1
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Schultz DF, Davies BA, Payne JA, Martin CP, Minard AY, Childs BG, Zhang C, Jeganathan KB, Sturmlechner I, White TA, de Bruin A, Harkema L, Chen H, Davies MA, Jachim S, LeBrasseur NK, Piper RC, Li H, Baker DJ, van Deursen J, Billadeau DD, Katzmann DJ. Loss of HD-PTP function results in lipodystrophy, defective cellular signaling and altered lipid homeostasis. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs262032. [PMID: 39155850 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.262032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP; also known as PTPN23) facilitates function of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) during multivesicular body (MVB) formation. To uncover its role in physiological homeostasis, embryonic lethality caused by a complete lack of HD-PTP was bypassed through generation of hypomorphic mice expressing reduced protein, resulting in animals that are viable into adulthood. These mice exhibited marked lipodystrophy and decreased receptor-mediated signaling within white adipose tissue (WAT), involving multiple prominent pathways including RAS/MAPK, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as EGFR. EGFR signaling was dissected in vitro to assess the nature of defective signaling, revealing decreased trans-autophosphorylation and downstream effector activation, despite normal EGF binding. This corresponds to decreased plasma membrane cholesterol and increased lysosomal cholesterol, likely resulting from defective endosomal maturation necessary for cholesterol trafficking and homeostasis. The ESCRT components Vps4 and Hrs have previously been implicated in cholesterol homeostasis; thus, these findings expand knowledge on which ESCRT subunits are involved in cholesterol homeostasis and highlight a non-canonical role for HD-PTP in signal regulation and adipose tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destiny F Schultz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Brian A Davies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Johanna A Payne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Cole P Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Annabel Y Minard
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Bennett G Childs
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Karthik B Jeganathan
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Ines Sturmlechner
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas A White
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CL, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Harkema
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CL, The Netherlands
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Division of Quantitative Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sarah Jachim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Robert C Piper
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Darren J Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Jan van Deursen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | | | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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2
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Pleskač P, Fargeas CA, Veselska R, Corbeil D, Skoda J. Emerging roles of prominin-1 (CD133) in the dynamics of plasma membrane architecture and cell signaling pathways in health and disease. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:41. [PMID: 38532366 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prominin-1 (CD133) is a cholesterol-binding membrane glycoprotein selectively associated with highly curved and prominent membrane structures. It is widely recognized as an antigenic marker of stem cells and cancer stem cells and is frequently used to isolate them from biological and clinical samples. Recent progress in understanding various aspects of CD133 biology in different cell types has revealed the involvement of CD133 in the architecture and dynamics of plasma membrane protrusions, such as microvilli and cilia, including the release of extracellular vesicles, as well as in various signaling pathways, which may be regulated in part by posttranslational modifications of CD133 and its interactions with a variety of proteins and lipids. Hence, CD133 appears to be a master regulator of cell signaling as its engagement in PI3K/Akt, Src-FAK, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/Smad and MAPK/ERK pathways may explain its broad action in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration or intercellular communication. Here, we summarize early studies on CD133, as they are essential to grasp its novel features, and describe recent evidence demonstrating that this unique molecule is involved in membrane dynamics and molecular signaling that affects various facets of tissue homeostasis and cancer development. We hope this review will provide an informative resource for future efforts to elucidate the details of CD133's molecular function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pleskač
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christine A Fargeas
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jan Skoda
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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3
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Tsurutani N, Momose F, Ogawa K, Sano K, Morikawa Y. Intracellular trafficking of HIV-1 Gag via Syntaxin 6-positive compartments/vesicles: Involvement in tumor necrosis factor secretion. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105687. [PMID: 38280430 PMCID: PMC10891346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 Gag protein is synthesized in the cytosol and is transported to the plasma membrane, where viral particle assembly and budding occur. Endosomes are alternative sites of Gag accumulation. However, the intracellular transport pathways and carriers for Gag have not been clarified. We show here that Syntaxin6 (Syx6), a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) involved in membrane fusion in post-Golgi networks, is a molecule responsible for Gag trafficking and also for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) secretion and that Gag and TNFα are cotransported via Syx6-positive compartments/vesicles. Confocal and live-cell imaging revealed that Gag colocalized and cotrafficked with Syx6, a fraction of which localizes in early and recycling endosomes. Syx6 knockdown reduced HIV-1 particle production, with Gag distributed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm. Coimmunoprecipitation and pulldown show that Gag binds to Syx6, but not its SNARE partners or their assembly complexes, suggesting that Gag preferentially binds free Syx6. The Gag matrix domain and the Syx6 SNARE domain are responsible for the interaction and cotrafficking. In immune cells, Syx6 knockdown/knockout similarly impaired HIV-1 production. Interestingly, HIV-1 infection facilitated TNFα secretion, and this enhancement did not occur in Syx6-depleted cells. Confocal and live-cell imaging revealed that TNFα and Gag partially colocalized and were cotransported via Syx6-positive compartments/vesicles. Biochemical analyses indicate that TNFα directly binds the C-terminal domain of Syx6. Altogether, our data provide evidence that both Gag and TNFα make use of Syx6-mediated trafficking machinery and suggest that Gag expression does not inhibit but rather facilitates TNFα secretion in HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Tsurutani
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Momose
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Ogawa
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouichi Sano
- Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Chen X, Perry S, Wang B, Wang S, Hu J, Loxterkamp E, Dickman D, Han C. Tissue-specific knockout in Drosophila neuromuscular system reveals ESCRT's role in formation of synapse-derived extracellular vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.25.559303. [PMID: 37808853 PMCID: PMC10557614 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific gene knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful approach for characterizing gene functions in animal development. However, this approach has been successfully applied in only a small number of Drosophila tissues. The Drosophila motor nervous system is an excellent model system for studying the biology of neuromuscular junction (NMJ). To expand tissue-specific CRISPR to the Drosophila motor system, here we present a CRISPR-mediated tissue-restricted mutagenesis (CRISPR-TRiM) toolkit for knocking out genes in motoneurons, muscles, and glial cells. We validated the efficacy of this toolkit by knocking out known genes in each tissue, demonstrated its orthogonal use with the Gal4/UAS binary expression system, and showed simultaneous knockout of multiple redundant genes. Using these tools, we discovered an essential role for SNARE pathways in NMJ maintenance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the canonical ESCRT pathway suppresses NMJ bouton growth by downregulating the retrograde Gbb signaling. Lastly, we found that axon termini of motoneurons rely on ESCRT-mediated intra-axonal membrane trafficking to lease extracellular vesicles at the NMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Chen
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sarah Perry
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Bei Wang
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shuran Wang
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jiayi Hu
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Elizabeth Loxterkamp
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Dion Dickman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Chun Han
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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5
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Kim E, Cho H, Lee G, Baek H, Lee IY, Choi EJ. TSG101 Physically Interacts with Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex (LUBAC) and Upregulates the TNFα-Induced NF-κB Activation. Mol Cells 2023; 46:430-440. [PMID: 37431163 PMCID: PMC10336271 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex composed of HOIP, HOIL-1L, and SHARPIN that catalyzes the formation of linear/M1- linked ubiquitin chain. It has been shown to play a pivotal role in the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling induced by proinflammatory stimuli. Here, we found that tumor susceptibility gene (TSG101) physically interacts with HOIP, a catalytic component of LUBAC, and potentiates LUBAC activity. Depletion of TSG101 expression by RNA interference decreased TNFα-induced linear ubiquitination and the formation of TNFα receptor 1 signaling complex (TNFRSC). Furthermore, TSG101 facilitated the TNFα-induced stimulation of the NF-κB pathway. Thus, we suggest that TSG101 functions as a positive modulator of HOIP that mediates TNFα-induced NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Kim
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Human Diseases, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyunchu Cho
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Human Diseases, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Gaeul Lee
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Human Diseases, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Heawon Baek
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Human Diseases, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - In Young Lee
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Human Diseases, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Choi
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Human Diseases, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- GNT Science & Technology Center for Health, GNT Pharma Co., Ltd., Yongin 17096, Korea
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6
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Sontag EM, Morales-Polanco F, Chen JH, McDermott G, Dolan PT, Gestaut D, Le Gros MA, Larabell C, Frydman J. Nuclear and cytoplasmic spatial protein quality control is coordinated by nuclear-vacuolar junctions and perinuclear ESCRT. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:699-713. [PMID: 37081164 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Effective protein quality control (PQC), essential for cellular health, relies on spatial sequestration of misfolded proteins into defined inclusions. Here we reveal the coordination of nuclear and cytoplasmic spatial PQC. Cytoplasmic misfolded proteins concentrate in a cytoplasmic juxtanuclear quality control compartment, while nuclear misfolded proteins sequester into an intranuclear quality control compartment (INQ). Particle tracking reveals that INQ and the juxtanuclear quality control compartment converge to face each other across the nuclear envelope at a site proximal to the nuclear-vacuolar junction marked by perinuclear ESCRT-II/III protein Chm7. Strikingly, convergence at nuclear-vacuolar junction contacts facilitates VPS4-dependent vacuolar clearance of misfolded cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins, the latter entailing extrusion of nuclear INQ into the vacuole. Finding that nuclear-vacuolar contact sites are cellular hubs of spatial PQC to facilitate vacuolar clearance of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions highlights the role of cellular architecture in proteostasis maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Sontag
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | | | - Jian-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gerry McDermott
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick T Dolan
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Quantitative Virology and Evolution Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Gestaut
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Le Gros
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn Larabell
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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7
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Adisornkanj P, Chanprasit R, Eliason S, Fons JM, Intachai W, Tongsima S, Olsen B, Arold ST, Ngamphiw C, Amendt BA, Tucker AS, Kantaputra P. Genetic Variants in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 23 Are Responsible for Mesiodens Formation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:393. [PMID: 36979085 PMCID: PMC10045488 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
A mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth located in the midline of the premaxilla. To investigate the genetic cause of mesiodens, clinical and radiographic examination were performed on 23 family members of a two-generation Hmong family. Whole exome sequencing (WES) or Sanger sequencing were performed in 22 family members and two unrelated Thai patients with mesiodens. WES in the Hmong family revealed a missense mutation (c.1807G>A;p.Glu603Lys) in PTPN23 in seven affected members and six unaffected members. The mode of inheritance was autosomal dominance with incomplete penetrance (53.84%). Two additional mutations in PTPN23, c.2248C>G;p.Pro750Ala and c.3298C>T;p.Arg1100Cys were identified in two unrelated patients with mesiodens. PTPN23 is a regulator of endosomal trafficking functioning to move activated membrane receptors, such as EGFR, from the endosomal sorting complex towards the ESCRT-III complex for multivesicular body biogenesis, lysosomal degradation, and subsequent downregulation of receptor signaling. Immunohistochemical study and RNAscope on developing mouse embryos showed broad expression of PTPN23 in oral tissues, while immunofluorescence showed that EGFR was specifically concentrated in the midline epithelium. Importantly, PTPN23 mutant protein was shown to have reduced phosphatase activity. In conclusion, mesiodens were associated with genetic variants in PTPN23, suggesting that mesiodens may form due to defects in endosomal trafficking, leading to disrupted midline signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ploy Adisornkanj
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Rajit Chanprasit
- Dental Department, Wiang Kaen Hospital, Wiang Kaen, Chiang Rai 57310, Thailand
| | - Steven Eliason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Juan M. Fons
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, Floor 27 Guy’ Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Worrachet Intachai
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Bjorn Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Structural Biology, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, National Centre for Scientific Research, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Chumpol Ngamphiw
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Brad A. Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, Floor 27 Guy’ Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Piranit Kantaputra
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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8
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Yeung CLS, Yam JWP. Therapy-induced modulation of extracellular vesicles in hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1088-1101. [PMID: 35158067 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite rapid development of anti-tumorigenic treatments, the clinical outcome for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still far from satisfactory. With a deeper understanding about tumor microenvironment (TME), the critical role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as intercellular liaison has come into spotlight. The dynamic functionality of these nanoparticles revealed cancer cells can employ both tumor and non-tumorous components for their own benefit, so as to mediate cell-to-cell communication and interchange of oncogenic biomolecules. Increasing studies on HCC-derived EVs have identified various irregulated biomolecules, that may serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. In this review, we first introduce the current knowledge about EVs and how they operate to maintain a healthy liver microenvironment. We then summarize some of the aberrant observations reported on HCC-derived EVs and how they contribute to HCC pathogenesis. Finally, we describe how current treatments for HCC alter behavior of EVs, which may shed light for potential prognostic markers and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherlie Lot Sum Yeung
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research (The University of Hong Kong), Hong Kong.
