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Skinner AT, Golonka M, Godwin J, Kwiatek S, Sweitzer M, Hoyle RH. My friends made me do it: Peer influences and different types of vaping in adolescence. Addict Behav 2024; 159:108128. [PMID: 39173423 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Vaping is one of the most common forms of substance use among adolescents. Social influences play a key role in the decision to use substances and frequency of use during adolescence, and vaping is no exception. Using a sample of 891 adolescents across two time points (Mage = 15.1 and Mage = 17.2) in this pre-registered study, we explored whether the frequency of vaping nicotine and the frequency of vaping marijuana at age 17 were related to concurrent reports of resistance to peer influence (RPI), perceptions of friends vaping, and perceptions of classmates vaping. Then, we investigated whether resistance to peer influence reported at age 15 was similarly related to age 17 vaping of both substances. Higher RPI at both ages 15 and 17 was associated with a higher probability of abstaining from vaping both substances but was not related to the frequency of vaping among those who vaped. Perceiving that a higher proportion of friends - but not classmates - vaped was associated with a lower probability of abstaining and a greater frequency of vaping among those who vape (for both substances). Higher RPI had an attenuating effect on the relation between perceptions of vaping among peers and an adolescent's own vaping behavior, but that differed by age and peer group (e.g., friends vs. classmates). Overestimation about the prevalence of classmate vaping may have played a role in the findings, but our results suggest that interventions to strengthen peer resistance across adolescence are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann T Skinner
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Box 90545, Durham, NC 27708-0545, USA.
| | - Megan Golonka
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0086, USA
| | - Jennifer Godwin
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Box 90545, Durham, NC 27708-0545, USA
| | - Sarah Kwiatek
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0086, USA; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA
| | - Maggie Sweitzer
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite #6005, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Rick H Hoyle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0086, USA
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Poole KL, Willoughby T. Shyness and risk-taking during peer observation in children and adolescents. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 246:105981. [PMID: 38861806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Although temperamental shyness is conceptualized as a trait marked by cautiousness, we know relatively little about its relation to risk-taking. We examined how shyness was related to opportunities for risk-taking while considering how social context (i.e., presence of peers) and developmental stage (i.e., children and adolescents) might influence this relation. In the current study, 198 children (Mage = 10.17 years) and 221 adolescents (Mage = 13.46 years) completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) alone or during a peer observation manipulation. For children and adolescents, shyness was related to physiological arousal and self-reporting feeling anxious during the peer condition. However, peer observation did not influence the relation between shyness and behavioral responses during the BART. Across both alone and peer conditions, shyness was related to a longer response time for children and adolescents, which may reflect decisional conflict during risk-taking opportunities. Furthermore, shyness in children (but not in adolescents) was related to poorer performance (i.e., fewer points), whereas shyness was unrelated to risk-taking propensity (i.e., number of pumps) for both children and adolescents. Overall, although the presence of peers may induce anxiety during a risk-taking opportunity for children and adolescents higher in shyness, this does not appear to modify their risk-taking behaviors. Instead, shyer children and adolescents in general may take a longer time to decide whether to act in a risky manner, whereas shy children in particular may show poorer performance in obtaining a reward on a risk-taking task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie L Poole
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Teena Willoughby
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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Al-Binali F, Dargham SR, Mahfoud ZR. Positive Association Between Family and Teachers' Tobacco Use on the Smoking Behaviors of Iraqi Adolescents Attending Schools - A Cross Sectional Study Using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Tob Use Insights 2024; 17:1179173X241283468. [PMID: 39314802 PMCID: PMC11418361 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x241283468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Adolescent tobacco and E-cigarette use have been rising globally in the past decade. Iraq's post-war conflict and economic crises posed psychosocial and mental health trauma, contributing to increased vulnerability to drug and substance use among adolescents. This study looks to assess the potential relationship between current tobacco and E-cigarette smoking and exposure to smoking at home and school among Iraqi adolescents attending schools. Methods: Data analysis for the 2019 Iraq Global Youth Tobacco Survey, a cross-sectional study completed by 2560 Iraqi adolescents aged 11 to 17 years old was conducted. The survey tool which includes demographic, tobacco use, knowledge and attitudes towards tobacco use questions is anonymous and self-administered using paper-based bubble sheets that are scannable. Current tobacco and E-cigarette use (defined as past 30-days) were the main outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between the main outcomes and the following variables: participants' demographics, exposure to smoking, attitude and knowledge scores. Results: Current tobacco and E-cigarette smoking prevalence among Iraqi adolescents attending school were 14.9% (95% CI: 13.5%-16.4%) and 9.7% (95% CI: 8.6%-11.0%), respectively. Exposure to smoking at home was high among fathers (39.1%), mothers (13.9%), siblings smoke (23.9%), other individuals smoke (56.1%). The percentages of students who witnessed people smoking within school premises was 45.7% and observed teachers smoking in schools was 57.6%. The current use of tobacco smoking among Iraqi adolescents was significantly and positively associated with exposure to smoking by the father (AOR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.05-1.85), mother (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.30-2.60), sibling (AOR = 3.50; 95% CI: 2.62-4.67), teacher (AOR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.10-1.98), and people in school (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.57-2.53). Similarly, the current use of E-cigarettes was significantly associated with father smoking (AOR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.29-3.16), sibling smoking (AOR = 3.09; 95% CI: 2.04-4.67), and people smoking in school (AOR2.02; 95% CI: 1.39-2.95). Conclusion: Stricter policies need to be enforced to ensure safer school environments that do not expose adolescents to smoking habits of teachers or other students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soha R. Dargham
- Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ziyad R. Mahfoud
- Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, NY, USA
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Machado-Marques SI, Moyles IR. Adolescent vaping behaviours: Exploring the dynamics of a social contagion model. Math Biosci 2024; 377:109303. [PMID: 39299571 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Vaping, or the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), is an ongoing issue for public health. The rapid increase in e-cigarette usage, particularly among adolescents, has often been referred to as an epidemic. Drawing upon this epidemiological analogy between vaping and infectious diseases as a theoretical framework, we present a deterministic compartmental model of adolescent e-cigarette smoking which accounts for social influences on initiation, relapse, and cessation behaviours. We use results from a sensitivity analysis of the model's parameters on various response variables to identify key influences on system dynamics and simplify the model into one that can be analysed more thoroughly. We identify a single feasible endemic equilibrium for the proportion of smokers that decreases as social influence on cessation increases. Through steady state and stability analyses, as well as simulations of the model, we conclude that social influences from and on temporary quitters are not important in overall model dynamics, and that social influences from permanent quitters can have a significant impact on long-term system dynamics. In particular, we show that social influence on cessation can induce persistent recurrent smoking outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I Machado-Marques
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, M3J1P3, ON, Canada.
| | - Iain R Moyles
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, M3J1P3, ON, Canada.
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Cheng TW, Mills KL, Pfeifer JH. Revisiting adolescence as a sensitive period for sociocultural processing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105820. [PMID: 39032845 PMCID: PMC11407824 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Waves of research and public discourse have characterized adolescence as periods of developmental risk and opportunity. Underlying this discussion is the recognition that adolescence is a period of major biological and social transition when experience may have an outsized effect on development. This article updates and expands upon prior work suggesting that adolescence may be a sensitive period for sociocultural processing specifically. By integrating evidence from developmental psychology and neuroscience, we identify how trajectories of social and neurobiological development may relate to adolescents' ability to adapt to and learn from their social environments. However, we also highlight gaps in the literature, including challenges in attributing developmental change to adolescent experiences. We discuss the importance of better understanding variability in biology (e.g., pubertal development) and cultural environments, as well as distinguishing between sensitive periods and periods of heightened sensitivity. Finally, we look toward future directions and translational implications of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa W Cheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Kathryn L Mills
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA.
| | - Jennifer H Pfeifer
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA.
