on days 1, 3, and 5 following admission. Seventeen healthy volunteers were recruited as controls. Correlations in the levels of inflammatory cytokines with clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed, furthermore, we also explored the relationships of different cytokines with ARDS and extrapulmonary MOD. RESULTS The ARDS group had higher serum levels of all 4 inflammatory cytokines than the controls, and these levels steadily increased after admission. The ARDS group also had higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 than the non-ARDS group, and the levels of these cytokines correlated significantly with coagulation parameters and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α correlated with the levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen, and were also higher in ARDS patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). All 4 inflammatory cytokines had negative correlations with PaO2/FiO2. IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α had positive correlations with the APACHE-II score. Relative to survivors, non-survivors had higher levels of IL-6 and IL-10 at admission, and increasing levels over time. CONCLUSIONS The cytokine storm apparently contributed to the development of ARDS and extrapulmonary MOD in COVID-19 patients. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 correlated with DIC, and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were associated with AKI. Relative to survivors, patients who died within 28 days had increased levels of IL-6 and IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Pinghai Road No. 899, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xinjing Yang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Pinghai Road No. 899, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Junhong Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Pinghai Road No. 899, Suzhou, 215000, China. .,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital, Affiliated to Soochow University, Chongwen Road No. 9, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Pinghai Road No. 899, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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11
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Impact of cytokines levels and interleukin 6 (-634 C>G) polymorphism on clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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12
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Luo L, Xu M, Liao D, Deng J, Mei H, Hu Y. PECAM-1 protects against DIC by dampening inflammatory responses via inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis and restoring vascular barrier integrity. Transl Res 2020; 222:1-16. [PMID: 32417429 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a frequent complication of sepsis that affects patient outcomes due to accompanying thrombo-inflammation and microvascular permeability changes. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), a cellular adhesion and signaling receptor that is expressed on both hematopoietic and endothelial cells, plays an important anti-inflammatory role in acute and chronic inflammatory disease models. Little is known, however, about role and mechanism of PECAM-1 in septic DIC. Here, we investigated whether PECAM-1 might play a protective role in hindering the development of septic DIC. Plasma levels of soluble PECAM-1 were markedly elevated in septic patients that developed DIC, with a correspondingly poorer outcome. PECAM-1 knockout exhibited more severe DIC and poorer outcome in the LPS induced- and cecal ligation and puncture-induced DIC model, which could be alleviated by tissue factor inhibitor. This phenomenon seemed to be equally linked to PECAM-1 expression by both endothelial and blood cells. Furthermore, PECAM-1 was found to exert its protective effect on developing septic DIC by the following 2 distinct mechanisms: the inhibition of macrophage pyroptosis and the acceleration of the restoration of the endothelial cell barrier. Taken together, these results implicate PECAM-1 as a potentially attractive target for the development of novel therapeutics to manage and treat septic DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Danying Liao
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China.
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
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13
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Hibbert J, Strunk T, Simmer K, Richmond P, Burgner D, Currie A. Plasma cytokine profiles in very preterm infants with late-onset sepsis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232933. [PMID: 32407417 PMCID: PMC7224469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deficiencies in innate immune responses may contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection in preterm infants. In vivo cytokine profiles in response to sepsis in very preterm infants are not fully understood. AIMS To characterise plasma pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations and pre-defined ratios in very preterm infants with late-onset sepsis (LOS). METHODS In this observational study, peripheral blood samples were collected at the time of evaluation for suspected LOS from 31 preterm infants (<30 weeks gestational age). Plasma cytokine concentrations were determined by 12-plex immunoassay. RESULTS IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IP-10, IL-6 and CCL2 were elevated in the majority infants with LOS (n = 12) compared to those without LOS (n = 19). There was no difference in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17AF, IL-8 and IL-15 concentrations between groups. IL-10/TNF-α ratios were increased, while CCL2/IL-10 and IL-12p70/IL-10 ratios were decreased in infants with LOS compared to those without. CONCLUSION Very preterm infants have a marked innate inflammatory response at the time of LOS. The increase in IL-10/TNF-α ratio may indicate early immune hypo-responsiveness. Longitudinal studies with a larger number of participants are required to understand immune responses and clinical outcomes following LOS in preterm infants.
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MESH Headings
- Australia/epidemiology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Case-Control Studies
- Cytokines/blood
- Female
- Gestational Age
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature/blood
- Infant, Premature/immunology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/blood
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/immunology
- Infant, Very Low Birth Weight/blood
- Infant, Very Low Birth Weight/immunology
- Inflammation/blood
- Inflammation/diagnosis
- Inflammation/epidemiology
- Inflammation/immunology
- Male
- Prospective Studies
- Sepsis/blood
- Sepsis/diagnosis
- Sepsis/epidemiology
- Sepsis/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hibbert
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education and Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tobias Strunk
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education and Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Neonatal Directorate, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karen Simmer
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education and Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Neonatal Directorate, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Richmond
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education and Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Currie
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education and Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Liao ST, Han C, Xu DQ, Fu XW, Wang JS, Kong LY. 4-Octyl itaconate inhibits aerobic glycolysis by targeting GAPDH to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5091. [PMID: 31704924 PMCID: PMC6841710 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated macrophages switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, similar to the Warburg effect, presenting a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory disease. The endogenous metabolite itaconate has been reported to regulate macrophage function, but its precise mechanism is not clear. Here, we show that 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI, a cell-permeable itaconate derivative) directly alkylates cysteine residue 22 on the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH and decreases its enzyme activity. Glycolytic flux analysis by U13C glucose tracing provides evidence that 4-OI blocks glycolytic flux at GAPDH. 4-OI thereby downregulates aerobic glycolysis in activated macrophages, which is required for its anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory effects of 4-OI are replicated by heptelidic acid, 2-DG and reversed by increasing wild-type (but not C22A mutant) GAPDH expression. 4-OI protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced lethality in vivo and inhibits cytokine release. These findings show that 4-OI has anti-inflammatory effects by targeting GAPDH to decrease aerobic glycolysis in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ting Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, 210014, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China.