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9
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Khan I, Gril B, Hoshino A, Yang HH, Lee MP, Difilippantonio S, Lyden DC, Steeg PS. Metastasis suppressor NME1 in exosomes or liposomes conveys motility and migration inhibition in breast cancer model systems. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:815-831. [PMID: 35939247 PMCID: PMC10642714 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes have documented roles in accelerating the initiation and outgrowth of metastases, as well as in therapy resistance. Little information supports the converse, that exosomes or similar vesicles can suppress metastasis. We investigated the NME1 (Nm23-H1) metastasis suppressor as a candidate for metastasis suppression by extracellular vesicles. Exosomes derived from two cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231T and MDA-MB-435), when transfected with the NME1 (Nm23-H1) metastasis suppressor, secreted exosomes with NME1 as the predominant constituent. These exosomes entered recipient tumor cells, altered their endocytic patterns in agreement with NME1 function, and suppressed in vitro tumor cell motility and migration compared to exosomes from control transfectants. Proteomic analysis of exosomes revealed multiple differentially expressed proteins that could exert biological functions. Therefore, we also prepared and investigated liposomes, empty or containing partially purified rNME1. rNME1 containing liposomes recapitulated the effects of exosomes from NME1 transfectants in vitro. In an experimental lung metastasis assay the median lung metastases per histologic section was 158 using control liposomes and 15 in the rNME1 liposome group, 90.5% lower than the control liposome group (P = 0.016). The data expand the exosome/liposome field to include metastasis suppressive functions and describe a new translational approach to prevent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 37, Convent Drive, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Brunilde Gril
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 37, Convent Drive, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ayuko Hoshino
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Howard H Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Maxwell P Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - David C Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 37, Convent Drive, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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10
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Tufan AB, Lazarow K, Kolesnichenko M, Sporbert A, von Kries JP, Scheidereit C. TSG101 associates with PARP1 and is essential for PARylation and DNA damage-induced NF-κB activation. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110372. [PMID: 36124865 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In a genome-wide screening for components of the dsDNA-break-induced IKK-NF-κB pathway, we identified scores of regulators, including tumor susceptibility gene TSG101. TSG101 is essential for DNA damage-induced formation of cellular poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). TSG101 binds to PARP1 and is required for PARP1 activation. This function of TSG101 is independent of its role in the ESCRT-I endosomal sorting complex. In the absence of TSG101, the PAR-dependent formation of a nuclear PARP1-IKKγ signalosome, which triggers IKK activation, is impaired. According to its requirement for PARP1 and NF-κB activation, TSG101-deficient cells are defective in DNA repair and apoptosis protection. Loss of TSG101 results in PARP1 trapping at damage sites and mimics the effect of pharmacological PARP inhibition. We also show that the loss of TSG101 in connection with inactivated tumor suppressors BRCA1/2 in breast cancer cells is lethal. Our results imply TSG101 as a therapeutic target to achieve synthetic lethality in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Buğra Tufan
- Laboratory for Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katina Lazarow
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Kolesnichenko
- Laboratory for Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anje Sporbert
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Advanced Light Microscopy Technology Platform, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Claus Scheidereit
- Laboratory for Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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11
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Hatano T, Palani S, Papatziamou D, Salzer R, Souza DP, Tamarit D, Makwana M, Potter A, Haig A, Xu W, Townsend D, Rochester D, Bellini D, Hussain HMA, Ettema TJG, Löwe J, Baum B, Robinson NP, Balasubramanian M. Asgard archaea shed light on the evolutionary origins of the eukaryotic ubiquitin-ESCRT machinery. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3398. [PMID: 35697693 PMCID: PMC9192718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ESCRT machinery, comprising of multiple proteins and subcomplexes, is crucial for membrane remodelling in eukaryotic cells, in processes that include ubiquitin-mediated multivesicular body formation, membrane repair, cytokinetic abscission, and virus exit from host cells. This ESCRT system appears to have simpler, ancient origins, since many archaeal species possess homologues of ESCRT-III and Vps4, the components that execute the final membrane scission reaction, where they have been shown to play roles in cytokinesis, extracellular vesicle formation and viral egress. Remarkably, metagenome assemblies of Asgard archaea, the closest known living relatives of eukaryotes, were recently shown to encode homologues of the entire cascade involved in ubiquitin-mediated membrane remodelling, including ubiquitin itself, components of the ESCRT-I and ESCRT-II subcomplexes, and ESCRT-III and Vps4. Here, we explore the phylogeny, structure, and biochemistry of Asgard homologues of the ESCRT machinery and the associated ubiquitylation system. We provide evidence for the ESCRT-I and ESCRT-II subcomplexes being involved in ubiquitin-directed recruitment of ESCRT-III, as it is in eukaryotes. Taken together, our analyses suggest a pre-eukaryotic origin for the ubiquitin-coupled ESCRT system and a likely path of ESCRT evolution via a series of gene duplication and diversification events.
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Grants
- MC_U105184326 Medical Research Council
- MC_UP_1201/27 Medical Research Council
- 203276/Z/16/Z Wellcome Trust
- Wellcome Trust
- WT101885MA Wellcome Trust
- Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)
- Leverhulme Trust
- Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Swedish Research Council Formas)
- Above funding attributed to the authors as follows (from paper acknowledgements): Computational analysis was facilitated by resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at the Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science (UPPMAX), partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement no. 2018-05973. We thank the Warwick Proteomics RTP for mass spectrometry. MKB was supported by the Wellcome Trust (WT101885MA) and the European Research Council (ERC-2014-ADG No. 671083). Work by the NR laboratory was supported by start-up funds from the Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences (BLS, Lancaster University) and a Leverhulme Research Project Grant (RPG-2019-297). NR would like to thank Johanna Syrjanen for performing trial expressions of the Odinarchaeota ESCRT proteins, and Joseph Maman for helpful discussion regarding the SEC-MALS. NR, WX and AP would like to thank Charley Lai and Siu-Kei Yau for assistance with initial Odinarchaeota ESCRT protein purifications. DPS and BB would like to thank Chris Johnson at the MRC LMB Biophysics facility for performing the SEC-MALS assay on Heimdallarchaeotal Vps22. TH, HH, MB, RS, JL, D Tamarit, TE, DPS and BB received support from a Wellcome Trust collaborative award (203276/Z/16/Z). BB and DPS were supported by the MRC. D Tamarit was supported by the Swedish Research Council (International Postdoc grant 2018-06609).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Hatano
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Saravanan Palani
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dimitra Papatziamou
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Ralf Salzer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Diorge P Souza
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Daniel Tamarit
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mehul Makwana
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Antonia Potter
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Alexandra Haig
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Wenjue Xu
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - David Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - David Rochester
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Dom Bellini
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Hamdi M A Hussain
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Thijs J G Ettema
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Löwe
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Buzz Baum
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Nicholas P Robinson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK.
