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Cresswell K, de Keizer N, Magrabi F, Williams R, Rigby M, Prgomet M, Kukhareva P, Wong ZSY, Scott P, Craven CK, Georgiou A, Medlock S, Brender McNair J, Ammenwerth E. Evaluating Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Settings-Let Us Not Reinvent the Wheel. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e46407. [PMID: 39110494 PMCID: PMC11339570 DOI: 10.2196/46407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the requirement to minimize the risks and maximize the benefits of technology applications in health care provision, there is an urgent need to incorporate theory-informed health IT (HIT) evaluation frameworks into existing and emerging guidelines for the evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI). Such frameworks can help developers, implementers, and strategic decision makers to build on experience and the existing empirical evidence base. We provide a pragmatic conceptual overview of selected concrete examples of how existing theory-informed HIT evaluation frameworks may be used to inform the safe development and implementation of AI in health care settings. The list is not exhaustive and is intended to illustrate applications in line with various stakeholder requirements. Existing HIT evaluation frameworks can help to inform AI-based development and implementation by supporting developers and strategic decision makers in considering relevant technology, user, and organizational dimensions. This can facilitate the design of technologies, their implementation in user and organizational settings, and the sustainability and scalability of technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Cresswell
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Usher Building, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolette de Keizer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Medical Informatics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Digital Health and Quality of Care, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Farah Magrabi
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robin Williams
- Institute for the Study of Science, Technology and Innovation, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Rigby
- School of Social, Political and Global Studies and School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Mirela Prgomet
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Polina Kukhareva
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Utah, UT, United States
| | | | - Philip Scott
- University of Wales Trinity St David, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine K Craven
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Andrew Georgiou
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie Medlock
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Medical Informatics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology & Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jytte Brender McNair
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Elske Ammenwerth
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology, UMIT TIROL, Hall in Tirol, Austria
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Barnett ML, Luis Sanchez BE, Green Rosas Y, Broder-Fingert S. Future Directions in Lay Health Worker Involvement in Children's Mental Health Services in the U.S. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2021; 50:966-978. [PMID: 34554014 PMCID: PMC8633058 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2021.1969655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nearly half of children meeting criteria for a mental health disorder in the United States (U.S.) do not receive the treatment they need. Unfortunately, lack of access to and engagement in mental health services can be seen at even higher rates for historically marginalized groups, including low-income, racial, and ethnic minority youth. Lay Health Workers (LHWs) represent a valuable workforce that has been identified as a promising solution to address mental health disparities. LHWs are individuals without formal mental health training who oftentimes share lived experiences with the communities that they serve. A growing body of research has supported the mobilization of LHWs to address service disparities around the globe; however, challenges persist in how to scale-up and sustain LHW models of care, with specific barriers in the U.S. In this paper, we describe LHWs' different roles and involvement in the mental health field as well as the current state of the literature around LHW implementation. We integrate the RE-AIM Framework with a conceptual model of how LHWs address disparities to outline future directions in research and practice to enhance equity in the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of LHW models of care and evidence-based practices for historically marginalized communities within the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miya L Barnett
- Department of Counseling, University of California Santa Barbara
| | | | | | - Sarabeth Broder-Fingert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School
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3
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Fries CJ. The medicalization of cancer as socially constructed and culturally negotiated. Health Promot Int 2021; 35:1543-1550. [PMID: 32065625 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sociological considerations of medicalization frequently employ a limited use of the term that focuses on the transformation of social phenomena into issues subject to medical control. Informed by a salutogenic perspective, this essay argues that it is possible to understand cancer as having been medicalized. I show that far from exclusively a biophysical issue, the medicalization of cancer is a socially constructed and culturally negotiated process, with a fairly recent historical origin. While changing social relations of healing have led our medico-centric culture to a near single-minded understanding of cancer as a cellular pathology rooted in biology, Antonovsky's salutogenic perspective instructs that it is possible to understand and control cancer in non-medicalized ways. Indoor radon gas remediation is presented as an illustration of what form salutary cancer control and disease prevention may take.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Fries
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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4
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Uchino BN, Rook KS. Emotions, relationships, health and illness into old age. Maturitas 2020; 139:42-48. [PMID: 32747039 PMCID: PMC7403529 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is strong evidence linking relationships and emotions to physical health outcomes. What is critically missing is a more comprehensive understanding of how these important psychosocial factors influence disease over the lifespan. In this narrative review, existing lifespan models of social support and emotion regulation are reviewed and integrated into a general conceptual framework in the health domain. This integrated model takes into account bidirectional links between relationships and emotions, as well as health behaviors, biological pathways, and health. Evidence is consistent with the utility of an integrative model attempting to understand its links to health-relevant pathways and outcomes in older adults. Future work that examines multiple pathways using prospective designs will be necessary for this work to reach its full potential, including intervention and policy opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert N Uchino
- Department of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah, United States.