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Stengelin R, Maurits L, Hepach R, Haun DBM. Children's risk preferences vary across sexes, social contexts, and cultures. COMMUNICATIONS PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 2:79. [PMID: 39242761 PMCID: PMC11343856 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
People exhibit more risk-prone behaviors when together with peers than when in private. The interplay of social context effects and other variables that alter human risk preferences (i.e., age, sex, or culture) remains poorly understood. Here, we explored risk preferences among Namibian Hai||om and Ovambo children (N = 144; AgeRange = 6-10 years). Participants chose between risky and safe options in private or during peer presence. In a third condition, children collaborated with peers before their risk preferences were assessed in those peers' presence. Children from both societies were risk-averse, but Hai||om children showed greater risk aversion than their Ovambo counterparts. Across cultures and ages, boys were less averse to risks than girls. This effect was most pronounced during peer presence, whereas collaboration did not additionally affect risk preferences. These results suggest a dynamic interplay of individual, social, and cultural factors shaping children's risk preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Stengelin
- Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
| | - Luke Maurits
- Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Hepach
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Benjamin Moritz Haun
- Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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Lee M, Schillinger ES, Zaso MJ, Park A, Kim J. Psychometric validation of the Positive Drinking Consequences Questionnaire in adolescents. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:1565-1576. [PMID: 38858127 PMCID: PMC11305965 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Positive Drinking Consequences Questionnaire (PDCQ) was developed to measure positive consequences of alcohol use endorsed by college drinkers. Efforts to assess positive drinking consequences experienced by adolescents have been much more limited. The aim of the present study was to advance the psychometric testing and evaluation of the factor structure of the PDCQ in adolescents. METHODS The current sample consisted of 173 adolescents at T1 (mean age = 15 years, range = 13-17; 61% female) who reported alcohol use in the past 12 months. Data were collected at two time points over a 12-month interval in the United States. Confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and discriminant, concurrent, predictive, and incremental validity were tested. RESULTS Our analyses supported four factors of positive alcohol-related consequences: sociability, liquid courage, sexual enhancement, and tension reduction. Internal consistency was moderate to high (α = 0.78-0.94, ω = 0.86-0.91 at T1; α = 0.59-0.93, ω = 0.85-0.93 at T2). Test-retest reliability was fair to good (ICC = 0.46-0.55). The PDCQ total and subscale factor scores demonstrated discriminant validity from negative alcohol expectancy. PDCQ total and subscale factor scores were positively associated with current alcohol consumption (ρs = 0.19-0.50 at T1; ρs = 0.17-0.46 at T2), indicating concurrent validity. Predictive validity analyses showed that the overall PDCQ scale score and the sociability subscale positively predicted maximum drinks 1 year later (ρs = 0.18-0.22). However, the sexual enhancement subscale was negatively predictive of typical drinking frequency 1 year later. Finally, the PDCQ showed incremental validity for concurrent alcohol consumption beyond that for alcohol expectancies and drinking motives. CONCLUSION The present findings support for the reliability and validity of PDCQ for use in adolescents where it may have utility as an assessment tool for characterizing various aspects of positive drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyeong Lee
- Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Aesoon Park
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, New York, USA
| | - Jueun Kim
- Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Morrongiello BA, Amir M, Corbett MR, Zolis C, Russell K. Adolescents at the skatepark: identifying design features and youth behaviours that pose risk for falls. Inj Prev 2024; 30:267-271. [PMID: 38123982 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skateboarding is an increasingly popular leisure activity for youth, yet injuries due to falls are common. This study aimed to identify the features at skateparks and tricks performed by youth that pose an increased risk of falls in skateboarders. METHOD Video recordings were unobtrusively taken at a large skatepark of youth designated as young (11-15 years) or old (16-20 years). Videos were coded to identify the popular skatepark features used and tricks performed, and to assign a fall severity outcome rating for each feature and each type of trick attempted. RESULTS The results identify features and tricks that pose increased risk of falling for youth at skateparks. CONCLUSIONS Implications for injury prevention are discussed, including a consideration of environmental (skatepark design) and individual (youth behaviour) factors relevant to reducing skateboarding injuries due to falls among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Amir
- Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Caroline Zolis
- Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly Russell
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Curnier A, Cholley-Gomez M, Lecêtre F, Peteuil A, Meunier-Beillard N, Fonquerne L, Darras L, Eymard-Duvernay S, Méjean C, Delpierre C, Cottet V, Cousson-Gélie F. Epidaure Market-Effectiveness and transferability of a school-based intervention to improve healthy and sustainable food choices by schoolchildren: Protocol of a randomized controlled trial and qualitative study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306781. [PMID: 38980860 PMCID: PMC11233013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT At least 40% of cancers are linked to environmental or behavioral factors, and dietary behavior appears to be a major lever. Epidaure Market is a prevention initiative developed using a method for co-constructing health promotion initiatives and prevention programs that stratifies evidence from the scientific literature and combines it with experiential knowledge (DEVA, TPB, BCT). It promotes a sustainable diet (i.e., healthy, ecological and ethical nutrition) among 5th and 4th grade students during the crucial period of adolescence, when these behaviors are often far from the recommendations. METHOD The protocol implemented was carried out in 72 middle school classes in the Montpellier and Dijon academies. The intervention included teaching sessions and a virtual supermarket game, integrated into the school curriculum and delivered by science teachers. Effectiveness is tested in a cluster randomized controlled trial with 3 evaluation times (pre- and post-intervention and 1 follow-up). The study also includes an implementation assessment, with process analysis and implementation elements, as well as a transferability assessment based on key functions (FIC model and Astaire grid). EXPECTED OUTCOMES The study is still underway within the school. The primary expected outcome is a positive influence on the motives underlying food choices to move towards a sustainable diet. Secondary expectations involve changes in variables such as self-efficacy and perceived social norms, as well as an increase in knowledge about healthy eating. We also expect the qualitative approaches to provide information on the deployment process in the new territories. DISCUSSION The study aims not only to demonstrate the effectiveness of Epidaure Market, but also to identify the optimal conditions for its nationwide implementation in France's middle schools. Ultimately, the initiative aims to help reduce the incidence of cancer by promoting healthier eating habits among teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Curnier
- Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPSYLON EA 4556, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Florian Lecêtre
- Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPSYLON EA 4556, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Peteuil
- Inserm UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, CHU de Dijon, France
| | | | - Leslie Fonquerne
- UMR1295 -Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucy Darras
- UMR1295 -Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay
- MOISA, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Méjean
- MOISA, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Delpierre
- UMR1295 -Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Vanessa Cottet
- Inserm UMR1231- CIC 1432, Université de Bourgogne, CHU de Dijon, France
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Simonaggio C, Rubini E, Facci G, Castagna P, Canavese A, Scotti L, Gino S. Victims of drug facilitated sexual assault aged 13-24: a cross sectional study on the pool of users of a sexual violence relief centre in Northern Italy. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:1593-1602. [PMID: 38374288 PMCID: PMC11164715 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association between drugs and alcohol intake and sexual abuse in adolescents, otherwise defined as Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault (DFSA). We considered the survivors who accessed care at the Centre "Soccorso Violenza Sessuale" (SVS - Sexual Violence Relief Centre) in Turin (Italy), between May 2003 and May 2022. We found that 973 patients aged 13-24 among which 228 were victims of DFSA. Epidemiological and anamnestic aspects of the episode of sexual violence were examined, with a specific focus on investigating the alcohol and/or drug intake as reported by the victim, along with the results of the toxicological analysis. the study further accounts for the variations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on DFSA-related accesses. Our findings show that 23% of adolescents accessing care at SVS were subjected to DFSA. Six out ten adolescents knew their aggressor, at times a partner (10%) oran acquaintance (43%). In 12% of cases violence was perpetrated by a group of people (12%). Almost 90% of young victims described alcohol consumption, while 37% reported drug use at the time of the assault. Alcohol taken alone or in combination with other substances was the most detected drug in our sample throughout the period considered. Given the large use of psychoactive substances among adolescents, it is imperative to implement harm reduction strategies alongside educational activities aimed at fostering awareness about consent. Health personnel should be trained to manage the needs of victims of DFSA clinically and forensically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Simonaggio
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti, 38, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Elena Rubini
- CRIMEDIM - Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Giulia Facci
- CRIMEDIM - Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Paola Castagna
- Centro Soccorso Violenza Sessuale, Presidio Ospedaliero Sant'Anna, Città della Salute e della Scienza, corso Spezia, Torino, 60 - 10126, Italy
| | - Antonella Canavese
- Centro Soccorso Violenza Sessuale, Presidio Ospedaliero Sant'Anna, Città della Salute e della Scienza, corso Spezia, Torino, 60 - 10126, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, corso Dogliotti 14, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Lorenza Scotti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Sarah Gino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, Novara, 28100, Italy.
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Mulé P, Zhang X, Prosty C, Beaudette L, Cohen CG, Chan E, Clarke AE, Grunebaum E, Ke D, Lejtenyi D, Lucchesi C, Mazer B, McCusker C, Upton J, Zhang L, Ben-Shoshan M. Long-Term Adherence and Risk of Allergic Reactions in Patients Who Attained Milk Oral Immunotherapy Maintenance. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024:S2213-2198(24)00668-8. [PMID: 38944196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has emerged as the most popular therapy for food allergy. However, data on the long-term adherence and efficacy of this approach are sparse. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the long-term adherence rates to OIT protocol and the associated risk of allergic reactions. METHODS Patients who completed milk OIT and reached a maintenance dose of 200 mL of milk were surveyed biannually on their dairy consumption and occurrence of allergic reactions. A survival analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the risk of reaction and the adherence to OIT maintenance protocol. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 50 patients. Only 56% of the cohort adhered to the protocol, which consisted of ingesting a minimum of 200 mL of milk at least 3 times per week. Adherent patients had a significantly reduced risk of allergic reactions as well as a reduced incidence of anaphylaxis, health care/emergency room visits, and epinephrine/antihistamine administration. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate the importance of consistent maintenance dose consumption in the management of food allergies, with regular milk consumption contributing to the maintenance of unresponsiveness and decreased risk of allergic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mulé
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Xun Zhang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Connor Prosty
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Liane Beaudette
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Casey G Cohen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edmond Chan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ann Elaine Clarke
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eyal Grunebaum
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada
| | - Danbing Ke
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Duncan Lejtenyi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chiara Lucchesi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce Mazer
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine McCusker
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julia Upton
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada
| | - Lydia Zhang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moshe Ben-Shoshan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ravindranath O, Perica MI, Parr AC, Ojha A, McKeon SD, Montano G, Ullendorff N, Luna B, Edmiston EK. Adolescent neurocognitive development and decision-making abilities regarding gender-affirming care. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101351. [PMID: 38383174 PMCID: PMC11247355 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, politicians and legislative bodies have cited neurodevelopmental literature to argue that brain immaturity undermines decision-making regarding gender-affirming care (GAC) in youth. Here, we review this literature as it applies to adolescents' ability to make decisions regarding GAC. The research shows that while adolescence is a time of peak risk-taking behavior that may lead to impulsive decisions, neurocognitive systems supporting adult-level decisions are available given deliberative processes that minimize influence of short-term rewards and peers. Since GAC decisions occur over an extended period and with support from adult caregivers and clinicians, adolescents can engage adult-level decision-making in this context. We also weigh the benefits of providing GAC access during adolescence and consider the significant costs of blocking or delaying GAC. Transgender and non-binary (TNB) adolescents face significant mental health challenges, many of which are mitigated by GAC access. Further, initiating the GAC process during adolescence, which we define as beginning at pubertal onset, leads to better long-term mental health outcomes than waiting until adulthood. Taken together, existing research indicates that many adolescents can make informed decisions regarding gender-affirming care, and that this care is critical for the well-being of TNB youth. We highlight relevant considerations for policy makers, researchers, and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orma Ravindranath