| | - Mohan Balasubramanian
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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12
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Hinzman CP, Singh B, Bansal S, Li Y, Iliuk A, Girgis M, Herremans KM, Trevino JG, Singh VK, Banerjee PP, Cheema AK. A multi-omics approach identifies pancreatic cancer cell extracellular vesicles as mediators of the unfolded protein response in normal pancreatic epithelial cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12232. [PMID: 35656858 PMCID: PMC9164146 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (cEVs) are thought to play a pivotal role in promoting cancer progression events, their precise effect on neighbouring normal cells is unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of pancreatic cancer ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) derived EVs on recipient non-tumourigenic pancreatic normal epithelial cells upon internalization. We demonstrate that cEVs are readily internalized and induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in treated normal pancreatic epithelial cells within 24 h. We further show that PDAC cEVs increase cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and that these changes are regulated at least in part, by the UPR mediator DDIT3. Subsequently, these cells release several inflammatory cytokines. Leveraging a layered multi-omics approach, we analysed EV cargo from a panel of six PDAC and two normal pancreas cell lines, using multiple EV isolation methods. We found that cEVs were enriched for an array of biomolecules which can induce or regulate ER stress and the UPR, including palmitic acid, sphingomyelins, metabolic regulators of tRNA charging and proteins which regulate trafficking and degradation. We further show that palmitic acid, at doses relevant to those found in cEVs, is sufficient to induce ER stress in normal pancreas cells. These results suggest that cEV cargo packaging may be designed to disseminate proliferative and invasive characteristics upon internalization by distant recipient normal cells, hitherto unreported. This study is among the first to highlight a major role for PDAC cEVs to induce stress in treated normal pancreas cells that may modulate a systemic response leading to altered phenotypes. These findings highlight the importance of EVs in mediating disease aetiology and open potential areas of investigation toward understanding the role of cEV lipids in promoting cell transformation in the surrounding microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P. Hinzman
- Department of BiochemistryMolecular and Cellular BiologyGeorgetown University Medical CentreWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Baldev Singh
- Department of OncologyLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CentreWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Shivani Bansal
- Department of OncologyLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CentreWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Yaoxiang Li
- Department of OncologyLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CentreWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Anton Iliuk
- Tymora Analytical OperationsWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Michael Girgis
- Department of OncologyLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CentreWashingtonDCUSA
| | | | - Jose G. Trevino
- Division of Surgical OncologyVCU Massey Cancer CentreRichmondVAUSA
| | - Vijay K. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsSchool of MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research InstituteUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Partha P. Banerjee
- Department of BiochemistryMolecular and Cellular BiologyGeorgetown University Medical CentreWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Amrita K. Cheema
- Department of BiochemistryMolecular and Cellular BiologyGeorgetown University Medical CentreWashingtonDCUSA
- Department of OncologyLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CentreWashingtonDCUSA
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13
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PPRV-Induced Autophagy Facilitates Infectious Virus Transmission by the Exosomal Pathway. J Virol 2022; 96:e0024422. [PMID: 35319226 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00244-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is an important pathogen that seriously influences the productivity of small ruminants worldwide. We showed previously that PPRV induced sustained autophagy for their replication in host cells. Many studies have shown that exosomes released from virus-infected cells contain a variety of viral and host cellular factors that are able to modulate the recipient's cellular response and result in productive infection of the recipient host. Here, we show that PPRV infection results in packaging of the viral genomic RNA and partial viral proteins into exosomes of Vero cells and upregulates exosome secretion. We provide evidence showing that the exosomal viral cargo can be transferred to and establish productive infection in a new target cell. Importantly, our study reveals that PPRV-induced autophagy enhances exosome secretion and exosome-mediated virus transmission. Additionally, our data show that TSG101 may be involved in the sorting of the infectious PPRV RNA into exosomes to facilitate the release of PPRV through the exosomal pathway. Taken together, our results suggest a novel mechanism involving autophagy and exosome-mediated PPRV intercellular transmission. IMPORTANCE Autophagy plays an important role in PPRV pathogenesis. The role of exosomes in viral infections is beginning to be appreciated. The present study examined the role of autophagy in secretion of infectious PPRV from Vero cells. Our data provided the first direct evidence that ATG7-mediated autophagy enhances exosome secretion and exosome-mediated PPRV transmission. TSG101 may be involved in the sorting of the infectious PPRV RNA genomes into exosomes to facilitate the release of PPRV through the exosomal pathway. Inhibition of PPRV-induced autophagy or TSG101 expression could be used as a strategy to block exosome-mediated virus transmission.
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14
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Bhattacharyya S. Mechanisms of Immune Evasion by Ebola Virus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1313:15-22. [PMID: 34661889 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67452-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The 2013-2016 Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa, which also spread to the USA, UK and Europe, was the largest reported outbreak till date (World Health Organization. 2016. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/208883/ebolasitrep_10Jun2016_eng.pdf;jsessionid=8B7D74BC9D82D2BE1B110BAFFAD3A6E6?sequence=1 ). The recent Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has raised immense global concern on this severe and often fatal infection. Although sporadic, the severity and lethality of Ebola virus disease outbreaks has led to extensive research worldwide on this virus. Vaccine (World Health Organization. 2016. https://www.who.int/en/news-room/detail/23-12-2016-final-trial-results-confirm-ebola-vaccine-provides-high-protection-against-disease ; Henao-Restrepo et al. Lancet 389:505-518, 2017) and drug (Hayden. Nature, 557, 475-476, 2018; Dyall et al. J Infect Dis 218(suppl_5), S672-S678, 2018) development efforts against Ebola virus are research hotspots, and a few approved therapeutics are currently available (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/clinicians/vaccine/index.html; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/treatment/index.html). Ebola virus has evolved several mechanisms of host immune evasion, which facilitate its replication and pathogenesis. This chapter describes the Ebola virus morphology, genome, entry, replication, pathogenesis and viral proteins involved in host immune evasion. Further understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of immune evasion may facilitate development of additional novel and sustainable strategies against this deadly virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchita Bhattacharyya
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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15
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Sipieter F, Cappe B, Leray A, De Schutter E, Bridelance J, Hulpiau P, Van Camp G, Declercq W, Héliot L, Vincent P, Vandenabeele P, Riquet FB. Characteristic ERK1/2 signaling dynamics distinguishes necroptosis from apoptosis. iScience 2021; 24:103074. [PMID: 34568795 PMCID: PMC8449238 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ERK1/2 involvement in cell death remains unclear, although many studies have demonstrated the importance of ERK1/2 dynamics in determining cellular responses. To untangle how ERK1/2 contributes to two cell death programs, we investigated ERK1/2 signaling dynamics during hFasL-induced apoptosis and TNF-induced necroptosis in L929 cells. We observed that ERK1/2 inhibition sensitizes cells to apoptosis while delaying necroptosis. By monitoring ERK1/2 activity by live-cell imaging using an improved ERK1/2 biosensor (EKAR4.0), we reported differential ERK1/2 signaling dynamics between cell survival, apoptosis, and necroptosis. We also decrypted a temporally shifted amplitude- and frequency-modulated (AM/FM) ERK1/2 activity profile in necroptosis versus apoptosis. ERK1/2 inhibition, which disrupted ERK1/2 signaling dynamics, prevented TNF and IL-6 gene expression increase during TNF-induced necroptosis. Using an inducible cell line for activated MLKL, the final executioner of necroptosis, we showed ERK1/2 and its distinctive necroptotic ERK1/2 activity dynamics to be positioned downstream of MLKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Sipieter
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Cappe
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aymeric Leray
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot De Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Elke De Schutter
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, Edegem, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jolien Bridelance
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paco Hulpiau
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine (DaMBi), VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, Edegem, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Declercq
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurent Héliot
- Team Biophotonique Cellulaire Fonctionnelle, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules (PhLAM), CNRS UMR 8523, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Pierre Vincent
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Neurobiology of Adaptative Processes, UMR8256, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Franck B Riquet
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Université de Lille, Lille, France
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16
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Charles Jacob HK, Charles Richard JL, Signorelli R, Kashuv T, Lavania S, Vaish U, Boopathy R, Middleton A, Boone MM, Sundaram R, Dudeja V, Saluja AK. Modulation of Early Neutrophil Granulation: The Circulating Tumor Cell-Extravesicular Connection in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112727. [PMID: 34072942 PMCID: PMC8198339 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) found in the blood of pancreatic cancer patients show a worse prognosis to therapy if they are seen in clusters of cells with neutrophils or platelets or with other cell types than when they are seen as singlets. We wanted to investigate if there is a secondary mode of communication between the CTCs and neutrophils that causes them to associate. We describe for the first time an extravesicular (EV) mediated communication between CTCs and neutrophils that modulates early transcriptome changes that can cause neutrophils to partially degranulate and form associations. We also identify the protein cargo carried in such EVs and how when added to naïve neutrophils, they can modulate transcriptomic changes in neutrophils partially disarming them to form clusters rather than undergo specialized cell death, which is characterized by release of condensed chromatin (NETs) and granular contents termed as NETosis. Abstract Tumor cells dissociate from the primary site and enter into systemic circulation (circulating tumor cells, CTCs) either alone or as tumor microemboli (clusters); the latter having an increased predisposition towards forming distal metastases than single CTCs. The formation of clusters is, in part, created by contacts between cell–cell junction proteins and/or cytokine receptor pairs with other cells such as neutrophils, platelets, fibroblasts, etc. In the present study, we provide evidence for an extravesicular (EV) mode of communication between pancreatic cancer CTCs and neutrophils. Our results suggest that the EV proteome of CTCs contain signaling proteins that can modulate degranulation and granule mobilization in neutrophils and, also, contain tissue plasminogen activator and other proteins that can regulate cluster formation. By exposing naïve neutrophils to EVs isolated from CTCs, we further show how these changes are modulated in a dynamic fashion indicating evidence for a deeper EV based remodulatory effect on companion cells in clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrys Kishore Charles Jacob
- Departments of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.K.C.J.); (S.L.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (V.D.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - John Lalith Charles Richard
- School of Biosciences, Engineering and Technology (SBET), VIT Bhopal University, Madhya Pradesh 466114, India;
| | | | - Tyler Kashuv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA;
| | - Shweta Lavania
- Departments of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.K.C.J.); (S.L.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (V.D.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Utpreksha Vaish
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Ranjitha Boopathy
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201304, India;
| | - Ashley Middleton
- Departments of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.K.C.J.); (S.L.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (V.D.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Ramakrishnan Sundaram
- Departments of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.K.C.J.); (S.L.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (V.D.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Departments of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.K.C.J.); (S.L.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (V.D.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201304, India;
| | - Ashok Kumar Saluja
- Departments of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (H.K.C.J.); (S.L.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (V.D.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-305-243-2703
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17
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White JT, Rives J, Tharp ME, Wrabl JO, Thompson EB, Hilser VJ. Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 Regulates the Glucocorticoid Receptor through Disorder-Mediated Allostery. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1647-1657. [PMID: 34009973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) is involved in endosomal maturation and has been implicated in the transcriptional regulation of several steroid hormone receptors, although a detailed characterization of such regulation has yet to be conducted. Here we directly measure binding of TSG101 to one steroid hormone receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Using biophysical and cellular assays, we show that the coiled-coil domain of TSG101 (1) binds and folds the disordered N-terminal domain of the GR, (2) upon binding improves the DNA binding of the GR in vitro, and (3) enhances the transcriptional activity of the GR in vivo. Our findings suggest that TSG101 is a bona fide transcriptional co-regulator of the GR and reveal how the underlying thermodynamics affect the function of the GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T White
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - James Rives
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Marla E Tharp
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - James O Wrabl
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - E Brad Thompson
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Vincent J Hilser
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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18
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The Interplay between ESCRT and Viral Factors in the Enveloped Virus Life Cycle. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020324. [PMID: 33672541 PMCID: PMC7923801 DOI: 10.3390/v13020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligate parasites that rely on host cellular factors to replicate and spread. The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) system, which is classically associated with sorting and downgrading surface proteins, is one of the host machineries hijacked by viruses across diverse families. Knowledge gained from research into ESCRT and viruses has, in turn, greatly advanced our understanding of many other cellular functions in which the ESCRT pathway is involved, e.g., cytokinesis. This review highlights the interplay between the ESCRT pathway and the viral factors of enveloped viruses with a special emphasis on retroviruses.
