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Pawlak M, Kemp J, Bray S, Chenji S, Noel M, Birnie KA, MacMaster FP, Miller JV, Kopala-Sibley DC. Macrostructural Brain Morphology as Moderator of the Relationship Between Pandemic-Related Stress and Internalizing Symptomology During COVID-19 in High-Risk Adolescents. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00190-3. [PMID: 39019399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to person-by-environment models, individual differences in traits may moderate the association between stressors and the development of psychopathology; however, findings in the literature have been inconsistent and little literature has examined adolescent brain structure as a moderator of the effects of stress on adolescent internalizing symptoms. The COVID-19 pandemic presented a unique opportunity to examine the associations between stress, brain structure, and psychopathology. Given links of cortical morphology with adolescent depression and anxiety, the present study investigated whether cortical morphology moderates the relationship between stress from the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of internalizing symptoms in familial high-risk adolescents. METHODS Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 72 adolescents (27M) completed a measure of depressive and anxiety symptoms and underwent magnetic resonance imaging. T1-weighted images were acquired to assess cortical thickness and surface area. Approximately 6-8 months after COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic, adolescents reported their depressive and anxiety symptoms and pandemic-related stress. RESULTS Adjusting for pre-pandemic depressive and anxiety symptoms and stress, increased pandemic-related stress was associated with increased depressive but not anxiety symptoms. This relationship was moderated by cortical thickness and surface area in the anterior cingulate and cortical thickness in the medial orbitofrontal cortex such that increased stress was only associated with increased depressive and anxiety symptoms among adolescents with lower cortical surface area and higher cortical thickness in these regions. CONCLUSIONS Results further our understanding of neural vulnerabilities to the associations between stress and internalizing symptoms in general, and during the COVID-19 pandemic in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKinley Pawlak
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,.
| | - Jennifer Kemp
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Signe Bray
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Dept. of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sneha Chenji
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Melanie Noel
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Dept. of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kathryn A Birnie
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Dept. of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,; Dept. of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jillian Vinall Miller
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Dept. of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel C Kopala-Sibley
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Ryan M, Cruz G, Upton R, Chaplin T. Observed Parenting and Adolescent Brain Structure. Dev Neuropsychol 2023; 48:299-313. [PMID: 37665378 PMCID: PMC10860385 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2023.2254872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Parent-youth relationships and parenting are critically important to adolescents' development. The present study examined associations between parenting behaviors (which included observed parent emotion expression and negative and positive parenting behaviors during a parent-adolescent interaction) and adolescent brain structure, and sex differences in associations, in 66 12-14 year-olds. The study found that 1) among all adolescents in the sample, greater parent negative emotion expression in parent-youth interactions was associated with greater adolescent gray matter volume (GMV) in the left hippocampus, 2) parent positive emotion expression was not associated with adolescent GMV, 3) several associations differed by sex. These findings suggest that parenting is important for adolescent brain structure and future work should consider this by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ryan
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Geraldine Cruz
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Rachel Upton
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Tara Chaplin
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