| | - Karen S Rook
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, United States
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Self-Rated Health and Age-Related Differences in Ambulatory Blood Pressure: The Mediating Role of Behavioral and Affective Factors. Psychosom Med 2020; 82:402-408. [PMID: 32150013 PMCID: PMC7196491 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the well-established association between self-rated health (SRH) and health, little is known about the potential psychobiological mechanisms responsible for such links and if these associations differ by age. The main goals of this study were to investigate the links between SRH and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), if age moderated the risk, and the health behavior/affective mechanisms responsible for such links. METHODS A total of 188 men and women (94 married couples; ages, 18-63 years) completed a standard measure of SRH and a 1-day ABP assessment. Multilevel models were run to examine whether SRH was associated with daily ABP and whether these links were moderated by age. The Monte Carlo method was used to construct confidence intervals for mediation analyses. RESULTS Results indicated that poor SRH was associated with higher ambulatory systolic blood pressure (SBP; b = 3.14, SE = 0.68, p < .001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; b = 1.34, SE = 0.43, p = .002) levels. Age also moderated the links between SRH and ambulatory SBP (b = 0.19, SE = 0.08, p = .011) and DBP (b = 0.14, SE = 0.05, p = .004), with links being stronger in relatively older individuals. However, only daily life negative affect significantly mediated the age by SRH interaction for both ambulatory SBP and DBP. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the potential psychobiological mechanisms linking SRH to longer-term health outcomes. Such work can inform basic theory in the area as well as intervention approaches that target such pathways.
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Gresham FM. Current Status and Future Directions of School-Based Behavioral Interventions. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02796015.2004.12086252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Duberstein PR, Maciejewski PK, Epstein RM, Fenton JJ, Chapman B, Norton SA, Hoerger M, Wittink MN, Tancredi DJ, Xing G, Mohile S, Kravitz RL, Prigerson HG. Effects of the Values and Options in Cancer Care Communication Intervention on Personal Caregiver Experiences of Cancer Care and Bereavement Outcomes. J Palliat Med 2019; 22:1394-1400. [PMID: 31237459 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2019.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Care teams are increasingly expected to attend to the needs of patient's personal caregivers (e.g., family members). Improving communication among oncologists, patients with advanced cancer, and their personal caregivers might enhance caregivers' experiences of end-of-life (EoL) cancer care and bereavement outcomes. Objective: To explore the effects of the Values and Options in Cancer Care intervention on caregivers' experiences of EoL care and bereavement outcomes. Design: We developed a brief behavioral intervention to improve communication among oncologists, patients with advanced cancer, and their personal caregivers. The intervention was designed to help patients/caregivers ask questions, express concerns, and help oncologists respond effectively. We randomly assigned oncologists (and their patients/caregivers) to the intervention or usual care. Setting/Subjects: Medical oncologists in NY and CA; patients/personal caregivers with advanced cancer. Measurements: Two months after the patient's death, caregivers completed three instruments assessing their experiences of EoL care. Seven months after the patient's death, caregivers completed the Prolonged Grief Disorder-13 (PG-13; primary prespecified outcome), the Purpose-in-Life scale, and scales assessing mental health function, depression, and anxiety. Results: The intervention did not significantly improve caregivers' scores on the PG-13 (p = 0.21), mental health function, depression, or anxiety, but it did improve purpose-in-life scores (p = 0.018). Cohen's d (95% confidence interval) for all three experiences of EoL care outcomes were promising, ranging from 0.22 (-0.19 to 0.63) to 0.39 (-0.07 to 0.86) although none was statistically significant. Conclusion: Preliminary findings show promise that scalable interventions in cancer care settings may improve caregiver experiences with cancer care and some bereavement outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Duberstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.,Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers University School of Public Heath, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Paul K Maciejewski
- Department of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Cornell Center for Research on End-of-Life Care, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ronald M Epstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.,James P Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.,Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Joshua J Fenton
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.,UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.,Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Benjamin Chapman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Sally A Norton
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.,School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Michael Hoerger
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Marsha N Wittink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Daniel J Tancredi
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Guibo Xing
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Supriya Mohile
- James P Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.,Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Richard L Kravitz
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.,Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Holly G Prigerson
- Cornell Center for Research on End-of-Life Care, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Morton LC, Layton RL, Muraven M. Social modeling of exercise inventory: A measure of exercise‐specific social influence. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebekah L. Layton
- Office of Graduate Education University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Mark Muraven
- Department of Psychology University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY USA
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the competency of surgery residents from the patient perspective in the current healthcare environment in China. The authors performed an assessment of 508 surgery residents in Liaoning province. Seven patients were as a group to complete the self-administered questionnaires on the survey for each individual corresponding resident. A 5-point rating scale with an unable-to-evaluate category was used to assess surgery resident competency by patients. Reliability and validity were assessed by Cronbach alpha (α) and exploratory factor analysis, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0. The surveys on 421 residents were valid, and the valid response rate was 82.8%. A total of 2947 questionnaires from patients were analyzed in this study. The Cronbach α coefficient was 0.92. The 4 factors emerging in the exploratory factor analysis reached a cumulative contribution rate of 66.98%. The items of "promotes health maintenance (talks about preventive care)" (206/7.0%), "tells me about any side effects of the medicine" (177/6.0%), "spends enough time with me" (189/6.4%), and "answers my questions thoroughly" (168/5.7%) were scored <4 by higher percentage of patients. The instrument provided an acceptable means for patients to evaluate the competency of Chinese surgery residents. Surgery residents should improve their competencies on preventive care, patient safety, and communication skills.