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Meng W, He C, Hao Y, Wang L, Li L, Zhu G. Prospects and challenges of extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery system: considering cell source. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:585-598. [PMID: 32264719 PMCID: PMC7178886 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1748758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are nanosized membrane vesicles derived from most cell types. Carrying diverse biomolecules from their parent cells, EVs are important mediators of intercellular communication and thus play significant roles in physiological and pathological processes. Owing to their natural biogenesis process, EVs are generated with high biocompatibility, enhanced stability, and limited immunogenicity, which provide multiple advantages as drug delivery systems (DDSs) over traditional synthetic delivery vehicles. EVs have been reported to be used for the delivery of siRNAs, miRNAs, protein, small molecule drugs, nanoparticles, and CRISPR/Cas9 in the treatment of various diseases. As a natural drug delivery vectors, EVs can penetrate into the tissues and be bioengineered to enhance the targetability. Although EVs' characteristics make them ideal for drug delivery, EV-based drug delivery remains challenging, due to lack of standardized isolation and purification methods, limited drug loading efficiency, and insufficient clinical grade production. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the application of EVs as DDS from the perspective of different cell origin and weighted the advantages and bottlenecks of EV-based DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrong Meng
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chanshi He
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yaying Hao
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Guiquan Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
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Wang C, Wang Y, Chang X, Ba X, Hu N, Liu Q, Fang L, Wang Z. Melanoma-Derived Exosomes Endow Fibroblasts with an Invasive Potential via miR-21 Target Signaling Pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:12965-12974. [PMID: 33364842 PMCID: PMC7751322 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s273718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-derived exosomes are messengers that participate in tumor progression. Fibroblasts are associated with the metastasis of cancer depending on their cellular plasticity. We hypothesize that tumor-derived exosomes endow the fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment with invasive phenotype to the benefit of tumor metastasis. Materials and Methods Exosomes derived from B16-F10 cells were identified by nanoparticle tracking analyzer (NTA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Western blot (WB), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cell invasion and migration assays were performed using the xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer (RTCA). Role of tumor-derived exosomal miR-21 in cell invasion was determined by qPCR. Results The invasion analysis showed that exosome-treated fibroblast cells had greater invasive capability as compared to untreated fibroblast cells, with the higher expressions of MMP2 and MMP9. miR-21 is at least partially responsible for this effect. After ingestion of melanoma-derived exosomes during incubation, mouse embryonic fibroblasts cells emerged cellular invasiveness with the presentation of a marked increase in miR-21 expression. MiR-21 promoted invasion of fibroblasts by down-regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) expression and increasing of matrix metalloprotein (MMP) expression in fibroblast cells via melanoma-derived exosomes in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion Our results suggest that tumor-derived exosomes may facilitate stromal fibroblasts an aggressive phenotype to equip the tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmeiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Medicine, Chongqing 401121, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Medicine, Chongqing 401121, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Medicine, Chongqing 401121, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Ba
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Medicine, Chongqing 401121, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Medicine, Chongqing 401121, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Medicine, Chongqing 401121, People's Republic of China
| | - Liaoqiong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Medicine, Chongqing 401121, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Medicine, Chongqing 401121, People's Republic of China
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21
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Lou L, Yu F, Tian M, Liu G, Wu Y, Wu Y, Xia R, Pardo JM, Guo Y, Xie Q. ESCRT-I Component VPS23A Sustains Salt Tolerance by Strengthening the SOS Module in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1134-1148. [PMID: 32439321 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Salt-Overly-Sensitive (SOS) signaling module, comprising the sodium-transport protein SOS1 and the regulatory proteins SOS2 and SOS3, is well known as the central salt excretion system, which helps protect plants against salt stress. Here we report that VPS23A, a component of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport), plays an essential role in the function of the SOS module in conferring plant salt tolerance. VPS23A enhances the interaction of SOS2 and SOS3. In the presence of salt stress, VPS23A positively regulates the redistribution of SOS2 to the plasma membrane, which then activates the antiporter activity of SOS1 to reduce Na+ accumulation in plant cells. Genetic evidence demonstrated that plant salt tolerance achieved by the overexpression of SOS2 and SOS3 dependeds on VPS23A. Taken together, our results revealed that VPS23A is a crucial regulator of the SOS module and affects the localization of SOS2 to the cell membrane. Moreover, the strong salt tolerance of Arabidopsis seedlings conferred by the engineered membrane-bound SOS2 revealed the significance of SOS2 sorting to the cell membrane in achieving its function, providing a potential strategy for crop salt tolerance engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 P. R. China.
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yaorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yujiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ran Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Jose M Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
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Jella KK, Nasti TH, Li Z, Lawson DH, Switchenko JM, Ahmed R, Dynan WS, Khan MK. Exosome-Containing Preparations From Postirradiated Mouse Melanoma Cells Delay Melanoma Growth In Vivo by a Natural Killer Cell-Dependent Mechanism. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 108:104-114. [PMID: 32561502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the ability of radiation to stimulate exosome release from melanoma cells and to characterize the resulting exosome-containing vesicle preparations for their ability to promote a host antitumor immune response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultured B16F10 murine melanoma cells or tumors were irradiated, and secreted extracellular vesicles were isolated and characterized. The exosome-containing vesicle preparations were injected into fresh tumors in syngeneic mice, and tumor growth and infiltrating T cells and natural killer (NK) cells were characterized. RESULTS Irradiation stimulated exosome release from B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Exosome preparations from irradiated cell culture supernatants were biologically active, as demonstrated by uptake into recipient cells and by the ability to induce dendritic cell maturation and activation in vitro. Intratumoral injection significantly delayed tumor growth in vivo, whereas injection of similar preparations from non irradiated cells had no effect. The antitumor effect was correlated to an increase in interferon gamma-producing tumor-infiltrating NK cells. Pretreatment of the host mice with anti-NK cell antibodies abolished the effect, whereas pretreatment with anti-CD8+ T-cell antibodies did not. CONCLUSION Exosomes from irradiated cells, or synthetic mimics, might provide an effective strategy for potentiation of NK cell-mediated host antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Kumar Jella
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tahseen H Nasti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhentian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David H Lawson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey M Switchenko
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William S Dynan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mohammad K Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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23
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Hoban K, Lux SY, Poprawski J, Zhang Y, Shepherdson J, Castiñeira PG, Pesari S, Yao T, Prosser DC, Norris C, Wendland B. ESCRT-dependent protein sorting is required for the viability of yeast clathrin-mediated endocytosis mutants. Traffic 2020; 21:430-450. [PMID: 32255230 PMCID: PMC11376963 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis regulates many processes, including signaling pathways, nutrient uptake, and protein turnover. During clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), adaptors bind to cytoplasmic regions of transmembrane cargo proteins, and many endocytic adaptors are also directly involved in the recruitment of clathrin. This clathrin-associated sorting protein family includes the yeast epsins, Ent1/2, and AP180/PICALM homologs, Yap1801/2. Mutant strains lacking these four adaptors, but expressing an epsin N-terminal homology (ENTH) domain necessary for viability (4Δ+ENTH), exhibit endocytic defects, such as cargo accumulation at the plasma membrane (PM). This CME-deficient strain provides a sensitized background ideal for revealing cellular components that interact with clathrin adaptors. We performed a mutagenic screen to identify alleles that are lethal in 4Δ+ENTH cells using a colony-sectoring reporter assay. After isolating candidate synthetic lethal genes by complementation, we confirmed that mutations in VPS4 led to inviability of a 4Δ+ENTH strain. Vps4 mediates the final step of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent trafficking, and we found that multiple ESCRTs are also essential in 4Δ+ENTH cells, including Snf7, Snf8 and Vps36. Deletion of VPS4 from an end3Δ strain, another CME mutant, similarly resulted in inviability, and upregulation of a clathrin-independent endocytosis pathway rescued 4Δ+ENTH vps4Δ cells. Loss of Vps4 from an otherwise wild-type background caused multiple cargoes to accumulate at the PM because of an increase in Rcy1-dependent recycling of internalized protein to the cell surface. Additionally, vps4Δ rcy1Δ mutants exhibited deleterious growth phenotypes. Together, our findings reveal previously unappreciated effects of disrupted ESCRT-dependent trafficking on endocytic recycling and the PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Hoban
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samantha Y Lux
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joanna Poprawski
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yorke Zhang
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Shepherdson
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pedro G Castiñeira
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sanjana Pesari
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tony Yao
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Derek C Prosser
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Carolyn Norris
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Beverly Wendland
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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24
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The Multifaceted Roles of the Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 (TSG101) in Normal Development and Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020450. [PMID: 32075127 PMCID: PMC7073217 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multidomain protein encoded by the Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 (TSG101) is ubiquitously expressed and is suggested to function in diverse intracellular processes. In this review, we provide a succinct overview of the main structural features of the protein and their suggested roles in molecular and cellular functions. We then summarize, in more detail, key findings from studies using genetically engineered animal models that demonstrate essential functions of TSG101 in cell proliferation and survival, normal tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis. Despite studies on cell lines that provide insight into the molecular underpinnings by which TSG101 might function as a negative growth regulator, a biologically significant role of TSG101 as a tumor suppressor has yet to be confirmed using genuine in vivo cancer models. More recent observations from several cancer research teams suggest that TSG101 might function as an oncoprotein. A potential role of post-translational mechanisms that control the expression of the TSG101 protein in cancer is being discussed. In the final section of the review, we summarize critical issues that need to be addressed to gain a better understanding of biologically significant roles of TSG101 in cancer.