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Pedersen GA, Lam C, Hoffmann M, Zajkowska Z, Walsh A, Kieling C, Mondelli V, Fisher HL, Gautam K, Kohrt BA. Psychological and contextual risk factors for first-onset depression among adolescents and young people around the globe: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2023; 17:5-20. [PMID: 35388612 PMCID: PMC10084304 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM Identifying predictors for future onset of depression is crucial to effectively developing preventive interventions. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify risk factors for first-onset depression among adolescents and young people. METHODS We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO, Cochrane Database, Web of Science, Lilacs, African Journals Online and Global Health (July 2009 to December 2020) for longitudinal studies assessing risk factors for first-onset depression among adolescents and young people aged 10-25 years. Meta-analyses generated summary odds ratio (OR) estimates. REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018103973. RESULTS Nineteen studies representing 21 unique populations were included in the meta-analysis. Among studies reporting race/ethnicity, 79% of participants were of White/European descent. Seventeen studies were from high-income countries, with only two from an upper-middle-income country (China). Odds for first-onset depression were significantly greater for girls compared to boys (n = 13; OR = 1.78 [1.78, 2.28], p < 0.001) and for youth with other mental health problems at baseline (n = 4; OR = 3.20 [1.95, 5.23], p < 0.001). There were non-significant associations for negative family environment (n = 8; OR = 1.60 [0.82, 3.10], p = 0.16) and parental depression (n = 3; OR = 2.30 [0.73, 7.24], p = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS Most longitudinal studies do not report risk factors specifically for first-onset depression. Moreover, predictive data are limited to predominantly White populations in high-income countries. Future research must be more ethnically and geographically representative. Recommendations are provided for consistent and comprehensive reporting of study designs and analyses of risk factors for first-onset depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria A Pedersen
- Division of Global Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Crystal Lam
- Division of Global Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Megan Hoffmann
- Division of Global Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Zuzanna Zajkowska
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Annabel Walsh
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christian Kieling
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Helen L Fisher
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kamal Gautam
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal (TPO Nepal), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Brandon A Kohrt
- Division of Global Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Schoenfeld EM, Gupta NK, Syed SA, Rozenboym AV, Fulton SL, Jackowski AP, Perera TD, Coplan JD. Developmental Antecedents of Adult Macaque Neurogenesis: Early-Life Adversity, 5-HTTLPR Polymorphisms, and Adolescent Hippocampal Volume. J Affect Disord 2021; 286:204-212. [PMID: 33740637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attenuated adult hippocampal neurogenesis may manifest in affective symptomatology and/or resistance to antidepressant treatment. While early-life adversity and the short variant ('s') of the serotonin transporter gene's long polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) are suggested as interacting risk factors for affective disorders, no studies have examined whether their superposed risk effectuates neurogenic changes into adulthood. Similarly, it is not established whether reduced hippocampal volume in adolescence, variously identified as a marker and antecedent of affective disorders, anticipates diminished adult neurogenesis. We investigate these potential developmental precursors of neurogenic alterations using a bonnet macaque model. METHODS Twenty-five male infant bonnet macaques were randomized to stressed [variable foraging demand (VFD)] or normative [low foraging demand (LFD)] rearing protocols and genotyped for 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms. Adolescent MRI brain scans (mean age 4.2y) were available for 14 subjects. Adult-born neurons were detected post-mortem (mean age 8.6y) via immunohistochemistry targeting the microtubule protein doublecortin (DCX). Models were adjusted for age and weight. RESULTS A putative vulnerability group (VG) of VFD-reared 's'-carriers (all 's/l') exhibited reduced neurogenesis compared to non-VG subjects. Neurogenesis levels were positively predicted by ipsilateral hippocampal volume normalized for total brain volume, but not by contralateral or raw hippocampal volume. LIMITATIONS No 's'-carriers were identified in LFD-reared subjects, precluding a 2×2 factorial analysis. CONCLUSION The 's' allele (with adverse rearing) and low adolescent hippocampal volume portend a neurogenic deficit in adult macaques, suggesting persistent alterations in hippocampal plasticity may contribute to these developmental factors' affective risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Schoenfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY.
| | - Nishant K Gupta
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shariful A Syed
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Anna V Rozenboym
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kingsborough Community College, Brooklyn, NY
| | | | - Andrea P Jackowski
- UNIFESP Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jeremy D Coplan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY.
