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Garrison ACS, Yoon SO, Brown-Schmidt S, Ariss T, Fairbairn CE. Alcohol and common ground: The effects of intoxication on linguistic markers of shared understanding during social exchange. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2024; 38:79-91. [PMID: 37166946 PMCID: PMC10638465 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most alcohol consumption takes place in social contexts, and the belief that alcohol enhances social interactions has been identified as among the more robust predictors of alcohol use disorder (AUD) development. Yet, we know little of how alcohol affects mental representations of others-what we share and do not share-nor the extent to which intoxication might impact the development of shared understanding (i.e., common ground) between interaction partners. Employing a randomized experimental design and objective linguistic outcome measures, we present two studies examining the impact of alcohol consumption on the development and use of common ground. METHOD In Study 1, groups of strangers or friends were administered either alcohol (target Breath Alcohol Content = .08%) or a control beverage, following which they completed a task requiring them to develop a shared language to describe ambiguous images and then describe those images to either a knowledgeable or a naïve partner. The same procedures were completed in Study 2 using a within-subjects alcohol administration design and all-stranger groups. RESULTS Study 1 findings did not reach significance but suggested that alcohol may facilitate common ground development selectively among stranger groups. This effect emerged as significant in the context of the within-subjects design of Study 2, b = -0.19, p = .007, with participants demonstrating greater facility in establishing common ground during alcohol versus control sessions. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that alcohol facilitates the development of shared linguistic understanding in novel social spaces, indicating common ground as one potential mechanism to consider in our broader examination of alcohol reinforcement and AUD etiology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C S Garrison
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Si On Yoon
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa
| | | | - Talia Ariss
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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2
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Clark KA, Pachankis JE, Dougherty LR, Katz BA, Hill KE, Klein DN, Kujawa A. Adolescents' Sexual Orientation and Behavioral and Neural Reactivity to Peer Acceptance and Rejection: The Moderating Role of Family Support. Clin Psychol Sci 2024; 12:115-132. [PMID: 38288008 PMCID: PMC10824405 DOI: 10.1177/21677026231158574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Sexual-minority adolescents frequently endure peer rejection, yet scant research has investigated sexual-orientation differences in behavioral and neural reactions to peer rejection and acceptance. In a community sample of adolescents approximately 15 years old (47.2% female; same-sex attracted: n = 36, exclusively other-sex attracted: n = 310), we examined associations among sexual orientation and behavioral and neural reactivity to peer feedback and the moderating role of family support. Participants completed a social-interaction task while electroencephalogram data were recorded in which they voted to accept/reject peers and, in turn, received peer acceptance/rejection feedback. Compared with heterosexual adolescents, sexual-minority adolescents engaged in more behavioral efforts to ingratiate after peer rejection and demonstrated more blunted neural reactivity to peer acceptance at low, but not medium or high, levels of family support. By using a simulated real-world social-interaction task, these results demonstrate that sexual-minority adolescents display distinct behavioral and neural reactions to peer acceptance and rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty A. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - John E. Pachankis
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Clinical Psychological Science Public Health
| | | | | | - Kaylin E. Hill
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
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3
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Burdick R, Lin TF, Shune SE. Visual Modeling: A Socialization-Based Intervention to Improve Nutritional Intake Among Nursing Home Residents. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2021; 30:2202-2213. [PMID: 34463561 DOI: 10.1044/2021_ajslp-21-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Malnutrition is a widespread, dangerous, and costly condition among institutionalized older adults and can be both a contributor to and consequence of dysphagia for individuals with cognitive impairment. However, interventions to maximize intake in individuals with dementia are limited and frequently problematic, with negative implications for independence and quality of life. The goal of this study was to examine a novel, socialization-grounded intervention based on visual modeling, utilizing the theoretical underpinnings of motor resonance and mimicry. Method To examine the impact of environment on intake, data were collected from four nursing home residents (M age = 83.5 years, SD = 4.2; three women) with dementia. Weight of food and liquid intake was measured across 15 meals and three different