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25
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Elia LP, Reisine T, Alijagic A, Finkbeiner S. Approaches to develop therapeutics to treat frontotemporal dementia. Neuropharmacology 2020; 166:107948. [PMID: 31962288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) is a complex disease presenting as a spectrum of clinical disorders with progressive degeneration of frontal and temporal brain cortices and extensive neuroinflammation that result in personality and behavior changes, and eventually, death. There are currently no effective therapies for FTD. While 60-70% of FTD patients are sporadic cases, the other 30-40% are heritable (familial) cases linked to mutations in several known genes. We focus here on FTD caused by mutations in the GRN gene, which encodes a secreted protein, progranulin (PGRN), that has diverse roles in regulating cell survival, immune responses, and autophagy and lysosome function in the brain. FTD-linked mutations in GRN reduce brain PGRN levels that lead to autophagy and lysosome dysfunction, TDP43 accumulation, excessive microglial activation, astrogliosis, and neuron death through still poorly understood mechanisms. PGRN insufficiency has also been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), and so the development of therapeutics for GRN-linked FTD that restore PGRN levels and function may have broader application for other neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on a strategy to increase PGRN to functional, healthy levels in the brain by identifying novel genetic and chemical modulators of neuronal PGRN levels. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'The Quest for Disease-Modifying Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa P Elia
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Terry Reisine
- Independent Scientific Consultant, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Amela Alijagic
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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26
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Vistro WA, Huang Y, Bai X, Yang P, Haseeb A, Chen H, Liu Y, Yue Z, Tarique I, Chen Q. In Vivo Multivesicular Body and Exosome Secretion in the Intestinal Epithelial Cells of Turtles During Hibernation. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:1341-1351. [PMID: 31656212 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619015071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the in vivo biological processes of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and exosomes in mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs), goblet cells (GCs), and absorptive cells (ACs) in turtle intestines during hibernation. The exosome markers, cluster of differentiation 63 (CD63) and tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), were positively expressed in intestinal villi during turtle hibernation. The distribution and formation processes of MVBs and exosomes in turtle MRCs, GCs, and ACs were further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. During hibernation, abundantly secreted early endosomes (ees) were localized in the luminal and basal cytoplasm of the MRCs and ACs, and late endosomes (les) were dispersed with the supranuclear parts of the MRCs and ACs. Many "heterogeneous" MVBs were identified throughout the cytoplasm of the MRCs and ACs. Interestingly, the ees, les, and MVBs were detected in the cytoplasm of the GCs during hibernation; however, they were absent during nonhibernation. Furthermore, the exocytosis pathways of exosomes and autophagic vacuoles were observed in the MRCs, GCs, and ACs during hibernation. In addition, the number of different MVBs with intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) and heterogeneous endosome-MVB-exosome complexes was significantly increased in the MRCs, GCs, and ACs during hibernation. All these findings indicate that intestinal epithelial cells potentially perform a role in the secretion of MVBs and exosomes, which are essential for mucosal immunity, during hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Ali Vistro
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Xuebing Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Ping Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Hong Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Zhang Yue
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Imran Tarique
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
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Mishra R, Upadhyay A, Prajapati VK, Dhiman R, Poluri KM, Jana NR, Mishra A. LRSAM1 E3 ubiquitin ligase: molecular neurobiological perspectives linked with brain diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2093-2110. [PMID: 30826859 PMCID: PMC11105512 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular protein quality control (PQC) plays a significant role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Failure of PQC mechanism may lead to various neurodegenerative diseases due to accumulation of aberrant proteins. To avoid such fatal neuronal conditions PQC employs autophagy and ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) to degrade misfolded proteins. Few quality control (QC) E3 ubiquitin ligases interplay an important role to specifically recognize misfolded proteins for their intracellular degradation. Leucine-rich repeat and sterile alpha motif-containing 1 (LRSAM1) is a really interesting new gene (RING) class protein that possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity with promising applications in PQC. LRSAM1 is also known as RING finger leucine repeat rich (RIFLE) or TSG 101-associated ligase (TAL). LRSAM1 has various cellular functions as it modulates the protein aggregation, endosomal sorting machinery and virus egress from the cells. Thus, this makes LRSAM1 interesting to study not only in protein conformational disorders such as neurodegeneration but also in immunological and other cancerous disorders. Furthermore, LRSAM1 interacts with both cellular protein degradation machineries and hence it can participate in maintenance of overall cellular proteostasis. Still, more research work on the quality control molecular functions of LRSAM1 is needed to comprehend its roles in various protein aggregatory diseases. Earlier findings suggest that in a mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, lack of LRSAM1 functions sensitizes peripheral axons to degeneration. It has been observed that in CMT the patients retain dominant and recessive mutations of LRSAM1 gene, which encodes most likely a defective protein. However, still the comprehensive molecular pathomechanism of LRSAM1 in neuronal functions and neurodegenerative diseases is not known. The current article systematically represents the molecular functions, nature and detailed characterization of LRSAM1 E3 ubiquitin ligase. Here, we review emerging molecular mechanisms of LRSAM1 linked with neurobiological functions, with a clear focus on the mechanism of neurodegeneration and also on other diseases. Better understanding of LRSAM1 neurobiological and intracellular functions may contribute to develop promising novel therapeutic approaches, which can also propose new lines of molecular beneficial targets for various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ribhav Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8 Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Jana
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India.
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28
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Bai X, Guo Y, Shi Y, Lin J, Tarique I, Wang X, Vistro WA, Huang Y, Chen H, Haseeb A, Yang P, Chen Q. In vivo multivesicular bodies and their exosomes in the absorptive cells of the zebrafish (Danio Rerio) gut. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:578-586. [PMID: 30885742 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication of gut epithelial cells is critical to gut mucosal homeostasis. Exosomes are important intercellular mediators in communication between cell to cell. Although many literature focus on the immunologic roles in the gut by the exosomes, the biological process of exosomes in the absorptive cells remains unknown. Uncovering the distribution, classification and formation process of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and their exosomes in the absorptive cells of the zebrafish gut, is urgently needed to establish a platform for immunological research of fish gut exosomes. The expression levels of CD63 and TSG101 were different among the three segments of the gut, and they were enriched at the apex of the mid gut villi. The characteristics of MVBs and their exosomes in the absorptive cells were further revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Early endosomes (ee) were mainly present in the apical and basal cytoplasm of absorptive cells. Late endosomes (le) were mostly distributed with the supranuclear part of these cells. "Heterogeneous" MVBs were detected underlying the apical membranes of absorptive cells. Many exosomes with some MVB-like structures occurred in the lumen, indicating that the release process was mainly through apical secretion. Various MVBs with exosomes and the endosome-heterogeneous MVB-exosome complex existed widely in the mid gut absorptive cells, concluding that zebrafish as a potential model for in vivo MVBs and their exosomes research. All the results were summarized in a schematic diagram illustrating the morphological characteristics of gut MVBs and their exosomes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yanna Guo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Imran Tarique
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Xindong Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Waseem Ali Vistro
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Hong Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Ping Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China.
