1
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Tomotani BM, Strauß AFT, Kishkinev D, van de Haar H, Helm B. Circadian clock period length is not consistently linked to chronotype in a wild songbird. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39256897 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Circadian clock properties vary between individuals and relate to variation in entrained timing in captivity. How this variation translates into behavioural differences in natural settings, however, is poorly understood. Here, we tested in great tits whether variation in the free-running period length (tau) under constant dim light (LL) was linked to the phase angle of the entrained rhythm ("chronotype") in captivity and in the wild, as recently indicated in our study species. We also assessed links between tau and the timing of first activity onset and offset under LL relative to the last experienced light-dark (LD) cycle. We kept 66 great tits, caught in two winters, in LL for 14 days and subsequently released them with a radio transmitter back to the wild, where their activity and body temperature rhythms were tracked for 1 to 22 days. For a subset of birds, chronotype was also recorded in the lab before release. Neither wild nor lab chronotypes were related to tau. We also found no correlation between lab and wild chronotypes. However, the first onset in LL had a positive relationship with tau, but only in males. Our results demonstrate that links between tau and phase of entrainment, postulated on theoretical grounds, may not consistently hold under natural conditions, possibly due to strong masking. This calls for more holistic research on how the many components of the circadian system interact with the environment to shape timing in the wild. Wild birds showed chronotypes in the field that were unlinked to their circadian period length tau measured in captivity. In males only, the first onset of activity after exposure to constant dim light did correlate with tau. Our study emphasises the need to investigate clocks in the real world, including a need to better understand masking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Tomotani
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, AB, The Netherlands
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Aurelia F T Strauß
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, AB, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Huib van de Haar
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, AB, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Helm
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland
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2
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Cox RC, Wright KP, Axelsson J, Balter LJT. Diurnal variation in anxiety and activity is influenced by chronotype and probable anxiety-related disorder status. Psychiatry Res 2024; 338:116006. [PMID: 38850890 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety symptoms vary moment-to-moment within a day. One factor that may influence these variations is chronotype. Evening chronotypes prefer to engage in activities (e.g., sleep, physical and social activity) later in the day, and evening chronotype is implicated in psychopathology, including anxiety-related disorders. However, it is unknown whether chronotype influences diurnal variation in anxiety symptoms and whether these effects are amplified in individuals with a probable anxiety-related disorder. We examined the diurnal variation in anxiety symptoms and daily activities in morning and evening chronotypes with and without probable generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in a community sample of adults (N = 410). Evening chronotypes reported higher anxiety symptoms, particularly in the evening hours, and lower engagement in daily activities, predominantly in the morning hours. Evening chronotypes with probable GAD or OCD reported worse anxiety symptoms in the evening. Our findings indicate that anxiety symptoms and engagement in daily activities fluctuate considerably across the day, and these patterns differ depending on chronotype. Evening chronotypes have more anxiety symptoms in the evening, despite preferring this time of day. Personalized treatment approaches that consider chronotype and target certain times of day may be efficient in alleviating peaks in anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Cox
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - John Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 19, Sweden
| | - Leonie J T Balter
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 19, Sweden.
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3
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Heikkala E, Oura P, Määttä J, Karppinen J, Merikanto I. Pressure Pain Sensitivity and Chronotype: A Population-based Study of Middle-aged Finns. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104473. [PMID: 38242335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Evening chronotype individuals experience pain more often than morning chronotypes, but relationships with pain sensitivity have rarely been studied. We examined whether chronotype is associated with pressure pain sensitivity, with special reference to mental health disorders, insomnia, and chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain as potential moderating factors. The study sample consisted of members of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 aged 46. Pressure pain threshold and tolerance were measured via the standardized protocol, categorized as lowest quartile versus others. Chronotype (morning [M; the reference], intermediate [I], and evening [E]) was defined using the Short Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire. Sex-stratified binary logistic regression models were separately adjusted for education, body mass index, long-term diseases (fully adjusted model), and for mental health disorders, insomnia, and chronic MSK pain (a residual confounding analysis). Interaction terms (Chronotype × Mental health/insomnia/chronic MSK pain) were tested. The study had 2,132 males and 2,830 females. The E-type males had 1.5-fold odds of having a low pain threshold (fully adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.05-2.00) and pressure pain tolerance (fully adjusted OR 1.47, 1.07-2.02), in comparison to M-types. Having a mental health disorder intensified the association with low pain threshold fourfold (4.06, 1.56-10.6). Being an E-type female was also associated with a low pain threshold, but the association was statistically nonsignificant (fully adjusted OR 1.18, .90-1.53). No statistically significant interactions were found among females. These results emphasize the role of chronotype in pain sensitivity and add an understanding of pain experience in light of innate circadian types. PERSPECTIVE: Male evening chronotypes are more sensitive to pain than morning chronotypes. Diagnosed mental health disorders in particular indicate a low pain threshold for evening chronotype males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveliina Heikkala
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Wellbeing Services County of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Petteri Oura
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juhani Määttä
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaro Karppinen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Rehabilitation Services of South Karelia Social and Health Care District, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Orton Orthopaedics Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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4
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Gachon F. Steve Brown's legacy: Tools to study the individual human molecular circadian clock and its regulation. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:3823-3827. [PMID: 38546102 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the genetic origin of the circadian clock in Drosophila melanogaster by Konopka and Benzer in 1971, most of the research about the regulation of the molecular circadian clock relies on laboratory models. Additional models such as Cyanobacteria, Neurospora crassa, Arabidopsis and rodents helped chronobiologists to describe the species-specific molecular clocks and their regulation. However, the lack of tools and the difficulty to access biological samples somehow excluded human from this research landscape outside behavioural research. Among many other impressive achievements, Steve Brown provided to the community of chronobiologists new tools and strategies to study the individual human circadian clock and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Gachon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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5
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da Silva Vallim JR, Tsuji HMS, Lima GS, Xylaras BDP, Louzada FM, Tufik S, D'Almeida V. Bimodal diurnal preference in undergraduate students is associated with negative health and sleep outcomes. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:780-788. [PMID: 38722065 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2349684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The bimodal preference is a fourth diurnal preference proposed by re-scoring the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. The present work aimed to describe the prevalence of the bimodal preference in a sample of undergraduate students and to characterize the bimodal type in terms of their health and sleep-related outcomes. A web-based cross-sectional study conducted between September 2018 and March 2021 (convenience sampling method). The sample was composed of undergraduate students who completed an electronic form that included the Morningness and Eveningness Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Self-Compassion Scale, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the World Health Organization Subjective Well-Being Index. The final sample consisted of 615 students (82% female, mean age: 23.4 ± 6.5 years), of whom 108 (18%) had positive bimodality indexes. Bimodal subjects comprised 48 students, 8% of the total sample. Bimodal subjects had poorer subjective sleep quality, more daytime sleepiness, lower subjective well-being, greater anxiety and depression symptoms, and lower self-compassion than morning and/or intermediate types; they did not differ from evening types. The description of bimodal diurnal preference in this population may be of interest for the design of academic policies more in line with the circadian reality of students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Sleep Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Keiser T, Katz S, Robson SM, Greaney JL, Healy S, Malone SK, Farrahi V, Patterson F. Association between time-of-day for eating, exercise, and sleep with blood pressure in adults with elevated blood pressure or hypertension: a systematic review. J Hypertens 2024; 42:951-960. [PMID: 38647159 PMCID: PMC11062822 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to synthesize results from studies examining the association between time-of-day for eating, exercise, and sleep with blood pressure (BP) in adults with elevated BP or hypertension. Six databases were searched for relevant publications from which 789 were identified. Ten studies met inclusion criteria. Four studies examined time-of-day for eating, five examined time-of-day for exercise, and one examined time-of-day for sleep and their associations with BP. Results suggested that later time-of-day for eating ( n = 2/4) and later sleep mid-point ( n = 1/1) were significantly related to higher BP in multivariable models, whereas morning ( n = 3/5) and evening ( n = 4/5) exercise were associated with significantly lower BP. Although this small body of work is limited by a lack of prospective, randomized controlled study designs and underutilization of 24 h ambulatory BP assessment, these results provide preliminary, hypothesis-generating support for the independent role of time-of-day for eating, exercise, and sleep with lower BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Keiser
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Sarah Katz
- Department of Library, Museums, and Press, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Shannon M Robson
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Jody L Greaney
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Sean Healy
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Susan K Malone
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Vahid Farrahi
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Freda Patterson
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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7