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Maria I Perica
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley C Parr
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amar Ojha
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shane D McKeon
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gerald Montano
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Naomi Ullendorff
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - E Kale Edmiston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, USA
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Venticinque JS, McMillan SJ, Guyer AE. Expanding understanding of adolescent neural sensitivity to peers: Using social information processing theory to generate new lines of research. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101395. [PMID: 38823235 PMCID: PMC11176966 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of normative heightened sensitivity to peer influence. Individual differences in susceptibility to peers is related to individual differences in neural sensitivity, particularly in brain regions that support an increasingly greater orientation toward peers. Despite these empirically-established patterns, the more specific psychosocial and socio-cognitive factors associated with individual differences in neural sensitivity to peer influence are just beginning to gain research attention. Specific features of the factors that contribute to how adolescents process social information can inform understanding of the psychological and neurobiological processes involved in what renders adolescents to be more or less susceptible to peer influences. In this paper, we (1) review the literature about peer, family, and broader contextual influences on sensitivity to peers' positive and negative behaviors, (2) outline components of social information processing theories, and (3) discuss features of these models from the perspectives and social cognitive development and social neuroscience. We identify gaps in the current literature that need to be addressed in order to gain a more comprehensive view of adolescent neural sensitivity to peer influence. We conclude by suggesting how future neuroimaging studies can adopt components of this social information processing model to generate new lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Venticinque
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis 267 Cousteau Pl, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Sarah J McMillan
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis 267 Cousteau Pl, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Amanda E Guyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis 267 Cousteau Pl, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Ahmed J, Robinson A, Miller EE. Effectiveness of signs for pedestrian-railroad crossings: Colors, shapes, and messaging strategies. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2024; 89:141-151. [PMID: 38858037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Train-pedestrian conflicts result in a substantial number of serious and fatal injuries annually. Signs indicating safe and permissible behaviors near railroad rights of way are commonly relied upon to mitigate collisions. However, the effectiveness of these signs in preventing accidents often depends on clarity and interpretation of the sign. The objective of this study was to evaluate the (1) effectiveness of sign messaging strategies and designs at pedestrian-railroad crossings, and (2) effects of context and risk-taking propensity on decisions to cross tracks. METHOD A survey study (N = 1011) was conducted comparing likeliness to cross for a variety of pedestrian-railroad scenarios. The DOSPERT scale was included to estimate an individuals' risk-taking. RESULTS Findings reveal that action-conveying and emotionally-motivated signs are more effective in discouraging railroad crossing in high-risk situations (i.e., train present, crossing gates down, or warning lights flashing), compared to information-only signs. However, decisions to cross are primarily influenced by the presence of a train and crossing gates' status, followed by sign type. MaxDiff analysis show that yellow signs with black symbols and square shaped signs are perceived as the clearest in conveying safety information, compared to black on white, red on white, and circular signs. Additionally, individuals who cross railroad tracks as pedestrians more frequently exhibit higher risk-taking tendencies, while there is no relationship between driving across tracks and risk-taking propensity. Males and younger individuals also have higher risk-taking tendencies. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS These findings have implications for policy and practice, such as revising manuals to incorporate more effective sign designs and targeted educational campaigns for high-risk groups. It is also crucial to conduct ongoing monitoring of implemented interventions, which could follow the framework presented in this paper. The study emphasizes collaboration across sectors to improve overall safety at pedestrian-railroad crossings, contributing to safer transportation infrastructure for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubaer Ahmed
- Department of Systems Engineering, Colorado State University, 6029 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1301, USA
| | - Angie Robinson
- Department of Systems Engineering, Colorado State University, 6029 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1301, USA
| | - Erika E Miller
- Department of Systems Engineering, Colorado State University, 6029 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1301, USA.
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15
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Boring BL, Walsh KT, Ng BW, Schlegel RJ, Mathur VA. Experiencing Pain Invalidation is Associated with Under-Reporting of Pain: A Social Psychological Perspective on Acute Pain Communication. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104428. [PMID: 37984509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Pain invalidation involves the dismissal or lack of understanding of another's pain, undermining their subjective experience. Frequent exposure to invalidation negatively impacts mental and physical health as well as pain-related behaviors, potentially leading people to conceal their pain from others in the future and/or withdraw from potential sources of support. It is therefore possible that experiencing pain invalidation may also impact pain-reporting behavior in clinical settings. Across 2 separate samples of emerging adults, we examined whether exposure to invalidation of one's pain was associated with cognizant modulation of one's subjective acute pain ratings within routine medical and dental settings. Drawing upon social psychological theories of impression management and self-presentation, we hypothesized that exposure to pain invalidation would be associated with the under-rating of one's pain. In Study 1, previous experiences of invalidation were associated with under-rating of one's pain when visiting the doctor and the dentist. Study 2 found that invalidation from family and medical professionals-but not from friends-was associated with under-rating pain in both settings. Findings provide further evidence for the harmful effects of pain invalidation, particularly for emerging adults, as the dismissal of one's subjective experience may sow self-doubt while reinforcing cultural stigmas against pain, leading to alterations in pain communication that ultimately creates barriers to efficacious clinical treatment and care and increase pain-related suffering. PERSPECTIVE: Pain invalidation imparts harm to those who already suffer from pain, be it mentally, physically, and/or behaviorally. We show that people who have encountered invalidation are more likely to under-rate their pain when seeking care, impeding assessment and treatment, and further highlighting the importance of clinical validation of pain experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Boring
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kaitlyn T Walsh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Brandon W Ng
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rebecca J Schlegel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Vani A Mathur
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, Texas
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16
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Phung QA, Dao N. Farmers' perceptions of sustainable agriculture in the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28576. [PMID: 38586403 PMCID: PMC10998049 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
While economic growth and food security in Vietnam's Red River Delta are heavily reliant on agriculture, the intensive use of agricultural land has resulted in various negative impacts on the environment, such as soil degradation, water pollution, biodiversity loss, and health effects on humans and animals. The current situation emphasizes an increased need for sustainable agriculture practices in the region. Understanding farmers' decision-making processes and identifying factors that influence their choices is crucial in order to promote their adoption of sustainable agriculture practices. This study examines the impact of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, age, and gender on farmers' intention to adopt sustainable agriculture practices using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The results show that attitude towards sustainable agriculture practices showed a path coefficient of 0.310 (p < 0.001), and perceived behavioral control had a coefficient of 0.305 (p < 0.001), indicating strong positive relationships with intention. However, subjective norms, despite a positive coefficient, did not significantly affect intentions (path coefficient 0.099, p > 0.05). Age was found to have a moderating effect; older farmers are less likely to adopt sustainable agriculture practices compared to their younger counterparts. Gender, however, did not present a significant influence. In light of these findings, policymakers face a challenge in creating incentives to encourage farmers' engagement in sustainable agriculture practices in the Red River Delta and at the same time discourage youth out-migration from the agricultural sector more generally. Overall, this study enriches our theoretical understanding of the factors influencing sustainable agriculture adoption in developing countries and offers practical insights for policymakers and agricultural stakeholders in the Red River Delta to promote more effective and targeted sustainable agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Anh Phung
- Department of Social Science, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Nga Dao
- Department of Social Science, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
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17
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Tully LM, Blendermann M, Fine JR, Zakskorn LN, Fritz M, Hamlett GE, Lamb ST, Moody AK, Ng J, Parakul N, Ritter BM, Rahim R, Yu G, Taylor SL. The SocialVidStim: a video database of positive and negative social evaluation stimuli for use in social cognitive neuroscience paradigms. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae024. [PMID: 38597895 PMCID: PMC11015894 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the SocialVidStim-a database of video stimuli available to the scientific community depicting positive and negative social evaluative and neutral statements. The SocialVidStim comprises 53 diverse individuals reflecting the demographic makeup of the USA, ranging from 9 to 41 years old, saying 20-60 positive and 20-60 negative social evaluative statements (e.g. 'You are a very trustworthy/annoying person'), and 20-60 neutral statements (e.g. 'The sky is blue'), totaling 5793 videos post-production. The SocialVidStim are designed for use in behavioral and functional magetic resonance imaging paradigms, across developmental stages, in diverse populations. This study describes stimuli development and reports initial validity and reliability data on a subset videos (N = 1890) depicting individuals aged 18-41 years. Raters perceive videos as expected: positive videos elicit positively valenced ratings, negative videos elicit negatively valenced ratings and neutral videos are rated as neutral. Test-retest reliability data demonstrate intraclass correlations in the good-to-excellent range for negative and positive videos and the moderate range for neutral videos. We also report small effects on valence and arousal that should be considered during stimuli selection, including match between rater and actor sex and actor believability. The SocialVidStim is a resource for researchers and we offer suggestions for using the SocialVidStim in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Tully
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Mary Blendermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fine
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Lauren N Zakskorn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Matilda Fritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Gabriella E Hamlett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Shannon T Lamb
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Anna K Moody
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Julenne Ng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Narimes Parakul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Bryn M Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Raisa Rahim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Grace Yu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sandra L Taylor
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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18
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Ashwin A, Cherukuri SD, Rammohan A. The psychology, legality, ethics and medical aspects of organ donation by minors. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2024; 38:100832. [PMID: 38340552 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2024.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Any individual who has not attained the chronological age of legal majority as per national law is termed a minor. The concept of living donation (LD) has always been a subject of ethical debate and further compounding the controversy is the question of LD by minors. The decision for a minor to donate poses a special challenge as it involves a close family unit of parent-child relationship. Such an emotionally loaded situation wherein questions of attachment, perceived duties, moral obligation are likely to cloud a truly informed consent on the part of the minor to donation, who may find themselves in a vulnerable position. Furthermore, a minor's cognitive ability to comprehend the gravity of LD and when required defy parental coercion need to be elucidates before a minor is accepted for LD. Experts have set out stringent conditions which need to be met prior to the exceptional circumstance that a minor is considered for organ donation. Such donations should require parental permission, child's assent and the involvement of a paediatric-trained donor advocacy team. This article debates the question of minors acting as live donors from ethical, medical, psychosocial and legal viewpoints with an aim to present internationally defined circumstances when a minor may morally participate as a LD, thereby laying the foundation for future deliberations in this regard using traditional metrics to juxtapose divergent courses of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ashwin
- Wellington School, Wellington, UK
| | | | - A Rammohan
- The Institute of Liver Disease & Transplantation, Dr. Rela Institute & Medical Centre, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.