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Jiang N, Xu J, Li X, Wang Y, Zhuang L, Qin S. Negative Parenting Affects Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms Through Alterations in Amygdala-Prefrontal Circuitry: A Longitudinal Twin Study. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:560-569. [PMID: 33097228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The synergic interaction of risk genes and environmental factors has been thought to play a critical role in mediating emotion-related brain circuitry function and dysfunction in depression and anxiety disorders. Little, however, is known regarding neurodevelopmental bases underlying how maternal negative parenting affects emotion-related brain circuitry linking to adolescent internalizing symptoms and whether this neurobehavioral association is heritable during adolescence. METHODS The effects of maternal parenting on amygdala-based emotional circuitry and internalizing symptoms were examined by using longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging among 100 monozygotic twins and 78 dizygotic twins from early adolescence (age 13 years) to mid-adolescence (age 16 years). The mediation effects among variables of interest and their heritability were assessed by structural equation modeling and quantitative genetic analysis, respectively. RESULTS Exposure to maternal negative parenting was positively predictive of stronger functional connectivity of the amygdala with the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. This neural pathway mediated the association between negative parenting and adolescent depressive symptoms and exhibited moderate heritability (21%). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight that maternal negative parenting in early adolescence is associated with the development of atypical amygdala-prefrontal connectivity in relation to internalizing depressive symptoms in mid-adolescence. Such abnormality of emotion-related brain circuitry is heritable to a moderate degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengzhi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanyu Wang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Liping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
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Hubachek S, Botdorf M, Riggins T, Leong HC, Klein DN, Dougherty LR. Hippocampal subregion volume in high-risk offspring is associated with increases in depressive symptoms across the transition to adolescence. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:358-366. [PMID: 33348179 PMCID: PMC7856102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. This study examined whether youth hippocampal subregion volumes were differentially associated with maternal depression history and youth's depressive symptoms across the transition to adolescence. METHODS 74 preadolescent offspring (Mage=10.74+/-0.84 years) of mothers with (n = 33) and without a lifetime depression history (n = 41) completed a structural brain scan. Youth depressive symptoms were assessed with clinical interviews and mother- and youth-reports prior to the neuroimaging assessment at age 9 (Mage=9.08+/-0.29 years), at the neuroimaging assessment, and in early adolescence (Mage=12.56+/-0.40 years). RESULTS Maternal depression was associated with preadolescent offspring's reduced bilateral hippocampal head volumes and increased left hippocampal body volume. Reduced bilateral head volumes were associated with offspring's increased concurrent depressive symptoms. Furthermore, reduced right hippocampal head volume mediated associations between maternal depression and increases in offspring depressive symptoms from age 9 to age 12. LIMITATIONS This study included a modest-sized sample that was oversampled for early temperamental characteristics, one neuroimaging assessment, and no correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Findings implicate reductions in hippocampal head volume in the intergenerational transmission of risk from parents to offspring.
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7
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Feng R, Bao W, Zhuo L, Gao Y, Yao H, Li Y, Liang L, Liang K, Zhou M, Zhang L, Huang G, Huang X. Family Conflict Associated With Intrinsic Hippocampal-OFC Connectivity in Adolescent Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:797898. [PMID: 35095611 PMCID: PMC8795074 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.797898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family environment and life events have long been suggested to be associated with adolescent depression. The hippocampus plays a crucial role in the neural mechanism of major depressive disorder (MDD) through memory during stressful events. However, few studies have explored the exact neural mechanisms underlying these associations. Thus, the current study aimed to explore alterations in hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) in adolescent MDD based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and further investigate the relationship between hippocampal FC, environmental factors, and clinical symptom severity. METHODS Hippocampal FC was calculated using the seed-based approach with the bilateral hippocampus as the seed for 111 adolescents with and without MDD; comparisons were made between participants with MDD and controls. We applied the Chinese version of the Family Environment Scale (FES-CV) and Adolescents Self-Rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC) to evaluate family environment and life stress. Their relationship with hippocampal FC alterations was also investigated. RESULTS We found that compared to controls, adolescents with MDD showed decreased connectivity between the left hippocampus and bilateral orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and right inferior temporal gyrus. In addition, the hippocampal-OFC connectivity was negatively correlated with conflict scores of the FES-CV in the MDD group and mediated the association between family conflict and depressive and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION Our findings are novel in the field and demonstrate how family conflict contributes to MDD symptomatology through hippocampal-OFC connectivity; these findings may provide potential targets for personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, Sichuan Mental Health Center, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China