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Abstract
The field of critical psychology is exerting an influence in the way various sub-disciplines within psychology operate. In this article we use a critical psychology framework to review the field of health psychology. Through the use of values, assumptions and practices we review progress in health psychology and offer recommendations for aligning contemporary practices with current thinking in critical psychology. We discuss typical expectations, critical formulations and critical practice for interventions with individuals, groups and communities along these dimensions.
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O’Byrne KK, Brammer SK, Davidson MM, Poston WSC. Primary Prevention in Counseling Psychology. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0011000002302010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined primary prevention articles published in four counseling journals from 1985 to 1999. The authors’ results indicated a relative paucity of prevention-focused literature in counseling journals. Specifically, 52 (1.29%) of the 4,028 articles published over this 15-year period focused on primary prevention. The 52 articles were reviewed for type of article, article topic, setting, and general populations sampled. The lack of prevention articles in counseling journals is problematic as journals reflect issues relevant and important to the field. Implications of the results and recommendations for how counseling psychologists can become more involved in prevention are discussed.
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Hage SM, Romano JL, Conyne RK, Kenny M, Matthews C, Schwartz JP, Waldo M. Best Practice Guidelines on Prevention Practice, Research, Training, and Social Advocacy for Psychologists. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0011000006291411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preventive interventions have been shown to successfully aid the development of children, youths, and adults and avert maladjustment in individuals at risk for negative outcomes. Continued scientific advancement of preventive interventions is crucial to further the health of U.S. children, youths, and families. This article presents 15 best practice guidelines on prevention practice, research, training, and social advocacy for psychology. These guidelines articulate clear standards and a framework for moving the profession toward improving the well-being of a greater number of individuals and communities. The guidelines are intended to assist psychologists in evaluating their preparation for engaging in prevention work and in furthering their understanding through increased knowledge, skills, and experience in prevention.
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Abstract
Principles drawn from contemporary developmental-contextualism are presented as a framework for guiding the design, implementation, and evaluation of school-linked prevention programs that are consistent with an emerging body of research specifying best practices in prevention. Two school-linked preventive interventions, the Gardner Extended Services School (GESS) and Supporting Teachers Supporting Students, are described and discussed according to developmental principles. Roles of counseling psychologists in each intervention are also discussed. Implications of the theory and science of school-linked prevention and the two program examples for training of counseling psychologists are described.
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Abstract
Feminist interventions to facilitate women's psychological well-being are forging new pathways to achieving the goals of the Decade of Behavior. In emphasizing the complex interplay between internal and external factors in women's lives, feminist interventions are designed to promote women's safety health, positive life styles, personal strength, competence, and resilience. In contrast, prevailing medical models locate the problem within the woman by concentrating on diagnosis and treatment of pathology and internal disorders. I offer a model here for implementing and assessing intervention strategies that targets both the effects of unsupportive or negative environments and the imperative to strengthen and empower girls and women, their families, and their communities. The obligation to be accountable for the outcomes of feminist interventions encompasses a major focus of this article. Evolving developments in research on accountability are reviewed in relation to conceptualization, goal setting, and assessment of feminist interventions. I encourage continuing collaboration between the feminist-informed research and practitioner communities to promote women's health, safety, and well-being in the Decade of Behavior and beyond.
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Challenges to an integrated population health research agenda: Targets, scale, tradeoffs and timing. Soc Sci Med 2016; 150:279-85. [PMID: 26794721 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fan L, Liu J, Habibov NN. A Multilevel Logit Estimation on the Determinants of Utilization of Preventive Health Care and Healthy Lifestyle Practice in China. WORLD MEDICAL & HEALTH POLICY 2015; 7:309-328. [PMID: 26688776 PMCID: PMC4672619 DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide policy implications by estimating the individual and community level determinants of preventive health-care utilization in China based upon data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Two different frameworks, a human capital model and a psychological-behavioral model, are tested using a multilevel logit estimation. The results demonstrate different patterns for medical and nonmedical preventive activities. There is a strong correlation between having medical insurance and utilizing preventive health services. For the usage of medical-related preventive health care (MP), age, gender, education, urban residence, and medical insurance are strong predictors. High income did not provide much of an increase in the usage level of MP, but the lack of income was a huge obstacle for low-income people to overcome. Community variation in number of facilities accounted for about one third of the total variation in the utilization of MP. The utilization of MP in China remains dependent upon the individual's social-economic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Fan
- School of Social Work at Lakehead University in Thunder Bay Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianye Liu
- Department of Sociology at Lakehead University Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nazim N Habibov
- School of Social Work at the University of Windsor in Windsor Ontario, Canada
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Uchino BN. Understanding the Links Between Social Support and Physical Health: A Life-Span Perspective With Emphasis on the Separability of Perceived and Received Support. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015; 4:236-55. [PMID: 26158961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Social support has been reliably related to physical health outcomes. However, the conceptual basis of such links needs greater development. In this article, I argue for a life-span perspective on social support and health that takes into account distinct antecedent processes and mechanisms that are related to measures of support over time. Such a view highlights the need to distinguish measures of perceived and received support and its links to more specific diseases (e.g., chronic, acute) and stages of disease development (e.g., incidence). I discuss both the novel implications of these theoretical arguments for research on social support and physical health, as well as the potential intervention approaches that are apparent from this perspective.