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Meredith WJ, Silvers JA. Experience-dependent neurodevelopment of self-regulation in adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 66:101356. [PMID: 38364507 PMCID: PMC10878838 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of rapid biobehavioral change, characterized in part by increased neural maturation and sensitivity to one's environment. In this review, we aim to demonstrate that self-regulation skills are tuned by adolescents' social, cultural, and socioeconomic contexts. We discuss adjacent literatures that demonstrate the importance of experience-dependent learning for adolescent development: environmental contextual influences and training paradigms that aim to improve regulation skills. We first highlight changes in prominent limbic and cortical regions-like the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex-as well as structural and functional connectivity between these areas that are associated with adolescents' regulation skills. Next, we consider how puberty, the hallmark developmental milestone in adolescence, helps instantiate these biobehavioral adaptations. We then survey the existing literature demonstrating the ways in which cultural, socioeconomic, and interpersonal contexts drive behavioral and neural adaptation for self-regulation. Finally, we highlight promising results from regulation training paradigms that suggest training may be especially efficacious for adolescent samples. In our conclusion, we highlight some exciting frontiers in human self-regulation research as well as recommendations for improving the methodological implementation of developmental neuroimaging studies and training paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley J Meredith
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Silvers
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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Wang H, Su X, Fan M, Schwebel DC. The more peers are present, the more adventurous? How peer presence influences adolescent pedestrian safety. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART F, TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR 2024; 102:155-163. [PMID: 38559498 PMCID: PMC10977920 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Objective Adolescence is a high-risk period for traffic injury. One factor that may impact adolescent safety in traffic is the presence of peers. We conducted a quasi-experimental research study to examine the impact of peer presence, peer familiarity, and peer group size on adolescent pedestrian risk-taking intentions in both sidewalk and street-crossing settings. Methods 607 students aged 12-18 years from Nantong city, China, completed a questionnaire that presented 20 traffic scenarios. The scenarios varied based on a 3 (peer group size: no peer vs. one peer vs. multiple peers) x 2 (peer familiarity: familiar vs. unfamiliar) x 2 (traffic setting: crossing the street vs. walking on the roadside) experimental design. Adolescents' responses indicated safer vs riskier intentions in each situation. Results Results found that: (1) Adolescents were safer when walking on the sidewalk than when crossing the street; (2) Whether crossing the street or walking on the sidewalk, adolescents' behavioral intentions were safer when there were peers present than when there were no peers present; (3) Adolescents' safety tended to be higher overall with unfamiliar peers than with familiar peers; (4) Adolescents were less safe when crossing the street with familiar peer(s) than with unfamiliar peer(s), but no differences emerged when walking on the sidewalk. Conclusions Adolescents report safer behavior when walking with a peer or peers compared with walking alone. Familiar peers reduce adolescents' safety of behavior intentions in traffic, especially when crossing the street.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Wang
- Department of Traffic Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226019, China
| | - Xueyang Su
- Department of Traffic Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226019, China
| | - Mengmeng Fan
- Department of Traffic Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226019, China
| | - David C Schwebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, CH 415, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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21
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Wilbrecht L, Davidow JY. Goal-directed learning in adolescence: neurocognitive development and contextual influences. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:176-194. [PMID: 38263216 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time during which we transition to independence, explore new activities and begin pursuit of major life goals. Goal-directed learning, in which we learn to perform actions that enable us to obtain desired outcomes, is central to many of these processes. Currently, our understanding of goal-directed learning in adolescence is itself in a state of transition, with the scientific community grappling with inconsistent results. When we examine metrics of goal-directed learning through the second decade of life, we find that many studies agree there are steady gains in performance in the teenage years, but others report that adolescent goal-directed learning is already adult-like, and some find adolescents can outperform adults. To explain the current variability in results, sophisticated experimental designs are being applied to test learning in different contexts. There is also increasing recognition that individuals of different ages and in different states will draw on different neurocognitive systems to support goal-directed learning. Through adoption of more nuanced approaches, we can be better prepared to recognize and harness adolescent strengths and to decipher the purpose (or goals) of adolescence itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Wilbrecht
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Juliet Y Davidow
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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22
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Liu J, Charmaraman L, Bickham D. Association Between Social Media Use and Substance Use Among Middle and High School-Aged Youth. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1039-1046. [PMID: 38419151 PMCID: PMC11062178 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2320372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of our study was to identify whether different aspects of social media use were associated with substance use among middle- and high school-aged youth. Methods: Participants were recruited from four Northeast U.S. middle schools and invited to complete an online survey in Fall 2019 and Fall 2020. We conducted separate adjusted logistic mixed effects models the substance use outcomes: ever use of alcohol, cannabis, e-cigarettes, tobacco cigarettes, prescription drugs, and multiple substances. Our sample included N = 586 participants (52.7% female, 58% White). Results: Seeing a social media post about drugs/alcohol in the past-12-months was significantly associated with higher odds of ever using alcohol, cannabis, e-cigarettes, and multiple substance use. Total number of social media sites ever used was significantly associated with higher odds of ever using cannabis, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and multiple substances. Checking social media every hour or more was significantly associated with higher odds of ever using alcohol. Higher problematic internet use score was significantly associated with higher odds of ever using cannabis, e-cigarettes, and multiple substances. Online social support seeking score was not associated substance use. Conclusions: Our findings support the need for substance use prevention and social media literacy education and screening to begin early, ideally in elementary school before youth are using social media and substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Liu
- REACH Lab Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University
| | - Linda Charmaraman
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, Youth, Media, & Wellbeing Research Lab
| | - David Bickham
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine
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23
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Tadros E, Jhuremalani A, McLeod B. The Effect of Peer Influence and Neighborhood Quality on Incarcerated Fathers' Attachment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2024:306624X241234856. [PMID: 38419426 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x241234856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Commonly referred to as the "hidden victims" of incarceration, children with a parent who is intermittently or repeatedly incarcerated face various challenges that exacerbate behavioral and psychological development. Using a baseline adaptation of the Multi-site Family Study on Incarceration, Parenting and Partnering (MFS-IP), we sought to clarify how peer influence and neighborhood quality can predict the extent of an incarcerated father's attachment to the focal child and partner. Results showed a negative association between negative peer influence and poor neighborhood quality. Conversely, incarcerated fathers' relationship with their biological mother and fathers produced a significant positive association. These findings propose that risk and protective factors can directly influence attachment levels with the focal child, as suggested by Social Control Theory. This article provides a basis for a more comprehensive understanding of clinical support that can be offered to children and families who bear the systemic societal mechanisms of incarceration.
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24
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McVey Neufeld SF, Ahn M, Kunze WA, McVey Neufeld KA. Adolescence, the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis, and the Emergence of Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:310-318. [PMID: 37839790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Second only to early life, adolescence is a period of dramatic change and growth. For the developing young adult, this occurs against a backdrop of distinct environmental challenges and stressors. A significant body of work has identified an important role for the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis in the development and function of the brain. Given that the MGB axis is both highly plastic during the teenage years and vulnerable to environmental stressors, more attention needs to be drawn to its potential role in the emergence of psychiatric illnesses, many of which first manifest during adolescence. Here, we review the current literature surrounding the developing microbiome, enteric nervous system, vagus nerve, and brain during the adolescent period. We also examine preclinical and clinical research involving the MGB axis during this dynamic developmental window and argue that more research is needed to further understand the role of the MGB in the pathogenesis of brain disorders. Greater understanding of the adolescent MGB axis will open up the exciting potential for new microbial-based therapeutics for the treatment of these often-refractory psychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Ahn
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wolfgang A Kunze
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen-Anne McVey Neufeld
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Andrade FC, Burnell K, Godwin J, Hoyle RH. Alcohol Use and Abstinence throughout Adolescence: The Changing Contributions of Perceived Risk of Drinking, Opportunities to Drink, and Self-Control. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:910-919. [PMID: 38326713 PMCID: PMC11110111 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2310489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Adolescence is characterized by psychosocial and cognitive changes that can alter the perceived risk of negative effects of alcohol, opportunities to drink, and self-control. Few studies have investigated whether these factors change in their contribution to adolescent drinking over time. This study examined associations between perceived risk, opportunities to drink, self-control, and past-year drinking and investigated whether self-control buffers the effect of lower perceived risk and frequent drinking opportunities on the probability of past-year drinking. Method: Data from a four-wave longitudinal study (2015-2020) of 2,104 North Carolina adolescents (Mage = 12.36, SDage = 1.12, at Time 1) were used to assess changes in associations between self-control, perceived risk of drinking, and drinking opportunities on the frequency of past-year drinking. Hypotheses were tested using latent trajectory models. Results: At all timepoints, greater perceived risk, fewer drinking opportunities, and higher self-control were associated with drinking abstinence in the past year. Self-control buffered the impact of frequent drinking opportunities and lower perceived risk on the probability of alcohol use at Times 1-3. Conclusions: Despite expectations that adolescents' ability to navigate their environments improves as they age, associations between risk, protective factors, and past-year drinking were relatively stable over time. Nevertheless, self-control protected against frequent drinking opportunities and lower perceived risk. Strategies that support or relieve the need for self-control (e.g., situation modification) may protect against alcohol use throughout adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaitlyn Burnell
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jennifer Godwin
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham NC USA
| | - Rick H. Hoyle
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