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[Association of interleukin-10 gene polymorphism with enterovirus 71 infection in children]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21. [PMID: 31416504 PMCID: PMC7389907 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association of interleukin-10 (IL-10) -1082A/G, -819C/T, and -592C/A polymorphisms with IL-10 level and the severity of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in children. METHODS A total of 137 children with hand-foot-mouth disease due to EV71 infection were enrolled as EV71 infection group, which was further divided into mild group with 91 children and severe group with 46 children, and 122 healthy children who underwent physical examination were enrolled as healthy control group. Related clinical data were collected. ELISA was used to measure the serum level of IL-10, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to analyze IL-10 -1082A/G, -819C/T and -592C/A polymorphisms. RESULTS Compared with the healthy control group, the children with EV71 infection had significantly higher frequency of -1082 AA genotype and A allele (P<0.05). Among the children with EV71 infection, the severe group had significantly higher frequency of -1082 AA genotype and A allele than the mild group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the distribution of IL-10 -819C/T and IL-10 -592C/A polymorphisms between the two groups (P>0.05). The severe group had a significantly higher serum level of IL-10 than the mild group and the healthy control group. IL-10 -1082 AA genotype, -819 TT genotype, and -592 AA genotype were associated with the low expression of IL-10 (P<0.05). As for haplotype, the EV71 infection group had a significantly lower frequency of GCC haplotype than the healthy control group (P<0.05). In the severe group, the children with ATA haplotype had a significantly lower IL-10 level than those with other haplotypes, and the children with GCC haplotype had a significantly higher IL-10 level than those with other haplotypes (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IL-10 level between children with different haplotypes in the mild group and the healthy control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS IL-10 gene polymorphisms are associated with IL-10 expression and the severity of EV71 infection in children.
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16
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Galán A, Mayer I, Rafaj RB, Bendelja K, Sušić V, Cerón JJ, Mrljak V. MCP-1, KC-like and IL-8 as critical mediators of pathogenesis caused by Babesia canis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190474. [PMID: 29304171 PMCID: PMC5756041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine babesiosis caused by the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite Babesia canis is a tick-borne disease characterized by a host response that involves both cellular and humoral immunity. This study focuses on the secretion of cytokines Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF), Keratinocyte Chemotactic-like (KC-like), Interleukins (IL)-2, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18 and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1) in babesiosis caused by Babesia canis upon treatment with Imizol®. We assessed time dependent changes in cytokine levels and tested whether these changes correlate with pathogenesis of the disease. Sixteen healthy dogs and 31 dogs infected with Babesia canis, of which 18 showed complications, were treated with Imizol®. One dog died during the study (3.2%). Longitudinal study was perfomed by monitoring dogs at the first day of presentation (day 1) and 6 days later (day 7). Our results show that higher MCP-1 levels on day 1 are positively associated with the occurrence of complications, (complicated vs. uncomplicated; p = 0.00016). A similar pattern was observed for KC-like on day 1 (p = 0.0326) and day 7 (p = 0.044). Moreover, babesiosis caused by B. canis produced a steady increase in IL-8 levels with a moderate to strong negative correlation with erythrocyte counts and hematocrit in uncomplicated diseased dogs only (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient rs = -0.582 and rs = -0.598 respectively). Like for MCP-1, KC-like levels also differed in complicated and uncomplicated diseased dogs on day 1 (p = 0.03236) and day 7 (p = 0.044). Furthermore, KC-like levels were strongly correlated with IL-8 levels (rs = 0.663-0.7) and non-segmented neutrophil counts (rs = 0.572-0.732) in both diseased groups. Analysis of ROC suggests the use of serum levels of MCP-1 and IL-7 as predictors of the occurrence of complications with an AUC of 0.906 and 0.896 respectively and linear combinations of MCP-1, KC-Like, IL-7 and GM-CSF with values up to AUC = 0.983. Cytokine cluster analysis presented in this study can contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of babesiosis and serve as a prognostic tool for the early detection of cases with highest likelihood of developing complications. Overall, our studies show that infection by B. canis elicits a cytokine pattern that is distinct from that observed with B. rossi, and that some of the inflammatory mediators can be useful to predict complications. Our results also suggest targets for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in babesiosis caused by B. canis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Galán
- ERA Chair project ''VetMedZg'', Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Mayer
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Renata Barić Rafaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Velimir Sušić
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Vladimir Mrljak
- ERA Chair project ''VetMedZg'', Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Bochniarz M, Zdzisińska B, Wawron W, Szczubiał M, Dąbrowski R. Milk and serum IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and amyloid A concentrations in cows with subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:9674-9680. [PMID: 28964518 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentrations of cytokines IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 and acute phase protein amyloid A in milk and in serum from cows with subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci and from healthy cows. The blood and milk samples were obtained from 35 midlactation, multiparous (between parities 2 and 4) Holstein-Friesian cows. In the milk samples from 20 cows with subclinical mastitis, the following species of Staphylococcus were detected: Staphylococcus xylosus (8 samples), Staphylococcus chromogenes (6 samples), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (2 samples), Staphylococcus simulans (2 samples), and Staphylococcus sciuri (2 samples). The results of the present study indicate that the level of IL-6 in cows suffering from subclinical mastitis tended to be high in both serum and milk (432.09 and 254.32 pg/mL) compared with the level in healthy cows (164.47 and 13.02 pg/mL, respectively). Amyloid A value also was significantly higher in milk of unhealthy cows compared with cows without subclinical mastitis (790.2 and 360.5 ng/mL). No significant differences were found in levels of amyloid A in serum of both tested groups of cows (2,680.0 and 2,720.0 ng/mL). In contrast, concentration of IL-4 was significantly lower both in serum and in milk of cows with staphylococcal mastitis (86.1 and 123.17 pg/mL) compared with control animals (413.5 and 670.2 pg/mL). The level of IL-10 also was significantly higher in milk of healthy cows than in infected cows (39.78 and 22.5 pg/mL); however, differences in serum levels of this cytokine between tested groups were significantly less important (220.6 and 175.1 pg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Bochniarz
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 21-612 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Zdzisińska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Władysław Wawron
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 21-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Szczubiał
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 21-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Roman Dąbrowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30, 21-612 Lublin, Poland
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Zhao N, Chen HL, Chen ZZ, Li J, Chen ZB. IL-10-592 polymorphism is associated with IL-10 expression and severity of enterovirus 71 infection in chinese children. J Clin Virol 2017; 95:42-46. [PMID: 28843383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection results in some severe complications with high mortality and disability in Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) in children. Recent studies have shown that cytokine genetic predispositions have associations with both the development of EV71 infection and severity of HFMD. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate whether the IL-10-592 polymorphism is associated with IL-10 levels and disease severity in Chinese children with EV71 infection. STUDY DESIGN In patients selected, there were 378 cases with EV71 infection (including 291 mild cases, 70 severe cases and 17 critical cases), as well as 406 health controls. EV71 in serum was tested by RT-PCR, and IL-10-592 genotype was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis techniques. RESULT The IL-10-592C allele was observed with higher frequency in patients with critical EV71 infection (70.59%) compared with severe EV71 infection (41.43%, P<0.01), mild EV71 infection (43.81%, P<0.01) and healthy children (44.46%, P<0.01). The blood IL-10 levels of critical cases were significantly higher than severe cases, mild cases, and healthy children. Among all of the four groups, IL-10 levels in patients with genotype AA were significantly lower than those with genotypes AC+CC (t=4.86, P<0.05; t=2.30, P<0.05; t=3.44, P<0.05; t=5.58, P<0.05). CONCLUSION IL-10-592C allele is associated with IL-10 expressions and the severity of EV71 infection in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Neonatal Departmant, The Affiliated Women & Children Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China; Pediatric Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Hui-Lan Chen
- Neonatal Departmant, The Affiliated Women & Children Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Chen
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Women & Children Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Neonatal Departmant, The Affiliated Women & Children Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Zong-Bo Chen
- Pediatric Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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20
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Abstract
Sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is common in the surgical intensive care unit. Sepsis involves infection and the patient's immune response. Timely recognition of sepsis and swift application of evidence-based interventions is critical to the success of therapy. This article reviews the nature of the septic process, existing definitions of sepsis, and current evidence-based treatment strategies for sepsis and MODS. An improved understanding of the process of sepsis and its relation to MODS has resulted in clinical definitions and scoring systems that allow for the quantification of disease severity and guidelines for treatment.