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Abstract
The mission of the National Institutes of Health,"... is science in pursuit of fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability". A wide range of factors contribute to longer life and to less illness. Although estimates vary, most analyses suggest that only about 10% of the variation in health outcome is attributable to medical care. Further, medical care is most effective in addressing and preventing infectious disease and acute illnesses. Recent large randomized clinical trials often fail to demonstrate that medical care lengthens life expectancy. International comparisons suggest that life expectancy in the United States is increasing, but the rate of increase is falling behind that of other wealthy countries. Strategies for improving health outcomes include better dissemination and implementation of proven evidence-based interventions. Further, reduction of services that use resources but do not offer health benefits must be considered. The final section of this paper reviews evidence relevant to factors outside the health care system that may enhance life expectancy and reduce illness and the disability. The relationship between educational attainment and life expectancy is used as a case example. The potential of behavioral and social interventions for increasing life expectancy may be orders of magnitude greater than traditional medial interventions. However, considerably more research is necessary in order to provide persuasive evidence for the benefits of these programs.
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Abstract
The origins of modern psychology are deeply rooted in the notion that stressful early-life experiences negatively impact people’s mental health. Emerging work in the field of health psychology suggests that early-life stress also impacts physical well-being. Indeed, those who experienced severe early-life stress as children are more at risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer compared with those who did not have those early-life experiences. Recent work in the field of psychoneuroimmunology suggests that inflammation may be one mechanism underlying these associations. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the literature on early-life stress and inflammation and how psychological, autonomic, neuroendocrine, and epigenetic responses to the early environment lead to potentiated inflammation in adulthood. We conclude by highlighting the need for health-promotion and disease-prevention programs that are designed to reduce the frequency and severity of early-life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baldwin Way
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University
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Glasgow RE, Brownson RC, Kessler RS. Thinking about health-related outcomes: what do we need evidence about? Clin Transl Sci 2013; 6:286-91. [PMID: 23919363 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need for efficient, equitable interventions across the disease spectrum from prevention to palliative care. To identify and prioritize such interventions, evidence of effectiveness important to potential constituents is needed on outcomes relevant to them. METHODS To inform practice and policy, evidence is needed on actionable, harmonized outcomes which are feasible to collect in most settings and relevant to citizens, practitioners, and decision makers. We propose that increased priority should be given to certain outcomes that are infrequently collected across multiple domains. RESULTS A modification of a logic model of health outcomes by Proctor et al. is used to propose key domains and measures of implementation, service delivery, biomarkers, and health and functioning outcomes. Recommendations are made to give increased priority to implementation (especially reach, resource requirements/costs; and fidelity/adaptation); Institute of Medicine service delivery categories of equity and safety; and patient reported health and functioning outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Implications of this outcomes framework include that biomarkers are not always the most important or relevant outcomes; that harmonized, pragmatic, and actionable measures are needed for each of these types of outcomes, and that significant changes in training and review of grants and publications are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell E Glasgow
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Junehag L, Asplund K, Svedlund M. Perceptions of illness, lifestyle and support after an acute myocardial infarction. Scand J Caring Sci 2013; 28:289-96. [DOI: 10.1111/scs.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Junehag
- Department of Health Sciences; Mid Sweden University; Östersund Sweden
| | - Kenneth Asplund
- Department of Health Sciences; Mid Sweden University; Sundsvall Sweden
| | - Marianne Svedlund
- Department of Health Sciences; Mid Sweden University; Östersund Sweden
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Armon G, Toker S. The Role of Personality in Predicting Repeat Participation in Periodic Health Screening. J Pers 2013; 81:452-64. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fässberg MM, van Orden KA, Duberstein P, Erlangsen A, Lapierre S, Bodner E, Canetto SS, Leo DD, Szanto K, Waern M. A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:722-45. [PMID: 22690159 PMCID: PMC3367273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9030722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Suicide in later life is a global public health problem. The aim of this review was to conduct a systematic analysis of studies with comparison groups that examined the associations between social factors and suicidal behavior (including ideation, non-fatal suicidal behavior, or deaths) among individuals aged 65 and older. Our search identified only 16 articles (across 14 independent samples) that met inclusion criteria. The limited number of studies points to the need for further research. Included studies were conducted in Canada (n = 2), Germany (n = 1), Hong Kong (n = 1), Japan (n = 1), Singapore (n = 1), Sweden (n = 2), Taiwan (n = 1), the U.K. (n = 2), and the U.S. (n = 3). The majority of the social factors examined in this review can be conceptualized as indices of positive social connectedness-the degree of positive involvement with family, friends, and social groups. Findings indicated that at least in industrialized countries, limited social connectedness is associated with suicidal ideation, non-fatal suicidal behavior, and suicide in later life. Primary prevention programs designed to enhance social connections as well as a sense of community could potentially decrease suicide risk, especially among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Mellqvist Fässberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Wallinsgatan 6, 43141 Mölndal, Sweden;
| | - Kimberly A. van Orden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (K.A.O.); (P.D.)