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Lahoud C, Merhi G, Kahwaji GJ, Lahoud R, Hallit S, Fekih-Romdhane F, Mattar H. Depression, Anxiety and Poor Sleep Quality are Associated with Chronotype and Financial Wellness in University Students. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241251457. [PMID: 38755110 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241251457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests the importance of a person's chronotype in predicting various aspects of an individual's physical and mental health. While the effect of depression on sleep is well established, the impact of a person's specific sleep timing and chronotype on the prevalence of both depression and anxiety has yet to be fully understood, especially among university students, vulnerable to mental health problems. In addition, other factors also seem to influence the occurrence of depression and anxiety among students as well as their quality of sleep, one of which being the students' financial wellness. The objective was to evaluate the association between chronotype and the severity and prevalence of depression among Lebanese university students, while also taking into account the possible connection between chronotype and financial wellness and both anxiety and sleep quality. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2021 and February 2022; 330 Lebanese university students was included (mean age 21.75 ± 2.43; 67.3% females). Results: The majority of the Lebanese university students in our sample were found to have an intermediate typology (63.0%), followed by the evening typology, which appeared to constitute 28.2% of the sample, while only 8.8% possessed a morning typology. In this study, having an intermediate or evening typology compared to a morning one was significantly associated with higher depression and worse sleep quality. In addition, having an evening chronotype compared to a morningness propensity was significantly associated with more anxiety. Conclusion: This study found a positive association between an evening typology (chronotype) and higher depression and anxiety and poorer quality of sleep. Although preliminary and based on cross-sectional data, this research could help provide a better understanding of the different chronotypes among university students, and of the possible increased susceptibility of some of these typologies (i.e., evening-type) to mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christele Lahoud
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Georges Merhi
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Georges-Junior Kahwaji
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Rachele Lahoud
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hanna Mattar
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Department of Neurology, Notre-Dame des Secours University Hospital, Byblos, Lebanon
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Kim S, Casement MD. Promoting adolescent sleep and circadian function: A narrative review on the importance of daylight access in schools. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:725-737. [PMID: 38616310 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2341156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent sleep disturbances and circadian delays pose significant challenges to mood and daytime functioning. In this narrative review, we explore the impact of light on sleep and highlight the importance of monitoring and managing light exposure in adolescents throughout the day and night. The benefits of daylight exposure in mitigating sleep and circadian disruptions are well-established; however, interventions targeting access to daylight in adolescents remain understudied and underutilized. The primary aim of this narrative review is to bring attention to this gap in the literature and propose the need for institutional-level interventions that promote access to daylight, especially considering adolescents' early school start times and substantial time spent indoors on weekdays. School-led interventions, such as active commuting to school and outdoor curriculums, have promising effects on sleep and circadian rhythms. Additionally, practical measures to optimize natural light in classrooms, including managing blinds and designing conducive environments, should also be considered. While future studies are necessary to facilitate the implementation of interventions, the potential for these school-level interventions to support adolescent sleep health is evident. Aiming for integration of individual-level regulation and institutional-level intervention of light exposure is necessary for optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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9
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Usmani IM, Dijk DJ, Skeldon AC. Mathematical Analysis of Light-sensitivity Related Challenges in Assessment of the Intrinsic Period of the Human Circadian Pacemaker. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:166-182. [PMID: 38317600 PMCID: PMC10996302 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231215844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Accurate assessment of the intrinsic period of the human circadian pacemaker is essential for a quantitative understanding of how our circadian rhythms are synchronized to exposure to natural and man-made light-dark (LD) cycles. The gold standard method for assessing intrinsic period in humans is forced desynchrony (FD) which assumes that the confounding effect of lights-on assessment of intrinsic period is removed by scheduling sleep-wake and associated dim LD cycles to periods outside the range of entrainment of the circadian pacemaker. However, the observation that the mean period of free-running blind people is longer than the mean period of sighted people assessed by FD (24.50 ± 0.17 h vs 24.15 ± 0.20 h, p < 0.001) appears inconsistent with this assertion. Here, we present a mathematical analysis using a simple parametric model of the circadian pacemaker with a sinusoidal velocity response curve (VRC) describing the effect of light on the speed of the oscillator. The analysis shows that the shorter period in FD may be explained by exquisite sensitivity of the human circadian pacemaker to low light intensities and a VRC with a larger advance region than delay region. The main implication of this analysis, which generates new and testable predictions, is that current quantitative models for predicting how light exposure affects entrainment of the human circadian system may not accurately capture the effect of dim light. The mathematical analysis generates new predictions which can be tested in laboratory experiments. These findings have implications for managing healthy entrainment of human circadian clocks in societies with abundant access to light sources with powerful biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran M. Usmani
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Anne C. Skeldon
- Department of Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research & Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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10
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Eto T, Nishimura Y, Ikeda H, Kubo T, Adan A, Kitamura S. The Japanese version of the reduced morningness-eveningness questionnaire. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:561-566. [PMID: 38557262 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2334048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Circadian typology, or "morningness" and "eveningness," is generally assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), a 19-item scale that could be burdensome in large-scale surveys. To overcome this, a 5-item version known as the reduced morningness-eveningness questionnaire (rMEQ), which is sensitive to the assessment of circadian typology, was developed; however, a validated Japanese version of the rMEQ is yet to be established. This study aimed to develop and validate the Japanese version of the rMEQ. Five essential items for the rMEQ were selected from existing Japanese MEQ data (N = 2,213), and the rMEQ was compiled. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis for the psychometric properties of the rMEQ and confirmed its robust one-factor structure for evaluating morningness-eveningness (GFI = 0.984, AGFI = 0.951, CFI = 0.935, and RMSEA = 0.091). Reliability was evaluated via internal consistency of rMEQ items using Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω, and the values were 0.618 and 0.654, respectively. The rMEQ scores strongly correlated with MEQ (ρ = 0.883, p < 0.001), and classification agreement (Morning, Neither, and Evening types) between rMEQ and MEQ was 77.6% (Cramer's V = 0.643, Weighted Cohen's κ = 0.72), confirming the validity. The Japanese rMEQ may be a valuable tool for the efficient assessment of circadian typologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Eto
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishimura
- Occupational Stress and Health Management Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ikeda
- Ergonomics Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohide Kubo
- Occupational Stress and Health Management Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Ana Adan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shingo Kitamura
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
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11
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von Schantz M, Knutson K. Do not take their word for it-moving towards objective measures in sleep epidemiology. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae009. [PMID: 38204329 PMCID: PMC10925820 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm von Schantz
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Kristen Knutson
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Palmero LB, Tortajada M, Martínez-Pérez V, Sandoval-Lentisco A, Campoy G, Fuentes LJ. Circadian modulation of the time course of automatic and controlled semantic processing. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:378-392. [PMID: 38317372 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2312806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
We investigated whether chronotype and time-of-day modulate the time course of automatic and controlled semantic processing. Participants performed a category semantic priming task at either the optimal or non-optimal time of day. We varied the prime-target onset asynchrony (100-, 450-, 650-, and 850-ms SOAs) and kept the percentage of unrelated targets constant at 80%. Automatic processing was expected with the short SOA, and controlled processing with longer SOAs. Intermediate-types (Experiment 1) verified that our task was sensitive to capturing both types of processes and served as a reference to assess themin extreme chronotypes. Morning-type and evening-type participants (Experiment 2) differed in the influence of time of testing on priming effects. Morning-types applied control in all conditions, and no performance modulation by time-of-day was observed. In contrast, evening-types were most adversely affected by the time of day to shift from automatic-based to controlled-based responses. Also, they were considerably affected in successfully implementing controlled processing with long intervals, particularly at the non-optimal time of day, with inhibitory priming showing only a marginally significant effect at the longest SOA. These results suggest that extreme chronotypes may be associated with different styles of cognitive control. Morning-types would be driven by a proactive control style, whereas a reactive control style might be applied by evening-types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía B Palmero
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Tortajada
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Víctor Martínez-Pérez
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Campoy
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis J Fuentes
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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13
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Lau SCL, Connor LT, Skidmore ER. Associations of Circadian Rest-Activity Rhythms With Affect and Cognition in Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors: An Ambulatory Assessment Study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2024; 38:197-206. [PMID: 38318642 DOI: 10.1177/15459683241230027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rest-activity rhythm (RAR) is a modifiable behavioral factor associated with affect and cognition. Identifying RAR characteristics associated with affect and cognition among stroke survivors provides insight into preventing poststroke affective and cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of RAR characteristics with affect and cognition among community-dwelling stroke survivors. METHODS Forty participants with mild stroke (mean age = 52.8; 42.5% female; 55% White) reported their affect and cognitive complaints using ecological momentary assessment and wore an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days and completed the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery. RAR characteristics were extracted using parametric and non-parametric approaches. Multivariable linear regressions were used to identify RAR characteristics associated with affect and cognition. RESULTS Later onset of rest (B = 0.45; P = .008) and activity (B = 0.36; P = .041) were positively associated with depressed affect. These associations were reversed for cheerful effect (rest onset: B = -0.42; P = .017; activity onset: B = -0.39; P = .033). Cheerful affect was also positively associated with relative amplitude (ie, distinctions in activity levels between rest and activity; B = .39; P = .030). Intra-daily variability (ie, RAR fragmentation; B = 0.35; P = .042) and later onset of activity (B = .36; P = .048) were positively associated with cognitive complaints. Less erratic RAR was positively associated with fluid cognition (B = 0.29; P = .036); RAR fragmentation was positively associated with crystallized cognition (B = 0.39; P = .015). CONCLUSIONS We identified RAR correlates of affect and cognition among stroke survivors, highlighting the value of managing RAR and sleep in stroke rehabilitation. Future studies should test whether advancing the onset of rest and activity, promoting a regular active lifestyle, and improving rest and sleep in the nighttime protect stroke survivors from affective and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C L Lau
