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Cao Y, Wang Z, Liu J, Ma Q, Li S, Liu J, Li H, Zhang P, Chen T, Wang Y, Chu B, Zhang X, Saiz-Lopez A, Francisco JS, He H. Spontaneous Molecular Bromine Production in Sea-Salt Aerosols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409779. [PMID: 38989722 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Bromine chemistry is responsible for the catalytic ozone destruction in the atmosphere. The heterogeneous reactions of sea-salt aerosols are the main abiotic sources of reactive bromine in the atmosphere. Here, we present a novel mechanism for the activation of bromide ions (Br-) by O2 and H2O in the absence of additional oxidants. The laboratory and theoretical calculation results demonstrated that under dark conditions, Br-, O2 and H3O+ could spontaneously generate Br and HO2 radicals through a proton-electron transfer process at the air-water interface and in the liquid phase. Our results also showed that light and acidity could significantly promote the activation of Br- and the production of Br2. The estimated gaseous Br2 production rate was up to 1.55×1010 molecules cm-2 ⋅ s-1 under light and acidic conditions; these results showed a significant contribution to the atmospheric reactive bromine budget. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during Br- activation could promote the multiphase oxidation of SO2 to produce sulfuric acid, while the increase in acidity had a positive feedback effect on Br- activation. Our findings highlight the crucial role of the proton-electron transfer process in Br2 production; here, H3O+ facilitates the activation of Br- by O2, serves as a significant source of atmospheric reactive bromine and exerts a profound impact on the atmospheric oxidation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Cao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiarong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuying Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Tianzeng Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas Cabrera, CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
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Zhang XY, Yin LJ, Lang XP, He Z, Yang GP. Enhanced release of volatile halocarbons of microalgae in response to antibiotic-induced stress: Based on laboratory and ship-field experiments. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 202:106754. [PMID: 39317087 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the impacts of sulfamethazine (SMZ) and oxytetracycline (OTC) antibiotics on the marine microalgae Nitzschia closterium and its release of volatile halocarbons (VHCs), which contribute to ozone depletion and climate change. High concentrations of SMZ and OTC suppressed cell density, reduced chlorophyll a content, and hindered Fv/Fm elevation in N. closterium, indicating its growth was inhibited. The exposure of N. closterium to antibiotics led to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced soluble protein content, and heightened catalase (CAT) activity, indicative of increased oxidative stress. This stress increased the release of three VHCs (CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl, and CHBr3). Ship-borne experiments showed that high phytoplankton biomass was linked to high VHC release. Notably, the production and release of VHCs were significantly higher in the high-concentration antibiotic group (100 μg/L) than the low-concentration group (0.1 μg/L). These findings suggested that antibiotics induce excess ROS in algal cells, stimulating VHC production and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Li-Jing Yin
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Lang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhen He
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China; Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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3
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Hung H, Halsall C, Ball H, Bidleman T, Dachs J, De Silva A, Hermanson M, Kallenborn R, Muir D, Sühring R, Wang X, Wilson S. Climate change influence on the levels and trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and chemicals of emerging Arctic concern (CEACs) in the Arctic physical environment - a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1577-1615. [PMID: 35244108 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change brings about significant changes in the physical environment in the Arctic. Increasing temperatures, sea ice retreat, slumping permafrost, changing sea ice regimes, glacial loss and changes in precipitation patterns can all affect how contaminants distribute within the Arctic environment and subsequently impact the Arctic ecosystems. In this review, we summarized observed evidence of the influence of climate change on contaminant circulation and transport among various Arctic environment media, including air, ice, snow, permafrost, fresh water and the marine environment. We have also drawn on parallel examples observed in Antarctica and the Tibetan Plateau, to broaden the discussion on how climate change may influence contaminant fate in similar cold-climate ecosystems. Significant knowledge gaps on indirect effects of climate change on contaminants in the Arctic environment, including those of extreme weather events, increase in forests fires, and enhanced human activities leading to new local contaminant emissions, have been identified. Enhanced mobilization of contaminants to marine and freshwater ecosystems has been observed as a result of climate change, but better linkages need to be made between these observed effects with subsequent exposure and accumulation of contaminants in biota. Emerging issues include those of Arctic contamination by microplastics and higher molecular weight halogenated natural products (hHNPs) and the implications of such contamination in a changing Arctic environment is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Hung
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M5P 1W4, Canada.