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29
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Elia LP, Mason AR, Alijagic A, Finkbeiner S. Genetic Regulation of Neuronal Progranulin Reveals a Critical Role for the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3332-3344. [PMID: 30696728 PMCID: PMC6788815 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3498-17.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficient progranulin levels cause dose-dependent neurological syndromes: haploinsufficiency leads to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and nullizygosity produces adult-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Mechanisms controlling progranulin levels are largely unknown. To better understand progranulin regulation, we performed a genome-wide RNAi screen using an ELISA-based platform to discover genes that regulate progranulin levels in neurons. We identified 830 genes that raise or lower progranulin levels by at least 1.5-fold in Neuro2a cells. When inhibited by siRNA or some by submicromolar concentrations of small-molecule inhibitors, 33 genes of the druggable genome increased progranulin levels in mouse primary cortical neurons; several of these also raised progranulin levels in FTLD model mouse neurons. "Hit" genes regulated progranulin by transcriptional or posttranscriptional mechanisms. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of hit genes from the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP), suggesting a key role for this pathway in regulating progranulin levels. Progranulin itself regulates lysosome function. We found progranulin deficiency in neurons increased autophagy and caused abnormally enlarged lysosomes and boosting progranulin levels restored autophagy and lysosome size to control levels. Our data link the ALP to neuronal progranulin: progranulin levels are regulated by autophagy and, in turn, progranulin regulates the ALP. Restoring progranulin levels by targeting genetic modifiers reversed FTLD functional deficits, opening up potential opportunities for future therapeutics development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Progranulin regulates neuron and immune functions and is implicated in aging. Loss of one functional allele causes haploinsufficiency and leads to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), the second leading cause of dementia. Progranulin gene polymorphisms are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and complete loss of function causes neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Despite the critical role of progranulin levels in neurodegenerative disease risk, almost nothing is known about their regulation. We performed an unbiased screen and identified specific pathways controlling progranulin levels in neurons. Modulation of these pathways restored levels in progranulin-deficient neurons and reversed FTLD phenotypes. We provide a new comprehensive understanding of the genetic regulation of progranulin levels and identify potential targets to treat FTLD and other neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa P Elia
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, California,
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Amanda R Mason
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, and
| | - Amela Alijagic
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, California,
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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30
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Ahmed I, Akram Z, Iqbal HMN, Munn AL. The regulation of Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport and accessory proteins in multivesicular body sorting and enveloped viral budding - An overview. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 127:1-11. [PMID: 30615963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport) machinery drives different cellular processes such as endosomal sorting, organelle biogenesis, vesicular trafficking, maintenance of plasma membrane integrity, membrane fission during cytokinesis and enveloped virus budding. The normal cycle of assembly and disassembly of some ESCRT complexes at the membrane requires the AAA-ATPase vacuolar protein sorting 4 (Vps4p). A number of ESCRT proteins are hijacked by clinically significant enveloped viruses including Ebola, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) to enable enveloped virus budding and Vps4p provides energy for the disassembly/recycling of these ESCRT proteins. Several years ago, the failure of the terminal budding process of HIV following Vps4 protein inhibition was published; although at that time a detailed understanding of the molecular players was missing. However, later it was acknowledged that the ESCRT machinery has a role in enveloped virus budding from cells due to its role in the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway. The MVB sorting pathway facilitates several cellular activities in uninfected cells, such as the down-regulation of signaling through cell surface receptors as well as the process of viral budding from infected host cells. In this review, we focus on summarising the functional organisation of ESCRT proteins at the membrane and the role of ESCRT machinery and Vps4p during MVB sorting and enveloped viral budding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Ahmed
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University (Gold Coast campus), Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Zain Akram
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University (Gold Coast campus), Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L. CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Alan L Munn
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University (Gold Coast campus), Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
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31
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Minaidou A, Nicolaou P, Christodoulou K. Deregulation of LRSAM1 expression impairs the levels of TSG101, UBE2N, VPS28, MDM2 and EGFR. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211814. [PMID: 30726272 PMCID: PMC6364939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CMT is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disorder of the peripheral nervous system with a prevalence of 1/2500 individuals and it is caused by mutations in more than 80 genes. LRSAM1, a RING finger ubiquitin ligase also known as TSG101-associated ligase (TAL), has been associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2P (CMT2P) and to date eight causative mutations have been identified. Little is currently known on the pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to the disease. We investigated the effect of LRSAM1 deregulation on possible LRSAM1 interacting molecules in cell based models. Possible LRSAM1 interacting molecules were identified using protein-protein interaction databases and literature data. Expression analysis of these molecules was performed in both CMT2P patient and control lymphoblastoid cell lines as well as in LRSAM1 and TSG101 downregulated SH-SY5Y cells.TSG101, UBE2N, VPS28, EGFR and MDM2 levels were significantly decreased in the CMT2P patient lymphoblastoid cell line as well as in LRSAM1 downregulated cells. TSG101 downregulation had a significant effect only on the expression of VPS28 and MDM2 and it did not affect the levels of LRSAM1. This study confirms that LRSAM1 is a regulator of TSG101 expression. Furthermore, deregulation of LRSAM1 significantly affects the levels of UBE2N, VPS28, EGFR and MDM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Minaidou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paschalis Nicolaou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyproula Christodoulou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- * E-mail:
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32
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Saharat K, Lirdprapamongkol K, Chokchaichamnankit D, Srisomsap C, Svasti J, Paricharttanakul NM. Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 Mediates Anoikis Resistance of Metastatic Thyroid Cancer Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:473-483. [PMID: 30343281 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Resistance to anoikis is a pre-requisite step in metastasis, a major cause of death in patients with cancer, including thyroid cancer. Impairing anoikis resistance is a possible strategy for therapy of metastatic cancer. We, therefore, we aimed to investigate the key players of anoikis resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Papillary-type (BCPAP), follicular-type (FTC133), and anaplastic-type (ARO) thyroid carcinoma cells, cultured in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-coated plates to mimic circulating cells, were used as model systems in this study. Flow cytometry and soft-agar assays were used to determine cells exhibiting anoikis resistance. Proteomics was used to identify candidate proteins and validated using western blot and siRNA knockdown. RESULTS Only ARO cells showed both anoikis resistance potential and anchorage-independent growth ability. Tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein (TSG101) was identified to be potentially important in anoikis resistance, which was confirmed by an increase in anoikis and expression of a pro-apoptotic protein (BCL-2 like protein 4) and an apoptotic marker (cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase) in floating siTSG101-knockdown cells. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study that implicates the importance of TSG101 in anoikis resistance of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittirat Saharat
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
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33
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Gireud-Goss M, Reyes S, Wilson M, Farley M, Memarzadeh K, Srinivasan S, Sirisaengtaksin N, Yamashita S, Tsunoda S, Lang FF, Waxham MN, Bean AJ. Distinct mechanisms enable inward or outward budding from late endosomes/multivesicular bodies. Exp Cell Res 2018; 372:1-15. [PMID: 30144444 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulating the residence time of membrane proteins on the cell surface can modify their response to extracellular cues and allow for cellular adaptation in response to changing environmental conditions. The fate of membrane proteins that are internalized from the plasma membrane and arrive at the limiting membrane of the late endosome/multivesicular body (MVB) is dictated by whether they remain on the limiting membrane, bud into internal MVB vesicles, or bud outwardly from the membrane. The molecular details underlying the disposition of membrane proteins that transit this pathway and the mechanisms regulating these trafficking events are unclear. We established a cell-free system that reconstitutes budding of membrane protein cargo into internal MVB vesicles and onto vesicles that bud outwardly from the MVB membrane. Both budding reactions are cytosol-dependent and supported by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) cytosol. We observed that inward and outward budding from the MVB membrane are mechanistically distinct but may be linked, such that inhibition of inward budding triggers a re-routing of cargo from inward to outward budding vesicles, without affecting the number of vesicles that bud outwardly from MVBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gireud-Goss
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Sahily Reyes
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Marenda Wilson
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Madeline Farley
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Kimiya Memarzadeh
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | - Natalie Sirisaengtaksin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Susan Tsunoda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - M Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Andrew J Bean
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biochemistry and Cell Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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34
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Kaul Z, Chakrabarti O. Endosomal sorting complexes required for ESCRTing cells toward death during neurogenesis, neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Traffic 2018; 19:485-495. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zenia Kaul
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics; Kolkata India
| | - Oishee Chakrabarti
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics; Kolkata India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute; Mumbai India
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35
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White JT, Toptygin D, Cohen R, Murphy N, Hilser VJ. Structural Stability of the Coiled-Coil Domain of Tumor Susceptibility Gene (TSG)-101. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4646-4655. [PMID: 28776372 PMCID: PMC5616090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
tumor susceptibility gene-101 coiled coil domain (TSG101cc)
is an integral component of the endosomal maturation machinery and
cytokinesis, and also interacts with several transcription factors.
The TSG101cc has been crystallized as a homotetramer but is known
to interact with two of its binding partners as a heterotrimer. To
investigate this apparent discrepancy, we examined the solution thermodynamics
of the TSG101cc. Here, we use circular dichroism, differential scanning
calorimetry, analytical ultracentrifugation, fluorescence, and structural
thermodynamic analysis to investigate the structural stability and
the unfolding of the TSG101cc. We demonstrate that TSG101cc exists
in solution primarily as a tetramer, which unfolds in a two-state
manner. Surprisingly, no homodimeric or homotrimeric species were
detected. Structural thermodynamic analysis of the homotetrameric
structure and comparison with known oligomeric coiled-coils suggests
that the TSG101cc homotetramer is comparatively unstable on a per
residue basis. Furthermore, the homotrimeric coiled-coil is predicted
to be much less stable than the functional heterotrimeric coiled-coil
in the endosomal sorting complex required for transport 1 (ESCRT1).
These results support a model whereby the tetramer–monomer
equilibrium of TSG101 serves as the cellular reservoir of TSG101,
which is effectively outcompeted when its binding partners are present
and the heteroternary complex can form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T White
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Dmitri Toptygin
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Randy Cohen
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Natalie Murphy
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Vincent J Hilser
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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36
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Szymanska E, Budick-Harmelin N, Miaczynska M. Endosomal "sort" of signaling control: The role of ESCRT machinery in regulation of receptor-mediated signaling pathways. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 74:11-20. [PMID: 28797837 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) machinery consists of four protein assemblies (ESCRT-0 to -III subcomplexes) which mediate various processes of membrane remodeling in the cell. In the endocytic pathway, ESCRTs sort cargo destined for degradation into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of endosomes. Cargos targeted by ESCRTs include various signaling molecules, mainly internalized cell-surface receptors but also some cytosolic proteins. It is therefore expected that aberrant trafficking caused by ESCRT dysfunction affects different signaling pathways. Here we review how perturbation of ESCRT activity alters intracellular transport of membrane receptors, causing their accumulation on endocytic compartments, decreased degradation and/or altered recycling to the plasma membrane. We further describe how perturbed trafficking of receptors impacts the activity of their downstream signaling pathways, with or without changes in transcriptional responses. Finally, we present evidence that ESCRT components can also control activity and intracellular distribution of cytosolic signaling proteins (kinases, other effectors and soluble receptors). The underlying mechanisms involve sequestration of such proteins in ILVs, their sorting for degradation or towards non-lysosomal destinations, and regulating their availability in various cellular compartments. All these ESCRT-mediated processes can modulate final outputs of multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Szymanska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Noga Budick-Harmelin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland; Cell Research and Immunology Department, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Marta Miaczynska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
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37
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The extracellular role of DNA damage repair protein APE1 in regulation of IL-6 expression. Cell Signal 2017; 39:18-31. [PMID: 28751279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a pleiotropic nuclear protein with roles in DNA base excision repair pathway as well as in regulation of transcription. Recently, the presence of extracellular plasma APE1 was reported in endotoxemic rats. However, the biological significance and the extracellular function of APE1 remain unclear. In this study, we found that monocytes secrete APE1 upon inflammatory challenges. Challenging the monocytic cells with extracellular APE1 resulted in the increased expression and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Additionally, the extracellular APE1 treatment activated the transcription factor NF-κB, followed by its increased occupancy at the IL-6 promoter, resulting in the induction of IL-6 expression. APE1-induced IL-6 further served to elicit autocrine and paracrine cellular responses. Moreover, the extracellular IL-6 promoted the secretion of APE1, thus indicating a functional feedforward loop in this pathway. Furthermore, we show that APE1 is secreted through extracellular vesicles formation via endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent pathway. Together, our study demonstrates a novel role of extracellular APE1 in IL-6-dependent cellular responses.