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Johnson V, Burgess B, Morley P, Bragg R, Avery A, Dow S. Comparison of cytokine responses between dogs with sepsis and dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 180:15-20. [PMID: 27692090 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine abnormalities have been described previously in dogs with varied immune mediated and inflammatory conditions such as IMHA and sepsis. The purpose of this study was to establish references ranges for cytokine levels in dogs and to compare cytokine levels in normal dogs and dogs with two common inflammatory diseases (sepsis and IMHA). We hypothesized that cytokine response profiles in dogs with sepsis would be significantly different from those in dogs with IMHA due to the very different etiologies of the two diseases. Concentrations of 14 different cytokines in serum were measured and values grouped according to cytokine function. Serum from clinically normal dogs was used to establish cytokine concentration reference ranges. Rank values for each of the 4 cytokine groups were then compared statistically between healthy control, septic and IMHA dogs. This analysis revealed differences in cytokine groups between dogs with sepsis and IMHA when compared to healthy control dogs but no difference between dogs with either of these conditions. In conclustion, dogs in the early stage of sepsis and IMHA have similar circulating cytokines despite different etiologies suggesting activation of common immunologic pathways. This may have implications for immunotherapy of immune mediated diseases in dogs of varying etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Brandy Burgess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Paul Morley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Ryan Bragg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Anne Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States.
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Inoue K, Suzuki T, Igarashi T, Minamishima S, Seki H, Kosugi S, Katori N, Morisaki H. Deep anesthesia worsens outcome of rats with inflammatory responses. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:563-71. [PMID: 27001561 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that deep anesthesia with sevoflurane, known as a potent immunomodulator, for 4 h would worsen the 24-h outcomes of rats through modulation of the inflammatory responses. METHODS Forty-nine male Wistar rats, administered low dose of lipopolysaccharide (0.5 mg/kg) intravenously to elicit moderate inflammatory responses mimicked mild surgical stress, underwent one minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) or 2 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia for 4 h. The 24-h survival rate, arterial blood gases, plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations, and rate of T lymphocyte apoptosis in spleen were evaluated. We further examined the effects of hypotension and TNF-α discharge on the survival rate. RESULTS The survival rate in 2 MAC group was significantly lower accompanied with decreased base excess and increased level of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) compared to 1 MAC group. The apoptosis rate did not differ between the two groups. Neither norepinephrine infusion to restore hypotension nor administration of anti-TNF-α antibody improved the outcome in the 2 MAC group. CONCLUSIONS Deep anesthesia with sevoflurane even for a short-term period augments the release of inflammatory cytokines evoked by inflammatory insults like surgical stress, impairs the acid-base balance, and subsequently deteriorates the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Inoue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toru Igarashi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shizuka Minamishima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Seki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kosugi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Katori
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morisaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Goddard A, Leisewitz AL, Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Kristensen AT, Schoeman JP. Excessive Pro-Inflammatory Serum Cytokine Concentrations in Virulent Canine Babesiosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150113. [PMID: 26953797 PMCID: PMC4783066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Babesia rossi infection causes a severe inflammatory response in the dog, which is the result of the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion. The aim of this study was to determine whether changes in cytokine concentrations were present in dogs with babesiosis and whether it was associated with disease outcome. Ninety-seven dogs naturally infected with B. rossi were studied and fifteen healthy dogs were included as controls. Diagnosis of babesiosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at admission, prior to any treatment. Cytokine concentrations were assessed using a canine-specific multiplex assay on an automated analyser. Serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured. Twelve of the Babesia-infected dogs died (12%) and 85 survived (88%). Babesia-infected dogs were also divided into those that presented within 48 hours from displaying clinical signs, and those that presented more than 48 hours after displaying clinical signs. Cytokine concentrations were compared between the different groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. IL-10 and MCP-1 concentrations were significantly elevated for the Babesia-infected dogs compared to the healthy controls. In contrast, the IL-8 concentration was significantly decreased in the Babesia-infected dogs compared to the controls. Concentrations of IL-6 and MCP-1 were significantly increased in the non-survivors compared to the survivors. Concentrations for IL-2, IL-6, IL-18 and GM-CSF were significantly higher in those cases that presented during the more acute stage of the disease. These findings suggest that a mixed cytokine response is present in dogs with babesiosis caused by B. rossi, and that an excessive pro-inflammatory response may result in a poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Goddard
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew L. Leisewitz
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mads Kjelgaard-Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annemarie T. Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan P. Schoeman
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Dąbrowski R, Pastor J, Szczubiał M, Piech T, Bochniarz M, Wawron W, Tvarijonaviciute A. Serum IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations in bitches with pyometra undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Acta Vet Scand 2015; 57:61. [PMID: 26410584 PMCID: PMC4584008 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyometra is a serious bacterial infection of the uterus affecting female dogs and manifests as an accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen. The aim of the study was to assess changes in serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 concentrations in bitches with pyometra undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Findings Blood samples were collected from healthy bitches (controls) and bitches with pyometra before surgery, and 3 and 10 days after ovariohysterectomy. Before surgery, bitches with pyometra had significantly higher serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 than the controls. After surgery, the serum concentration of IL-6 and IL-10 decreased significantly. In healthy dogs, the concentration of IL-6 and IL-10 showed a significant increase 3 days after surgery followed by a decrease on day 10. Conclusion An increase in serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 was present before surgery in bitches with pyometra and 3 days after ovariohysterectomy in healthy controls. Concentrations decreased after ovariohysterectomy and/or proper healing, suggesting that these cytokines can be useful for assessment of the postoperative period in bitches.