| | - Crispin Halsall
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Hollie Ball
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Terry Bidleman
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia 08034, Spain
| | - Amila De Silva
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Mark Hermanson
- Hermanson & Associates LLC, 2000 W 53rd Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55419, USA
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- Department of Arctic Technology, University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, 9171, Norway
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, 1432, Norway
| | - Derek Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Roxana Sühring
- Department for Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Simon Wilson
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Secretariat, The Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
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Müller E, von Gunten U, Bouchet S, Droz B, Winkel LHE. Reaction of DMS and HOBr as a Sink for Marine DMS and an Inhibitor of Bromoform Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5547-5558. [PMID: 33788559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we suggested that hypobromous acid (HOBr) is a sink for the marine volatile organic sulfur compound dimethyl sulfide (DMS). However, HOBr is also known to react with reactive moieties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) such as phenolic compounds to form bromoform (CHBr3) and other brominated compounds. The reaction between HOBr and DMS may thus compete with the reaction between HOBr and DOM. To study this potential competition, kinetic batch and diffusion-reactor experiments with DMS, HOBr, and DOM were performed. Based on the reaction kinetics, we modeled concentrations of DMS, HOBr, and CHBr3 during typical algal bloom fluxes of DMS and HOBr (10-13 to 10-9 M s-1). For an intermediate to high HOBr flux (≥10-11 M s-1) and a DMS flux ≤10-11 M s-1, the model shows that the DMS degradation by HOBr was higher than for photochemical oxidation, biological consumption, and sea-air gas exchange combined. For HOBr fluxes ≤10-11 M s-1 and a DMS flux of 10-11 M s-1, our model shows that CHBr3 decreases by 86% compared to a lower DMS flux of 10-12 M s-1. Therefore, the reaction between HOBr and DMS likely not only presents a sink for DMS but also may lead to suppressed CHBr3 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Müller
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water (W+T), Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environment Systems (D-USYS), ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Universitätsstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water (W+T), Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environment Systems (D-USYS), ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Universitätsstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Bouchet
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water (W+T), Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environment Systems (D-USYS), ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Universitätsstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Boris Droz
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water (W+T), Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environment Systems (D-USYS), ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Universitätsstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lenny H E Winkel
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water (W+T), Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environment Systems (D-USYS), ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Universitätsstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Hopkins FE, Suntharalingam P, Gehlen M, Andrews O, Archer SD, Bopp L, Buitenhuis E, Dadou I, Duce R, Goris N, Jickells T, Johnson M, Keng F, Law CS, Lee K, Liss PS, Lizotte M, Malin G, Murrell JC, Naik H, Rees AP, Schwinger J, Williamson P. The impacts of ocean acidification on marine trace gases and the implications for atmospheric chemistry and climate. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 476:20190769. [PMID: 32518503 PMCID: PMC7277135 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2019.0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface ocean biogeochemistry and photochemistry regulate ocean-atmosphere fluxes of trace gases critical for Earth's atmospheric chemistry and climate. The oceanic processes governing these fluxes are often sensitive to the changes in ocean pH (or pCO2) accompanying ocean acidification (OA), with potential for future climate feedbacks. Here, we review current understanding (from observational, experimental and model studies) on the impact of OA on marine sources of key climate-active trace gases, including dimethyl sulfide (DMS), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia and halocarbons. We focus on DMS, for which available information is considerably greater than for other trace gases. We highlight OA-sensitive regions such as polar oceans and upwelling systems, and discuss the combined effect of multiple climate stressors (ocean warming and deoxygenation) on trace gas fluxes. To unravel the biological mechanisms responsible for trace gas production, and to detect adaptation, we propose combining process rate measurements of trace gases with longer term experiments using both model organisms in the laboratory and natural planktonic communities in the field. Future ocean observations of trace gases should be routinely accompanied by measurements of two components of the carbonate system to improve our understanding of how in situ carbonate chemistry influences trace gas production. Together, this will lead to improvements in current process model capabilities and more reliable predictions of future global marine trace gas fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parvadha Suntharalingam
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Marion Gehlen
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Oliver Andrews
