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Calum HP, Moser C, Jensen PO, Bjarnsholt T, Givskov M, Høiby N. Early IL-2 treatment of mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia induced PMN-dominating response and reduced lung pathology. APMIS 2020; 128:647-653. [PMID: 32794206 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
IL-2 is a pro-inflammatory and a Th1 inducing cytokine, which is important for activation of the cell-mediated immunity. IL-2 in serum and sputum has been observed to be reduced in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The present IL-2 treatment study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) lung infected mice was performed in order to evaluate the effect of IL-2 supplement. One hundred-and-twenty female BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: 1) IL-2 treatment/infection (TIG), 2) non-treatment/infection (NTIG), and 3) IL-2 treatment/non-infection (TNIG). The mice were challenged intra-tracheally with PA (PAO579) embedded in seaweed alginate to resemble the biofilm mode of growth. At day 0 and 1, the treatment groups received IL-2 s.c. Mice were killed on day 1 or 2, and cytokine production, lung pathology, and quantitative lung bacteriology were estimated. IL-2 treatment of infected mice reduced the number of mice with signs of macroscopic lung pathology at day 2 (p < 0.05). The reduced macroscopic pathology was paralleled by a reduced IL-1β and TNF-α. In contrast, an increased PMN response at day 2 was observed in the IL-2 treated mice (p < 0.01). This was preceded by a significantly higher degree of microscopic inflammation at day 1 (p < 0.02). The IL-12 levels decreased in both groups of infected mice at day 2 (p < 0.01), however, significantly more in the IL-2 treated mice (p < 0.02). In accordance, but surprisingly, IFN-γ was significantly reduced in the IL-2 treated PA infected group at day 2 (p < 0.05). The present results indicate that early IL-2 treatment prolongs the PMN response but also reduces pro-inflammatory IL-1β and TNF-α and macroscopic signs of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Pierre Calum
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Ostrup Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Givskov
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Høiby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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De Simone M, Spagnuolo L, Lorè NI, Rossi G, Cigana C, De Fino I, Iraqi FA, Bragonzi A. Host genetic background influences the response to the opportunistic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection altering cell-mediated immunity and bacterial replication. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106873. [PMID: 25268734 PMCID: PMC4182038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections including pneumonia, bloodstream, urinary tract, and surgical site infections. The clinical outcome of P. aeruginosa infections may be extremely variable among individuals at risk and patients affected by cystic fibrosis. However, risk factors for P. aeruginosa infection remain largely unknown. To identify and track the host factors influencing P. aeruginosa lung infections, inbred immunocompetent mouse strains were screened in a pneumonia model system. A/J, BALB/cJ, BALB/cAnNCrl, BALB/cByJ, C3H/HeOuJ, C57BL/6J, C57BL/6NCrl, DBA/2J, and 129S2/SvPasCRL mice were infected with P. aeruginosa clinical strain and monitored for body weight and mortality up to seven days. The most deviant survival phenotypes were observed for A/J, 129S2/SvPasCRL and DBA/2J showing high susceptibility while BALB/cAnNCrl and C3H/HeOuJ showing more resistance to P. aeruginosa infection. Next, one of the most susceptible and resistant mouse strains were characterized for their deviant clinical and immunological phenotype by scoring bacterial count, cell-mediated immunity, cytokines and chemokines profile and lung pathology in an early time course. Susceptible A/J mice showed significantly higher bacterial burden, higher cytokines and chemokines levels but lower leukocyte recruitment, particularly neutrophils, when compared to C3H/HeOuJ resistant mice. Pathologic scores showed lower inflammatory severity, reduced intraluminal and interstitial inflammation extent, bronchial and parenchymal involvement and diminished alveolar damage in the lungs of A/J when compared to C3H/HeOuJ. Our findings indicate that during an early phase of infection a prompt inflammatory response in the airways set the conditions for a non-permissive environment to P. aeruginosa replication and lock the spread to other organs. Host gene(s) may have a role in the reduction of cell-mediated immunity playing a critical role in the control of P. aeruginosa infection. These results now provide a basis for mapping genomic regions underlying host susceptibility to P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura De Simone
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenza Spagnuolo
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Ivan Lorè
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Cristina Cigana
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Ida De Fino
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Fuad A. Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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Depletion of natural killer cells increases mice susceptibility in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia model. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:e441-50. [PMID: 24732238 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is a clinically relevant infection involved in pneumonia in ICUs. Understanding the type of immune response initiated by the host during pneumonia would help defining new strategies to interfere with the bacteria pathogenicity. In this setting, the role of natural killer cells remains controversial. We assessed the role of systemic natural killer cells in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa mouse pneumonia model. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING Research laboratory from a university hospital. SUBJECTS RjOrl:SWISS and BALB/cJ mice (weight, 20-24 g). INTERVENTIONS Lung injuries were assessed by bacterial load, myeloperoxidase activity, endothelial permeability (pulmonary edema), immune cell infiltrate (histological analysis), proinflammatory cytokine release, and Ly6-G immunohistochemistry. Bacterial loads were assessed in the lungs and spleen. Natural killer cell number and status were assessed in spleen (flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction). Depletion of natural killer cells was achieved through an IV anti-asialo-GM1 antibody injection. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Pseudomonas aeruginosa tracheal instillation led to an acute pneumonia with a rapid decrease of bacterial load in lungs and with an increase of endothelial permeability, proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β), and myeloperoxidase activity followed by Ly6-G positive cell infiltrate in lungs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in the spleen. Membrane markers of activation and maturation (CD69 and KLRG1 molecules) were increased in splenic natural killer cells during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Splenic natural killer cells activated upon Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection produced interferon-γ but not interleukin-10. Ultimately, mice depleted of natural killer cells displayed an increased neutrophil numbers in the lungs and an increased mortality rate without bacterial load modifications in the lungs, indicating that mice depleted of natural killer cells were much more susceptible to infection compared with control animals. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time that natural killer cells play a major role in the mice susceptibility toward a Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute pneumonia model.