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Tabor Connor
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Skidmore
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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14
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Cox RC, Ritchie HK, Knauer OA, Guerin MK, Stothard ER, Wright KP. Chronotype and Affective Response to Sleep Restriction and Subsequent Sleep Deprivation. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:35-48. [PMID: 37539684 PMCID: PMC10838359 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231188204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Prior research indicates that sleep restriction, sleep deprivation, and circadian misalignment diminish positive affect, whereas effects on negative affect are inconsistent. One potential factor that may influence an individual's affective response to sleep restriction, sleep deprivation, and circadian misalignment is chronotype. Later chronotypes generally report higher negative affect and lower positive affect under typical sleep conditions; however, there is mixed evidence for an influence of chronotype on affective responses to sleep restriction and sleep deprivation. The present study examined the effect of chronotype on positive and negative affect during sleep restriction and subsequent total sleep deprivation. Sixteen healthy adults (Mage = 28.2 years, SDage = 11.6 years) were classified as earlier or later chronotypes using multiple chronotype definitions: morningness-eveningness (MEQ), mid-sleep on free days corrected (MSFsc), habitual mid-sleep timing, dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), and phase relationship between DLMO and bedtime. Participants completed a 10-day protocol with one night of sleep restriction and subsequent 28 h total sleep deprivation. Affect was assessed hourly during scheduled wakefulness with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Data were analyzed with mixed-model analyses of variance (ANOVAs). During sleep restriction and subsequent sleep deprivation, positive affect decreased and negative affect increased. Across all chronotype measures, relatively later chronotypes demonstrated vulnerability to increased negative affect during sleep loss. The influence of chronotype on positive affect during sleep loss varied by chronotype measure. These findings suggest later chronotypes are more vulnerable to affective impairments during sleep loss and circadian misalignment, even when late chronotype is not extreme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C. Cox
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Hannah K. Ritchie
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Oliver A. Knauer
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Molly K. Guerin
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Ellen R. Stothard
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
- Colorado Sleep Institute, Boulder, CO
| | - Kenneth P. Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
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15
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Nunes PP, Resende CM, Barros Silva ED, Piones Bastos DC, Ramires Filho MLM, Leocadio-Miguel MA, Pedrazzoli M, Sobreira-Neto MA, de Andrade TG, Góes Gitaí LL, Teles F. Hemodialysis-induced chronodisruption and chronotype distribution in patients with chronic kidney disease. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:283-293. [PMID: 38311937 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2306838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Changes in circadian rhythms have been observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and evidence suggests that these changes can have a negative impact on health. This study aimed to investigate the existence of hemodialysis-induced chronodisruption, the chronotype distribution, and their association with sleep quality and quality of life (QoL). This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 165 patients (mean age: 51.1 ± 12.5 y, 60.6% male) undergoing hemodialysis from three local units. The following instruments were used: the Morning-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ); a modified version of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCQT) to estimate hemodialysis-induced chronodisruption (HIC); the Kidney Disease QoL Short Form (KDQOL-SF); the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS); the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the 10-Cognitive Screener (10-CS). HIC was present in 40.6% of CKD patients. Morning chronotype was prevalent in CKD patients (69%) compared to evening-type (17.1%) and significantly different from a paired sample from the general population (p < 0.001). HIC and chronotype were associated with different domains of QoL but not with sleep quality. This study suggests that there is a HIC and that morning chronotype is associated with CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis, with implications for QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario Pedrazzoli
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Gomes de Andrade
- Circadian Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Lívia Leite Góes Gitaí
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Flávio Teles
- Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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16
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Bessot N, Margas N. Development and validation of a French version of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:81-92. [PMID: 38192007 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2297960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate a French version (FMEQ) of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ). Study 1 consisted of a translation by experts and an evaluation. The FMEQ and MEQ were proposed to 19 bilingual participants (age = 38.7 ± 13.7 years). Strong correlations between MEQ and FMEQ were obtained for most items. Study 2 tested the factorial structure and reliability of the FMEQ on a sample of 187 participants (20.46 ± 1.31 years). The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the model had a good fit (χ2/df = 1.8; SRMR = 0.057) and a good reliability (Cronbach's alphas = 0.8). Concerning the temporal stability (20 participants: 20.48 ± 1.04 years), the Pearson r correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.87 (p < 0.001). Study 3 examined the predictive validity with 42 participants (19.52 ± 2.08 years). The global score of the FMEQ was significantly correlated with the time of peak temperature, wake-up time and bedtime. We did not observe superiority of a three-factors solution of the FMEQ. From now on, French subjects chronotype could be rigorously scored, and results from MEQ and FMEQ could be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bessot
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Margas
- Institut des Sciences du Sport, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Suisse
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17
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Skeldon AC, Rodriguez Garcia T, Cleator SF, della Monica C, Ravindran KKG, Revell VL, Dijk DJ. Method to determine whether sleep phenotypes are driven by endogenous circadian rhythms or environmental light by combining longitudinal data and personalised mathematical models. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011743. [PMID: 38134229 PMCID: PMC10817199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep timing varies between individuals and can be altered in mental and physical health conditions. Sleep and circadian sleep phenotypes, including circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, may be driven by endogenous physiological processes, exogeneous environmental light exposure along with social constraints and behavioural factors. Identifying the relative contributions of these driving factors to different phenotypes is essential for the design of personalised interventions. The timing of the human sleep-wake cycle has been modelled as an interaction of a relaxation oscillator (the sleep homeostat), a stable limit cycle oscillator with a near 24-hour period (the circadian process), man-made light exposure and the natural light-dark cycle generated by the Earth's rotation. However, these models have rarely been used to quantitatively describe sleep at the individual level. Here, we present a new Homeostatic-Circadian-Light model (HCL) which is simpler, more transparent and more computationally efficient than other available models and is designed to run using longitudinal sleep and light exposure data from wearable sensors. We carry out a systematic sensitivity analysis for all model parameters and discuss parameter identifiability. We demonstrate that individual sleep phenotypes in each of 34 older participants (65-83y) can be described by feeding individual participant light exposure patterns into the model and fitting two parameters that capture individual average sleep duration and timing. The fitted parameters describe endogenous drivers of sleep phenotypes. We then quantify exogenous drivers using a novel metric which encodes the circadian phase dependence of the response to light. Combining endogenous and exogeneous drivers better explains individual mean mid-sleep (adjusted R-squared 0.64) than either driver on its own (adjusted R-squared 0.08 and 0.17 respectively). Critically, our model and analysis highlights that different people exhibiting the same sleep phenotype may have different driving factors and opens the door to personalised interventions to regularize sleep-wake timing that are readily implementable with current digital health technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C. Skeldon
- School of Mathematics & Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Thalia Rodriguez Garcia
- School of Mathematics & Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Sean F. Cleator
- School of Mathematics & Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Ciro della Monica
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Kiran K. G. Ravindran
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria L. Revell
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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18
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Tong X, Gao MM, Zhang L, Song JG, Feng Y, Tao Y, Zhu LJ, Wen LY, Jin YL, Chang WW. Chronotypes and their association with sleep quality among Chinese college students of Anhui Province: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076782. [PMID: 37984950 PMCID: PMC10660650 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of chronotype and sleep quality among Chinese college students and explore the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Four colleges and universities in Anhui, China, between November and December 2020. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4768 college students were recruited using a stratified, multistage, cluster sampling survey. OUTCOME MEASURES Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire 19 was used to determine the chronotype of the students and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure their sleep quality. The multiple logistic regression model was used to explore the potential association between chronotype and sleep quality. RESULTS The self-reported proportions of evening-type (E-type), neutral-type and morning-type among college students were 51.17%, 45.14% and 3.69%, respectively. The mean PSQI score was 4.97±2.82 and the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 18.2%. After adjusting the covariates by multiple logistic regression analysis, E-type was positively associated with subjective sleep quality (OR=1.671, 95% CI 1.414 to 1.975), sleep latency (OR=1.436, 95% CI 1.252 to 1.647), sleep duration (OR=2.149, 95% CI 1.506 to 3.067), habitual sleep efficiency (OR=1.702, 95% CI 1.329 to 2.180), daytime dysfunction (OR=1.602, 95% CI 1.412 to 1.818) and overall poor sleep quality (OR=1.866, 95% CI 1.586 to 2.196). CONCLUSIONS College students mainly exhibited E-type, and an elevated prevalence of poor sleep quality existed among these students. The E-type was positively associated with poor sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Mei-Mei Gao
- Department of Ideological and Political Education, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Hospital Infection Management Office, Wuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, China