| | - Paul Duberstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (K.A.O.); (P.D.)
| | - Annette Erlangsen
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, S850, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Sylvie Lapierre
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 des Forges blvd., Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada;
| | - Ehud Bodner
- The Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences and the Music Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel;
| | - Silvia Sara Canetto
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Diego De Leo
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, and Life Promotion Clinic, Mt Gravatt Campus, Griffith University,176 Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, QLD 4122, Australia;
| | - Katalin Szanto
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
| | - Margda Waern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 15, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +46-702-272-205; Fax: +46-31-828-163
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26
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Abstract
This paper will consider 4 topics: (1) the definition of health-related quality of life, (2) the measurement of health-related quality of life, (3) the relationship between exercise and health-related quality of life in the general population, and (4) the relationship between exercise and health-related quality of life in patients with COPD. The paper presents data from the National Health Interview Survey, the San Diego COPD Rehabilitation Trials, and the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Kaplan
- Departments of Health Services and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Smith SW, Nazione S, Laplante C, Kotowski MR, Atkin C, Skubisz CM, Stohl C. Topics and sources of memorable breast cancer messages and their impact on prevention and detection behaviors. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2009; 14:293-307. [PMID: 19440911 PMCID: PMC2718320 DOI: 10.1080/10810730902805903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Often, people are able to recall a message on a particular topic for a long period of time. These memorable messages have the ability to influence behavior when they are recalled from memory long after initial exposure. Knowing the topics and sources of the messages that are remembered about breast cancer can improve the efficacy of future breast cancer outreach. To this end, 359 women completed an online survey about memorable breast cancer messages. Most women (60%) recalled a memorable message, described it, identified its source, and noted whether it had resulted in prevention or detection behaviors. Four categories of message topics emerged: early detection (37.3%), awareness (30.9%), treatment (25.8%), and prevention (6%). Furthermore, five categories of sources of these memorable messages were found: media (35.5%), friends (22.2%), family (21.6%), medical professionals (15.2%), and others (5.5%). The media were a major source of all four topics of messages, although family members, friends, and the medical community were major sources for particular message topics as well. Memorable messages originating from medical professionals were substantially more likely to motivate detection behaviors than prevention behaviors. This research demonstrates that message topic and source both play roles in determining message recall as well as in determining how memorable messages impacted behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandi W Smith
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1212, USA.
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28
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Uchino BN. What a Lifespan Approach Might Tell Us about Why Distinct Measures of Social Support have Differential Links to Physical Health. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2009; 26:53-62. [PMID: 20221309 PMCID: PMC2835357 DOI: 10.1177/0265407509105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Social support has been reliably related to physical health outcomes. However, an examination of mediators of such links has been slowed by the lack of understanding regarding two complex and related questions: what is social support and what phase of the disease process does it impact? In this paper, I argue for the importance of a lifespan perspective that takes into account distinct antecedent processes and mechanisms that are related to measures of support over time. This view makes clear the need to distinguish measures of perceived and received support and its links to more specific aspects of disease (e.g., acute, chronic, disease incidence). The implications of these theoretical arguments for research on social support and physical health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert N Uchino
- Department of Psychology and Health Psychology Program, University of Utah
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29
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Abstract
Although the literature enlists “self-protection” to explain widely varied behavior (e.g., startle, defense mechanism, hoarding), the concept is not defined, nor are its varied modes classified. Few textbooks even index the term. To help remedy this odd neglect, the author postulated the protective motive as a biologically given “thrust to wholeness,” modified by experience and dependent on social support. Utilizing mechanisms of homeostasis, defense, prevention, healing, and “outreach” (i.e., wholeness expressed), the motive disposes the individual to maintain and express the functional integrity of body and self (including “all that is mine”). Seemingly unrelated phenomena (e.g., immune response, quest for immortality, forgiveness, sharing, urge to procreate) are thus afforded common explanation. Prospectively, the thrust to wholeness affords conceptual unity, parsimony, and pedagogical utility. Also, it may furnish a conceptual anchor for well-being and its paradoxes, self-defeat and suicide.
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30
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De Los Reyes A, Kazdin AE. Conceptualizing changes in behavior in intervention research: the range of possible changes model. Psychol Rev 2006; 113:554-83. [PMID: 16802881 PMCID: PMC3020401 DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.113.3.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An international movement has focused on identifying evidence-based interventions that were developed to change psychological constructs and that are supported by controlled studies. However, inconsistent findings within individual intervention studies and among multiple studies raise critical problems in interpreting the evidence, and deciding when and whether an intervention is evidence-based. A theoretical and methodological framework (Range of Possible Changes [RPC] Model) is proposed to guide the study of change in intervention research. The authors recommend that future quantitative reviews of the research literature use the RPC Model to conceptualize, examine, and classify the available evidence for interventions. Future research should adopt the RPC Model to both develop theory-driven hypotheses and conduct examinations of the instances in which interventions may or may not change psychological constructs.
