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Kwon H, Kamboj O, Song A, Alarcón-Correa M, Remke J, Moafian F, Miksch B, Goyal R, Kim DY, Hamprecht FA, Fischer P. Scalable Optical Nose Realized with a Chemiresistively Modulated Light-Emitter Array. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402287. [PMID: 38696529 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Biological olfaction relies on a large number of receptors that function as sensors to detect gaseous molecules. It is challenging to realize artificial olfactory systems that contain similarly large numbers of sensory materials. It is shown that combinatorial materials processing with vapor deposition can be used to fabricate large arrays of distinct chemiresistive sensing materials. By combining these with light-emitting diodes, an array of chemiresistively-modulated light-emitting diodes, or ChemLEDs, that permit a simultaneous optical read-out in response to an analyte is obtained. The optical nose uses a common voltage source and ground for all sensing elements and thus eliminates the need for complex wiring of individual sensors. This optical nose contains one hundred ChemLEDs and generates unique light patterns in response to gases and their mixtures. Optical pattern recognition methods enable the quantitative prediction of the corresponding concentrations and compositions, thereby paving the way for massively parallel artificial olfactory systems. ChemLEDs open the possibility to explore demanding gas sensing applications, including in environmental, food quality monitoring, and potentially diagnostic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunah Kwon
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ocima Kamboj
- IWR, Heidelberg University, INF 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Song
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariana Alarcón-Correa
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Remke
- IWR, Heidelberg University, INF 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fahimeh Moafian
- IWR, Heidelberg University, INF 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Björn Miksch
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rahul Goyal
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dong Yeong Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Major of Semiconductor Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Peer Fischer
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Maiti S, Jadhav RG, Mobin SM, Mukherjee TK, Das AK. Insights into the Aggregation Behaviour of a Benzoselenadiazole-Based Compound and Generation of White Light Emission. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2221-2229. [PMID: 31243871 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized the benzoselenadiazole (BDS) based donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) π-conjugated compound 4,7-di((E)styryl)benzo[2,1,3]selenadiazole (1). A single-crystal study of 1 shows J-type molecular aggregation in the solid state. The crystal packing of 1 shows head-to-head dimeric intermolecular assembly via Se⋅⋅⋅N interactions while staircase-type interlock molecular packing has occurred via Se⋅⋅⋅π interaction. The staircase-type interlock packing of dimeric molecular arrangement induces sheet-type, herringbone type architecture along crystallographic a axis and ab plane via CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions. Interestingly, the J-type aggregation of 1 in solid state changes to H-type aggregation upon UV-irradiation. Moreover, our spectroscopic findings in solution state reveal H-type of aggregation of 1 in 90 % aqueous THF. We have further demonstrated white light emission in the binary mixture of 1 and 1-pyrenemethanol (2) in 90 % aqueous THF. Our study reveals solvent specific co-assembly of H-aggregated 1 and 2 in 90 % aqueous THF solution, which shows white light emissive properties with the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates (0.32, 0.31). The observed white light emission arises mainly due to the combination of red light from H-aggregated 1, blue light from monomeric 2 and green light from excimers of 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Rohit G Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Shaikh M Mobin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Tushar K Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Apurba K Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, India
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Bain LE, Kirste R, Johnson CA, Ghashghaei HT, Collazo R, Ivanisevic A. Neurotypic cell attachment and growth on III-nitride lateral polarity structures. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 58:1194-8. [PMID: 26478421 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
III-nitride materials have recently received increasing levels of attention for their potential to successfully interface with, and sense biochemical interactions in biological systems. Expanding on available sensing schemes (including transistor-based devices,) a III-N lateral polarity structure capable of introducing quasi-phase matching through a periodic polarity grating presents a novel platform for second harmonic generation. This platform constitutes a non-linear optical phenomenon with exquisite sensitivity to the chemical state of a surface or interface. To characterize the response of a biological system to the nanostructured lateral polarity structures, we cultured neurotypic PC12 cells on AlGaN with varying ratios of Al:Ga - 0, 0.4, 0.6, and 1 - and on surfaces of varying pitch to the III-polar vs. N-polar grating - 5, 10, 20 and 50 μm. While some toxicity associated with increasing Al is observed, we documented and quantified trends in cell responses to the local material polarity and nanoscale roughness. The nitrogen-polar material has a significantly higher nanoscale roughness than III-polar regions, and a 80-200 nm step height difference between the III-polar and N-polar materials in the lateral polarity configuration generates adequate changes in topography to influence cell growth, improves cell adhesion and promotes cell migration along the direction of the features. As the designed material configuration is further explored for biochemical sensing, the lateral polarity scheme may provide a route in assessing the non-specific protein adsorption to this varying nano-topography that drives the subsequent cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Bain
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - R Kirste
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - C A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - H T Ghashghaei
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - R Collazo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - A Ivanisevic
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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Bain LE, Ivanisevic A. Engineering the cell-semiconductor interface: a materials modification approach using II-VI and III-V semiconductor materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:768-780. [PMID: 25387841 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Developing functional biomedical devices based on semiconductor materials requires an understanding of interactions taking place at the material-biosystem interface. Cell behavior is dependent on the local physicochemical environment. While standard routes of material preparation involve chemical functionalization of the active surface, this review emphasizes both biocompatibility of unmodified surfaces as well as use of topographic features in manipulating cell-material interactions. Initially, the review discusses experiments involving unmodified II-VI and III-V semiconductors - a starting point for assessing cytotoxicity and biocompatibility - followed by specific surface modification, including the generation of submicron roughness or the potential effect of quantum dot structures. Finally, the discussion turns to more recent work in coupling topography and specific chemistry, enhancing the tunability of the cell-semiconductor interface. With this broadened materials approach, researchers' ability to tune the interactions between semiconductors and biological environments continues to improve, reaching new heights in device function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Bain