| | - Jian-Gen Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yujing Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Ying Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yue-Long Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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19
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Dwivedi A, Malik S, Rani S. Evaluation of social jetlag and chronotypes in Indian school-going adolescents. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:1137-1142. [PMID: 38249148 PMCID: PMC10795660 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_72_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background School-going students' school time acts as a zeitgeber during the weekdays, and in the weekends, due to the absence of the zeitgeber, they show free run and wake up late in the morning. This may result in poor health hazards in adolescents. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of social jetlag along with the distribution of their chronotype in school-going adolescents. Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted between May and June 2019 with the help of the MCTQ (Munich Chronotype Questionnaire) and MEQ (Morningness and Eveningness Questionnaire) in the adolescent population (N = 1154). Statistical Analysis The study was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test to compare continuous variables of sleep parameters between workdays and free days. The significance was taken at P < 0.05. Results The results showed that out of the total population, 81% were morning type and 67% of adolescents were socially jetlagged. There was a significant delay in the time to bed on free days by 1.88 hours and a significant delay in the wake-up time by 2.46 hours. The total sleep duration was also significantly higher on free days by 1.88 hours in the population. Conclusion This is our first study in the Indian population to show that morning-type individuals showed irregular sleep timings and were more socially jetlagged. This needs to be focused on by the school authorities and government to keep a flexible school timing for the students on the basis of their chronotype for their better academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Dwivedi
- Department of Zoology, Biological Rhythm Research Unit, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalie Malik
- Department of Zoology, Biological Rhythm Research Unit, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangeeta Rani
- Department of Zoology, Biological Rhythm Research Unit, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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20
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Glaros Z, Carvalho RE, Flynn-Evans EE. An Evaluation of Sleepiness, Performance, and Workload Among Operators During a Real-Time Reactive Telerobotic Lunar Mission Simulation. HUMAN FACTORS 2023; 65:1173-1182. [PMID: 34865553 DOI: 10.1177/00187208211056756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed operator performance during a real-time reactive telerobotic lunar mission simulation to understand how daytime versus nighttime operations might affect sleepiness, performance, and workload. BACKGROUND Control center operations present factors that can influence sleepiness, neurobehavioral performance, and workload. Each spaceflight mission poses unique challenges that make it difficult to predict how long operators can safely and accurately conduct operations. We aimed to evaluate the performance impact of time-on-task and time-of-day using a simulated telerobotic lunar rover to better inform staffing and scheduling needs for the upcoming Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER) mission. METHODS We studied seven trained operators in a simulated mission control environment. Operators completed two five-hour simulations in a randomized order, beginning at noon and midnight. Performance was evaluated every 25 minutes using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, Psychomotor Vigilance Task, and NASA Task Load Index. RESULTS Participants rated themselves as sleepier (5.06 ± 2.28) on the midnight compared to the noon simulation (3.12 ± 1.44; p < .001). Reaction time worsened over time during the midnight simulation but did not vary between simulations. Workload was rated higher during the noon (37.93 ± 20.09) compared to the midnight simulation (32.09 ± 21.74; p = .007). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that work shifts during future operations should be limited in duration to minimize sleepiness. Our findings also suggest that working during the day, when distractions are present, increases perceived workload. Further research is needed to understand how working consecutive shifts and taking breaks within a shift influence performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Glaros
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA
- San José State University, San José, CA, USA
| | | | - Erin E Flynn-Evans
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA
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21
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Arrona-Palacios A, Díaz-Morales JF, Duffy JF. The influence of a permanent double-shift school start time on adolescent sleep and chronotype across different age groups. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:850-863. [PMID: 37212086 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2215343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to explore the differences in sleep habits and chronotype across different age groups in Mexican adolescents attending a permanent double-shift school system. This cross-sectional study consisted of 1,969 (1,084 girls) students from public elementary, secondary, and high schools, as well as undergraduate university students from Mexico. Age range was 10-22 [15.33 ± 3.28 (mean ± SD)] years, 988 morning shift and 981 afternoon shift students. Questions regarding usual self-reported bedtime and rise time were collected, and from that, estimates for time in bed, midpoint of sleep, social jetlag, and chronotype were evaluated. Afternoon shift students reported later rise times, bedtimes, midpoint of sleep, and longer time in bed on school days than morning shift students, as well as less social jetlag. Overall, afternoon shift students reported a later chronotype than morning shift students. Peak lateness of chronotype in afternoon shift students was at age 15, with girls peaking at age 14 and boys at age 15. Meanwhile, morning shift students reported peak lateness of chronotype around age 20. In this study, adolescents from different age ranges attending an extremely delayed school start time reported adequate sleep compared with adolescents attending a fixed morning school start time. In addition, the analysis presented in this study seems to suggest that the peak of late chronotype may be influenced by school start times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Arrona-Palacios
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Writing Lab, Institute for the Future of Education, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Juan F Díaz-Morales
- Department of Social Psychology, Work and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Tomotani BM, Timpen F, Spoelstra K. Ingrained city rhythms: flexible activity timing but more persistent circadian pace in urban birds. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222605. [PMID: 37192668 PMCID: PMC10188242 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanization dramatically increases the amount of light at night, which may disrupt avian circadian organization. We measured activity patterns of great tits breeding in the city and forest, and subsequently measured two clock properties of these birds under controlled conditions: tau (endogenous circadian clock speed) and after-effects (history dependency of the clock relative to previous conditions). City and forest birds showed a high repeatability of activity onset (0.60 and 0.41, respectively), with no difference between habitats after controlling for date effects. Activity duration and offset showed more variance, without a difference between birds from the two habitats. Tau did not differ between city and forest birds, however, city birds showed stronger after-effects, taking more days to revert to their endogenous circadian period. Finally, onset of activity was correlated with clocks speed in both habitats. Our results suggest that potential differences in activity timing of city birds is not caused by different clock speeds, but by a direct response to light. Persistence in after-effects suggests a reduced sensitivity of the clock to light at night. Urbanization may select for clock properties that increase the inertia of the endogenous circadian system to improve accuracy of activity rhythms when exposed to noisier lighting cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M. Tomotani
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Fabian Timpen
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kamiel Spoelstra
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Barnes-Farrell JL, Laguerre RA, Di Milia LV. An evaluation of morningness and schedule misfit using the revised Preferences Scale (PS-6): Implications for work and health outcomes among healthcare workers. Chronobiol Int 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36942679 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2193272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The last several decades of shift work tolerance and circadian misalignment research has had mixed results regarding the adverse impact of shift work on work and health outcomes. This inconsistency is, in part, due to the circadian typology measure employed and the study methodology. Based on models of shift work and health, the present study examined associations between circadian misalignment, end-of-day strain, and job- and health-related outcomes using the revised Preferences Scale (PS-6). A sample of 129 healthcare workers (76.7% female) from the United States (67%) and Australia (34.1%) aged 22 to 64 responded to a self-report questionnaire on work schedules, work stressors, and well-being. Multiple regression analysis found that the preferences for cognitive activity subscale of the PS-6 moderated the association between shift work and strain (b = -.36, p < .001). Those who worked nights experienced more strain if their preferences for cognitive activity were misaligned, whereas no differences in strain were observed among day workers. Moderated-mediation analyses, on the basis 95% confidence intervals, found that shift work had a conditional indirect effect on work-family conflict, job satisfaction, and health-related quality of life, via strain, and the effect was moderated by preferences for cognitive activity. Findings provide additional evidence for the criterion and external validity of the PS-6, and importantly, the present study establishes further support for models of shift work and health. Overall, the analyses highlight the importance of exploring the interactions between shift work and different dimensions of morningness in shift work tolerance research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Barnes-Farrell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rick A Laguerre
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lee V Di Milia
- School of Business and Law, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
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Chauhan S, Norbury R, Faßbender KC, Ettinger U, Kumari V. Beyond sleep: A multidimensional model of chronotype. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105114. [PMID: 36868368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronotype can be defined as an expression or proxy for circadian rhythms of varied mechanisms, for example in body temperature, cortisol secretion, cognitive functions, eating and sleeping patterns. It is influenced by a range of internal (e.g., genetics) and external factors (e.g., light exposure), and has implications for health and well-being. Here, we present a critical review and synthesis of existing models of chronotype. Our observations reveal that most existing models and, as a consequence, associated measures of chronotype have focused solely or primarily on the sleep dimension, and typically have not incorporated social and environmental influences on chronotype. We propose a multidimensional model of chronotype, integrating individual (biological and psychological), environmental and social factors that appear to interact to determine an individual's true chronotype with potential feedback loops between these factors. This model could be beneficial not only from a basic science perspective but also in the context of understanding health and clinical implications of certain chronotypes as well as designing preventive and therapeutic approaches for related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Chauhan
- Department of Psychology, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ray Norbury
- Department of Psychology, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Veena Kumari
- Department of Psychology, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.