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31
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Schwartz JP, Hage SM, Bush I, Burns LK. Unhealthy parenting and potential mediators as contributing factors to future intimate violence: a review of the literature. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2006; 7:206-21. [PMID: 16785287 DOI: 10.1177/1524838006288932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to understand and prevent intimate violence have often focused on the intergenerational transmission of intimate violence. Although witnessing and/or experiencing abuse in the family of origin is well supported in the literature as a key component of the intergenerational transmission of intimate violence, there has been less attention to other family-of-origin factors that contribute to or mediate and/or moderate future intimate violence. Particularly, a focus on the effect of parenting on future intimate violence is needed beyond the effect of modeling abusive behavior. In this article, corporal punishment and poor parenting are reviewed as family-of-origin factors related to future intimate violence. In addition, attachment theory, interpersonal skills, and emotional and behavioral regulation and/or conduct disorder are reviewed as variables that may result and mediate the relationship between family-of-origin factors and future intimate violence. Implications for preventing intimate violence by intervening in the family of origin are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Schwartz
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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32
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a serious debilitating condition that is a major cause of death and disability in the modern world. There is no medical or surgical cure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and rehabilitation has become an accepted component of disease management and recommended in practice guidelines. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs are designed to restore patients to their highest level of functioning. Traditional physiological measures of lung function are of limited value in the evaluation of outcomes from rehabilitation and rarely capture the benefits of intervention. This review considers quality-of-life outcome measures. There are 2 major approaches to quality-of-life assessment: psychometric and decision theory. The psychometric approach is used to offer a profile summarizing different dimensions of quality of life. The decision theory approach attempts to weight the different dimensions of health in order to provide a single expression of health status. Measures can be classified as either generic or disease targeted. Generic measures can be used with any population, whereas disease-targeted measures are used for patients with a particular diagnosis. Finally, measures can be categorized by their probable uses. Most measures can be used to characterize populations and to study clinical change. However, only generic, decision theory-based measures can be used to evaluate cost-effectiveness. In this article, we review measures for chronic lung diseases in these different categories and identify those more suitable for particular purposes. We devote particular attention to methods designed for use in cost-effectiveness analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Kaplan
- Department of Health Services, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1772, USA.
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33
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Controlling the body. Health Psychol 2006. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9780511807985.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Snyder CR, Elliott TR. Twenty-first century graduate education in clinical psychology: a four level matrix model. J Clin Psychol 2006; 61:1033-54. [PMID: 15965948 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Clinical psychology is positioned to play key roles in mental and physical health issues of 21st century America. In this regard, however, the present Boulder model of educating clinical psychologists is not preparing our graduates to meet the diverse demands of either today's or tomorrow's marketplaces. Accordingly, we introduce a new, four level "matrix model" for the education of future clinical psychologists. The core focus of the proposed matrix model is on the weaknesses and strengths of people in their personalities and their environments. Moreover, this matrix model operates at the individual, interpersonal, institutional, and societal-community levels of analyses. The details and implications of this proposed educational curriculum are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Snyder
- Department of Psychology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
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35
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Abstract
Cancer screening is commonly offered in order to detect tumors at an early, treatable stage. These efforts are highly advocated and widely accepted by the general public. However, there is conflicting evidence about the benefits of screening for breast cancer in pre-menopausal women, prostate cancer in older men, and colorectal cancer for both sexes. This paper examines cancer screening in relation to a disease reservoir hypothesis. There is a reservoir of undetected disease that can be found with more aggressive screening. However, much of the disease that is detected may be classified as pseudodisease because it will have no effect of life expectancy or health-related quality of life. Pseudodisease is defined as detectable disease that will never be clinically significant. A second concern about screening is that randomized clinical trials often show benefits of cancer screening for disease-specific endpoints but no benefit for total mortality. Further, screening for some cancers may significantly increase healthcare costs without enhancing population health status. Improvements in biomarkers and in screening methodologies will significantly increase the number of cancers detected. Future research is necessary in order to determine which population-based screening programs are the best use of public health resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Kaplan
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Stein Clinical Sciences Building, Room 240, Mail Code 0628, La Jolla, CA 92093-0628, USA.
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36
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Bailis DS, Ashley Fleming J, Segall A. Self-determination and functional persuasion to encourage physical activity. Psychol Health 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/14768320500051359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Korkut F. Attitudes Toward Teaching Prevention and Developmental Issues Among Turkish Counselor Educators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10447-005-2256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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Abstract
The practice of medicine links diagnosis to treatment. However, for many diagnosed conditions diagnosis and treatment may not affect health outcome. Examples include low-grade cancers that do not influence life expectancy or quality of life. Further, there is considerable uncertainty about the point along a biologic continuum where treatment should begin. Changes in diagnostic thresholds often increase healthcare costs even though the benefit of the treatment is uncertain. Although this uncertainty is understood by the healthcare providers, it often is not shared with patients. We advocate a new paradigm called shared medical decision making that makes uncertainty about diagnosis and treatment transparent to patients and engages them in the treatment decision process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Kaplan
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego 92093, USA.