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Meehan ZM, Hubbard JA, Moore CC, Mlawer F. Susceptibility to peer influence in adolescents: Associations between psychophysiology and behavior. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:69-81. [PMID: 36148857 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated in-the-moment links between adolescents' autonomic nervous system activity and susceptibility to three types of peer influence (indirect, direct, continuing) on two types of behavior (antisocial, prosocial). The sample included 144 racially ethnically diverse adolescents (46% male, 53% female, 1% other; M age = 16.02 years). We assessed susceptibility to peer influence behaviorally using the Public Goods Game (PGG) while measuring adolescents' mean heart rate (MHR) and pre-ejection period (PEP). Three key findings emerged from bivariate dual latent change score modeling: (1) adolescents whose MHR increased more as they transitioned from playing the PGG alone (pre-influence) to playing while simply observed by peers (indirect influence) displayed more prosocial behavior; (2) adolescents whose PEP activity increased more (greater PEP activity = shorter PEP latency) as they transitioned from indirect influence to being encouraged by peers to engage in antisocial behavior (direct influence) engaged in more antisocial behavior; and (3) adolescents whose PEP activity decreased less as they transitioned from direct influence on prosocial behavior to playing the PGG alone again (continuing influence) displayed more continuing prosocial behavior (marginal effect). The discussion focuses on the role of psychophysiology in understanding adolescents' susceptibility to peer influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Meehan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Delaware, 105 The Green, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE19716, USA
| | - Julie A Hubbard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Delaware, 105 The Green, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE19716, USA
| | - Christina C Moore
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Delaware, 105 The Green, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE19716, USA
| | - Fanny Mlawer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Delaware, 105 The Green, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE19716, USA
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Demir B, Demir S, Wickens CM, Hoseinzadeh Nooshabadi M, Rodak T, Donmez B. Exploring the Behaviour Change Wheel and the Theoretical Domains Framework in interventions for mobile phone driver distraction: A scoping review. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 195:107369. [PMID: 38061292 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phone use while driving remains a significant traffic safety concern. Although numerous interventions have been developed to address it, there is a gap in the synthesis of relevant information through a comprehensive behaviour change lens. This scoping review uses the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to examine the literature to (a) identify behavioural constructs targeted in interventions for mobile phone use while driving, (b) determine if the intervention success varied by sociodemographic group (e.g., age, gender, driving experience), and (c) map interventions to TDF domains to highlight areas for future research. Following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, we searched seven databases and identified 5,202 articles. After screening, 50 articles detailing 56 studies met the following inclusion criteria: (a) intervention studies, (b) providing details on methods and results, (c) written in English, and (d) targeting any driver behaviour related to mobile phone use while driving with a bottom-up approach, using not regulation or law enforcement, but individuals' psychological processes, such as cognitive, behavioural, and emotional. Findings show that most interventions targeted young drivers and were typically effective. Except for a few studies, the effectiveness of interventions targeting different sociodemographic groups either remained untested or revealed nonsignificant differences. This finding points to a gap in the literature, indicating a need for further investigation into the efficacy of interventions for different groups, and for tailoring and testing them accordingly. The interventions also often targeted multiple TDF domains, complicating the interpretation of the relative efficacy of specific domains. Most frequently targeted domains included beliefs and consequences, emotions, knowledge, social influence, social/professional role and identity, and behavioural regulation. Physical skills and optimism domains were not targeted in any intervention. Further, almost all interventions addressed deliberate engagement in mobile phone distractions, while the automatic and fast processes involved in such behaviours were often overlooked. Mobile phone distractions are in part habitual behaviours, yet the existing mitigation efforts mostly assumed intentional engagement. More focus on the habitual nature of mobile phone distractions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basar Demir
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Final International University, Kyrenia via Mersin 10, Türkiye.
| | - Sila Demir
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Final International University, Kyrenia via Mersin 10, Türkiye; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto ON M5S 2S1, Canada.
| | - Christine M Wickens
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto ON M5S 2S1, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Mehdi Hoseinzadeh Nooshabadi
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Terri Rodak
- CAMH Library, Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Birsen Donmez
- University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
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Bataineh BS, Wilkinson AV, Sumbe A, Clendennen SL, Chen B, Messiah SE, Harrell MB. Anxiety as a predictor of the age of initiation of tobacco and cannabis use in adolescents and young adults. Addict Behav 2024; 148:107876. [PMID: 37804749 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown important links between anxiety and the use of tobacco and cannabis. However, it remains unclear whether anxiety leads youth to start using tobacco and cannabis at an earlier age. METHODS Data were drawn from Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance System for the years 2019-2021(Waves 9-14). Participants were in 10th-grade, 12th-grade, and two years post-high school at baseline. The outcomes were the age of first use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and cannabis. Interval-censoring Cox proportional hazards models were fit to examine the differences in the estimated age of initiation of tobacco and cannabis use by anxiety. RESULTS Among the 10th-grade cohort, participants with anxiety had an increased risk of an earlier age of cigarette [AHR = 2.29(1.63-3.23)], e-cigarette [AHR = 1.53(1.17-2.00)], and cannabis [AHR = 1.59(1.23-2.05)] initiation. Among the 12th-grade cohort, participants with anxiety had an increased risk of an earlier age of cigarette [AHR = 1.52(1.21-1.90), e-cigarette [1.25(1.01-1.60)] and cannabis [AHR = 1.35(1.09-1.67] initiation. Among the post-high school cohort, the only significant association found was for cannabis initiation [AHR = 1.33(1.11-1.58). Between ages 18-to-19 years in the 10th-grade cohort, and between ages 20-21 years in the 12th-grade cohort, cumulative incidence of each of the three outcomes initiation doubled among anxious youth. CONCLUSIONS This study's findings show that anxiety symptoms can increase the risk of substance use initiation at an earlier age, especially among the youngest adolescent cohort (∼15-to-16-year-olds). These findings highlight the importance of early screening and treatment of anxiety symptoms as a preventive measure to delay or prevent the onset of substance use initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara S Bataineh
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Anna V Wilkinson
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Aslesha Sumbe
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie L Clendennen
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Baojiang Chen
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sarah E Messiah
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA; Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX USA
| | - Melissa B Harrell
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
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Vrdoljak G, Kurtović A, Babić Čikeš A, Hirnstein M. Gender and educational stage moderate the effects of developmental assets on risk behaviours in youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2023.2183872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrijela Vrdoljak
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Kurtović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Babić Čikeš
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marina Hirnstein
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Urben S, Constanty L, Lepage C, Rosselet Amoussou J, Durussel J, Turri F, Wouters E, Mürner-Lavanchy I, Plessen KJ. The added value of a micro-level ecological approach when mapping self-regulatory control processes and externalizing symptoms during adolescence: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2387-2397. [PMID: 35294631 PMCID: PMC10682160 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-01972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in self-regulatory control (SRC) represent a core characteristic of externalizing (EXT) symptoms (e.g., rule-breaking behavior or aggressive behaviors) in adolescents. This review aims to specify the added value of ecologically valid assessments at a micro-level when examining the associations between SRC and EXT symptoms in adolescents. This systematic review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020. The search strategy addressed the added value of (1) naturalistic assessment for the understanding of the relationship between (2) SRC and (3) EXT symptoms in (4) adolescents. We conducted comprehensive searches in bibliographic databases. An additional search was conducted in Google Scholar and supplementary studies were identified through backward and forward citation tracking. Twenty-four studies (n = 4071 adolescents) met the inclusion criteria. The methods used to assess naturalistic aspects included the experience sampling method (ecological momentary- or ambulatory assessment) and the time-course approach (i.e., real-time assessment of SRC processes referring to situations approximating real-life experience where SRC are to be engaged such as in frustrating situations). Micro-level ecological assessments, when mapping the intra-individual relationships between SRC processes and EXT symptoms over time in adolescents within their natural context (i.e., real world) of expression in real time, added a finer-grained observation alongside with a higher ecological validity. Micro-level approaches may enhance the understanding of the complex interplay between SRC and EXT symptoms in adolescence, especially in interventional studies, allowing for the acquisition of endpoints with a higher relevance for everyday functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Urben
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Lauriane Constanty
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Lepage
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Rosselet Amoussou
- Psychiatry Library, Education and Research Department, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Durussel
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fiorella Turri
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Wouters
- Unit of Child and Adolescent Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ines Mürner-Lavanchy
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zhao X, Arnison T, Knobel P. Protective health behaviors and fear of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a public opinion perspective. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2953-2963. [PMID: 36329672 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2141279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
When coronavirus disease (COVID-19) news along with protective health recommendations first came to people's life, such ambiguous information became a public opinion. Performing protective behaviors can be regarded as an approval of the majority opinion as people have to alter their established health positions and practices. So far, the association between public opinion and protective health behaviors is unclear especially in the pandemic context. This study utilized a survey data collected between 1 and 10 April 2020 in Germany (n = 101), Austria (n = 261), Switzerland (n = 26), and China (n = 267). We compared the protective health behaviors between the Chinese and European participants, as well as examined the associations between the protective health behaviors, peer influence, and fear of social isolation. Protective health behaviors were found similar between Chinese and European participants, although being independent from peer influence and fear of social isolation were related to protective health behaviors in the Chinese sample. Our cross-national findings are consistent with previous studies, suggesting that both official and unofficial health communication show stronger influences in Asian populations. Findings from this study provide advice for public communication strategies to promote protective health behaviors during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Institute of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Tor Arnison
- School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Phil Knobel
- Institute of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
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32
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Pitman A, Lowther M, Pike A, Davies J, de Cates A, Buckman JEJ, Robinson O. The influence of peer non-suicidal self-harm on young adults' urges to self-harm: experimental study. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38012834 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that exposure to peer self-harm induces adolescents' urges to self-harm and that this is influenced by individual suggestibility. METHODS We recruited 97 UK-based adults aged 18-25 years with a recent history of self-harm, measuring baseline suggestibility (Resistance to Peer Influence; RPI) and perceived ability to control urges to self-harm (using an adapted item from the Self-Efficacy to Resist Suicidal Action scale; SEASA) before and after two self-harm vignettes featuring named peers from the participant's social network (to simulate exposure to peer non-suicidal self-harm) and after a wash-out exposure. We used paired t-tests to compare mean SEASA scores pre- and post-exposure, and linear regression to test for an association between RPI and change in SEASA scores pre- and post-exposure. RESULTS Perceived ability to control urges to self-harm was significantly reduced following exposure to peer self-harm (t(96) = 4.02, p < 0.001, mean difference = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.31, 0.91), but was not significantly different from baseline after exposure to a wash-out. We found no association between suggestibility and change in urges to self-harm after exposure to peer self-harm. CONCLUSION Our findings support social influences on self-harm in a sample of young adults, regardless of their individual degree of suggestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pitman