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Neonatal sepsis and inflammatory mediators. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:269681. [PMID: 25614712 PMCID: PMC4295603 DOI: 10.1155/2014/269681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and its signs and symptoms are nonspecific, which makes the diagnosis difficult. The routinely used laboratory tests are not effective methods of analysis, as they are extremely nonspecific and often cause inappropriate use of antibiotics. Sepsis is the result of an infection associated with a systemic inflammatory response with production and release of a wide range of inflammatory mediators. Cytokines are potent inflammatory mediators and their serum levels are increased during infections, so changes from other inflammatory effector molecules may occur. Although proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been identified as probable markers of neonatal infection, in order to characterize the inflammatory response during sepsis, it is necessary to analyze a panel of cytokines and not only the measurement of individual cytokines. Measurements of inflammatory mediators bring new options for diagnosing and following up neonatal sepsis, thus enabling early treatment and, as a result, increased neonatal survival. By taking into account the magnitude of neonatal sepsis, the aim of this review is to address the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of neonatal sepsis and its value as a diagnostic criterion.
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26
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Liu L, Ding G. Effects of different blood purification methods on serum cytokine levels and prognosis in patients with acute severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Ther Apher Dial 2014; 19:185-90. [PMID: 25363508 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of three different blood purification methods, hemoperfusion (HP), continuous blood purification (CBP), and on-line high-volume hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF), on the survival rate of patients with acute severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (ASOPP), as well as on major pro-inflammatory (interleukin [IL]-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in the serum. Eighty-one ASOPP patients were randomly divided into three groups: HP (N = 23), HP + CBP (N = 26), HP + OL-HD (N = 32). Serum IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels were assessed by ELISA before treatment and at 24 and 48 h post-treatment and survival rates were determined. Patient survival rate was significantly higher in OL-HDF and CBP treated patients compared with HP group (P < 0.05). A significantly greater clearance effect in serum IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels at 24 and 48 h post-treatment was observed in CBP and OL-HDF groups compared with the HP group (P < 0.05). The levels of serum anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased significantly in CBP and OL-HDF groups compared with the HP group (P < 0.05 at 48 h post-treatment). In addition, OL-HDF treatment achieved similar changes in serum TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10 levels as CBP (P > 0.05). Compared with the HP method, CBP or OL-HDF combined with HP can rapidly clear inflammatory cytokines, reduce systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and improve the survival of ASOPP patients. Compared with CBP, OL-HDF is an economical and effective method to treat ASOPP with less technical difficulty and more suitability for rural areas and primary hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunzhi Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Paracha RZ, Ahmad J, Ali A, Hussain R, Niazi U, Tareen SHK, Aslam B. Formal modelling of toll like receptor 4 and JAK/STAT signalling pathways: insight into the roles of SOCS-1, interferon-β and proinflammatory cytokines in sepsis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108466. [PMID: 25255432 PMCID: PMC4185881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the major causes of human morbidity and results in a considerable number of deaths each year. Lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis has been associated with TLR4 signalling pathway which in collaboration with the JAK/STAT signalling regulate endotoxemia and inflammation. However, during sepsis our immune system cannot maintain a balance of cytokine levels and results in multiple organ damage and eventual death. Different opinions have been made in previous studies about the expression patterns and the role of proinflammatory cytokines in sepsis that attracted our attention towards qualitative properties of TLR4 and JAK/STAT signalling pathways using computer-aided studies. René Thomas' formalism was used to model septic and non-septic dynamics of TLR4 and JAK/STAT signalling. Comparisons among dynamics were made by intervening or removing the specific interactions among entities. Among our predictions, recurrent induction of proinflammatory cytokines with subsequent downregulation was found as the basic characteristic of septic model. This characteristic was found in agreement with previous experimental studies, which implicate that inflammation is followed by immunomodulation in septic patients. Moreover, intervention in downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines by SOCS-1 was found desirable to boost the immune responses. On the other hand, interventions either in TLR4 or transcriptional elements such as NFκB and STAT were found effective in the downregulation of immune responses. Whereas, IFN-β and SOCS-1 mediated downregulation at different levels of signalling were found to be associated with variations in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. However, these predictions need to be further validated using wet laboratory experimental studies to further explore the roles of inhibitors such as SOCS-1 and IFN-β, which may alter the levels of proinflammatory cytokines at different stages of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Zafar Paracha
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umar Niazi
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Edward Llwyd Building, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Samar Hayat Khan Tareen
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Babar Aslam
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Relationship between early inflammatory response and clinical evolution of the severe multiorgan failure in mechanical circulatory support-treated patients. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:281790. [PMID: 25132729 PMCID: PMC4123561 DOI: 10.1155/2014/281790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is an effective treatment in critically ill patients with end-stage heart failure (ESHF) that, however, may cause a severe multiorgan failure syndrome (MOFS) in these subjects. The impact of altered inflammatory response, associated to MOFS, on clinical evolution of MCS postimplantation patients has not been yet clarified. Methods. Circulating cytokines, adhesion molecules, and a marker of monocyte activation (neopterin) were determined in 53 MCS-treated patients, at preimplant and until 2 weeks. MOFS was evaluated by total sequential organ failure assessment score (tSOFA). Results. During MCS treatment, 32 patients experienced moderate MOFS (tSOFA < 11; A group), while 21 patients experienced severe MOFS (tSOFA ≥ 11) with favorable (B group) or adverse (n = 13, C group) outcomes. At preimplant, higher values of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were the only parameter independently associated with A group. In C group, during the first postoperative week, high levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and an increase of neopterin and adhesion molecules, precede tSOFA worsening and exitus. Conclusions. The MCS patients of C group show an excessive release to IL-8 and TNF-α, and monocyte-endothelial activation after surgery, that might contribute to the unfavourable evolution of severe MOFS.