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
| | | | - Laurent Bopp
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS-ENS-UPMC-X, Département de Géosciences, Ecole Normale Supérieure, France
- Université Ecole Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Erik Buitenhuis
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Isabelle Dadou
- Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Oceanographie Spatiales, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Robert Duce
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nadine Goris
- NORCE Climate, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tim Jickells
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Martin Johnson
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Fiona Keng
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Graduate Studies (IGS), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cliff S. Law
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kitack Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Peter S. Liss
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Martine Lizotte
- Department of Biology, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Gillian Malin
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - J. Colin Murrell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Hema Naik
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India
| | - Andrew P. Rees
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, UK
| | - Jörg Schwinger
- NORCE Climate, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Philip Williamson
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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6
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Lim YK, Keng FSL, Phang SM, Sturges WT, Malin G, Abd Rahman N. Effect of irradiance on the emission of short-lived halocarbons from three common tropical marine microalgae. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6758. [PMID: 31041152 PMCID: PMC6476285 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine algae have been reported as important sources of biogenic volatile halocarbons that are emitted into the atmosphere. These compounds are linked to destruction of the ozone layer, thus contributing to climate change. There may be mutual interactions between the halocarbon emission and the environment. In this study, the effect of irradiance on the emission of halocarbons from selected microalgae was investigated. Using controlled laboratory experiments, three tropical marine microalgae cultures, Synechococcus sp. UMACC 371 (cyanophyte), Parachlorella sp. UMACC 245 (chlorophyte) and Amphora sp. UMACC 370 (diatom) were exposed to irradiance of 0, 40 and 120 µmol photons m-2s-1. Stress in the microalgal cultures was indicated by the photosynthetic performance (Fv/Fm, maximum quantum yield). An increase in halocarbon emissions was observed at 120 µmol photons m-2s-1, together with a decrease in Fv/Fm. This was most evident in the release of CH3I by Amphora sp. Synechococcus sp. was observed to be the most affected by irradiance as shown by the increase in emissions of most halocarbons except for CHBr3 and CHBr2Cl. High positive correlation between Fv/Fm and halocarbon emission rates was observed in Synechococcus sp. for CH2Br2. No clear trends in correlation could be observed for the other halocarbons in the other two microalgal species. This suggests that other mechanisms like mitochondria respiration may contribute to halocarbon production, in addition to photosynthetic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kian Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute of Graduate Studies (IPS), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Fiona Seh-Lin Keng
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute of Graduate Studies (IPS), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Moi Phang
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - William T Sturges
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Gill Malin
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Noorsaadah Abd Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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7
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Abrahamsson K, Granfors A, Ahnoff M, Cuevas CA, Saiz-Lopez A. Organic bromine compounds produced in sea ice in Antarctic winter. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5291. [PMID: 30538229 PMCID: PMC6290016 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
During polar springtime, active bromine drives ozone, a greenhouse gas, to near-zero levels. Bromine production and emission in the polar regions have so far been assumed to require sunlight. Here, we report measurements of bromocarbons in sea ice, snow, and air during the Antarctic winter that reveal an unexpected new source of organic bromine to the atmosphere during periods of no sunlight. The results show that Antarctic winter sea ice provides 10 times more bromocarbons to the atmosphere than Southern Ocean waters, and substantially more than summer sea ice. The inclusion of these measurements in a global climate model indicates that the emitted bromocarbons will disperse throughout the troposphere in the southern hemisphere and through photochemical degradation to bromine atoms, contribute ~ 10% to the tropospheric reactive bromine budget. Combined together, our results suggest that winter sea ice could potentially be an important source of atmospheric bromine with implications for atmospheric chemistry and climate at a hemispheric scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Abrahamsson
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottbergs gata 22B, SE-41319, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anna Granfors
- AstraZeneca, Product Technology and Development, SE-43183, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Martin Ahnoff
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottbergs gata 22B, SE-41319, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carlos A Cuevas