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25
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Swanson LM, Raglan GB. Circadian Interventions as Adjunctive Therapies to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia. Sleep Med Clin 2023; 18:21-30. [PMID: 36764783 PMCID: PMC10015491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The circadian system plays a key role in the sleep-wake cycle. A mismatch between the behavioral timing of sleep and the circadian timing of sleepiness/alertness can contribute to insomnia. Patients who report primarily difficulty falling asleep or early morning awakenings may benefit from circadian interventions administered adjunctively to cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia. Specific circadian interventions that clinicians may consider include bright light therapy, scheduled dim light, blue-blocking glasses, and melatonin. Implementation of these interventions differs depending on the patient's insomnia subtype. Further, careful attention must be paid to the timing of these interventions to ensure they are administered correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie M Swanson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Greta B Raglan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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26
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Wang W, Yuan RK, Mitchell JF, Zitting KM, St Hilaire MA, Wyatt JK, Scheer FAJL, Wright KP, Brown EN, Ronda JM, Klerman EB, Duffy JF, Dijk DJ, Czeisler CA. Desynchronizing the sleep---wake cycle from circadian timing to assess their separate contributions to physiology and behaviour and to estimate intrinsic circadian period. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:579-603. [PMID: 36376588 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks drive cyclic variations in many aspects of physiology, but some daily variations are evoked by periodic changes in the environment or sleep-wake state and associated behaviors, such as changes in posture, light levels, fasting or eating, rest or activity and social interactions; thus, it is often important to quantify the relative contributions of these factors. Yet, circadian rhythms and these evoked effects cannot be separated under typical 24-h day conditions, because circadian phase and the length of time awake or asleep co-vary. Nathaniel Kleitman's forced desynchrony (FD) protocol was designed to assess endogenous circadian rhythmicity and to separate circadian from evoked components of daily rhythms in multiple parameters. Under FD protocol conditions, light intensity is kept low to minimize its impact on the circadian pacemaker, and participants have sleep-wake state and associated behaviors scheduled to an imposed non-24-h cycle. The period of this imposed cycle, Τ, is chosen so that the circadian pacemaker cannot entrain to it and therefore continues to oscillate at its intrinsic period (τ, ~24.15 h), ensuring circadian components are separated from evoked components of daily rhythms. Here we provide detailed instructions and troubleshooting techniques on how to design, implement and analyze the data from an FD protocol. We provide two procedures: one with general guidance for designing an FD study and another with more precise instructions for replicating one of our previous FD studies. We discuss estimating circadian parameters and quantifying the separate contributions of circadian rhythmicity and the sleep-wake cycle, including statistical analysis procedures and an R package for conducting the non-orthogonal spectral analysis method that enables an accurate estimation of period, amplitude and phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Robin K Yuan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jude F Mitchell
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kirsi-Marja Zitting
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa A St Hilaire
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James K Wyatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Emery N Brown
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Data Systems and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M Ronda
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Teoh AN, Kaur S, Shafie SR, Mohd Shukri NH, Ahmad Bustami N, Takahashi M, Shibata S. Chrononutrition is associated with melatonin and cortisol rhythm during pregnancy: Findings from MY-CARE cohort study. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1078086. [PMID: 36687684 PMCID: PMC9852999 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1078086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrononutrition has been suggested to have an entrainment effect on circadian rhythm which is crucial for metabolic health. Investigating how chrononutrition affects maternal circadian rhythm can shed light on its role during pregnancy. This study aims to determine chrononutrition characteristics of healthy primigravida during pregnancy and its association with melatonin and cortisol rhythm across gestation. A total of 70 healthy primigravidas were recruited from ten randomly selected government maternal and child clinics in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. During the second and third trimesters, chrononutrition characteristics including meal timing, frequency, eating window, breakfast skipping, and late-night eating were determined using a 3-day food record. Pregnant women provided salivary samples at five time-points over a 24 h period for melatonin and cortisol assay. Consistently across the second and third trimesters, both melatonin and cortisol showed a rhythmic change over the day. Melatonin levels displayed an increment toward the night whilst cortisol levels declined over the day. Majority observed a shorter eating window (≤12 h) during the second and third trimesters (66 and 55%, respectively). Results showed 23 and 28% skipped breakfast whereas 45 and 37% ate within 2 h pre-bedtime. During the third trimester, a longer eating window was associated with lower melatonin mean (β = -0.40, p = 0.006), peak (β = -0.42, p = 0.006), and AUCG (β = -0.44, p = 0.003). During both trimesters, a lower awakening cortisol level was observed in pregnant women who skipped breakfast (β = -0.33, p = 0.029; β = -0.29, p = 0.044). Only during the second trimester, breakfast-skipping was significantly associated with a greater cortisol amplitude (β = 0.43, p = 0.003). Findings suggest that certain chrononutrition components, particularly eating window and breakfast skipping have a significant influence on maternal melatonin and cortisol rhythm. Dietary intervention targeting these characteristics may be useful in maintaining maternal circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ni Teoh
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Satvinder Kaur
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Satvinder Kaur,
| | - Siti Raihanah Shafie
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Husna Mohd Shukri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Normina Ahmad Bustami
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Healthy Aging, Medical Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Biosciences, School of Advanced Engineering and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Back FA, Hino AAF, Bojarski WG, Aurélio JMG, de Castro Moreno CR, Louzada FM. Evening chronotype predicts dropout of physical exercise: a prospective analysis. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2023; 19:309-319. [PMID: 35755009 PMCID: PMC9207164 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Eveningness preference to sleep/wake and perform physical/cognitive activities has been associated with worse health outcomes, when compared to morningness preference. Physical activity is one potential mediator that could explain this relationship; however, most of these evidences come from cross-sectional design studies. Our goal was to assess whether chronotype could predict the risk of dropout of physical exercise programs. Methods We followed 153 newly enrolled volunteers at three different gyms, from both sexes, aged between 18 and 65 years, during 12 weeks. The daily frequency of exercises in the programs was objectively measured (gym's electronic turnstiles). Using questionnaires, we collected data of variables related to demographic characteristics, health, physical activity, sleep, anthropometric and chronobiological parameters (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire-MEQ). Two multivariate models were created using Cox regression analysis to test the risk of dropout of physical exercise practice. Both models accounted for age, educational level, civil status, membership plan duration, physical exercise practice frequency during week 1 and chronotype (MEQ score and chronotypes). Results Model 1 results showed that higher MEQ score was associated with a lower chance of quitting the program (HR = 0.98; CI95% 0.95-1.00; p = 0.046). Considering the chronotypes, E-types showed the highest dropout risk compared to that of M-types (HR = 2.22; CI95% 1.09-4.52; p = 0.027). Conclusion Our results suggest that chronotype is another variable to be considered in future studies on promoting PAs in formal environments. Likewise, the practice frequency during week 1 and duration of membership plan also deserve more attention in additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Augustino Back
- Human Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil ,Physiology, Universidade Federal do Parana Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Curitiba, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Adriano Akira Ferreira Hino
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Pontifícal Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - Wilynson Gomes Bojarski
- Human Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Mazzilli Louzada
- Human Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
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29
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van der Merwe C, Münch M, Kruger R. Chronotype Differences in Body Composition, Dietary Intake and Eating Behavior Outcomes: A Scoping Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2357-2405. [PMID: 36041181 PMCID: PMC9776742 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The timing and nutritional composition of food intake are important zeitgebers for the biological clocks in humans. Thus, eating at an inappropriate time (e.g., during the night) may have a desynchronizing effect on the biological clocks and, in the long term, may result in adverse health outcomes (e.g., weight gain, obesity, and poor metabolic function). Being a very late or early chronotype not only determines preferred sleep and wake times but may also influence subsequent mealtimes, which may affect the circadian timing system. In recent years, an increased number of studies have examined the relation between chronotype and health outcomes, with a main focus on absolute food intake and metabolic markers and, to a lesser extent, on dietary intake distribution and eating behavior. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically determine whether chronotype indirectly affects eating behaviors, dietary intake (timing, choice, nutrients), and biomarkers leading to body composition outcomes in healthy adults. A systematic literature search on electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Cochrane library) was performed (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews number: CRD42020219754). Only studies that included healthy adults (aged >18 y), classified according to chronotype and body composition profiles, using outcomes of dietary intake, eating behavior, and/or biomarkers, were considered. Of 4404 articles, 24 met the inclusion criteria. The results revealed that late [evening type (ET)] compared with early [morning type (MT)] chronotypes were more likely to be overweight/obese with poorer metabolic health. Both MT and ET had similar energy and macronutrient intakes, consuming food during their preferred sleep-wake timing: later for ET than MT. Most of the energy and macronutrient intakes were distributed toward nighttime for ET and exacerbated by unhealthy eating behaviors and unfavorable dietary intakes. These findings from our systematic review give further insight why higher rates of overweight/obesity and unhealthier metabolic biomarkers are more likely to occur in ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlien van der Merwe
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University East Precinct, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mirjam Münch
- Centre for Chronobiology, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rozanne Kruger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University East Precinct, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand
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30
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Zou H, Zhou H, Yan R, Yao Z, Lu Q. Chronotype, circadian rhythm, and psychiatric disorders: Recent evidence and potential mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:811771. [PMID: 36033630 PMCID: PMC9399511 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.811771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is crucial for physiological and behavioral functions. Chronotype, which represents individual preferences for activity and performance, is associated with human health issues, particularly psychiatric disorders. This narrative review, which focuses on the relationship between chronotype and mental disorders, provides an insight into the potential mechanism. Recent evidence indicates that (1) the evening chronotype is a risk factor for depressive disorders and substance use disorders, whereas the morning chronotype is a protective factor. (2) Evening chronotype individuals with bipolar disorder tend to have more severe symptoms and comorbidities. (3) The evening chronotype is only related to anxiety symptoms. (4) The relationship between chronotype and schizophrenia remains unclear, despite increasing evidence on their link. (5) The evening chronotype is significantly associated with eating disorders, with the majority of studies have focused on binge eating disorders. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms or influence factors are described in detail, including clock genes, brain characteristics, neuroendocrinology, the light/dark cycle, social factors, psychological factors, and sleep disorders. These findings provide the latest evidence on chronotypes and psychiatric disorders and serve as a valuable reference for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zou
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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31