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Guerreiro R, Besson AA, Bellenger J, Ragot K, Lizard G, Faivre B, Sorci G. Correlational selection on pro- and anti-inflammatory effectors. Evolution 2013; 66:3615-23. [PMID: 23002997 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parasites impose a permanent threat for hosts. As a consequence, immune defenses are important for host fitness. However, the immune response can also produce self-damage and impair host fitness if not properly regulated. Effectors that up- and downregulate the immune response should, therefore, evolve in concert, and be under the action of correlational selection. To address this issue, we assessed the shape of the selection operating on pro- and anti-inflammatory effectors following an inflammatory challenge in laboratory mice.We found that selection acts on the combination of these two traits as individuals that produced large amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines could achieve relatively high fitness (survival) only if also producing a large amount of anti-inflammatory effectors. To our knowledge, this is the first study providing evidence for correlational selection on immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Guerreiro
- Biogéosciences, CNRS UMR 6282, Universite´ de Bourgogne, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Le Rouzic V, Wiedinger K, Zhou H. Attenuated mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators in neonatal rat lung following lipopolysaccharide treatment. J Inflamm Res 2012; 5:99-109. [PMID: 23055766 PMCID: PMC3461607 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s33737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonates are known to exhibit increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections and increasing evidence demonstrates that the increased susceptibility is related to their attenuated immune response to infections. The lung is equipped with an innate defense system involving both cellular and humoral mediators. The present study was performed to characterize the expression of inflammatory mediators in the lung of neonatal rats in comparison with older animals. Rats at postnatal day 1 (P1), P21, and P70 were treated with saline or 0.25 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via intraperitoneal injection. Two hours later, animals were sacrificed and the transcriptional response of key inflammatory mediators and enzyme activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the lung of these animals were examined. LPS-induced messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, antiinflammatory cytokines, namely IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), and chemokines, namely macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, MIP-2, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, in P1 lung was much reduced compared to that in P21 and P70 animals at 2 hours postinjection. These data suggest that LPS-induced transcriptional response of cytokines and chemokines was much reduced in P1 lung even though the protein levels of these genes were not ascertained and mRNA levels of these genes may not reflect their final protein levels. MPO activity in LPS-treated P1 lung was also significantly attenuated compared to that in LPS-treated P70 lung, suggesting impaired neutrophil infiltration in P1 lung at 2 hours following LPS treatment. In parallel, the baseline mRNA expression of LPS-binding protein (LBP) in P1 lung was much lower than that in P21 and P70 lungs. While the protein level of LBP was not examined and the mRNA level of LBP may not reflect its final protein level, the reduced transcriptional response of cytokines and chemokines in P1 lung at 2 hours following LPS treatment may be attributed to lower LBP expression in P1 lung as compared to P21 and P70 lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Le Rouzic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
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DeClue AE, Nickell J, Chang CH, Honaker A. Upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine production in response to bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns in dogs with diabetes mellitus undergoing insulin therapy. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2012; 6:496-502. [PMID: 22768879 PMCID: PMC3440040 DOI: 10.1177/193229681200600303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic alterations associated with diabetes mellitus alter innate immunity. Dogs often develop infectious or inflammatory complications related to diabetes mellitus, yet little is known about the effects of diabetes mellitus on the immune system in this species. METHODS Prospective evaluation in dogs with poorly regulated spontaneous type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In vitro leukocyte cytokine response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and peptidoglycan (PG) was compared between dogs with T1DM and healthy dogs. Additionally, the effect of acute in vitro glucose exposure on leukocyte tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production from healthy dogs was measured. RESULTS Leukocytes from dogs with T1DM had significantly greater TNF production after LTA and PG stimulation compared with leukocytes from healthy dogs. Leukocyte interleukin (IL)-6 production was greater after stimulation with LPS, LTA, PG, and phosphate-buffered saline in the T1DM group. No such difference was noted when evaluating IL-10 production between groups regardless of stimulant. Dogs with T1DM had significantly greater IL-6 to IL-10 production ratios than healthy dogs. Acute exposure to dextrose did not augment cytokine production from healthy canine leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS Dogs with T1DM have altered innate immunity characterized by upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine production without a concurrent change in anti-inflammatory cytokine production. This may be one explanation for the common infectious and inflammatory complications associated with T1DM in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E DeClue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
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Washing red blood cells and platelets transfused in cardiac surgery reduces postoperative inflammation and number of transfusions: results of a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2012; 13:290-9. [PMID: 21926663 PMCID: PMC3839819 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0b013e31822f173c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass are susceptible to additional inflammatory and immunogenic insults from blood transfusions. We hypothesize that washing red blood cells and platelets transfused to these patients will reduce postoperative transfusion-related immune modulation and inflammation. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. SETTING University hospital pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. PATIENTS Children from birth to 17 yrs undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. INTERVENTIONS Children were randomized to an unwashed or washed red blood cells and platelet transfusion protocol for their surgery and postoperative care. All blood was leuko-reduced, irradiated, and ABO identical. Plasma was obtained for laboratory analysis preoperatively, immediately, and 6 and 12 hrs after cardiopulmonary bypass. Primary outcome was the 12-hr postcardiopulmonary bypass interleukin-6-to-interleukin-10 ratio. Secondary measures were interleukin levels, C-reactive protein, and clinical outcomes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS One hundred sixty-two subjects were studied, 81 per group. Thirty-four subjects (17 per group) did not receive any blood transfusions. Storage duration of blood products was similar between groups. Among transfused subjects, the 12-hr interleukin ratio was significantly lower in the washed group (3.8 vs. 4.8; p = .04) secondary to lower interleukin-6 levels (after cardiopulmonary bypass: 65 vs.100 pg/mL, p = .06; 6 hrs: 89 vs.152 pg/mL, p = .02; 12 hrs: 84 vs.122 pg/mL, p = .09). Postoperative C-reactive protein was lower in subjects receiving washed blood (38 vs. 43 mg/L; p = .03). There was a numerical, but not statistically significant, decrease in total blood product transfusions (203 vs. 260) and mortality (2 vs. 6 deaths) in the washed group compared to the unwashed group. CONCLUSIONS Washed blood transfusions in cardiac surgery reduced inflammatory biomarkers, number of transfusions, donor exposures, and were associated with a nonsignificant trend toward reduced mortality. A larger study powered to test for clinical outcomes is needed to determine whether these laboratory findings are clinically significant.
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Machado LB, Negri EM, Bonafé WW, Santos LM, Sá Malbouisson LM, Carmona MJC. [Evaluation of cytokine levels and pulmonary function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft]. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2011; 61:275-85. [PMID: 21596187 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-7094(11)70033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is commonly observed in coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CB). The objective of this study was to evaluate the systemic and pulmonary levels of cytokines and their correlation with lung function in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization (MR) with CB. METHODS This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, and 13 patients undergoing MR with CB were evaluated. After anesthetic induction and at the end of CB, plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were determined. The duration of CB and surgery, PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-a gradient), shunt, and lung compliance were evaluated. Results were submitted to analysis of variance for repeated measurements (*p < 0.05) and Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS We observed increased levels of cytokines in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage after CB and a direct relationship between the increase in IL-1β and decrease in lung compliance (p = 0.0439), as well as the inverse relationship between the increase in IL-10 and a decrease in compliance (p = 0.0325). The increase in IL-6 was directly related to the duration of CB (p = 0.012), while the increase in IL-8 was directly related to the duration of surgery (p < 0.0001). Levels of interleukin-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage were higher than in plasma. CONCLUSIONS There is an increase in cytokine levels in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage after CB, as well as a correlation between increased cytokine levels and CB duration and surgery and changes in lung compliance.