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Engineering Building 1, Raleigh, NC, 27603, USA
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Bain LE, Jewett SA, Mukund AH, Bedair SM, Paskova TM, Ivanisevic A. Biomolecular gradients via semiconductor gradients: characterization of amino acid adsorption to InxGa1-xN surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:7236-7243. [PMID: 23841643 DOI: 10.1021/am4015555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The band gap of indium gallium nitride can be tuned by varying the compositional ratio of indium to gallium, spanning the entire visible region and extending into the near-infrared and near-ultraviolet. This tunability allows for device optimization specific to different applications, including as a biosensor or platform for studying biological interactions. However, these rely on chemically dependent interactions between the device surface and the biostructures of interest. This study presents a material gradient of changing In:Ga composition and the subsequent evaluation of amino acid adsorption to this surface. Arginine is adsorbed to the surface in conditions both above and below the isoelectric point, providing insight to the role of electrostatic interactions in interface formation. These electrostatics are the driving force of the observed adsorption behaviors, with protonated amino acid demonstrating increased adsorption as a function of native surface oxide buildup. We thus present a gradient inorganic substrate featuring varying affinity for amino acid adhesion, which can be applied in generating gradient architectures for biosensors and studying cellular behaviors without application of specialized patterning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Bain
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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Fan G, Fan L, Li Z, Bai X, Mulligan S, Jia Y, Wang K, Wei J, Cao A, Wu D, Wei B, Zhu H. Hybrid effect of gas flow and light excitation in carbon/silicon Schottky solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15938d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Xie S, Lu Y, Zhang S, Wang L, Zhang X. Electro-optical gas sensor based on a planar light-emitting electrochemical cell microarray. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:1897-1899. [PMID: 20680936 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences of the Education Ministry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Abstract
The photoluminescence (PL) response of highly porous CdSe aerogels to triethylamine (TEA) is investigated and compared to results from prior studies on single crystals and nanoparticle-polymer composites. As-prepared CdSe aerogels show significant and reversible enhancement of luminescence intensity upon exposure to TEA relative to the intensity in pure argon carrier gas. The enhancement in the PL response is dependent on the concentration and linear over the range of TEA concentration studied (4.7 x 10(3)-75 x 10(3) ppm). The sensing response of previously tested samples exhibits saturation behavior that is modeled using Langmuir adsorption isotherms, yielding adsorption equilibrium constants in the range 300-380 atm( - 1). The response is sensitively affected by the surface characteristics of the aerogel; when the wet gels are treated with pyridine prior to aerogel formation, the response to TEA is diminished, and when as-prepared aerogels are heated in a vacuum, no subsequent response is observed. Deactivation is attributed to an increase in surface oxide (SeO(2)) and decrease in surface Cd(2 + ) Lewis acid sites. Sensing runs of approximately one hour have little impact on the morphology or crystallinity of the aerogels, but do result in partial removal of residual thiolate ligands left over from the gelation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Potyrailo RA, Mirsky VM. Combinatorial and High-Throughput Development of Sensing Materials: The First 10 Years. Chem Rev 2008; 108:770-813. [DOI: 10.1021/cr068127f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Solid State pH Sensor Based on Light Emitting Diodes (LED) As Detector Platform. SENSORS 2006. [DOI: 10.3390/s6080648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Enguang D. Surface-related phase noise in SAW resonators. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2002; 49:649-655. [PMID: 12046941 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2002.1002464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of nanotechnologies, electronic devices are shrinking in thickness and width to reduce mass and, thereby, increase frequency and spe Lithographic approaches are capable of creating metal connections with thickness and lateral dimensions down to about 20 nm, approaching the molecular scale. As a result, the dimensions of outer particles are comparable with, or even larger than, those of active or passive regions in electronics devices. Therefore, directing our attention toward the effect of surface fluctuations is of practical significance. In fact, electronic device surface-related phenomena have already received more and more attention as device size decreases. In connection with surface phase noise, selection of a suitable device with high surface sensitivity is important. In this paper, high Q-value surface acoustic wave resonators were employed because of their strong sensitivity to surface perturbation. Phase noise in SAW resonators related to surface particle motion has been examined both theoretically and experimentally. This kind of noise has been studied from the point of view of a stochastic process resulting from particle molecular adsorption and desorption. Experimental results suggest that some volatile vapors can change flicker noise 1/f and random walk noise 1/f2. An analysis has been made indicating that these effects are not associated with Q value variation, but are generated by the change in the dynamic rate of adsorption and desorption of surface particles. Research on particle motion above the device substrate might explain the differences observed from the model based only on the substrate itself. Results might lead to a better understanding of the phase noise mechanism in micro-electronic devices and help us to build oscillators with improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Enguang
- National Laboratory on Local Fiber-optic Communication Networks and Advanced Optical Communication Systems, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Ashkenasy G, Cahen D, Cohen R, Shanzer A, Vilan A. Molecular engineering of semiconductor surfaces and devices. Acc Chem Res 2002; 35:121-8. [PMID: 11851390 DOI: 10.1021/ar990047t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Grafting organic molecules onto solid surfaces can transfer molecular properties to the solid. We describe how modifications of semiconductor or metal surfaces by molecules with systematically varying properties can lead to corresponding trends in the (electronic) properties of the resulting hybrid (molecule + solid) materials and devices made with them. Examples include molecule-controlled diodes and sensors, where the electrons need not to go through the molecules (action at a distance), suggesting a new approach to molecule-based electronics.
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