| | - Weijie Bao
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihua Zhuo
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Mental Health Center, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China
| | - Yingxue Gao
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongchao Yao
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Mental Health Center, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Sichuan Mental Health Center, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China
| | - Lijun Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sichuan Mental Health Center, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China
| | - Kaili Liang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Mental Health Center, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China
| | - Lianqing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoping Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sichuan Mental Health Center, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Kazantseva A, Davydova Y, Enikeeva R, Lobaskova M, Mustafin R, Malykh S, Takhirova Z, Khusnutdinova E. AVPR1A main effect and OXTR-by-environment interplay in individual differences in depression level. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05240. [PMID: 33088973 PMCID: PMC7567928 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple studies of depression indicated a significant role of gene-by-environment interactions; however, they are mainly limited to the examination of modulating effect of recent stressful life events. Other environmental factors occurring at different stages of ante- and postnatal development may affect the association between multiple genes and depression. The study aimed to analyze the main and haplotype-based effect of serotonergic system and HPA-axis gene polymorphisms on depression and to detect gene-by-environment interaction models explaining individual variance in depression in mentally healthy young adults from Russia. Methods Depression score was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in 623 healthy individuals (81% women; 17-25 years) of Caucasian origin (Russians, Tatars, Udmurts) from Russia. The main- and gene-based effects of 12 SNPs in SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR, rs1042173), HTR2A (rs7322347), OXTR (rs7632287, rs2254298, rs13316193, rs53576, rs2228485, rs237911), AVPR1A (rs3803107, rs1042615), and AVPR1B (rs33911258) genes, and gene-by-environment interactions were tested with linear regression models (PLINK v.1.9) adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results We observed ethnicity-specific main effect of the AVPR1A rs3803107 (P = 0.003; PFDR = 0.047) and gene-based effect of the OXTR gene (Р = 0.005; Pperm = 0.034) on BDI-measured depression, and modifying effect of paternal care on OXTR rs53576 (P = 0.004; PFDR = 0.012) and birth order on OXTR rs237911 (P = 0.006; PFDR = 0.018) association with depression level. Limitations A hypothesis driven candidate gene approach, which examined a limited number of genetic variants in a moderately large sample, was used. Conclusions Our preliminary findings indicate that familial environment may play a permissive role modulating the manifestation of OXTR-based depression variance in mentally healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kazantseva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, 450054, Russia
| | - Yu Davydova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, 450054, Russia
| | - R Enikeeva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, 450054, Russia
| | - M Lobaskova
- Psychological Institute, Russian Academy of Education, 9/4, Mohovaya Street, Moscow, 125009, Russia
| | - R Mustafin
- Bashkir State Medical University, 3, Lenin Street, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - S Malykh
- Psychological Institute, Russian Academy of Education, 9/4, Mohovaya Street, Moscow, 125009, Russia
| | - Z Takhirova
- Russian Academy of Education, 8, Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - E Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa, 450054, Russia
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Tan PZ, Oppenheimer CW, Ladouceur CD, Butterfield RD, Silk JS. A review of associations between parental emotion socialization behaviors and the neural substrates of emotional reactivity and regulation in youth. Dev Psychol 2020; 56:516-527. [PMID: 32077721 PMCID: PMC7155917 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As highlighted by Eisenberg, Cumberland, and Spinrad (1998), parents play a critical role in children's socioemotional development, in part, by shaping how children and adolescents process, respond to, and regulate their emotions (i.e., emotional reactivity/regulation). Although evidence for associations between parenting behavior and youth's emotional processing has relied primarily on behavioral measures of emotion, researchers have begun to examine how parenting is related to the neural substrates of youth's reactivity