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Wang H, Zhang M, Wang X, Mao H, Ying X, Zhu W, Sun C, Jiang C. Improvement of cytokine response and survival time by bioartificial kidney therapy in acute uremic pigs with multi-organ dysfunction. Int J Artif Organs 2011; 33:526-34. [PMID: 20872347 DOI: 10.1177/039139881003300803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether bioartificial kidney (BAK) ameliorates cytokine response and biochemical indices, and prolongs the survival time in acute uremic pigs with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). METHODS Hybridized pigs suffering from MODS and acute renal failure (ARF) were treated with BAK (Group A, n=6) or sham-BAK containing no cells (Group B, n=6), or received no treatment (Group C, n=5). Data on blood pressure, hepatic and renal function, IL-10, TNF-α, arterial blood gas, and survival time of all the pigs was recorded. RESULTS Mean arterial pressure (MAP, mmHg) responded more rapidly and reached higher values in Group A (91.82 ± 5.73) compared with Groups B and C at 24 hours (p<0.01). The peak level of serum IL-10 (pg/mL) in Group A (249.57 ± 43.51) was significantly higher than in Groups B and C (132.06 ± 17.53, 104.25 ± 13.42, p<0.01). Serum TNF-α level (pg/mL) in Group A dropped gradually to 402.91 ± 32.47 at 24 hours, and showed a significant discrepancy compared with those before treatment (537.16 ± 38.45) and Group B (512.94 ± 19.5, p<0.05). There was no difference in plasma endotoxin and serum IL-6 between pre-treatment and post-treatment in Groups A and B. BAK treatment, however, resulted in a significant decline in IL-6/IL-10 ratios. The average survival time (hours) in Group A (113.01 ± 14.32) was significantly longer, prolonged by 35.93% and 63.90% compared to Groups B and C (p<0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The addition of renal tubule cell therapy to hemofiltration in an acutely uremic animal model with MODS altered systemic cytokine balance, ameliorated MAP, and prolonged survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Early expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in left ventricular assist device recipients with multiple organ failure syndrome. ASAIO J 2010; 56:313-8. [PMID: 20445439 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0b013e3181de3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess whether the combined evaluation of total Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (t-SOFA) score and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles early after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implant discriminates patients at high risk for multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS) in the first month post-LVAD, we analyzed plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1ra, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and urine neopterin levels before (day 0) and at 4 hours, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after LVAD implant in 23 recipients. Eight patients died of MOFS between days 7 and 30 (nonsurvivors). At preimplant, only blood urea nitrogen and age were higher in nonsurvivors than survivors. At 4 hours, IL-8, IL-10, and IL1-ra levels were higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors; t-SOFA was also higher and peaked on day 3 in nonsurvivors. Only IL-8 levels on day 1 were significantly associated with a t-SOFA > or =10 on day 3 (odds ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.21, p = 0.04). Neopterin, marker of monocyte activation, increased significantly only in nonsurvivors (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that an activated inflammatory system soon after LVAD implant is implicated in MOFS development. Early monitoring of inflammatory mediators and t-SOFA score may be a valuable tool for outcome prediction in LVAD recipients.
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Hussein MH, Daoud GA, Kakita H, Kato S, Goto T, Kamei M, Goto K, Ozaki Y, Ito T, Fukuda S, Kato I, Suzuki S, Hashimoto T, Togari H. Effect of polymyxin B-immobilized fiber hemoperfusion on respiratory impairment, hepatocellular dysfunction, and leucopenia in a neonatal sepsis model. Pediatr Surg Int 2010; 26:187-93. [PMID: 19802625 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-009-2476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sepsis and septic shock remain a major source of morbidity and mortality in neonates despite advances in antimicrobials and aggressive supportive care. Our aim was to study the effects of polymyxin-B direct hemoperfusion (PMX-DHP) therapy on sepsis-induced respiratory impairment, liver dysfunction and leucopenia in a neonatal cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) model. METHODS Fourteen anesthetized and mechanically ventilated 3-day-old piglets underwent CLP and an arteriovenous extracorporeal circuit from 3 h until 6 h post-CLP, with a PMX column in the PMX-DHP treated group (7 piglets). Changes in oxygen saturation, PCO(2), base excess, white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet count, hematocrit (Hct%), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase were measured before CLP and at 1, 3 and 6 h after. RESULTS At 6 h, the PMX-DHP group showed lower Hct%, and SGPT in comparison to the control group, but higher oxygen saturation and WBC count. No effects on the platelet count were found. The survival times of the PMX-DHP group were longer than in control. CONCLUSION PMX-DHP therapy limited the respiratory impairment, liver dysfunction and leucopenia in a neonatal septic model, which resulted in an improvement of survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed Hussein
- Department of Pediatrics Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
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Bucay AH. A new hypothesis: Treatment of septic shock by provoking a mild infection simultaneously. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:854-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yang CH, Tsai PS, Wang TY, Huang CJ. Dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination mitigates acute lung injury in haemorrhagic shock rats. Resuscitation 2009; 80:1204-10. [PMID: 19608326 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Upregulation of pulmonary inflammatory molecules is crucial in mediating the development of acute lung injury induced by haemorrhagic shock. Dexmedetomidine and ketamine possess potent anti-inflammatory capacity. We sought to elucidate whether dexmedetomidine, ketamine, or dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination could mitigate acute lung injury in haemorrhagic shock rats. METHODS Fifty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to the sham-instrumented, haemorrhagic shock (HS), HS plus dexmedetomidine (HS-D), HS plus ketamine (HS-K), or HS plus dexmedetomidine-ketamine (HS-D+K) group (n=10 in each group). Haemorrhagic shock was induced by blood withdrawing and the mean blood pressure was maintained at 40-45mmHg for 120min. Resuscitation was then performed by infusion of shed blood/saline mixtures. After monitoring for another 8h, rats were sacrificed. RESULTS Histology findings and lung injury score analysis revealed moderate lung injury in rats of the HS, HS-D, and HS-K groups, whereas those of the HS-D+K group revealed mild lung injury. The effects of haemorrhagic shock on increasing cell number and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as well as water content, leukocyte infiltration, and myeloperoxidase activity of lung tissues were significantly attenuated by dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination but not by dexmedetomidine or ketamine alone. Dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination, but not dexmedetomidine or ketamine alone, also significantly inhibited haemorrhagic shock-induced upregulation of pulmonary inflammatory molecules, including nitric oxide, prostaglandin E(2), chemokine (e.g., macrophage inflammatory protein-2), and cytokines [e.g., interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6]. CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination mitigates acute lung injury in haemorrhagic shock rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsien Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang X, Wei M, Kuukasjärvi P, Laurikka J, Rinne T, Moilanen E, Tarkka M. The anti-inflammatory effect of bradykinin preconditioning in coronary artery bypass grafting (bradykinin and preconditioning). SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2009; 43:72-9. [DOI: 10.1080/14017430802180449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, FuWai Cardiovascular Disease Hospital, PUMC, China
| | - Minxin Wei
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pekka Kuukasjärvi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Laurikka
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Rinne
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacological Research Group, University of Tampere, Medical School and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Tarkka