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Lok R, Woelders T, van Koningsveld MJ, Oberman K, Fuhler SG, Beersma DGM, Hut RA. Bright Light Increases Alertness and Not Cortisol in Healthy Men: A Forced Desynchrony Study Under Dim and Bright Light (I). J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:403-416. [PMID: 35686534 PMCID: PMC9326799 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221096945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced improvements in alertness are more prominent during nighttime than during the day, suggesting that alerting effects of light may depend on internal clock time or wake duration. Relative contributions of both factors can be quantified using a forced desynchrony (FD) designs. FD designs have only been conducted under dim light conditions (<10 lux) since light above this amount can induce non-uniform phase progression of the circadian pacemaker (also called relative coordination). This complicates the mathematical separation of circadian clock phase from homeostatic sleep pressure effects. Here we investigate alerting effects of light in a novel 4 × 18 h FD protocol (5 h sleep, 13 h wake) under dim (6 lux) and bright light (1300 lux) conditions. Hourly saliva samples (melatonin and cortisol assessment) and 2-hourly test sessions were used to assess effects of bright light on subjective and objective alertness (electroencephalography and performance). Results reveal (1) stable free-running cortisol rhythms with uniform phase progression under both light conditions, suggesting that FD designs can be conducted under bright light conditions (1300 lux), (2) subjective alerting effects of light depend on elapsed time awake but not circadian clock phase, while (3) light consistently improves objective alertness independent of time awake or circadian clock phase. Reconstructing the daily time course by combining circadian clock phase and wake duration effects indicates that performance is improved during daytime, while subjective alertness remains unchanged. This suggests that high-intensity indoor lighting during the regular day might be beneficial for mental performance, even though this may not be perceived as such.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Lok
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Current address: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
- University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - T. Woelders
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M. J. van Koningsveld
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - K. Oberman
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S. G. Fuhler
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - D. G. M. Beersma
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R. A. Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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32
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Bhar D, Bagepally BS, Rakesh B. Association between chronotype and cardio-vascular disease risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Yalçin M, Mundorf A, Thiel F, Amatriain-Fernández S, Kalthoff IS, Beucke JC, Budde H, Garthus-Niegel S, Peterburs J, Relógio A. It's About Time: The Circadian Network as Time-Keeper for Cognitive Functioning, Locomotor Activity and Mental Health. Front Physiol 2022; 13:873237. [PMID: 35547585 PMCID: PMC9081535 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.873237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of organisms including mammals have evolved a 24h, self-sustained timekeeping machinery known as the circadian clock (biological clock), which enables to anticipate, respond, and adapt to environmental influences such as the daily light and dark cycles. Proper functioning of the clock plays a pivotal role in the temporal regulation of a wide range of cellular, physiological, and behavioural processes. The disruption of circadian rhythms was found to be associated with the onset and progression of several pathologies including sleep and mental disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Thus, the role of the circadian clock in health and disease, and its clinical applications, have gained increasing attention, but the exact mechanisms underlying temporal regulation require further work and the integration of evidence from different research fields. In this review, we address the current knowledge regarding the functioning of molecular circuits as generators of circadian rhythms and the essential role of circadian synchrony in a healthy organism. In particular, we discuss the role of circadian regulation in the context of behaviour and cognitive functioning, delineating how the loss of this tight interplay is linked to pathological development with a focus on mental disorders and neurodegeneration. We further describe emerging new aspects on the link between the circadian clock and physical exercise-induced cognitive functioning, and its current usage as circadian activator with a positive impact in delaying the progression of certain pathologies including neurodegeneration and brain-related disorders. Finally, we discuss recent epidemiological evidence pointing to an important role of the circadian clock in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Yalçin
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annakarina Mundorf
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Freya Thiel
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Amatriain-Fernández
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ida Schulze Kalthoff
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Carl Beucke
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning Budde
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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34
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Kivelä L, Riese H, Fakkel TG, Verkuil B, Penninx BWJH, Lamers F, van der Does W, Antypa N. Chronotype, daily affect and social contact: An ecological momentary assessment study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 309:114386. [PMID: 35033835 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eveningness is associated with lower daily positive affect (PA). The relationship between negative affect (NA) and chronotype, however, is less consistent in the literature. Eveningness may be further characterized by increased social isolation, which could explain the associations between chronotype and PA/NA. In the present longitudinal study, we used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to investigate the associations of chronotype with daily PA, NA, and social contact in individuals with current and remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls. As part of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), 279 participants (n = 49 depressed, n = 172 remitted, n = 58 controls) monitored daily PA, NA, and social contact (i.e., being alone vs. with others) for two weeks, five times per day. Overall, eveningness was associated with less social contact. This effect became nonsignificant, however, after accounting for sociodemographics (gender, age, education, living situation). Chronotype was not related to PA or NA. Less social contact was associated with lower PA and higher NA independent of chronotype. In conclusion, we could not replicate the finding of lower PA among evening types, but found social contact to associate with both daily PA and NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kivelä
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Netherlands
| | - H Riese
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - T G Fakkel
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Netherlands
| | - B Verkuil
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Netherlands
| | - B W J H Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Lamers
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W van der Does
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - N Antypa
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Netherlands.
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Putilov AA, Donskaya OG. What Can Make the Difference Between Chronotypes in Sleep Duration? Testing the Similarity of Their Homeostatic Processes. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:832807. [PMID: 35299620 PMCID: PMC8920995 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.832807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-process conceptualization of sleep-wake regulation suggests that the biological underpinnings of the differences between morning and evening types in sleep timing and duration might be related to either the circadian process or the homeostatic process or both. The purpose of this report was to test whether morning and evening types might have similar homeostatic processes to achieve such ultimate goal of homeostatic sleep regulation as taking an adequate amount of sleep on free days. Weekend and weekday rise- and bedtimes reported for 50 paired samples of morning and evening types were averaged and simulated with a model of sleep-wake regulation. In morning and evening types of the same age, the homeostatic components of the sleep-wake regulation were found to be identical. Therefore, the difference in the circadian process between chronotypes of similar age can account for the observed differences between them in sleep timing and duration on weekdays and weekends. It was also demonstrated that the model-based simulations might have practical implications for informing an individual about the extent of unrecoverable reduction of his/her sleep on weekdays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcady A. Putilov
- Laboratory of Sleep/Wake Neurobiology, The Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Research Group for Math-Modeling of Biomedical Systems, Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics of the Federal Research Centre for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga G. Donskaya
- Research Group for Math-Modeling of Biomedical Systems, Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics of the Federal Research Centre for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Ricketts EJ, Montalbano GE, Burgess HJ, McMakin DL, Coles ME, Piacentini J, Colwell CS. Sleep and chronotype in adults with persistent tic disorders. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:1516-1539. [PMID: 35150595 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined sleep disorders and sleep medication use rates, nighttime tics, and sleep and chronotype in relation to tic and co-occurring symptoms in adults with persistent tic disorders (PTDs), including Tourette's disorder (TD). METHODS One hundred twenty-five adult internet survey respondents rated sleep history, sleep, chronotype, tic severity, impairment, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxiety, depression, and emotional and behavioral dyscontrol. RESULTS Bruxism, insomnia, tic-related difficulty falling asleep, and melatonin use were commonly endorsed. Sleep disturbance correlated with impairment, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and emotional and behavioral dyscontrol. Eveningness correlated with vocal and total tic severity only in TD. Controlling for age and sex, age, impairment, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms predicted sleep disturbance, and age and tic severity predicted chronotype. CONCLUSIONS Impairment and obsessive-compulsive symptoms play a role in sleep disturbance in adults with PTDs, and may be intervention targets. Eveningness relates to tic severity, which may suggest the utility of interventions to advance chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Ricketts
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gabrielle E Montalbano
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helen J Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dana L McMakin
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Neurology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Meredith E Coles
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York-Binghamton, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - John Piacentini
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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DIURNAL PREFERENCE CONTRIBUTES TO MAXIMAL ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION B SENSITIVITY BY THE HOUR OF THE DAY IN HUMAN SKIN IN VIVO. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2289-2291.e5. [PMID: 35143821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Merikanto I, Pesonen AK, Paunio T, Partonen T. Circadian Type Determines Working Ability: Poorer Working Ability in Evening-Types is Mediated by Insufficient Sleep in a Large Population-Based Sample of Working-Age Adults. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:829-841. [PMID: 35502230 PMCID: PMC9056046 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s356060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian phenotype has a crucial role in determining wellbeing and health prospective. Evening-types have higher risk for sleep and mental health problems, which is also reflected in work wellbeing. However, there are no population-based studies examining the association of working ability and circadian typology at different working-age-groups. Also, the role of predisposing factors, ie, sleep-related differences between circadian types, has not been studied in relation to working ability among circadian types in a population-based sample. METHODS In this population-based sample of 13,114 working-age Finnish adults from 18 to 64 years of age, we examined the associations between circadian type, exhaustion and working ability and the roles of sleep-wake rhythm misalignment and insufficient sleep on these associations in 10-years-wide age-groups. Circadian type was assessed with the widely-used single item for self-assessed morningness/eveningness from the Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). RESULTS Evening-types, especially definite evening-types, were more exhausted and had poorer working ability than morning-types. Higher exhaustion among evening-types was apparent in all working ages with a peak at ages 45 to 54 years. Poorer working ability in definite evening-types as compared to definite morning-types was found only at ages 35 to 54 years. Evening-types, especially definite-evening-types, had also more social jet lag and they reported more insufficient sleep than definite morning-types. More frequent insufficient sleep associated with poorer working ability and partly mediated the association between circadian type and working ability. CONCLUSION Circadian phenotypes were found to differ in risk for exhaustion and in working ability, and this association was partly mediated by insufficient sleep. Our findings emphasize the importance to improve sleep especially among evening-types to ensure better work wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Merikanto