and regulation. This article reviews a growing literature linking parental behavior with structural brain development as well as functional activity and connectivity in neural regions supporting emotional reactivity/regulation during infancy, childhood, and adolescence. By focusing on normative parental behaviors, we evaluate the evidence for associations between typical variations in caregiving and neural processes thought to support youth's emotional reactivity/regulation. The purpose of this review is to (1) extend the model put forth by Eisenberg and colleagues to consider the ways that parenting behaviors are related to neural substrates of youth's emotional reactivity and regulation; (2) review the empirical evidence for associations between parenting, particularly parental "emotion-related socialization behaviors" (ERSBs), and neural substrates of youth's emotional reactivity/regulation; and (3) recommend future directions for this emerging area of research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Kennis M, Gerritsen L, van Dalen M, Williams A, Cuijpers P, Bockting C. Prospective biomarkers of major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:321-338. [PMID: 31745238 PMCID: PMC6974432 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Leading biological hypotheses propose that biological changes may underlie major depressive disorder onset and relapse/recurrence. Here, we investigate if there is prospective evidence for biomarkers derived from leading theories. We focus on neuroimaging, gastrointestinal factors, immunology, neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, hormones, and oxidative stress. Searches were performed in Pubmed, Embase and PsychInfo for articles published up to 06/2019. References and citations of included articles were screened to identify additional articles. Inclusion criteria were having an MDD diagnosis as outcome, a biomarker as predictor, and prospective design search terms were formulated accordingly. PRISMA guidelines were applied. Meta-analyses were performed using a random effect model when three or more comparable studies were identified, using a random effect model. Our search resulted in 67,464 articles, of which 75 prospective articles were identified on: Neuroimaging (N = 24), Gastrointestinal factors (N = 1), Immunology (N = 8), Neurotrophic (N = 2), Neurotransmitters (N = 1), Hormones (N = 39), Oxidative stress (N = 1). Meta-analyses on brain volumes and immunology markers were not significant. Only cortisol (N = 19, OR = 1.294, p = 0.024) showed a predictive effect on onset/relapse/recurrence of MDD, but not on time until MDD onset/relapse/recurrence. However, this effect disappeared when studies including participants with a baseline clinical diagnosis were removed from the analyses. Other studies were too heterogeneous to compare. Thus, there is a lack of evidence for leading biological theories for onset and maintenance of depression. Only cortisol was identified as potential predictor for MDD, but results are influenced by the disease state. High-quality (prospective) studies on MDD are needed to disentangle the etiology and maintenance of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzy Kennis
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Gerritsen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marije van Dalen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alishia Williams
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudi Bockting
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Toenders YJ, van Velzen LS, Heideman IZ, Harrison BJ, Davey CG, Schmaal L. Neuroimaging predictors of onset and course of depression in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 39:100700. [PMID: 31426010 PMCID: PMC6969367 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) often emerges during adolescence with detrimental effects on development as well as lifetime consequences. Identifying neurobiological markers that are associated with the onset or course of this disorder in childhood and adolescence is important for early recognition and intervention and, potentially, for the prevention of illness onset. In this systematic review, 68 longitudinal neuroimaging studies, from 34 unique samples, that examined the association of neuroimaging markers with onset or changes in paediatric depression published up to 1 February 2019 were examined. These studies employed different imaging modalities at baseline; structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI) or electroencephalography (EEG). Most consistent evidence across studies was found for blunted reward-related (striatal) activity (fMRI and EEG) as a potential biological marker for both MDD onset and course. With regard to structural brain measures, the results were highly inconsistent, likely caused by insufficient power to detect complex mediating effects of genetic and environmental factors in small sample sizes. Overall, there were a limited number of samples, and confounding factors such as sex and pubertal development were often not considered, whereas these factors are likely to be relevant especially in this age range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara J Toenders
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Laura S van Velzen
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ivonne Z Heideman
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry St, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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12