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Fasting exacerbates and feeding diminishes LPS-induced liver injury in the rat. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54:767-73. [PMID: 18688715 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enteral nutrition improves clinical outcomes. The effects of feeding on LPS induced liver injury are unknown. We hypothesized that feeding would attenuate liver injury from LPS. METHODS Fasted or fed rats were given LPS (20 mg/kg i.p.) or saline for 5 h and sacrificed. Serum aminotransferases and cytokines (immunoassay) were measured. Oxidative stress protein (iNOS, COX2, and HO1) assessments (Western immunoblot) were also obtained. RESULTS In fasted rats, LPS significantly increased serum aminotransferase levels, enhanced hepatic COX2, iNOS, and HO1 immunoreactivity, and increased serum cytokine levels when compared to controls. While feeding diminished liver enzymes, attenuated expression of COX2 and iNOS, and blunted production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, it did not modulate LPS-induced expression of the anti-inflammatory markers HO1 and IL-10. CONCLUSION These data suggest that feeding decreases liver injury by attenuating expression of pro-inflammatory mediators while maintaining expression of anti-inflammatory mediators, both systemically and locally.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of sepsis is incompletely understood, however alterations in systemic inflammation and serum cytokines are thought to play a central role. In the rat, ketamine, but not isoflurane, prevents hepatic injury from lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The effect of these anesthetics on the systemic inflammatory response and other organs remains to be fully elucidated. We hypothesized that ketamine, but not isoflurane, would blunt the cytokine response to LPS administration. METHODS Male rats received no anesthesia, intraperitoneal ketamine (70 mg/kg), or inhalational isoflurane. One hour later, LPS (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or saline was given for 5 hours and rats were killed. Gastric fluid volumes were determined as an index of gastric emptying. Serum was collected and cytokines measured via a multiplexed suspension immunoassay. RESULTS In nonanesthetized rats, LPS increased gastric luminal fluid accumulation and serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines when compared with saline controls. Anesthesia with either ketamine or isoflurane caused a significant reduction in LPS-induced changes in serum cytokines, although ketamine had a more dramatic reduction in tumor necrosis factor alpha levels than did isoflurane. Both anesthetics reduced the interleukin IL-6/IL-10 ratio in response to LPS when compared with LPS alone. Ketamine, but not isoflurane, prevented LPS-induced gastric luminal fluid accumulation. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that both ketamine and isoflurane diminish the systemic inflammatory response to LPS in the rat as measured by serum cytokines and a reduced IL-6/IL-10 ratio. However, only ketamine improves LPS-induced gastric dysfunction, perhaps secondary to its ability to reduce serum tumor necrosis factor alpha levels more effectively.
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Kadoi Y, Hinohara H, Kunimoto F, Saito S. Effects of the cannabinoid antagonist AM281 on systemic hemodynamics and mortality rate in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with endotoxic shock: comparison between non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008; 52:664-72. [PMID: 18261198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE On the basis of previous findings that the anandamide antagonist AM281, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor antagonist, could restore the hemodynamic and cerebral blood flow changes and improve the mortality rate in non-diabetic rats during sepsis, this study was conducted to examine whether AM281 could restore the hemodynamic variables and improve the mortality rate in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats during sepsis. METHODS The study was designed to include three sets of experiments, each set of experiment being conducted in both diabetic and non-diabetic animals: (1) measurement of changes in systemic hemodynamics and carotid artery blood flow, (2) measurement of biochemical variables and (3) assessment of mortality rate. Systemic hemodynamics, carotid artery blood flow changes and biochemical variables were assessed at pre-treatment and 1, 2 and 3 h after the treatment was performed. RESULTS In both non-diabetic and diabetic rats, administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a reduction in hemodynamic variables, these reductions being greater in diabetic than in non-diabetic rats. In diabetic rats, administration of AM281 could only partially prevent these hemodynamic changes, these changes being insufficient to elevate these variables to control values. Significant differences were observed in mortality rates at 6 and 12 h between non-diabetic and diabetic groups with the same treatment. At 12 h, only non-diabetic AM281 group rats were still alive (mortality rate 50%). CONCLUSION Administration of AM281 only partially prevented the hemodynamic, biochemical and carotid artery blood flow changes associated with LPS-induced septicemia in diabetic rats, as compared with non-diabetic rats in whom these changes were prevented to a greater extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kadoi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan.
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Januszkiewicz A, Klaude M, Loré K, Andersson J, Ringdén O, Rooyackers O, Wernerman J. Enhanced in vivo protein synthesis in circulating immune cells of ICU patients. J Clin Immunol 2007; 27:589-97. [PMID: 17619127 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-007-9108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient function of the immune system contributes to a poor prognosis in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, the immune system function is not easily monitored and evaluated. In vivo protein synthesis determination in immune competent cells offers a possibility to quantify immunological activation. The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the in vivo fractional protein synthesis rate (FSR) in immune cells of ICU patients during the initial phase of the critical illness. Patients (n = 20) on ventilator treatment in the general ICU were studied during their first week of ICU stay. FSR was determined in circulating T lymphocytes, mononuclear cells, the whole population of blood leukocytes, and in stationary immune cells of palatine tonsils during a 90-min period by a flooding technique. Healthy, adult subjects (n = 11), scheduled for elective ear, nose, and throat surgery served as a control group. The FSR in leukocytes and mononuclear cells of ICU patients was higher compared with the control group. In contrast, the FSR of circulating T lymphocytes and of tonsillar cells was not different from that in the healthy subjects. In summary, the ICU patients showed a distinct polarization of metabolic responses during the initial phase of the critical illness. The in vivo rate of protein synthesis was high in the circulating mononuclear cells and leukocytes, reflecting enhanced metabolic activity in these cell populations. Determination of the in vivo protein synthesis rate may be used as a tool to obtain additional information on activation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Januszkiewicz
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although enthusiasm of intensivists has been raised during the last 2-3 years due to several successful clinical trials, severe sepsis and septic shock still have an increasing incidence with more or less unchanged mortality. Within the last 12 months, the progress in sepsis research covering definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, standard and adjunctive therapy, as well as experimental approaches is encouraging. In this review, state-of-the-art publications of 2003 are presented to elucidate the possible impact on clinical routine. RECENT FINDINGS The rationale for using a new definition based on the PIRO system has been widely acknowledged, although it is not yet applicable in clinical practice. This includes genomic information for stratifying subgroups of patients, and a broader field of laboratory diagnostics due to clinical studies and basic research on the cellular mechanisms of inflammation and organ dysfunction. Early diagnosis is important for a fast implementation of specific therapies, and it has been confirmed that the time until the start of therapy has an impact on patient outcome. Thorough data analysis of successful trials with activated protein C has revealed encouraging details on long-term outcome and subgroup effects. Together with new findings on low-dose hydrocortisone, this stresses the relevance of adjunctive therapy in severe sepsis and septic shock. SUMMARY Scientific progress in areas of sepsis has been continuing throughout 2003, although the challenges are still enormous. The identification of more specific markers and new therapeutic approaches will hopefully improve the diagnosis, monitoring of therapy, and outcome in the septic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herwig Gerlach
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Vivantes--Neukoelln Clinic, Berlin, Germany.