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38
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Zhu L, Jorgensen JR, Li M, Chuang YS, Emr SD. ESCRTs function directly on the lysosome membrane to downregulate ubiquitinated lysosomal membrane proteins. eLife 2017; 6:e26403. [PMID: 28661397 PMCID: PMC5507667 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysosome plays an important role in maintaining cellular nutrient homeostasis. Regulation of nutrient storage can occur by the ubiquitination of certain transporters that are then sorted into the lysosome lumen for degradation. To better understand the underlying mechanism of this process, we performed genetic screens to identify components of the sorting machinery required for vacuole membrane protein degradation. These screens uncovered genes that encode a ubiquitin ligase complex, components of the PtdIns 3-kinase complex, and the ESCRT machinery. We developed a novel ubiquitination system, Rapamycin-Induced Degradation (RapiDeg), to test the sorting defects caused by these mutants. These tests revealed that ubiquitinated vacuole membrane proteins recruit ESCRTs to the vacuole surface, where they mediate cargo sorting and direct cargo delivery into the vacuole lumen. Our findings demonstrate that the ESCRTs can function at both the late endosome and the vacuole membrane to mediate cargo sorting and intra-luminal vesicle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhu
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Jeff R Jorgensen
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Ming Li
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Ya-Shan Chuang
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Scott D Emr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
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39
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Yoon S, Kovalenko A, Bogdanov K, Wallach D. MLKL, the Protein that Mediates Necroptosis, Also Regulates Endosomal Trafficking and Extracellular Vesicle Generation. Immunity 2017; 47:51-65.e7. [PMID: 28666573 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) upon its phosphorylation by the protein kinase RIPK3 triggers necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death in which rupture of cellular membranes yields release of intracellular components. We report that MLKL also associated with endosomes and controlled the transport of endocytosed proteins, thereby enhancing degradation of receptors and ligands, modulating their induced signaling and facilitating the generation of extracellular vesicles. This role was exerted on two quantitative grades: a constitutive one independent of RIPK3, and an enhanced one, triggered by RIPK3, where the association of MLKL with the endosomes was enhanced, and it was found to bind endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins and the flotillins and to be excluded, together with them, from cells within vesicles. We suggest that release of phosphorylated MLKL within extracellular vesicles serves as a mechanism for self-restricting the necroptotic activity of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmin Yoon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andrew Kovalenko
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Konstantin Bogdanov
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
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Rab5-regulated endocytosis plays a crucial role in apical extrusion of transformed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2327-E2336. [PMID: 28270608 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602349114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerging transformed cells are often eliminated from epithelial tissues. Recent studies have revealed that this cancer-preventive process involves the interaction with the surrounding normal epithelial cells; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown. In this study, using mammalian cell culture and zebrafish embryo systems, we have elucidated the functional involvement of endocytosis in the elimination of RasV12-transformed cells. First, we show that Rab5, a crucial regulator of endocytosis, is accumulated in RasV12-transformed cells that are surrounded by normal epithelial cells, which is accompanied by up-regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Addition of chlorpromazine or coexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of Rab5 suppresses apical extrusion of RasV12 cells from the epithelium. We also show in zebrafish embryos that Rab5 plays an important role in the elimination of transformed cells from the enveloping layer epithelium. In addition, Rab5-mediated endocytosis of E-cadherin is enhanced at the boundary between normal and RasV12 cells. Rab5 functions upstream of epithelial protein lost in neoplasm (EPLIN), which plays a positive role in apical extrusion of RasV12 cells by regulating protein kinase A. Furthermore, we have revealed that epithelial defense against cancer (EDAC) from normal epithelial cells substantially impacts on Rab5 accumulation in the neighboring transformed cells. This report demonstrates that Rab5-mediated endocytosis is a crucial regulator for the competitive interaction between normal and transformed epithelial cells in mammals.
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Yu F, Lou L, Tian M, Li Q, Ding Y, Cao X, Wu Y, Belda-Palazon B, Rodriguez PL, Yang S, Xie Q. ESCRT-I Component VPS23A Affects ABA Signaling by Recognizing ABA Receptors for Endosomal Degradation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1570-1582. [PMID: 27856401 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent discovery of PYR/PYL/RCAR-type abscisic acid (ABA) receptors has become one of most significant advances in plant science in the past decade. In mammals, endosomal sorting acts as an important pathway to downregulate different types of receptors, but its role in plant hormone signaling is poorly understood. Here, we report that an ubiquitin E2-like protein, VPS23A, which is a key component of ESCRT-I, negatively regulates ABA signaling. VPS23A has epistatic relationship with PYR/PYL/RCAR-type ABA receptors and disruption of VPS23A enhanced the activity of key kinase OST1 in the ABA signaling pathway under ABA treatment. Moreover, VPS23A interacts with PYR1/PYLs and K63-linked diubiquitin, and PYL4 possesses K63-linked ubiquitinated modification in vivo. Further analysis revealed that VPS23A affects the subcellular localization of PYR1 and the stability of PYL4. Taken together, our results suggest that VPS23A affects PYR1/PYL4 via vacuole-mediated degradation, providing an advanced understanding of both the turnover of ABA receptors and ESCRTs in plant hormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Qingliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yanglin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yaorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Borja Belda-Palazon
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
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Kumar B, Dutta D, Iqbal J, Ansari MA, Roy A, Chikoti L, Pisano G, Veettil MV, Chandran B. ESCRT-I Protein Tsg101 Plays a Role in the Post-macropinocytic Trafficking and Infection of Endothelial Cells by Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005960. [PMID: 27764233 PMCID: PMC5072609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) binding to the endothelial cell surface heparan sulfate is followed by sequential interactions with α3β1, αVβ3 and αVβ5 integrins and Ephrin A2 receptor tyrosine kinase (EphA2R). These interactions activate host cell pre-existing FAK, Src, PI3-K and RhoGTPase signaling cascades, c-Cbl mediated ubiquitination of receptors, recruitment of CIB1, p130Cas and Crk adaptor molecules, and membrane bleb formation leading to lipid raft dependent macropinocytosis of KSHV into human microvascular dermal endothelial (HMVEC-d) cells. The Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) proteins, ESCRT-0, -I, -II, and-III, play a central role in clathrin-mediated internalized ubiquitinated receptor endosomal trafficking and sorting. ESCRT proteins have also been shown to play roles in viral egress. We have recently shown that ESCRT-0 component Hrs protein associates with the plasma membrane during macropinocytosis and mediates KSHV entry via ROCK1 mediated phosphorylation of NHE1 and local membrane pH change. Here, we demonstrate that the ESCRT-I complex Tsg101 protein also participates in the macropinocytosis of KSHV and plays a role in KSHV trafficking. Knockdown of Tsg101 did not affect virus entry in HMVEC-d and human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells but significantly inhibited the KSHV genome entry into the nucleus and consequently viral gene expression in these cells. Double and triple immunofluorescence, proximity ligation immunofluorescence and co-immuoprecipitation studies revealed the association of Tsg101 with the KSHV containing macropinosomes, and increased levels of Tsg101 association/interactions with EphA2R, c-Cbl, p130Cas and Crk signal molecules, as well as with upstream and downstream ESCRT components such as Hrs (ESCRT-0), EAP45 (ESCRT-II), CHMP6 (ESCRT-III) and CHMP5 (ESCRT-III) in the KSHV infected cells. Tsg101 was also associated with early (Rab5) and late endosomal (Rab7) stages of KSHV intracellular trafficking, and CHMP5 (ESCRT-III) was also associated with Rab 5 and Rab 7. Knockdown of Tsg101 significantly inhibited the transition of virus from early to late endosomes. Collectively, our studies reveal that Tsg101 plays a role in the trafficking of macropinocytosed KSHV in the endothelial cells which is essential for the successful viral genome delivery into the nucleus, viral gene expression and infection. Thus, ESCRT molecules could serve as therapeutic targets to combat KSHV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Kumar
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, United States Of America
| | - Dipanjan Dutta
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, United States Of America
| | - Jawed Iqbal
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, United States Of America
| | - Mairaj Ahmed Ansari
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, United States Of America
| | - Arunava Roy
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, United States Of America
| | - Leela Chikoti
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, United States Of America
| | - Gina Pisano
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, United States Of America
| | - Mohanan Valiya Veettil
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, United States Of America
| | - Bala Chandran
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, United States Of America
- * E-mail:
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Neyen C, Runchel C, Schüpfer F, Meier P, Lemaitre B. The regulatory isoform rPGRP-LC induces immune resolution via endosomal degradation of receptors. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:1150-8. [PMID: 27548432 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system needs to distinguish between harmful and innocuous stimuli to adapt its activation to the level of threat. How Drosophila mounts differential immune responses to dead and live Gram-negative bacteria using the single peptidoglycan receptor PGRP-LC is unknown. Here we describe rPGRP-LC, an alternative splice variant of PGRP-LC that selectively dampens immune response activation in response to dead bacteria. rPGRP-LC-deficient flies cannot resolve immune activation after Gram-negative infection and die prematurely. The alternative exon in the encoding gene, here called rPGRP-LC, encodes an adaptor module that targets rPGRP-LC to membrane microdomains and interacts with the negative regulator Pirk and the ubiquitin ligase DIAP2. We find that rPGRP-LC-mediated resolution of an efficient immune response requires degradation of activating and regulatory receptors via endosomal ESCRT sorting. We propose that rPGRP-LC selectively responds to peptidoglycans from dead bacteria to tailor the immune response to the level of threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Neyen
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Runchel
- The Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Fanny Schüpfer
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Bruno Lemaitre
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Yin X, Li X, Feng Z. Role of Envelopment in the HEV Life Cycle. Viruses 2016; 8:v8080229. [PMID: 27548201 PMCID: PMC4997591 DOI: 10.3390/v8080229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an enterically transmitted hepatotropic virus, was thought to be non-enveloped for decades. However, recent studies have revealed that the virus circulating in the patient’s blood is completely cloaked in host membranes and resistant to neutralizing antibodies. The discovery of this novel enveloped form of HEV has raised a series of questions about the fundamental biology of HEV and the way this virus, which has been understudied in the past, interacts with its host. Here, we review recent advances towards understanding this phenomenon and discuss its potential impact on various aspects of the HEV life cycle and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Xinlei Li
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Zongdi Feng
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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Regulation of Notch Signaling Through Intracellular Transport. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 323:107-27. [PMID: 26944620 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The highly conserved Notch-signaling pathway performs a central role in cell differentiation, survival, and proliferation. A major mechanism by which cells modulate signaling is by controlling the intracellular transport itinerary of Notch. Indeed, Notch removal from the cell surface and its targeting to the lysosome for degradation is one way in which Notch activity is downregulated since it limits receptor exposure to ligand. In contrast, Notch-signaling capacity is maintained through repeated rounds of receptor recycling and redelivery of Notch to the cell surface from endosomal stores. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms by which Notch transit through the endosome is controlled and how various intracellular sorting decisions are thought to impact signaling activity.