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Yi SY, Barnett BR, Yu JPJ. Preclinical neuroimaging of gene-environment interactions in psychiatric disease. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20180885. [PMID: 30982323 PMCID: PMC6732909 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disease is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Despite the global burden and need for accurate diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, psychiatric diagnosis remains largely based on patient-reported symptoms, allowing for immense symptomatic heterogeneity within a single disease. In renewed efforts towards improved diagnostic specificity and subsequent evaluation of treatment response, a greater understanding of the underlying of the neuropathology and neurobiology of neuropsychiatric disease is needed. However, dissecting these mechanisms of neuropsychiatric illness in clinical populations are problematic with numerous experimental hurdles limiting hypothesis-driven studies including genetic confounds, variable life experiences, different environmental exposures, therapeutic histories, as well as the inability to investigate deeper molecular changes in vivo . Preclinical models, where many of these confounding factors can be controlled, can serve as a crucial experimental bridge for studying the neurobiological origins of mental illness. Furthermore, although behavioral studies and molecular studies are relatively common in these model systems, focused neuroimaging studies are very rare and represent an opportunity to link the molecular changes in psychiatric illness with advanced quantitative neuroimaging studies. In this review, we present an overview of well-validated genetic and environmental models of psychiatric illness, discuss gene-environment interactions, and examine the potential role of neuroimaging towards understanding genetic, environmental, and gene-environmental contributions to psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Y. Yi
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Madison, USA
| | - Brian R. Barnett
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Madison, USA
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13
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Sadeh N, Spielberg JM, Logue MW, Hayes JP, Wolf EJ, McGlinchey RE, Milberg WP, Schichman SA, Stone A, Miller MW. Linking genes, circuits, and behavior: network connectivity as a novel endophenotype of externalizing. Psychol Med 2019; 49:1905-1913. [PMID: 30207258 PMCID: PMC6414280 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718002672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Externalizing disorders are known to be partly heritable, but the biological pathways linking genetic risk to the manifestation of these costly behaviors remain under investigation. This study sought to identify neural phenotypes associated with genomic vulnerability for externalizing disorders. METHODS One-hundred fifty-five White, non-Hispanic veterans were genotyped using a genome-wide array and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Genetic susceptibility was assessed using an independently developed polygenic score (PS) for externalizing, and functional neural networks were identified using graph theory based network analysis. Tasks of inhibitory control and psychiatric diagnosis (alcohol/substance use disorders) were used to measure externalizing phenotypes. RESULTS A polygenic externalizing disorder score (PS) predicted connectivity in a brain circuit (10 nodes, nine links) centered on left amygdala that included several cortical [bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) pars triangularis, left rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC)] and subcortical (bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, and striatum) regions. Directional analyses revealed that bilateral amygdala influenced left prefrontal cortex (IFG) in participants scoring higher on the externalizing PS, whereas the opposite direction of influence was observed for those scoring lower on the PS. Polygenic variation was also associated with higher Participation Coefficient for bilateral amygdala and left rACC, suggesting that genes related to externalizing modulated the extent to which these nodes functioned as communication hubs. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that externalizing polygenic risk is associated with disrupted connectivity in a neural network implicated in emotion regulation, impulse control, and reinforcement learning. Results provide evidence that this network represents a genetically associated neurobiological vulnerability for externalizing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Sadeh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Spielberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W. Logue
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jasmeet P. Hayes
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erika J. Wolf
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Regina E. McGlinchey
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders and Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William P. Milberg
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders and Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven A. Schichman
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Annjanette Stone
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Mark W. Miller
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Pozzi E, Bousman CA, Simmons JG, Vijayakumar N, Schwartz O, Seal M, Yap MB, Allen NB, Whittle SL. Interaction between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis genetic variation and maternal behavior in the prediction of amygdala connectivity in children. Neuroimage 2019; 197:493-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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15