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Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Luntang-Jensen M, Willesen J, Jensen AL. Measurement of serum interleukin-10 in the dog. Vet J 2007; 173:361-5. [PMID: 16459112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate independently the reliability of a commercially available canine serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and to investigate canine serum IL-10 concentrations in healthy dogs, in dogs with a naturally-occurring acute phase reaction and in dogs following surgical stimulus by assessing intra- and interassay imprecision, inaccuracy and detection limits. Median (and range) serum IL-10 concentrations (ng/L) in the various groups were as follows: healthy dogs (n=15), 18.9 (11.2-71.5); dogs with pyometra (n=9), 37.9 (12.4-201.8); dogs with angiostrongylosis (n=8), 20.29 (14.3-108.7) and values in dogs following surgical stimulus (n=15), 14.8 (10.7-65.8). The assay measured canine serum IL-10 reliably (intra- and interassay imprecision 4.9-8.3% and 9.9-10.9%, respectively; detection limit 10.7 ng/L with no significant inaccuracy). No significant increases in IL-10 were observed following surgical stimulus and no difference in IL-10 was observed between the diagnostic groups. IL-10 values showed a higher degree of variation in dogs with an inflammatory response, i.e. those with elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, compared to healthy dogs. As anticipated, healthy dogs had low levels of both analytes, whereas dogs with an acute phase response had IL-10 levels with no clear relationship to CRP concentrations, with observed low IL-10 values even when there was a marked inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Kjelgaard-Hansen
- Central Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 3 Gronnegaardsvej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Andersson A, Fenhammar J, Frithiof R, Sollevi A, Hjelmqvist H. Haemodynamic and metabolic effects of resuscitation with Ringer's ethyl pyruvate in the acute phase of porcine endotoxaemic shock. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2006; 50:1198-206. [PMID: 16999840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethyl pyruvate has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging properties. However, the haemodynamic effects of ethyl pyruvate have not been studied in detail. We investigated the systemic, regional and microcirculatory haemodynamic and metabolic effects of resuscitation with Ringer's ethyl pyruvate solution (REPS) vs. Ringer's acetate (RA) in an acute model of porcine endotoxaemic shock. METHODS Fourteen anaesthetized pigs received an infusion of endotoxin that was increased stepwise over 30 min to a rate of 2.5 microg/kg/h. After 60 min of endotoxaemia, the animals were resuscitated with either ethyl pyruvate 40 mg/kg, given as REPS, or the equivalent volume of RA, administered over 10 min. Thereafter, an infusion of either ethyl pyruvate 40 mg/kg/h, given as REPS, or the equivalent volume of RA, was started, and the maintenance fluid was reduced so that the total amount of fluid given was kept constant. The experiment was terminated after 300 min of endotoxaemia. RESULTS Endotoxin infusion led to a hypodynamic state that was reversed by fluid resuscitation after 60 min. Progressive deterioration ensued and, after 300 min, all animals were again hypodynamic. No differences in response to treatment were found between the groups with regard to systemic haemodynamics, renal artery or portal vein flow or microcirculatory flow in the liver, kidney, ileal serosa or mucosa. Metabolic acidosis and increased arterial blood lactate developed in both groups, but, in the REPS group, the base excess was significantly lower from 150 min and the anion gap was significantly higher at 150 and 210 min. CONCLUSION We could not demonstrate any difference between REPS and RA for resuscitation in this model of acute porcine endotoxaemic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Andersson
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Heper Y, Akalin EH, Mistik R, Akgöz S, Töre O, Göral G, Oral B, Budak F, Helvaci S. Evaluation of serum C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-10 levels as diagnostic and prognostic parameters in patients with community-acquired sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 25:481-91. [PMID: 16896829 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-006-0168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic value of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-10 levels in differentiating sepsis from severe sepsis and the prognostic value of these levels in predicting outcome were evaluated and compared in patients with community-acquired sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock in the first 72 h of admission to the hospital. Thirty-nine patients were included in the study. The severe sepsis and septic shock cases were combined in a single "severe sepsis" group, and all comparisons were made between the sepsis (n=21 patients) and the severe sepsis (n=18 patients) groups. Procalcitonin levels in the severe sepsis group were found to be significantly higher at all times of measurements within the first 72 h and were significantly higher at the 72nd hour in patients who died. Procalcitonin levels that remain elevated at the 72nd hour indicated a poor prognosis. C-reactive protein levels were not significantly different between the groups, nor were they indicative of prognosis. No significant differences in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha were found between the sepsis and severe sepsis groups; however, levels were higher at the early stages (at admission and the 24th hour) in patients who died. Interleukin-10 levels were also higher in the severe sepsis group and significantly higher at all times of measurement in patients who died. When the diagnostic and prognostic values at admission were evaluated, procalcitonin and interleukin-10 levels were useful in discriminating between sepsis and severe sepsis, whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 levels were useful in predicting which cases were likely to have a fatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Heper
- Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Uludag University, Görükle, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
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Jawa RS, Kulaylat MN, Baumann H, Dayton MT. What is new in cytokine research related to trauma/critical care. J Intensive Care Med 2006; 21:63-85. [PMID: 16537749 DOI: 10.1177/0885066605284325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are low molecular weight proteins whose production can be modified by various insults. They have the potential to modify cellular responses to these insults. Recent years have seen a plethora of research in cytokine biology in trauma and critical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randeep S Jawa
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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Schetz MR, Van den Berghe G. Do we have reliable biochemical markers to predict the outcome of critical illness? Int J Artif Organs 2006; 28:1197-210. [PMID: 16404695 DOI: 10.1177/039139880502801202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current outcome prediction in critically ill patients relies on the art of clinical judgement and/or the science of prognostication using illness severity scores. The biochemical processes underlying critical illness have increasingly been unravelled. Several biochemical markers reflecting the process of inflammation, immune dysfunction, impaired tissue oxygenation and endocrine alterations have been evaluated for their predictive power in small subpopulations of critically ill patients. However, none of these parameters has been validated in large populations of unselected ICU patients as has been done for the illness severity and organ failure scores. A simple biochemical predictor of ICU mortality will probably remain elusive because the processes underlying critical illness are very complex and heterogeneous. Future prognostic models will need to be far more sophisticated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Schetz
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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