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40
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Davidson KW, Goldstein M, Kaplan RM, Kaufmann PG, Knatterud GL, Orleans CT, Spring B, Trudeau KJ, Whitlock EP. Evidence-based behavioral medicine: what is it and how do we achieve it? Ann Behav Med 2004; 26:161-71. [PMID: 14644692 DOI: 10.1207/s15324796abm2603_01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of evidence-based medicine is ultimately to improve patient outcomes and quality of care. Systematic reviews of the available published evidence are required to identify interventions that lead to improvements in behavior, health, and well-being. Authoritative literature reviews depend on the quality of published research and research reports. The Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement (www.consort-statement.org) was developed to improve the design and reporting of interventions involving randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in medical journals. We describe the 22 CONSORT guidelines and explain their application to behavioral medicine research and to evidence-based practice. Additional behavioral medicine-specific guidelines (e.g., treatment adherence) are also presented. Use of these guidelines by clinicians, educators, policymakers, and researchers who design, report, and evaluate or review RCTs will strengthen the research itself and accelerate efforts to apply behavioral medicine research to improve the processes and outcomes of behavioral medicine practice.
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41
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Stuifbergen AK, Harrison TC, Becker H, Carter P. Adaptation of a wellness intervention for women with chronic disabling conditions. J Holist Nurs 2004; 22:12-31. [PMID: 15035239 DOI: 10.1177/0898010104263230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Women with chronic disabling conditions live with multiple symptoms that decrease their ability to function in society, and they may be at elevated risk for further morbidity with age. Despite research indicating that health-promoting behaviors decrease the risk for further morbidity, few interventions have been designed to help women with chronic disabling conditions promote their health. The purpose of this article is to present the results of a pilot study of a wellness intervention adapted for use with women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). First, the development of the original wellness intervention for women with multiple sclerosis (MS) will be described. Next, the steps taken to adapt the intervention to the needs of women with FMS will be described. Finally, it wil be argued that commonalities in symptoms and social experiences and the universal need for health-promoting skills make this intervention adaptable to multiple groups of women with chronic disabling conditions.
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42
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Yates BT, Taub J. Assessing the costs, benefits, cost-effectiveness, and cost-benefit of psychological assessment: we should, we can, and here's how. Psychol Assess 2004; 15:478-95. [PMID: 14692844 DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.15.4.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To the extent that assessment improves the effectiveness of treatment, prevention, or other services, it can be said to be effective. If an assessment is as effective as alternatives for improving treatment and less costly, it can be said to be cost-effective. If that improvement in the effectiveness of the service is monetary or monetizable, the assessment can be judged beneficial. And, if the sum of monetary and monetizable benefits of assessment exceeds the sum of the costs of treatment, the assessment can be said to be cost-beneficial. An overview of cost-related issues is followed by practical strategies that researchers and administrators can use to measure incremental costs, incremental effectiveness, and incremental benefits of adding psychological assessments to other psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Yates
- Department of Psychology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016-8062, USA.
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43
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Schulte TJ, Isley E, Link N, Shealy CN, Winfrey LL. General practice, primary care, and health service psychology: Concepts, competencies, and the Combined-Integrated model. J Clin Psychol 2004; 60:1011-25. [PMID: 15372459 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The profession of psychology is being impacted profoundly by broader changes within the national system of health care, as mental and behavioral health services are being recognized as essential components of a comprehensive, preventive, and cost-efficient primary care system. To fully define and embrace this role, the discipline of professional psychology must develop a shared disciplinary identity of health service psychology and a generalized competency-based model for doctoral education and training. This very framework has been adopted by Combined-Integrated (C-I) doctoral programs in professional psychology, which train across the practice areas (clinical, counseling, and school psychology) to provide a general and integrative foundation for their students. Because C-I programs produce general practitioners who are competent to function within a variety of health service settings, this innovative training approach has great potential to educate and train psychologists for a changing health care marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Schulte
- Department of Graduate Psychology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.