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Orton Orthopaedics Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Fischer D, Hilditch CJ. Light in ecological settings: Entrainment, circadian disruption, and interventions. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 273:303-330. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu H, Du Y, Fang J, Wang Z. Relationship between circadian typology and risk-taking behaviors in adolescents: A cross-sectional study. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Merikanto I, Partonen T. Eveningness increases risks for depressive and anxiety symptoms and hospital treatments mediated by insufficient sleep in a population-based study of 18,039 adults. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:1066-1077. [PMID: 34170060 DOI: 10.1002/da.23189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data show that having the eveningness associates with poor mental health. For preventive measures it is important to know which underlying factors mediate these associations and the burden posed to public health. This study examines at a population-based level, whether (1) circadian type and the sleep-wake behavior-based phase entrainment similarly associate with mental health problems, (2) there are differences in hospital treatments due to mental disorders between chronotypes, and (3) the association of chronotype with mental health is mediated by insufficient sleep. METHODS The study sample (N = 18,039) consisted of population-based sample of Finnish adults, aged 25-74 years, with information on their circadian type and sleep patterns, mental health symptoms, and diagnosis as reported in a health examination survey, as well as hospital treatments as recorded on the national Hospital Discharge Register. RESULTS All the mental health symptoms, diagnoses and hospital treatments were more pronounced among Evening-types, especially when assessed by circadian type. Insufficient sleep mediated most but not all of the associations between eveningness and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Eveningness does not increase mental health risks only on symptom or diagnosis level, but also on hospital admission level. A higher prevalence of insufficient sleep among the Evening-types elevates the risk and severity for many of the mental health outcomes. Improving the sleep among Evening-types could help to improve their mental health prospective and ease the health care burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Merikanto
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,SleepWell Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Orton Orthopaedics Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Merikanto I, Kortesoja L, Benedict C, Chung F, Cedernaes J, Espie CA, Morin CM, Dauvilliers Y, Partinen M, De Gennaro L, Wing YK, Chan NY, Inoue Y, Matsui K, Holzinger B, Plazzi G, Mota-Rolim SA, Leger D, Penzel T, Bjorvatn B. Evening-types show highest increase of sleep and mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic - Multinational study on 19,267 adults. Sleep 2021; 45:6357297. [PMID: 34432058 PMCID: PMC8499764 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Individual circadian type is a ubiquitous trait defining sleep, with eveningness often associated with poorer sleep and mental health than morningness. However, it is unknown whether COVID-19 pandemic has differentially affected sleep and mental health depending on the circadian type. Here, the differences in sleep and mental health between circadian types are examined globally before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The sample collected between May and August 2020 across 12 countries/regions consisted of 19 267 adults with information on their circadian type. Statistical analyses were performed by using Complex Sample procedures, stratified by country and weighted by the number of inhabitants in the country/area of interest and by the relative number of responders in that country/area. Results Evening-types had poorer mental health, well-being, and quality of life or health than other circadian types during the pandemic. Sleep–wake schedules were delayed especially on working days, and evening-types reported an increase in sleep duration. Sleep problems increased in all circadian types, but especially among evening-types, moderated by financial suffering and confinement. Intermediate-types were less vulnerable to sleep changes, although morningness protected from most sleep problems. These findings were confirmed after adjusting for age, sex, duration of the confinement, or socio-economic status during the pandemic. Conclusions These findings indicate an alarming increase in sleep and mental health problems, especially among evening-types as compared to other circadian types during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Merikanto
- SleepWell Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Orton Orthopaedics Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Kortesoja
- Centre for Educational Assessment, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Neuroscience, Sleep Science (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frances Chung
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Cedernaes
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Colin A Espie
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles M Morin
- École de Psychologie, Centre d'étude des troubles du sommeil, Centre de recherche CERVO/Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Sleep-Wake Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, INSERM, University of Montpellier, France
| | - Markku Partinen
- Helsinki Sleep Clinic, Vitalmed Research Center, and Department of Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, and IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Departments of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ngan Yin Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Departments of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Brigitte Holzinger
- Institute for Dream and Consciousness Research; Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- IRCCS - Institute of the Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sérgio Arthuro Mota-Rolim
- Brain Institute, Physiology and Behaviour Department, and Onofre Lopes University Hospital - Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Damien Leger
- Hopital Hotel-Dieu de Paris, Sleep and Vigilance Center; Universite de Paris, VIFASOM (EA 7331 Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Santé Publique)
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Sleep Medicine Center, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, and Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Li J, Somers VK, Lopez-Jimenez F, Di J, Covassin N. Demographic characteristics associated with circadian rest-activity rhythm patterns: a cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:107. [PMID: 34407852 PMCID: PMC8371768 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rest-activity rhythm (RAR), a manifestation of circadian rhythms, has been associated with morbidity and mortality risk. However, RAR patterns in the general population and specifically the role of demographic characteristics in RAR pattern have not been comprehensively assessed. Therefore, we aimed to describe RAR patterns among non-institutionalized US adults and age, sex, and race/ethnicity variation using accelerometry data from a nationally representative population. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. Participants aged ≥20 years who were enrolled in the physical activity monitoring examination and had at least four 24-h periods of valid wrist accelerometer data were included in the present analysis. 24-h RAR metrics were generated using both extended cosinor model (amplitude, mesor, acrophase and pseudo-F statistic) and nonparametric methods (interdaily stability [IS] and intradaily variability [IV]). Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between RAR and age, sex, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Eight thousand two hundred participants (mean [SE] age, 49.1 [0.5] years) were included, of whom 52.2% were women and 67.3% Whites. Women had higher RAR amplitude and mesor, and also more robust (pseudo-F statistic), more stable (higher IS) and less fragmented (lower IV) RAR (all P trend < 0.001) than men. Compared with younger adults (20-39 years), older adults (≥ 60 years) exhibited reduced RAR amplitude and mesor, but more stable and less fragmented RAR, and also reached their peak activity earlier (advanced acrophase) (all P trend < 0.001). Relative to other racial/ethnic groups, Hispanics had the highest amplitude and mesor level, and most stable (highest IS) and least fragmented (lowest IV) RAR pattern (P trend < 0.001). Conversely, non-Hispanic blacks had the lowest peak activity level (lowest amplitude) and least stable (lowest IS) RAR pattern (all P trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In the general adult population, RAR patterns vary significantly according to sex, age and race/ethnicity. These results may reflect demographic-dependent differences in intrinsic circadian rhythms and may have important implications for understanding racial, ethnic, sex and other disparities in morbidity and mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingen Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Virend K Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Francisco Lopez-Jimenez
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Junrui Di
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, 21205, USA
| | - Naima Covassin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Xu N, Shinohara K, Saunders KEA, Geddes JR, Cipriani A. Effect of lithium on circadian rhythm in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bipolar Disord 2021; 23:445-453. [PMID: 33650218 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Circadian rhythm disruption is commonly reported in patients with bipolar disorder. Lithium has been suggested to have effects on the circadian clock, the biological basis of the circadian rhythm. The objective of the current review was to review systematically the existing studies on the effect of lithium on circadian rhythm in patients with bipolar disorder. METHODS We systematically searched the scientific literature up to September 2020 for experimental or observational studies which measured circadian rhythm in bipolar patients taking lithium (in comparison with placebo or other active treatments) and carried out a meta-analysis. Circadian rest-activity was our primary outcome, but we also collected data about sleep quality and chronotype (Morningness-Eveningness). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018109790). RESULTS Four observational studies (n = 668) and one experimental study (n = 29) were included. Results from the meta-analysis suggest a potential association between lithium and shifts towards morningness (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.05 to 0.90). One cohort study with 21 days of follow-up found that patients treated with lithium had significantly larger amplitude (0.68, 0.01 to 1.36) when compared to anticonvulsants. CONCLUSION This review highlights the insufficient evidence to inform us about the effect of lithium on circadian rhythm. However, we found that chronotype can be a potential target for further exploration of biomarkers or biosignatures of lithium treatment in patients with bipolar disorder. Further studies with prospective and longitudinal study design, adopting actigraphy to monitor daily circadian rest-activity changes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kiyomi Shinohara
- Departmens of Health Promotion and Human Behavior and of Clinical Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kate E A Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - John R Geddes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Cipriani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Roy C, Monsivais D, Bhattacharya K, Dunbar RIM, Kaski K. Morningness-eveningness assessment from mobile phone communication analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14606. [PMID: 34272421 PMCID: PMC8285513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human behaviour follows a 24-h rhythm and is known to be governed by the individual chronotypes. Due to the widespread use of technology in our daily lives, it is possible to record the activities of individuals through their different digital traces. In the present study we utilise a large mobile phone communication dataset containing time stamps of calls and text messages to study the circadian rhythms of anonymous users in a European country. After removing the effect of the synchronization of East-West sun progression with the calling activity, we used two closely related approaches to heuristically compute the chronotypes of the individuals in the dataset, to identify them as morning persons or “larks” and evening persons or “owls”. Using the computed chronotypes we showed how the chronotype is largely dependent on age with younger cohorts being more likely to be owls than older cohorts. Moreover, our analysis showed how on average females have distinctly different chronotypes from males. Younger females are more larkish than males while older females are more owlish. Finally, we also studied the period of low calling activity for each of the users which is considered as a marker of their sleep period during the night. We found that while “extreme larks” tend to sleep more than “extreme owls” on the weekends, we do not observe much variation between them on weekdays. In addition, we have observed that women tend to sleep even less than males on weekdays while there is not much difference between them on the weekends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandreyee Roy
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Daniel Monsivais
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Robin I M Dunbar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kimmo Kaski
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland.,The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
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Cox RC, Olatunji BO. Eveningness Predicts Negative Affect Following Sleep Restriction. Behav Ther 2021; 52:797-805. [PMID: 34134821 PMCID: PMC8217716 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although considerable research has shown that sleep loss results in decreased positive affect, findings regarding change in negative affect are inconsistent. Such inconsistency may be due in part to variability in individual difference factors, such as chronotype, which is associated with both sleep and affective outcomes. Chronotype represents the tendency to be a morning- or evening-type person and is underpinned by the timing of circadian processes linked to sleep and mental health. The present study examined the predictive effect of chronotype above and beyond that of depression on affective response to sleep restriction in a sample of healthy sleeping adults (n = 73). Participants completed measures of chronotype and depression at baseline and measures of positive and negative affect before and after one night of sleep restriction (4 hours between 4 a.m. and 8 a.m.). Results indicate a large, significant decrease in positive affect following sleep restriction, but no statistically significant change in negative affect. Subsequent analyses showed that chronotype predicted affective response to sleep restriction, such that eveningness predicted a medium, significant increase in negative affect following sleep restriction, controlling for depression-however, there was no association between chronotype and change in positive affect in response to sleep restriction. These findings highlight a differential effect of sleep loss on positive and negative affect and suggest that evening chronotype may confer a distinct vulnerability for increased negative affect following sleep loss.