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Interactive effects of genetic polymorphisms and childhood adversity on brain morphologic changes in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019. [PMID: 29535036 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of depression is characterized by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors and brain structural alteration. Childhood adversity is a major contributing factor in the development of depression. Interactions between childhood adversity and candidate genes for depression could affect brain morphology via the modulation of neurotrophic factors, serotonergic neurotransmission, or the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and this pathway may explain the subsequent onset of depression. Childhood adversity is associated with structural changes in the hippocampus, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as white matter tracts such as the corpus callosum, cingulum, and uncinate fasciculus. Childhood adversity showed an interaction with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene Val66Met polymorphism, serotonin transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR), and FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) gene rs1360780 in brain morphologic changes in patients with depression and in a non-clinical population. Individuals with the Met allele of BDNF Val66Met and a history of childhood adversity had reduced volume in the hippocampus and its subfields, amygdala, and PFC and thinner rostral ACC in a study of depressed patients and healthy controls. The S allele of 5-HTTLPR combined with exposure to childhood adversity or a poorer parenting environment was associated with a smaller hippocampal volume and subsequent onset of depression. The FKBP5 gene rs160780 had a significant interaction with childhood adversity in the white matter integrity of brain regions involved in emotion processing. This review identified that imaging genetic studies on childhood adversity may deepen our understanding on the neurobiological background of depression by scrutinizing complicated pathways of genetic factors, early psychosocial environments, and the accompanying morphologic changes in emotion-processing neural circuitry.
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16
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The Impact of Stress and Major Depressive Disorder on Hippocampal and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Morphology. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:443-453. [PMID: 30470559 PMCID: PMC6380948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric reductions in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are among the most well-documented neural abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD). Hippocampal and mPFC structural reductions have been specifically tied to MDD illness progression markers, including greater number of major depressive episodes (MDEs), longer illness duration, and nonremission/treatment resistance. Chronic stress plays a critical role in the development of hippocampal and mPFC deficits, with some studies suggesting that these deficits occur irrespective of MDE occurrence. However, preclinical and human research also points to other stress-mediated neurotoxic processes, including enhanced inflammation and neurotransmitter disturbances, which may require the presence of an MDE and contribute to further brain structural decline as the illness advances. Specifically, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, enhanced inflammation and oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter abnormalities (e.g., serotonin, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid) likely interact to facilitate illness progression in MDD. Congruent with stress sensitization models of MDD, with each consecutive MDE it may take lower levels of stress to trigger these neurotoxic pathways, leading to more pronounced brain volumetric reductions. Given that stress and MDD have overlapping and distinct influences on neurobiological pathways implicated in hippocampal and mPFC structural decline, further work is needed to clarify which precise mechanisms ultimately contribute to MDD development and maintenance.
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17
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Blankenship SL, Chad-Friedman E, Riggins T, Dougherty LR. Early parenting predicts hippocampal subregion volume via stress reactivity in childhood. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 61:125-140. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland
| | - Lea R. Dougherty
- Department of Psychology; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland
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18
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Little K, Olsson CA, Whittle S, Macdonald JA, Sheeber LB, Youssef GJ, Simmons JG, Sanson AV, Foley DL, Allen NB. Sometimes It's Good to be Short: The Serotonin Transporter Gene, Positive Parenting, and Adolescent Depression. Child Dev 2017; 90:1061-1079. [PMID: 29094757 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In threatening environments, the short (S) allele of 5-HTTLPR is proposed to augment risk for depression. However, it is unknown whether 5-HTTLPR variation increases risk for depression in environments of deprivation, lacking positive or nurturant features. Two independent longitudinal studies (n = 681 and 176, respectively) examined whether 5-HTTLPR moderated associations between low levels of positive parenting at 11-13 years and subsequent depression at 17-19 years. In both studies only LL homozygous adolescents were at greater risk for depression with decreasing levels of positive parenting. Thus, while the S allele has previously been identified as a susceptible genotype, these findings suggest that the L allele may also confer sensitivity to depression in the face of specific environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keriann Little