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Alexandra Pike
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, UK
- Department of Psychology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jessica Davies
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK
- St Andrew's Healthcare, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Applied Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angharad de Cates
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Littlemore Mental Health Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Joshua E J Buckman
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, London, UK
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness (CORE), Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Slagter SK, Gradassi A, van Duijvenvoorde ACK, van den Bos W. Identifying who adolescents prefer as source of information within their social network. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20277. [PMID: 37985792 PMCID: PMC10662136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescents are highly influenced by their peers within their social networks. This social influence can stem from both unsolicited peer pressure and the active search for guidance. While extensive research examined the mechanisms of peer pressure, little is known about who adolescents prefer as a source of information. To address this gap, we conducted two independent studies using a novel social search paradigm that allows participants to choose which social sources they wish to observe. In both studies, adolescents demonstrated a preference for their friends over non-friends, as well as for peers who were perceived as trustworthy. Across both studies, we found mixed evidence for the role of perceived popularity as a selection criterion. Notable, study 2 revealed the significance of "cool", "admirable" and "acting mean" as additional characteristics of preferred peers, traits that are often associated with elevated peer status. It also revealed an interest for peers perceived as being smart. These findings highlight the active role adolescents have in choosing social sources and emphasize the importance of multiple peer characteristics. Future research should investigate whether adolescents' interest in these types of peers is contingent upon specific social contexts, age groups, and peer cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett K Slagter
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Gradassi
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands
| | - Anna C K van Duijvenvoorde
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter van den Bos
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Human Behavior, Berlin, Germany
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Priyambada Mitra T, Djerboua M, Mahmood S, Nettel-Aguirre A, Caird JK, Emery C, Hagel B, Russell K. Effectiveness of an injury prevention video on risky behaviours in youth snow sports: A randomized controlled trial. Paediatr Child Health 2023; 28:404-410. [PMID: 37885602 PMCID: PMC10599488 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ski and snowboard-related injuries are common among Canadian youth. Analyzing the role of risky behaviours that contribute to injury risk is essential for gaining an understanding of injury prevention opportunities. The objective was to determine if rates of risky behaviour seen at the ski hill were lower for children and adolescents exposed to an educational injury prevention video. Methods This single-blinded cluster randomized controlled trial included students (ages 7-16) from 18 Calgary schools who were enrolled in novice levelled school-sanctioned ski and snowboard programs. Consenting schools were randomly assigned to the intervention or control. The control group followed standard preparation including watching a general ski hill orientation video that was created by the ski hill. The intervention group viewed the intervention video focussed on injury prevention. The Risky Behaviour and Actions Assessment Tool was used by blinded research assistants to observe and record students' risky behaviours at an Alberta ski hill. Results In total, 407 observations estimated the rate of risky behaviour. The overall rate of risky behaviour was 23.31/100 person runs in the control group and 22.95/100 person runs in the intervention group. The most commonly observed risky behaviours in both groups were skiing too close to other skiers/snowboarders and near collision with an object/person. Conclusions Both groups showed similar rates of risky behaviour and demonstrated the same most common type of behaviour. Practical applications: future work should focus on mitigating common risky behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatum Priyambada Mitra
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- MD Program, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Maya Djerboua
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Sheharzad Mahmood
- MD Program, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Alberto Nettel-Aguirre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- O’Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jeff K Caird
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- O’Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Carolyn Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- O’Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brent Hagel
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- O’Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Kelly Russell
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
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Mehrotra S, Zhang F, Roberts SC. Looking out or Looking Away?-Exploring the Impact of Driving With a Passenger on Young Drivers' Eye Glance Behavior. HUMAN FACTORS 2023; 65:1306-1322. [PMID: 35466736 DOI: 10.1177/00187208221081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how passenger presence and the degree of association between young driver and passenger influences young drivers' eye glance behavior when they are subjected to distraction. BACKGROUND Young drivers (18-20 years old) are at an elevated crash risk when subjected to distraction. They are likely to be distracted even further when they drive with passengers. However, the eye glance behavior of these drivers when driving with passengers has not been explored. METHOD Eye glance data of 34 young drivers between the ages of 18 and 20 years were collected. Participants drove with and without a passenger while subjected to three distracting tasks (visual-manual, cognitive, or visual-cognitive) and driving scenarios that required driver attention. RESULTS Visual-cognitive as well as visual-manual states of distraction result in higher mean and standard deviation of glance duration, along with higher number of glances away from road. Passenger presence is found to negatively influence young drivers' eye glance behavior. The degree of association between the young driver and the passenger may help reduce the deviation of eye glances towards the task-related objects. CONCLUSION In addition to distraction, passengers have a negative influence on the eye glance behavior of young drivers. However, a high degree of association between driver and passenger may mitigate the negative impact of distraction on the eye glance behavior of young drivers. APPLICATION (NON-THEORETICAL WORKS) This research may aid in the design of interventions that improve young drivers' eye glance behavior when they drive with their peers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fangda Zhang
- University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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Ray CM, Norris AL, Liu GS, Bogen KW, Pearlman DN, Reidy DE, Estefan LF, Orchowski LM. Interpersonal Violence Victimization Experiences of Middle School Youth: An Exploration by Gender and Sexual/Romantic Attraction. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2023; 70:2901-2924. [PMID: 35700379 PMCID: PMC9869166 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2082907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minority youth (SMY) are at increased risk for interpersonal violence victimization compared to heterosexual youth. The current study examined how self-reported victimization (i.e., bullying, sexual harassment and dating violence) among middle school youth varied as a function of sexual/romantic attraction as well as gender identity. Cross-sectional data were gathered from students at seven middle schools in New England (n = 2245). Mean comparisons with post-hoc Tukey tests determined differences in rates of past 6-month and lifetime interpersonal violence victimization by sexual/romantic attraction and the intersection of gender and attraction. As hypothesized, interpersonal violence victimization among middle school youth differed as a function of sexual/romantic attraction as well as gender. To date, most research has focused on older samples, particularly high-school youth and young adults. These data are consistent with these prior studies documenting increased risk for interpersonal violence victimization among youth who indicate same-gender attraction but add to the literature in demonstrating the expansive forms of peer victimization that same-gender-attracted youth already experience by early adolescence. Given that victimization is associated acutely and longitudinally with many deleterious outcomes, including poorer mental health and increased risk for subsequent victimization, greater structural supports are needed for early adolescent SMY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Ray
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alyssa L Norris
- Center for Behavioral & Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Grace S Liu
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katherine W Bogen
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Deborah N Pearlman
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Dennis E Reidy
- School of Public Health, Center for Research on Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lianne F Estefan
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lindsay M Orchowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Vranken S, Matthes J, Fitzgerald K, Beullens K. I spy with my little eye: An eye-tracking study examining adolescents' attention to alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages in Instagram stories. Appetite 2023; 189:107000. [PMID: 37573972 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Social media users are frequently exposed to alcohol images on Instagram, which in turn influences their own alcohol behaviors. Yet, it is unclear what factors drive attention to alcohol cues. In an eye-tracking study (N = 108; Mage = 16.54), we examined adolescents' attention to Instagram Stories depending on: (a) the type of beverage depicted (beer vs water), (b) the character-product interaction portrayed (CPI: peers in images shown consuming [high CPI] vs holding beverages [low CPI]) and, (c) participant's own susceptibility (high vs low-risk alcohol drinker). Our results illustrated that adolescents allocated an equal amount of attention to beer and water depicted in Instagram images. Furthermore, they devoted more attention to Instagram images wherein peers were shown consuming water and beer (high CPI) compared to those wherein peers were holding these beverages (low CPI). Surprisingly, high-risk alcohol drinkers were more responsive to both beer and water cues than low-risk drinkers. This was particularly the case for Instagram images with high CPI. These findings have implications for how health cues on Instagram are attended to and processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Vranken
- School for Mass Communication Research - University of Leuven, Parkstraat 45 (Box 3603), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium; Research Foundations Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jörg Matthes
- Advertising and Media Effects Research Group - University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 29, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaitlin Fitzgerald
- College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Martha Van Rensselaer HallIthaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kathleen Beullens
- School for Mass Communication Research - University of Leuven, Parkstraat 45 (Box 3603), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Tsuyuki C, Suzuki K, Seo K, Ke D, Tsuge K, Deng P, Lu D, Naito H. Qualitative study of the association between psychosocial health and physical activity/sleep quality in toddlers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15704. [PMID: 37735193 PMCID: PMC10514029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and sleep are important factors of mental and physical health in children, with some reports indicating that their effects can persist into adulthood. However, there is limited research on the qualitative aspects of physical activity and sleep in preschool children, particularly in those aged < 3 years. Therefore, to elucidate the association between psychosocial health and physical activity/sleep in early childhood in terms of qualitative aspects, we conducted a retrospective cohort study in 2985 3-year-old children (37.2 ± 0.75 months) in Shanghai, China. An analysis using structural equation modeling indicated that current physical activity had a direct and moderate impact on current psychosocial health evaluated using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. In particular, past physical activity had an indirect and mild effect on current psychosocial health via current physical activity in girls. However, regardless of sex, past sleep quality had slight impact on current psychosocial health, not only indirectly via current sleep quality, but also directly. These findings highlight the importance of considering the qualitative aspects of physical activity and sleep quality as significant factors influencing the current and future psychosocial health of children, even at a very early age (< 3 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Tsuyuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
- Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-Ku, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan.