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44
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Godderis L, Vanhaecht K, Masschelein R, Sermeus W, Veulemans H. Prevention Pathways: Application of the Critical Path Methodology in Occupational Health Services. J Occup Environ Med 2004; 46:39-47. [PMID: 14724477 DOI: 10.1097/01.jom.0000106011.10612.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Occupational health services face important changes as a result of changes in work environment, changing health and safety concepts, and legislation. To ensure good quality at a good price, it is important to control the processes in occupational health services. The concept of "prevention pathways" is presented for the management of occupational health services. The model is based on the critical pathway concept. The approach is illustrated by means of a case study performed in a Belgian occupational health service. A prevention pathway for the evaluation of chemical risks at the workplace was constructed. The prevention pathway methodology revealed inefficiencies and quality problems in the current practice of chemical risk assessment and biomonitoring. The case shows how prevention pathways can be used to pilot the members of a multidisciplinary team by focusing on a specific occupational risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lode Godderis
- Laboratory of Occupational Hygiene and Toxicology, Occupational and Insurance Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
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45
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Abstract
The estimated 800,000 U.S. deaths in 1990 related to behavioral decisions challenge physicians to better assist behavioral change through expanded health promotion activities. Based on the format guidelines of this special issue, this brief paper first examines the current and optimal roles of health promotion within Preventive Medicine, including five physician roles for improving modifiable public health-risk behavior burdens: (1) preventive services clinician, (2) health promotion researcher, (3) educator-communicator, (4) systems manager, and (5) health promotion advocate. After presenting a new vision statement, this paper proceeds to discuss the opportunities and barriers, including system, clinician-office, and patient factors, to attaining this new vision of empowering health promotion within Preventive Medicine. Finally, all physicians are invited to engage in a threefold strategic plan for change through at least one of five action items: (1) health promotion advocacy, (2) health promotion research, (3) public communication, (4) protocol dissemination and implementation, and (5) Preventive Medicine training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Dibble
- American College of Preventive Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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46
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Wolfe DA, Wekerle C, Scott K, Straatman AL, Grasley C, Reitzel-Jaffe D. Dating violence prevention with at-risk youth: a controlled outcome evaluation. J Consult Clin Psychol 2003; 71:279-91. [PMID: 12699022 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.71.2.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated a community-based intervention to help at-risk teens develop healthy, nonabusive relationships with dating partners. Participants were 158 14-16-year-olds with histories of child maltreatment who were randomly assigned to a preventive intervention group or a no-treatment control group. They completed measures of abuse and victimization with dating partners, emotional distress, and healthy relationship skills at bimonthly intervals when dating someone. Intervention consisted of education about healthy and abusive relationships, conflict resolution and communication skills, and social action activities. Growth curve analyses showed that intervention was effective in reducing incidents of physical and emotional abuse and symptoms of emotional distress over-time. Findings support involvement of youths in reducing the cycle of violence as they initiate dating in midadolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wolfe
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
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47
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Rovniak LS, Anderson ES, Winett RA, Stephens RS. Social cognitive determinants of physical activity in young adults: a prospective structural equation analysis. Ann Behav Med 2002; 24:149-56. [PMID: 12054320 DOI: 10.1207/s15324796abm2402_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used a prospective design to test a model of the relation between social cognitive variables and physical activity in a sample of 277 university students. Social support, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and self-regulation were measured at baseline and used to predict physical activity 8 weeks later. Results of structural equation modeling indicated a good fit of the social cognitive model to the data. Within the model, self-efficacy had the greatest total effect on physical activity, mediated largely by self-regulation, which directly predicted physical activity. Social support indirectly predicted physical activity through its effect on self-efficacy. Outcome expectations had a small total effect on physical activity, which did not reach significance. The social cognitive model explained 55% of the variance observed in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza S Rovniak
- Center for Research in Health Behavior, Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blackburg 24061, USA.
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48
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Duncan SC, Duncan TE, Strycker LA, Chaumeton NR. Neighborhood physical activity opportunity: a multilevel contextual model. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2002; 73:457-463. [PMID: 12495248 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2002.10609046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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49
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Boruchovitch E, Mednick BR. The meaning of health and illness: some considerations for health psychology. PSICO-USF 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-82712002000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of understanding individuals’ ideas of health and illness is well acknowledged by research for its theoretical and practical implications for both health psychology and education. Insofar as researchers agree that individuals’ ideas of health and illness have an impact on their health attitudes and behaviour, people’s thoughts of health and health and illness - related issues are increasingly being investigated. In consonance, the objective of this study is to critically review major ideas that underlies individuals’ concepts of health and illness. Findings are discussed in terms of their potential contributions for health psychology.
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50
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Keyes CLM, Grzywacz JG. Complete health: prevalence and predictors among U.S. adults in 1995. Am J Health Promot 2002; 17:122-31. [PMID: 12471864 DOI: 10.4278/0890-1171-17.2.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To operationalize, estimate the prevalence, and ascertain the epidemiology of complete health. DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses of self-reported survey data collected via a telephone interview and a self-administered questionnaire. SETTING Households in the 48 contiguous states in the United States in 1995. SUBJECTS Random-digit dialing sample of 3032 adults between the ages of 25 and 74, with a response rate of 61%. MEASURES Physical illness and health were measured with a total of 37 items--a checklist of 29 chronic health conditions, a six-item scale of limitations of daily living, and a single item for perceived current health and for perceived 5-year change in energy. Mental illness and health were measured with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form diagnostic scale of major depression, panic, and generalized anxiety disorders and three established multi-item scales of subjective well-being (emotional, psychological, and social well-being). Completely healthy adults have high levels of physical and mental health and low levels of physical and mental illnesses; completely unhealthy adults have high levels of physical and mental illnesses and low levels of physical and mental health. Incompletely healthy adults consisted of two groups: one group is physically healthy (high physical health and low physical illness) and mentally unhealthy, and the second group is mentally healthy (high mental health and low mental illness) and physically unhealthy. RESULTS Nineteen percent of adults were completely healthy, 18.8% were completely unhealthy, and 62.2% had a version of incomplete health. Compared with completely unhealthy adults, completely healthy adults are likely to be young (25-34 years of age) or old (55-64 and 65-74 years), are married, are male, are college educated, and have higher household incomes. CONCLUSIONS Operationalizing complete health highlights objectives for increasing the prevalence of complete health, and reducing the prevalence of complete ill-health and incomplete health.
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