- University of Melbourne.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute.,Deakin University
| | - Craig A Olsson
- University of Melbourne.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute.,Deakin University
| | | | - Jacqui A Macdonald
- University of Melbourne.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute.,Deakin University
| | | | - George J Youssef
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute.,Deakin University.,Monash University
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19
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Schriber RA, Anbari Z, Robins RW, Conger RD, Hastings PD, Guyer AE. Hippocampal volume as an amplifier of the effect of social context on adolescent depression. Clin Psychol Sci 2017; 5:632-649. [PMID: 28740744 PMCID: PMC5521202 DOI: 10.1177/2167702617699277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent models have focused on how brain-based individual differences in social sensitivity shape affective development in adolescence, when rates of depression escalate. Given the importance of the hippocampus in binding contextual and affective elements of experience, as well as its putative role in depression, we examined hippocampal volume as a moderator of the effects of social context on depressive symptoms in a sample of 209 Mexican-origin adolescents. Adolescents with larger versus smaller hippocampal volumes showed heightened sensitivity in their depressive symptoms to a protective factor inside the home (sense of family connectedness) and a risk factor outside of it (community crime exposure). These interactive effects uniquely predicted depressive symptoms and were greater for the left side, suggesting two independent social-contextual contributions to depression that were moderated by left hippocampal volume. Results elucidate complex brain-environment interplay in adolescent depression, offering clues about for whom and how social context plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zainab Anbari
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA
| | | | - Rand D. Conger
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Paul D. Hastings
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Amanda E. Guyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA
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20
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Schwartz OS, Simmons JG, Whittle S, Byrne ML, Yap MBH, Sheeber LB, Allen NB. Affective Parenting Behaviors, Adolescent Depression, and Brain Development: A Review of Findings From the Orygen Adolescent Development Study. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Hsu FC, Yuan M, Bowden DW, Xu J, Smith SC, Wagenknecht LE, Langefeld CD, Divers J, Register TC, Carr JJ, Williamson JD, Sink KM, Maldjian JA, Freedman BI. Adiposity is inversely associated with hippocampal volume in African Americans and European Americans with diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:1506-1512. [PMID: 27615667 PMCID: PMC5050135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess associations between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and computed tomography-determined volumes of pericardial, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissue with magnetic resonance imaging-(MRI) based cerebral structure and cognitive performance in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS This study was performed in 348 African Americans (AAs) and 256 European Americans (EAs) with T2D. Associations between adiposity measures with cerebral volumes of white matter (WMV), gray matter (GMV), white matter lesions, hippocampal GMV, and hippocampal WMV, cognitive performance and depression were examined using marginal models incorporating generalized estimating equations. All models were adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, HbA1c, hypertension, statins, cardiovascular disease, MRI scanner (MRI outcomes only), and time between scans; some neuroimaging measures were additionally adjusted for intracranial volume. RESULTS Participants were 59.9% female with mean (SD) age 57.7(9.3)years, diabetes duration 9.6(6.8)years, and HbA1c 7.8(1.9)%. In AAs, inverse associations were detected between hippocampal GMV and both BMI (β [95% CI]-0.18 [-0.30, -0.07], P=0.0018) and WC (-0.23 [-0.35, -0.12], P=0.0001). In the full bi-ethnic sample, inverse associations were detected between hippocampal WMV and WC (P≤0.0001). Positive relationships were observed between BMI (P=0.0007) and WC (P<0.0001) with depression in EAs. CONCLUSIONS In patients with T2D, adiposity is inversely associated with hippocampal gray and white matter volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Chi Hsu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mingxia Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Centers for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research & Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jianzhao Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - S Carrie Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jasmin Divers
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - J Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeff D Williamson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kaycee M Sink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joseph A Maldjian
- Department of Radiology, Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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