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Trøstrup H, Thomsen K, Christophersen LJ, Hougen HP, Bjarnsholt T, Jensen PØ, Kirkby N, Calum H, Høiby N, Moser C. Pseudomonas aeruginosabiofilm aggravates skin inflammatory response in BALB/c mice in a novel chronic wound model. Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:292-9. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Trøstrup
- Department of Clinical Microbiology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Kim Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Lars J. Christophersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Hans P. Hougen
- Department of Forensic Medicine; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Peter Ø. Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Nikolai Kirkby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Henrik Calum
- Department of Clinical Microbiology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Niels Høiby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Claus Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen; Denmark
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Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Adib-Conquy M, Cavaillon JM. Natural killer (NK) cells in antibacterial innate immunity: angels or devils? Mol Med 2012; 18:270-85. [PMID: 22105606 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells were first described as immune leukocytes that could kill tumor cells and soon after were reported to kill virus-infected cells. In the mid-1980s, 10 years after their discovery, NK cells were also demonstrated to contribute to the fight against bacterial infection, particularly because of crosstalk with other leukocytes. A wide variety of immune cells are now recognized to interact with NK cells through the production of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18, which boost NK cell activities. The recent demonstration that NK cells express pattern recognition receptors, namely Toll-like and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, led to the understanding that these cells are not only under the control of accessory cells, but can be directly involved in the antibacterial response thanks to their capacity to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Interferon (IFN)-γ is the predominant cytokine produced by activated NK cells. IFN-γ is a key contributor to antibacterial immune defense. However, in synergy with other inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ can also lead to deleterious effects similar to those observed during sepsis. Accordingly, as the main source of IFN-γ in the early phase of infection, NK cells display both beneficial and deleterious effects, depending on the circumstances.
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ZHANG SONGDONG, YIN YANXIA, WEI QUN. Immunopotentiation on murine spleen lymphocytes induced by polysaccharide fraction ofPanax ginsengvia upregulating calcineurin activity. APMIS 2010; 118:288-96. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Borchers MT, Harris NL, Wesselkamper SC, Zhang S, Chen Y, Young L, Lau GW. The NKG2D-activating receptor mediates pulmonary clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Immun 2006; 74:2578-86. [PMID: 16622193 PMCID: PMC1459711 DOI: 10.1128/iai.74.5.2578-2586.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The NKG2D-activating receptor is expressed on cytotoxic lymphocytes and interacts with ligands expressed on the surface of cells stressed by pathogenic and nonpathogenic stimuli. In this study, we investigated the physiologic importance of NKG2D receptor-ligand interactions in response to acute pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. P. aeruginosa infection increased the expression of mouse NKG2D ligands (Rae1) in airway epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages in vivo and also increased the cell surface expression of human NKG2D ligands (ULBP2) on airway epithelial cells in vitro. NKG2D receptor blockade with a specific monoclonal antibody inhibited the pulmonary clearance of P. aeruginosa. NKG2D receptor blockade also resulted in decreased production of Th1 cytokines and nitric oxide in the lungs of P. aeruginosa-infected mice. Additionally, NKG2D receptor blockade reduced the epithelial cell sloughing that accompanies P. aeruginosa infection. Macrophage phagocytosis and bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity were not different in P. aeruginosa-infected mice with and without NKG2D receptor blockade. These results demonstrate the importance of NKG2D-mediated immune activation in the clearance of acute bacterial infection and suggest that epithelial cell-lymphocyte interactions mediate pulmonary cytokine production, epithelial cell integrity, and bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Borchers
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA.
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Boyton RJ, Smith J, Ward R, Jones M, Ozerovitch L, Wilson R, Rose M, Trowsdale J, Altmann DM. HLA-C and Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Genes in Idiopathic Bronchiectasis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173:327-33. [PMID: 16254274 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200501-124oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE In idiopathic bronchiectasis, lung inflammation and chronic bacterial infection lead to progressive lung damage. A possible role for natural killer (NK) cells is suggested by the observation that familial bronchiectasis occurs in a rare group of individuals with impaired HLA class I expression and consequent NK cell dysfunction. OBJECTIVE Because the HLA-C locus and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are of key importance for NK cell recognition, we analyzed HLA-C/KIR combinations by genotyping patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis. METHODS Genomic DNA from 96 individuals with idiopathic bronchiectasis and 101 control subjects was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. High-resolution HLA-C genotyping was performed in addition to KIR analysis. RESULTS HLA-Cw*03 alleles and, in particular, HLA-C group 1 homozygosity are associated with the presence of bronchiectasis. Analysis of the relationship between HLA-C and KIR genes suggests a shift to activatory NK cell function. CONCLUSION This is the first demonstration of genetic susceptibility in idiopathic bronchiectasis. The association with HLA-C group 1 homozygosity, and the interplay between HLA-C and KIR genes, argue for a role for NK cells in the progressive lung damage seen in this disease. This will require further investigation using functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary J Boyton
- Lung Immunology Group, Department of Biological Sciences/National Heart and Lung Institute, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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