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46
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Sai XB, Makiyama T, Sakane H, Horii Y, Hiraishi H, Shirataki H. TSG101, a tumor susceptibility gene, bidirectionally modulates cell invasion through regulating MMP-9 mRNA expression. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:933. [PMID: 26608825 PMCID: PMC4660656 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) was initially identified in fibroblasts as a tumor suppressor gene but subsequent studies show that TSG101 also functions as a tumor-enhancing gene in some epithelial tumor cells. Although previous studies have unraveled diverse biological functions of TSG101, the precise mechanism by which TSG101 is involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression in a bidirectional and multifaceted manner remains unclear. Methods To reveal the mechanism underlying bidirectional modulation of cell invasion by TSG101, we used RNA interference to examine whether TSG101 depletion bidirectionally modulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in different cell types. Results TSG101 depletion promoted cell invasion of HT1080 cells but contrarily reduced cell invasion of HeLaS3 cells. In HT1080 cells, TSG101 depletion increased both baseline and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced MMP-9 secretion through enhancing MMP-9 mRNA expression, but did not affect the expression or activation of MMP-2. In contrast, TSG101 depletion decreased PMA-induced MMP-9 secretion through reducing MMP-9 mRNA expression in HeLaS3 cells. TSG101 depletion had little impact on the signaling pathways required for the activation of transcription of MMP-9 or MMP-9 mRNA stability in either cell line. Conclusion TSG101 bidirectionally modulates cell invasion through regulating MMP-9 mRNA expression in different cell types. Our results provide a mechanistic context for the role of TSG101 in cell invasion as a multifaceted gene. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1942-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Bin Sai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-cho, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-cho, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Makiyama
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-cho, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Sakane
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-cho, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan. .,Present Address: Laboratory of Immunobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Sanzo Ichibanchi, Gakuencho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan.
| | - Yukimi Horii
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-cho, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Hiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-cho, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Hiromichi Shirataki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-cho, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
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47
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Nickerson DP, Merz AJ. LUCID: A Quantitative Assay of ESCRT-Mediated Cargo Sorting into Multivesicular Bodies. Traffic 2015; 16:1318-29. [PMID: 26424513 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endosomes are transportation nodes, mediating selective transport of soluble and transmembrane cargos to and from the Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane and lysosomes. As endosomes mature to become multivesicular bodies (MVBs), Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRTs) selectively incorporate transmembrane cargos into vesicles that bud into the endosome lumen. Luminal vesicles and their cargoes are targeted for destruction when MVBs fuse with lysosomes. Common assays of endosomal luminal targeting, including fluorescence microscopy and monitoring of proteolytic cargo maturation, possess significant limitations. We present a quantitative assay system called LUCID (LUCiferase reporter of Intraluminal Deposition) that monitors exposure of chimeric luciferase-cargo reporters to cytosol. Luciferase-chimera signal increases when sorting to the endosome lumen is disrupted, and silencing of signal from the chimera depends upon luminal delivery of the reporter rather than proteolytic degradation. The system presents several advantages, including rapidity, microscale operation and a high degree of reproducibility that enables detection of subtle phenotypic differences. Luciferase reporters provide linear signal over an extremely broad dynamic range, allowing analysis of reporter traffic even at anemic levels of expression. Furthermore, LUCID reports transport kinetics when applied to inducible trafficking reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Nickerson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7350, USA
| | - Alexey J Merz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7350, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7350, USA
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Meng B, Ip NCY, Prestwood LJ, Abbink TEM, Lever AML. Evidence that the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-II (ESCRT-II) is required for efficient human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) production. Retrovirology 2015; 12:72. [PMID: 26268989 PMCID: PMC4535389 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-015-0197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Egress of a number of different virus species from infected cells depends on proteins of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway. HIV has also hijacked this system to bud viruses outward from the cell surface. How ESCRT-I activates ESCRT-III in this process remains unclear with conflicting published evidence for the requirement of ESCRT-II which fulfils this role in other systems. We investigated the role of ESCRT-II using knockdown mediated by siRNA and shRNA, mutants which prevent ESCRT-I/ESCRT-II interaction and a CRISPR/Cas9 EAP45 knockout cell line. Results Depletion or elimination of ESCRT-II components from an HIV infected cell produces two distinct effects. The overall production of HIV-1 Gag is reduced leading to a diminished amount of intracellular virion protein. In addition depletion of ESCRT-II produces an effect similar to that seen when ESCRT-I and -III components are depleted, that of a delayed Gag p26 to p24 +p2 cleavage associated with a reduction in export of virion particles and a visible reduction in budding efficiency in virus producing cells. Mutants that interfere with ESCRT-I interacting with ESCRT-II similarly reduce virus export. The export defect is independent of the decrease in overall Gag production. Using a mutant virus which cannot use the ALIX mediated export pathway exacerbates the decrease in virus export seen when ESCRT-II is depleted. ESCRT-II knockdown does not lead to complete elimination of virus release suggesting that the late domain role of ESCRT-II is required for optimal efficiency of viral budding but that there are additional pathways that the virus can employ to facilitate this. Conclusion ESCRT-II contributes to efficient HIV virion production and export by more than one pathway; both by a transcriptional or post transcriptional mechanism and also by facilitating efficient virus export from the cell through interactions with other ESCRT components. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-015-0197-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Meng
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Natasha C Y Ip
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Liam J Prestwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Truus E M Abbink
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. .,Centre for Childhood White Matter Disorders, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrew M L Lever
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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Legent K, Liu HH, Treisman JE. Drosophila Vps4 promotes Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling independently of its role in receptor degradation. Development 2015; 142:1480-91. [PMID: 25790850 DOI: 10.1242/dev.117960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocytic trafficking of signaling receptors is an important mechanism for limiting signal duration. Components of the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT), which target ubiquitylated receptors to intra-lumenal vesicles (ILVs) of multivesicular bodies, are thought to terminate signaling by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and direct it for lysosomal degradation. In a genetic screen for mutations that affect Drosophila eye development, we identified an allele of Vacuolar protein sorting 4 (Vps4), which encodes an AAA ATPase that interacts with the ESCRT-III complex to drive the final step of ILV formation. Photoreceptors are largely absent from Vps4 mutant clones in the eye disc, and even when cell death is genetically prevented, the mutant R8 photoreceptors that develop fail to recruit surrounding cells to differentiate as R1-R7 photoreceptors. This recruitment requires EGFR signaling, suggesting that loss of Vps4 disrupts the EGFR pathway. In imaginal disc cells mutant for Vps4, EGFR and other receptors accumulate in endosomes and EGFR target genes are not expressed; epistasis experiments place the function of Vps4 at the level of the receptor. Surprisingly, Vps4 is required for EGFR signaling even in the absence of Shibire, the Dynamin that internalizes EGFR from the plasma membrane. In ovarian follicle cells, in contrast, Vps4 does not affect EGFR signaling, although it is still essential for receptor degradation. Taken together, these findings indicate that Vps4 can promote EGFR activity through an endocytosis-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Legent
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hui Hua Liu
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jessica E Treisman
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute and Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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50
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Li M, Rong Y, Chuang YS, Peng D, Emr SD. Ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal membrane protein sorting and degradation. Mol Cell 2015; 57:467-78. [PMID: 25620559 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As an essential organelle in the cell, the lysosome is responsible for digestion and recycling of intracellular components, storage of nutrients, and pH homeostasis. The lysosome is enclosed by a special membrane to maintain its integrity, and nutrients are transported across the membrane by numerous transporters. Despite their importance in maintaining nutrient homeostasis and regulating signaling pathways, little is known about how lysosomal membrane protein lifetimes are regulated. We identified a yeast vacuolar amino acid transporter, Ypq1, that is selectively sorted and degraded in the vacuolar lumen following lysine withdrawal. This selective degradation process requires a vacuole anchored ubiquitin ligase (VAcUL-1) complex composed of Rsp5 and Ssh4. We propose that after ubiquitination, Ypq1 is selectively sorted into an intermediate compartment. The ESCRT machinery is then recruited to sort the ubiquitinated Ypq1 into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). Finally, the compartment fuses with the vacuole and delivers ILVs into the lumen for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yueguang Rong
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ya-Shan Chuang
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Dan Peng
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Scott D Emr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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