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
| | - Kanako Seo
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
- Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-Ku, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan
| | - Dandan Ke
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kyoko Tsuge
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
- Tochigi Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Pengyu Deng
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Dajiang Lu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
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Compagne C, Mayer JT, Gabriel D, Comte A, Magnin E, Bennabi D, Tannou T. Adaptations of the balloon analog risk task for neuroimaging settings: a systematic review. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1237734. [PMID: 37790591 PMCID: PMC10544912 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1237734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), a computerized behavioral paradigm, is one of the most common tools used to assess the risk-taking propensity of an individual. Since its initial behavioral version, the BART has been adapted to neuroimaging technique to explore brain networks of risk-taking behavior. However, while there are a variety of paradigms adapted to neuroimaging to date, no consensus has been reached on the best paradigm with the appropriate parameters to study the brain during risk-taking assessed by the BART. In this review of the literature, we aimed to identify the most appropriate BART parameters to adapt the initial paradigm to neuroimaging and increase the reliability of this tool. Methods A systematic review focused on the BART versions adapted to neuroimaging was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Results A total of 105 articles with 6,879 subjects identified from the PubMed database met the inclusion criteria. The BART was adapted in four neuroimaging techniques, mostly in functional magnetic resonance imaging or electroencephalography settings. Discussion First, to adapt the BART to neuroimaging, a delay was included between each trial, the total number of inflations was reduced between 12 and 30 pumps, and the number of trials was increased between 80 and 100 balloons, enabling us to respect the recording constraints of neuroimaging. Second, explicit feedback about the balloon burst limited the decisions under ambiguity associated with the first trials. Third, employing an outcome index that provides more informative measures than the standard average pump score, along with a model incorporating an exponential monotonic increase in explosion probability and a maximum explosion probability between 50 and 75%, can yield a reliable estimation of risk profile. Additionally, enhancing participant motivation can be achieved by increasing the reward in line with the risk level and implementing payment based on their performance in the BART. Although there is no universal adaptation of the BART to neuroimaging, and depending on the objectives of a study, an adjustment of parameters optimizes its evaluation and clinical utility in assessing risk-taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Compagne
- UR LINC, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- CIC-1431 INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Juliana Teti Mayer
- UR LINC, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Centre Département de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Damien Gabriel
- UR LINC, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- CIC-1431 INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
- Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle Neuraxess, Besançon, France
| | - Alexandre Comte
- UR LINC, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Centre Département de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Eloi Magnin
- UR LINC, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- CHU Département de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Djamila Bennabi
- UR LINC, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Centre Département de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
- Centre Expert Dépression Résistante Fondamentale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Thomas Tannou
- UR LINC, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle Neuraxess, Besançon, France
- CIUSS Centre-Sud de l’Ile de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Zhou SF, Li SJ, Zhao TS, Liu Y, Li CQ, Cui YH, Li F. Female rats prefer to forage food from males, an effect that is not influenced by stress. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114597. [PMID: 37487838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
As social beings, animals and humans alike make real life decisions that are often influenced by other members. Most current research has focused on the influence of same-sex peers on individual decision-making, with potential opposite sex effect scarcely explored. Here, we developed a behavioral model to observe food foraging decision-making in female rats under various social situations. We found that female rats preferred to forage food from male over female rats or from the no-rat storage side. Female rats were more likely to forage food from familiar males than from unfamiliar. This opposite-sex preference was not altered by the lure of sweet food, or with estrous cycle, nor under stress conditions. These results suggest that the opposite sex influences food foraging decision-making in female rats. The behavioral model established could facilitate future investigation into the underlying neurobiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Fen Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Song-Ji Li
- The International-Joint Lab for Non-invasive Neural Modulation/Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Tian-Shu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chang-Qi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yan-Hui Cui
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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Mennicke A, Bowling J, Montanaro E, Williams M, Carlson H, McClare V, Meehan EA, Temple J, Jules BN, Tirunagari A, Kissler N, Pruneda P, Mathews KS, Haley G, Brienzo MJ, McMillan IF, Yoder A, Mesaeh C, Correia C, McMahon S. The bystander intervention for problematic alcohol use model (BIPAUM). JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37581944 PMCID: PMC10867282 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2245497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to identify phases of bystander intervention (BI) for problematic alcohol use (PAU) among college students. Participants: Twenty focus groups and nine interviews were conducted. Methods: Transcripts were thematically analyzed. Results: The phases of the Bystander Intervention for Problematic Alcohol Use Model (BIPAUM) include: (1) plan in advance, (2) notice and interpret a sign, (3) decide (i.e., assume responsibility, assess support/feasibility to intervene, and identify intervention strategy), (4) intervene, and (5) assess outcomes. Assessing outcomes loops to influence future behavior and each phase is influenced by barriers and facilitators. Conclusions: These unique phases should be considered when designing and evaluating intervention programs for PAU to meet students' needs and better reduce PAU. Future research should empirically test the BIPAUM. The results of the current study demonstrate a promising opportunity for applying BI to PAU, with the goal of reducing risky drinking among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Yoder
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte
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42
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Goh FW, Stevens JR. Social Influences on Similarity Judgments and Intertemporal Choice. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231195540. [PMID: 37579056 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231195540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Discounting models are commonly applied to understand intertemporal choices. Similarity models provide an alternative, attribute-based approach where people compare the similarity of reward amounts and time delays for options and decide based on dissimilarity. Knowledge of other people's similarity judgments may affect an individual's similarity judgments, which can in turn affect subsequent intertemporal choices. We investigated the potential effects of social influence across three studies by having participants make similarity judgments and intertemporal choices before and after viewing other people's similarity judgments. We found that participants preferred larger but delayed intertemporal choice options more after they viewed similarity judgments that suggested a preference for larger, later rewards. Additionally, this change in preference seemed to result from a shift in participants' personal similarity judgments for reward amount and time delay pairs to match the social information. Our findings suggest that social information about similarity judgments can shape intertemporal choices, which can potentially be used to help increase people's preferences for options that benefit them in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine W Goh
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Stevens
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Cunningham SJ, Hutchison J, Ellis N, Hezelyova I, Wood LA. The cost of social influence: Own-gender and gender-stereotype social learning biases in adolescents and adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290122. [PMID: 37566606 PMCID: PMC10420340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pervasive gender gaps in academic subject and career choices are likely to be underpinned by social influences, including gender stereotypes of competence in academic and career domains (e.g., men excel at engineering, women excel at care), and model-based social learning biases (i.e., selective copying of particular individuals). Here, we explore the influence of gender stereotypes on social learning decisions in adolescent and adult males and females. Participants (Exp 1: N = 69 adolescents; Exp 2: N = 265 adults) were presented with 16 difficult multiple-choice questions from stereotypically feminine (e.g., care) and masculine (e.g., engineering) domains. The answer choices included the correct response and three incorrect responses paired with a male model, a female model, or no model. Participants' gender stereotype knowledge and endorsement were measured, and adolescents (Exp. 1) listed their academic subject choices. As predicted, there was a bias towards copying answers paired with a model (Exp.1: 74%, Exp. 2: 65% ps < .001). This resulted in less success than would be expected by chance (Exp. 1: 12%, Exp. 2: 16% ps < .001), demonstrating a negative consequence of social information. Adults (Exp 2) showed gender stereotyped social learning biases; they were more likely to copy a male model in masculine questions and a female model in feminine questions (p = .012). However, adolescents (Exp 1) showed no evidence of this stereotype bias; rather, there was a tendency for male adolescents to copy male models regardless of domain (p = .004). This own-gender bias was not apparent in female adolescents. In Exp 1, endorsement of masculine stereotypes was positively associated with selecting more own-gender typical academic subjects at school and copying significantly more male models in the male questions. The current study provides evidence for the first time that decision-making in both adolescence and adulthood is impacted by gender biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila J. Cunningham
- Division of Psychology and Forensic Sciences, School of Applied Sciences Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqui Hutchison
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Ellis
- Division of Psychology and Forensic Sciences, School of Applied Sciences Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Hezelyova
- Division of Psychology and Forensic Sciences, School of Applied Sciences Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Lara A. Wood
- Division of Psychology and Forensic Sciences, School of Applied Sciences Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Seeherunwong A, Tipayamongkholgul M, Angsukiattitavorn S, Muangsakul W, Singkhon O, Junda S, Sittichai R, Ondee P, Aekplakorn W. Association between socioecological factors and electronic cigarette use among Thai youth: an institution-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069083. [PMID: 37451713 PMCID: PMC10351228 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine cigarette use distribution, pattern of e-cigarette use and to determine socioecological model (SEM) factors associated with e-cigarette use among Thai youth (aged 15-24). DESIGN An institution-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS The study conducted in five regions: the north, south, central, northeast and Bangkok area of Thailand from May to October 2021. An internet-based, self-administered questionnaire was developed based on the SEM. We enrolled 13 139 students who understood Thai and voluntarily consented to participate in the study. Hierarchical generalised estimating equations identified the related factors to e-cigarette use consistent with the SEM. RESULTS Of 12 948 respondents (95.5%), 181 were excluded due to a lack of cigarette use status. Of 12 767, the prevalence of cigarette use was 4.3%, e-cigarette use was 3.5% and dual-use was 2.4%. E-cigarettes were a much more favourable choice among female youth than cigarettes. E-cigarette users tended to express more positive beliefs towards e-cigarettes than non-users. Although the use of e-cigarettes is illegal in Thailand, 66% of users obtained e-cigarettes from online markets and 4% from grocery stores. We found that having a girlfriend or boyfriend who uses e-cigarettes increased the odds of e-cigarette use by 3.239 times. Interestingly, higher odds of e-cigarette use were associated with peer use than with sibling use among e-cigarette users. (Adjusted OR 2.786, 95% CI 1.844 to 4.208 and 2.485, 95% CI 1.402 to 4.404, respectively). Exposure to e-cigarette use in school increased the odds of e-cigarette use by four times. CONCLUSION This institution-based cross-sectional study revealed that youth e-cigarette use is a significant problem. To prevent the increasing rate of e-cigarette use, health literacy about e-cigarette use, including media and information literacy, should be launched across all levels of the school environment to enlist youth to stand against the negative impacts of e-cigarette use among all those of school age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharaporn Seeherunwong
- Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Mahidol University Faculty of Nursing, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Onnalin Singkhon
- School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Sangdao Junda
- Boromarajonani College of Nursing Khon kaen, Khon kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Pasitta Ondee
- Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wichai Aekplakorn
- Community Medicine, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Le HN, Trinh TA, Cuenen A, Janssens D, Wets G, Brijs K. Identification of beliefs determining wrong lane riding intentions among Vietnamese adolescent two-wheeled riders: An Expectancy-Value approach. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2023; 85:348-360. [PMID: 37330884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Vietnam, road traffic crashes are one of the leading causes of death and serious injury in adolescents, especially in the 15-19-year age group. Wrong lane riding (WLR) is seen as the most common risky behavior of adolescent two-wheeled riders. This study (a) tested the expectancy-value model held to underpin the key determinants of behavioral intention (i.e., attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control) as proposed by the Theory of Planned Behavior, and (b) identified appropriate targets for road safety interventions. METHOD A cluster random sample of 200 adolescent two-wheeled riders in Ho Chi Minh City participated in a cross-sectional study designed to measure the variables of interest (i.e., behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, control beliefs, and intention towards wrong lane riding). RESULTS The results of hierarchical multiple regression lend clear support for the expectancy-value theory as an approach to model the different belief components behind the key determinants of behavioral intention. CONCLUSION Road safety interventions aimed at reducing WLR among Vietnamese adolescent two-wheeled riders would best target both the cognitive and the affective components of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Interestingly, the sample investigated in this study is rather negatively predisposed toward WLR. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS It is recommended to further strengthen and stabilize these safety-oriented beliefs, and to develop the required implementation intentions to guarantee that the appropriate goal intentions in terms of WLR are translated into action. More research is needed to see whether the commission of WLR can also be explained in function of a reactive pathway, or is exclusively under volitional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Nam Le
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; UHasselt, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Tu Anh Trinh
- Institute of Smart City and Management (ISCM), University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ariane Cuenen
- UHasselt, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Davy Janssens
- UHasselt, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Geert Wets
- UHasselt, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Kris Brijs
- UHasselt, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
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Poulos A, Wilson K, Ramella K. Promoting children's health and well-being through structured recreation during online recess. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2023; 38:254-267. [PMID: 36594586 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recess is a critical source of physical, social and emotional health and well-being for children, but generally not prioritized during online learning. A 13-week structured recreation intervention was delivered virtually during recess to students in the fifth and sixth grades (age 10-12 years; N = 71) at one elementary school (Phoenix, AZ, USA). We used embedded mixed method with a prospective pre-/post-design to measure change in student-reported emotion and qualities of engagement in an online setting. Students completed an online pre-/post-survey to measure emotion and motivational responses (enjoyment, competence and relatedness). We used narrative notes to qualitatively assess student engagement during programming. Differences in student-reported emotion were analyzed using paired t-tests. The effect of motivational responses on emotion was analyzed using multiple regression analyses. In vivo coding and concept coding were used to analyze qualitative data. We found no statistically significant differences in student-reported emotion; however, student relationships with peers predicted increased positive and decreased negative emotions after the intervention. Seven categories promoted student engagement: challenging, enjoyable, experiential, practical, purposeful, relatable and relevant. School-based health practitioners can offer structured activities virtually during recess, when in-person learning is interrupted and in all-online settings, to promote emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Poulos
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Kylie Wilson
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Kelly Ramella
- School of Community Resources and Development, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Kågström A, Juríková L, Guerrero Z. Developmentally appropriate mental health literacy content for school-aged children and adolescents. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e25. [PMID: 37854395 PMCID: PMC10579665 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although improving the mental health of children and adolescents has become a global priority, resources outlining developmentally appropriate content for improving mental health literacy (MHL) across school-aged children are scarce. A comprehensive, life-course approach to building MHL is needed to address the evolving competencies, needs, capacities, and risk factors for mental health, especially to establish school-based interventions that can be equitably and sustainably implemented. We conducted a theoretical review highlighting the relation of research and practice in building MHL through developmentally appropriate knowledge and competencies for children and adolescents. A two-pronged review of the literature was conducted to provide an overview of (1) research with a focus on neurobiological, psychological, cognitive, and social developmental milestones of school-aged children relevant for building MHL and (2) evidence-based and theory-driven content for the development of universal MHL interventions for children and adolescents considering the four components of MHL. A map of relevant key milestones highlights the range of development that occurs and ample opportunity for increasing universal MHL during these sensitive years primed for learning. We reflect on current understandings and global considerations for MHL interventions with an emphasis on applying developmental science to the future strengthening of intervention development, uptake, adaptation, implementation, evaluation, and scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kågström
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- WHO Collaborating Center for Public Mental Health Research and Service Development, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Juríková
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zoe Guerrero
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- WHO Collaborating Center for Public Mental Health Research and Service Development, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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Luukkonen J, Tarkiainen L, Martikainen P, Remes H. Minimum legal drinking age and alcohol-attributable morbidity and mortality by age 63 years: a register-based cohort study based on alcohol reform. Lancet Public Health 2023; 8:e339-e346. [PMID: 37120258 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) is an effective policy tool in preventing youth drinking and short-term alcohol-attributable harm, but studies concerning long-term associations are scarce. METHODS In this register-based, national cohort study, we assessed alcohol-attributable morbidity and mortality of cohorts born in 1944-54 in Finland. Data were from the 1970 census, the Care Register for Healthcare (maintained by the Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare), and the Cause-of-Death Register (maintained by Statistics Finland). As MLDA was lowered from 21 years to 18 years in 1969, these cohorts were effectively allowed to buy alcohol from different ages (18-21 years). We used survival analysis to compare their alcohol-attributable mortality and hospitalisations with a 36-year follow-up. FINDINGS Compared with the first cohort (1951) allowed to buy alcohol from age 18, the hazard ratios (HRs) for alcohol-attributable morbidity and mortality were lower in cohorts who could not buy alcohol until age 20 or 21 years. For alcohol-attributable morbidity in those aged 21 years when the reform took place, HR was 0·89 (95% CI 0·86-0·93) for men and 0·87 (0·81-0·94) for women versus those aged 17 years. For alcohol-attributable mortality, HR was 0·86 (0·79-0·93) for men and 0·78 (0·66-0·92) for women aged 21 years when the reform took place. The outcomes of the later-born 1952-54 cohorts did not differ from the 1951 cohort. INTERPRETATION Earlier cohorts had consistently lower alcohol-attributable mortality and morbidity; however, other simultaneous increases in alcohol availability probably contributed to increased alcohol-related harm among the younger cohorts. Overall, differences between cohorts born only a few years apart highlight late adolescence as a crucial period for the establishment of lifelong patterns of alcohol use and suggest that higher MLDA could be protective for health beyond young adulthood. FUNDING Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation, Foundation for Economic Education, Emil Aaltonen Foundation, Academy of Finland, European Research Council, and NordForsk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Luukkonen
- Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Lasse Tarkiainen
- Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Urban and Regional Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Martikainen
- Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany; Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Remes
- Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Koyama Y, Fujiwara T. Competitiveness, country economic inequality and adolescent well-being: Analysis of 60 countries. Soc Sci Med 2023; 325:115892. [PMID: 37043894 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Competitiveness might impact on adolescent well-being considering the social salience distinct from the other age groups. However, there is only sizable research on competitiveness and well-being. Also, most previous studies did not distinguish between individual-level and country-level competitiveness and lacked consideration of contextual effects such as country inequality. METHODS Using cross-sectional data from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), we analyzed individual- and country-level competitiveness and its interaction with country inequality in relation to well-being (life satisfaction and purpose of life) in approximately 350,000 adolescents from 60 countries. Competitiveness and well-being were assessed via questionnaires. The Gini index retrieved from the World Bank was used for country inequality. A multilevel model was applied. RESULTS Individual-level competitiveness was positively associated with both life satisfaction (β = 0.087, 95%CI = 0.084 to 0.091) and purpose of life (β = 0.214, 95%CI = 0.211 to 0.217), while country-level competitiveness was not. Although adolescents in the least unequal countries were satisfied with life the most and those in the most unequal countries reported the strongest purpose of life, there observed a nonlinear effect modification as a stronger association in middle unequal countries (p for interaction <0.05) compared to both less and more unequal countries. DISCUSSION Individual-level competitiveness was positively associated with life satisfaction and purpose of life. The stronger association between competitiveness and well-being in middle unequal countries suggested that encouraging adolescents to compete within their activities or competition may work to mitigate the impact of country inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Koyama
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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Minich M, Falk EB, Cooper N, Cosme D, Chan HY, Pei R, O'Donnell MB, Cascio CN. Neural correlates associated with conformity in adolescent and young adult men. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101215. [PMID: 36841181 PMCID: PMC9982604 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Social influence affects us throughout our lives, shaping our attitudes, behaviors, and preferences. Thus, the current study aimed to examine whether key age groups (adolescence versus young adulthood) were associated with differences in neural correlates associated with processing social feedback and conformity (i.e., conflict detection, positive valuation, and mentalizing) among young men. We recruited 153 participants across 5 studies, who completed a social influence task during an fMRI scan. Overall, participants were more likely to conform by changing their ratings when misaligned with others, and adolescents were more likely to conform when misaligned (compared to aligned) with others compared to young adults. Further, we found that adolescents showed increased activity in mentalizing (TPJ, dmPFC) and positive valuation regions (VS, vmPFC), compared to young adults, in response to misalignment with others. In contrast, young adults showed increased activity in conflict detection regions (AI, dACC) when exposed to feedback that they were misaligned with others and when conforming to that feedback. Overall, our results offer initial evidence that adolescent and young adult men engage different neural processes when they find out they are misaligned with others and when conforming to the recommendations of others, and this difference appears to track with brain responses in conflict detection, mentalizing and value regions. DATA STATEMENT: Raw data and analysis codes are available upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Minich
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | - Rui Pei
- University of Pennsylvania, United States; Stanford University, United States
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