mealtime conditions: the "baseline condition" in which the individual ate alone, the "watch condition" in which the individual ate in the company of a "mealtime buddy," and the "eat" condition in which the individual consumed a meal while the "mealtime buddy" did the same. Results Data visualization supported a weak functional relation between eating environment and amount of intake consumed across participants. Log response ratio estimates suggested a trend for increased weight of food consumed during the eat condition as compared to baseline and the eat condition as compared to the watch condition for some participants. Conclusions These results preliminarily support the benefit of a visual model for increased consumption in some individuals with dementia. The presence and magnitude of the effect across conditions varied based on individual-level factors, such as cognitive status, which has implications for implementation. Overall, this study provides initial proof of concept regarding the use of visual modeling as an intervention approach, laying the foundation for larger scale future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Burdick
- Genesis Rehab Services, Kennett Square, PA
- Swallowing and Salivary Bioscience Lab, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Ting-fen Lin
- Communication Disorders and Sciences, University of Oregon,Eugene
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Deaf Studies, California State University, Fresno
| | - Samantha E Shune
- Communication Disorders and Sciences, University of Oregon,Eugene
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Brodie ZP, Wilson C, Scott GG. Sextual Intercourse: Considering Social-Cognitive Predictors and Subsequent Outcomes of Sexting Behavior in Adulthood. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:2367-2379. [PMID: 31502070 PMCID: PMC6757024 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01497-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify specific social-cognitive factors that may influence the likelihood of engaging in sexting, and potential positive and negative outcomes of such behaviors, in adults. We asked 244 adult participants (64.5% women) to complete a set of online measures reflecting sexting engagement, social-cognitive factors (definitions, differential association, differential reinforcement, and imitation), and outcomes of sexting behavior (risky sexual behavior appraisal, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction). Results showed that 77.6% of our sample had sexted. Sexting in the context of a romantic relationship was predicted by differential reinforcement and friend imitation, while positive definitions of sexting alone predicted sexting someone outside the context of a romantic relationship. This indicates that motivations for sexting engagement may be context specific in adulthood. Those who had sexted demonstrated significantly higher sexual satisfaction than those who had never sexted. However, sexting outside of a romantic relationship predicted reduced perceived risk and heightened perceived benefit of engaging in real-life risky sexual behaviors. This suggests there may be both positive and negative implications of sexting engagement in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara P Brodie
- School of Media, Culture, & Society, University of the West of Scotland, Room L248, Elles Building East, Glasgow, Scotland, PA1 2BE, UK.
| | - Claire Wilson
- School of Media, Culture, & Society, University of the West of Scotland, Room L248, Elles Building East, Glasgow, Scotland, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Graham G Scott
- School of Media, Culture, & Society, University of the West of Scotland, Room L248, Elles Building East, Glasgow, Scotland, PA1 2BE, UK
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Duffy KA, Green PA, Chartrand TL. Mimicry and Modeling of Health(-Risk) Behaviors: How Others Impact Our Health(-Risk) Behaviors Without Our Awareness. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10919-019-00318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Stangl BL, Schuster RM, Schneider A, Dechert A, Potter KW, Hareli M, Mahmud F, Yalin ER, Ramchandani VA, Gilman JM. Suggestibility is associated with alcohol self-administration, subjective alcohol effects, and self-reported drinking behavior. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:769-778. [PMID: 30829118 PMCID: PMC6936214 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119827813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suggestibility, defined as an individual's inclination to accept and internalize messages, has not been studied in relation to alcohol use. Peer conformity, a component of suggestibility, may be related to alcohol use, as peer groups show similarities in patterns of alcohol use. Few studies have assessed how suggestibility and peer conformity relate to alcohol self-administration or to reinforcing effects of alcohol. AIMS This study assessed whether suggestibility and peer conformity were associated with drinking behavior, alcohol self-administration, subjective response to alcohol, and drinking motives and expectancies. METHODS Study 1 participants were alcohol drinkers (n=20), who completed a laboratory study of free-access intravenous alcohol self-administration. Study 2 participants were adolescents and young adults, age 14-25 (n=150), with lifetime alcohol use. Participants completed surveys of suggestibility and drinking patterns (Study 1 and 2), subjective alcohol effects (Study 1 only), and alcohol motives and expectancies (Study 2 only). RESULTS/OUTCOMES In Study 1, participants with higher levels of suggestiblity self-administered more alcohol, and reported greater subjective alcohol effects. Peer conformity, though correlated with suggestibility, was not related to these measures. In Study 2, participants with higher suggestiblity reported more alcohol consumption, higher drinking motives and alcohol expectancies. Peer conformity was not related to alcohol consumption, but was related to coping and enhancement drinking motives, and all expectancies measures. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Results indicate that suggestibility, beyond peer conformity, may be a critical factor to study when examining alcohol consumption behavior, and may provide insight into the development of alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany L Stangl
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Randi M Schuster
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alyssa Schneider
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alyson Dechert
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin W Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maya Hareli
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fahim Mahmud
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elgin R Yalin
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jodi M Gilman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Reid AE, Field M, Jones A, DiLemma LCG, Robinson E. Social modelling of health behaviours: Testing self-affirmation as a conformity-reduction strategy. Br J Health Psychol 2019; 24:651-667. [PMID: 31081224 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social conformity negatively affects health. Exposure to peers who model unhealthy alcohol or food consumption increases personal consumption. Self-affirmation alters processes related to the motivations underlying conformity. We therefore tested whether self-affirmation reduces conformity to unhealthy behaviour and does so by reducing affiliation needs and/or increasing self-regulation. DESIGN In two studies, participants were randomized to one of four conditions in a 2 (low vs. high peer modelling) × 2 (self-affirmed vs. not) design. METHODS In Study 1 (N = 153), a confederate modelled low or high alcohol consumption. Participants' alcohol consumption was recorded; mimicry of confederates' sips was coded. In Study 2 (N = 122), written information indicated others' snack food intake during the study. Participants' food consumption was recorded. Affiliative interest was assessed in both studies. Inhibitory control and private self-awareness were assessed in Studies 1 and 2, respectively. RESULTS In Study 1, participants exposed to heavy drinking consumed significantly more alcohol and mimicked the confederate more frequently than participants exposed to the light drinking model. Self-affirmation did not reduce this tendency, nor did it affect affiliative interest or inhibitory control. Exploratory analysis supported that mimicry mediated the peer modelling-consumption relationship. In Study 2, participants ate more when they believed others had eaten a lot, as opposed to little. Self-affirmation did not reduce this tendency and did not affect affiliative interest. Self-affirmed participants had higher private self-awareness than those who were not self-affirmed, but self-awareness did not affect consumption. CONCLUSION Peer behaviour strongly influences personal consumption. Self-affirmation did not reduce behavioural conformity. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Exposure to peers who engage in high consumption of alcohol and unhealthy foods is associated with increased personal consumption. Few studies have examined strategies to reduce conformity to consumption behaviours. What does this study add? Across two studies, self-affirmation did not reduce behavioural conformity, despite its' positive effects on private self-awareness. Conformity in face-to-face interactions is largely driven by mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allecia E Reid
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, Maine, USA.,Institute of Psychology, Health & Society, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Matt Field
- Institute of Psychology, Health & Society, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Institute of Psychology, Health & Society, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Lisa C G DiLemma
- Institute of Psychology, Health & Society, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Eric Robinson
- Institute of Psychology, Health & Society, University of Liverpool, UK
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Nogueira-Arjona R, Shannon T, Kehayes IL, Sherry SB, Keough MT, Stewart SH. Drinking to keep pace: A study of the moderating influence of extraversion on alcohol consumption similarity in drinking buddy dyads. Addict Behav 2019; 92:69-75. [PMID: 30597333 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Heavy drinking in college remains a concerning issue due to its association with both health and social risks. While modelling contributes to college students' alcohol use, little work has identified who might be most susceptible to modelling effects. Peterson, Morey, and Higgins (2005) found males high in extraversion were more susceptible than others to matching strangers' drinking levels in a lab-based social drinking context. We sought to replicate and extend these findings by examining the impact of extraversion on