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Siudej K, Malinowska-Borowska J. Relationship between chronotype and consumption of stimulants. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1549-1556. [PMID: 34080490 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1935989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of some stimulants may lead to health problems. The aim of the study was to identify a potential correlation between extreme chronotypes and the tendency to use various stimulants. The preferred time of consumption was also checked, both on working and nonworking days. The study was conducted in January 2020 using the CAWI method. 306 people took part in the survey. To determine the chronotype of the surveyed people, the polish version of MEQ questionnaire (Morningness - Eveningness Questionnaire) was used. Because 178 respondents were intermediate types, 128 people participated in the second part of the study, including 68 owls and 60 larks. Activity preferences during the day of respondents were checked and compared with data about the quantity and frequency of using stimulants like coffee, energy drinks, alcohol and cigarettes. Chi-square test was used for testing relationships. The time periods for taking stimulants differed between groups and were associated with activity during the day. It has been shown that people with evening chronotype use more energy drinks (p = .009), alcohol drinks (p = .013) and cigarettes or e-cigarettes (p = .021), especially in the group of respondents aged ≥30. Social jet lag was statistically higher in the group of owls and larks; however, consumption of stimulants depended on age and chronotype, not social jet lag. People with the morning chronotype are less likely to use stimulants. Owls showed a greater and more frequent use of energy drinks, alcohol and cigarettes, especially those older than 30 years. Assessing eveningness among people aged more than 30 may be helpful in characterizing an overall risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Siudej
- Scientific Circle at Department of Toxicology and Health Protection, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - Jolanta Malinowska-Borowska
- Department of Toxicology and Health Protection, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
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Bodur M, Baspinar B, Özçelik AÖ. Do sleep quality and caffeine consumption mediate the relationship between late chronotype and body mass index? Food Funct 2021; 12:5959-5966. [PMID: 34032234 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03435e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the role of sleep quality and caffeinated beverage consumption in the effect of late chronotype on body mass index (BMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study consisted of a total of 661 healthy university students with a mean age of 21.4 ± 1.38 years. Within the scope of the study, The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to determine the chronotypes of individuals, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to determine sleep quality, and a 24 h physical activity record was taken to determine physical activity levels. The caffeine intake of the individuals was determined using a food frequency questionnaire for the intake of caffeinated food and beverages. The role of mediators in the effect of late chronotype on BMI was evaluated via multiple mediation analysis. RESULTS In this study, evening-type individuals had higher daily caffeine intake, worse sleep quality (P < 0.001), and higher BMI (P < 0.05). When the effect of mediators was taken into account, the negative relationship between the chronotype score and BMI was maintained (β = -0.109, 95% CI (-0.194, -0.021), P < 0.05). Decreased sleep quality had a mediated effect in this relationship [β = -0.208, 95% CI (-0.275, -0.119)], and caffeinated beverage consumption was found to have no mediator function (β = 0.040 95% CI (-0.050, 0.108), P > 0.05). CONCLUSION To conclude, eveningness chronotype had an effect on higher levels of caffeinated beverage consumption, lower sleep quality, and increased BMI. Chronotype, sleep quality, and caffeinated beverage consumption should be taken into account in studies examining the relationship between circadian rhythm and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Bodur
- Ankara University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Busra Baspinar
- Ankara University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Özfer Özçelik
- Ankara University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
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Evans SL, Leocadio-Miguel MA, Taporoski TP, Gomez LM, Horimoto A, Alkan E, Beijamini F, Pedrazzoli M, Knutson KL, Krieger JE, Vallada HP, Sterr A, Pereira AC, Negrão AB, von Schantz M. Evening preference correlates with regional brain volumes in the anterior occipital lobe. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1135-1142. [PMID: 33906520 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1912077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronotype or diurnal preference is a questionnaire-based measure influenced both by circadian period and by the sleep homeostat. In order to further characterize the biological determinants of these measures, we used a hypothesis-free approach to investigate the association between the score of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) and the Munich chronotype questionnaire (MCTQ), as continuous variables, and volumetric measures of brain regions acquired by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Data were collected from the Baependi Heart Study cohort, based in a rural town in South-Eastern Brazil. MEQ and anatomical 1.5-T MRI scan data were available from 410 individuals, and MCTQ scores were available from a subset of 198 of them. The average MEQ (62.2 ± 10.6) and MCTQ (average MSFsc 201 ± 85 min) scores were suggestive of a previously reported strong general tendency toward morningness in this community. Setting the significance threshold at P > .002 to account for multiple comparisons, we observed a significant association between lower MEQ score (eveningness) and greater volume of the left anterior occipital sulcus (β = -0.163, p = .001) of the occipital lobe. No significant associations were observed for MCTQ. This may reflect the smaller dataset for MCTQ, and/or the fact that MEQ, which asks questions about preferred timings, is more trait-like than the MCTQ, which asks questions about actual timings. The association between MEQ and a brain region dedicated to visual information processing is suggestive of the increasingly recognized fluidity in the interaction between visual and nonvisual photoreception and the circadian system, and the possibility that chronotype includes an element of masking.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Evans
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - M A Leocadio-Miguel
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - T P Taporoski
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - L M Gomez
- Incor, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arvr Horimoto
- Incor, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - E Alkan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - F Beijamini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Realeza, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M Pedrazzoli
- School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K L Knutson
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - J E Krieger
- Incor, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H P Vallada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Sterr
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - A C Pereira
- Incor, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A B Negrão
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Incor, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M von Schantz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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Micic G, Lovato N, Ferguson SA, Burgess HJ, Lack L. Circadian tau differences and rhythm associations in delayed sleep-wake phase disorder and sighted non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder. Sleep 2021; 44:5867108. [PMID: 32619243 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We investigated biological and behavioral rhythm period lengths (i.e. taus) of delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) and non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder (N24SWD). Based on circadian phase timing (temperature and dim light melatonin onset), DSWPD participants were dichotomized into a circadian-delayed and a circadian non-delayed group to investigate etiological differences. METHODS Participants with DSWPD (n = 26, 17 m, age: 21.85 ± 4.97 years), full-sighted N24SWD (n = 4, 3 m, age: 25.75 ± 4.99 years) and 18 controls (10 m, age: 23.72 ± 5.10 years) participated in an 80-h modified constant routine. An ultradian protocol of 1-h "days" in dim light, controlled conditions alternated 20-min sleep/dark periods with 40-min enforced wakefulness/light. Subjective sleepiness ratings were recorded prior to every sleep/dark opportunity and median reaction time (vigilance) was measured hourly. Obtained sleep (sleep propensity) was derived from 20-min sleep/dark opportunities to quantify hourly objective sleepiness. Hourly core body temperature was recorded, and salivary melatonin assayed to measure endogenous circadian rhythms. Rhythm data were curved using the two-component cosine model. RESULTS Patients with DSWPD and N24SWD had significantly longer melatonin and temperature taus compared to controls. Circadian non-delayed DSWPD had normally timed temperature and melatonin rhythms but were typically sleeping at relatively late circadian phases compared to those with circadian-delayed DSWPD. CONCLUSIONS People with DSWPD and N24SWD exhibit significantly longer biological circadian rhythm period lengths compared to controls. Approximately half of those diagnosed with DSWPD do not have abnormally delayed circadian rhythm timings suggesting abnormal phase relationship between biological rhythms and behavioral sleep period or potentially conditioned sleep-onset insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorica Micic
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health: A Flinders Centre of Research Excellence, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia
| | - Nicole Lovato
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health: A Flinders Centre of Research Excellence, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Helen J Burgess
- Sleep and Circadian Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leon Lack
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health: A Flinders Centre of Research Excellence, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia.,College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia
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