social matching of alcohol consumption levels of a drinking buddy in college students' real lives. First, a significant relationship between buddy and target drinking levels was predicted in dyadic drinking situations. Additionally, we hypothesized that target extraversion would positively moderate this buddy- target drinking levels relationship. Data from 149 college student targets (74% F) and their same-sex drinking buddy were collected through online questionnaires examining targets' extraversion levels, and the drinking levels and social drinking context of both dyad members through a 30-day Timeline Followback measure. Linear mixed-effects modelling confirmed the study's first social matching hypothesis, while also revealing that target extraversion positively moderated the relationship between buddy and target daily drinking levels in dyadic drinking contexts. Findings extend those of Peterson et al. (2005) to a real-world (vs. lab-based) context, modelling of a buddy's (vs. stranger's) drinking levels, and a sample including women (vs. all-male). Results provide novel information on extraversion's contributions to modelling of alcohol use that may guide useful modifications to personality-based interventions for reducing college student heavy drinking.
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Riordan BC, Conner TS, Thrul J, Flett JAM, Carey KB, Scarf D. Just a First-Year Thing? The Relations between Drinking During Orientation Week and Subsequent Academic Year Drinking Across Class Years. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:1501-1510. [PMID: 29336658 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1415354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of Orientation Week is to help new students adjust to university life. However, it is a period when many new students engage in excessive alcohol consumption and where problematic drinking patterns may be established. OBJECTIVE The objective is to determine whether returning students drink in a similar manner to students in their first-year of classes and whether Orientation Week drinking predicts semester drinking more strongly for first-year than returning students. METHODS We tested 552 students (18 to 25 years old) in their first, second, or third class year of university. Students reported their Orientation Week drinking and then completed daily drinking diaries for 13 consecutive days during the academic year. RESULTS Orientation Week drinking was similar across class years and also predicted academic year drinking for students in all class years. Conclusion/Importance: Drinking during Orientation Week is not just a first-year problem and prevention efforts should focus on all students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Riordan
- a Department of Psychology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Tamlin S Conner
- a Department of Psychology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Johannes Thrul
- b Bloomberg School of Public Health , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Jayde A M Flett
- a Department of Psychology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Kate B Carey
- c Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences , Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Damian Scarf
- a Department of Psychology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
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Field M, Jones A, Kersbergen I, Robinson E. Experimental Research Requires Valid and Sensitive Measures of Alcohol Intake, and This is a Step in the Right Direction: Commentary on Leeman and Colleagues (2018). Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1019-1021. [PMID: 29656487 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matt Field
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Inge Kersbergen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Hendershot CS, Nona CN. A Review of Developmental Considerations in Human Laboratory Alcohol Research. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2017; 4:364-378. [PMID: 29326866 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-017-0173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Human laboratory studies involving alcohol administration have generated critical knowledge about individual differences in risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD), but have primarily involved adult populations and cross-sectional research designs. Ethical constraints have largely precluded human laboratory alcohol research in adolescence, and prospective studies have been rare. This paper provides an overview of developmental considerations in human laboratory alcohol research, with a focus on studies conducted with youth. RECENT FINDINGS Recent human laboratory studies from Europe and Canada have examined aspects of alcohol response during late adolescence, while recent survey studies from the United States have highlighted methods for circumventing alcohol administration in studies of adolescents. SUMMARY Across several decades of research, exceedingly few laboratory studies have examined developmental differences in alcohol responses or utilized prospective designs. Efforts to prioritize prospective research would further clarify the role of alcohol sensitivity traits as predictors or markers of AUD onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Hendershot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina N Nona
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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