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Nadzir MSM, Ashfold MJ, Khan MF, Robinson AD, Bolas C, Latif MT, Wallis BM, Mead MI, Hamid HHA, Harris NRP, Ramly ZTA, Lai GT, Liew JN, Ahamad F, Uning R, Samah AA, Maulud KN, Suparta W, Zainudin SK, Wahab MIA, Sahani M, Müller M, Yeok FS, Rahman NA, Mujahid A, Morris KI, Sasso ND. Spatial-temporal variations in surface ozone over Ushuaia and the Antarctic region: observations from in situ measurements, satellite data, and global models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:2194-2210. [PMID: 29116536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic continent is known to be an unpopulated region due to its extreme weather and climate conditions. However, the air quality over this continent can be affected by long-lived anthropogenic pollutants from the mainland. The Argentinian region of Ushuaia is often the main source area of accumulated hazardous gases over the Antarctic Peninsula. The main objective of this study is to report the first in situ observations yet known of surface ozone (O3) over Ushuaia, the Drake Passage, and Coastal Antarctic Peninsula (CAP) on board the RV Australis during the Malaysian Antarctic Scientific Expedition Cruise 2016 (MASEC'16). Hourly O3 data was measured continuously for 23 days using an EcoTech O3 analyzer. To understand more about the distribution of surface O3 over the Antarctic, we present the spatial and temporal of surface O3 of long-term data (2009-2015) obtained online from the World Meteorology Organization of World Data Centre for greenhouse gases (WMO WDCGG). Furthermore, surface O3 satellite data from the free online NOAA-Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) database and online data assimilation from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)-Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) were used. The data from both online products are compared to document the data sets and to give an indication of its quality towards in situ data. Finally, we used past carbon monoxide (CO) data as a proxy of surface O3 formation over Ushuaia and the Antarctic region. Our key findings were that the surface O3 mixing ratio during MASEC'16 increased from a minimum of 5 ppb to ~ 10-13 ppb approaching the Drake Passage and the Coastal Antarctic Peninsula (CAP) region. The anthropogenic and biogenic O3 precursors from Ushuaia and the marine region influenced the mixing ratio of surface O3 over the Drake Passage and CAP region. The past data from WDCGG showed that the annual O3 cycle has a maximum during the winter of 30 to 35 ppb between June and August and a minimum during the summer (January to February) of 10 to 20 ppb. The surface O3 mixing ratio during the summer was controlled by photochemical processes in the presence of sunlight, leading to the depletion process. During the winter, the photochemical production of surface O3 was more dominant. The NOAA-AIRS and ECMWF-MACC analysis agreed well with the MASEC'16 data but twice were higher during the expedition period. Finally, the CO past data showed the surface O3 mixing ratio was influenced by the CO mixing ratio over both the Ushuaia and Antarctic regions. Peak surface O3 and CO hourly mixing ratios reached up to ~ 38 ppb (O3) and ~ 500 ppb (CO) over Ushuaia. High CO over Ushuaia led to the depletion process of surface O3 over the region. Monthly CO mixing ratio over Antarctic (South Pole) were low, leading to the production of surface O3 over the Antarctic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir
- School of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Centre for Tropical Climate Change System (IKLIM), Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Matthew J Ashfold
- School of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md Firoz Khan
- Centre for Tropical Climate Change System (IKLIM), Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Andrew D Robinson
- Centre of Atmospheric Sciences, Chemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Conor Bolas
- Centre of Atmospheric Sciences, Chemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- School of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Benjamin M Wallis
- School of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Iqbal Mead
- Centre for Atmospheric Informatics and Emissions Technology, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Haris Hafizal Abdul Hamid
- School of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Neil R P Harris
- Centre for Atmospheric Informatics and Emissions Technology, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Zamzam Tuah Ahmad Ramly
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Goh Thian Lai
- School of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ju Neng Liew
- School of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ahamad
- School of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Royston Uning
- School of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azizan Abu Samah
- National Antarctic Research Centre, IPS Building, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Nizam Maulud
- Earth Observation Centre (EOC), Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wayan Suparta
- Space Science Centre (ANGKASA), Institute of Climate Change Level 5, Research Complex Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Khalijah Zainudin
- Space Science Centre (ANGKASA), Institute of Climate Change Level 5, Research Complex Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ikram Abdul Wahab
- Environmental Health and Industrial Safety Program, School of Diagnostic Science and Applied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mazrura Sahani
- Environmental Health and Industrial Safety Program, School of Diagnostic Science and Applied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Moritz Müller
- Biotechnology Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus (SUTS), 93350, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Foong Swee Yeok
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nasaruddin Abdul Rahman
- Sultan Mizan Antarctic Research Foundation, 902-4, Jalan Tun Ismail, 50480, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aazani Mujahid
- Department of Aquatic Science Faculty of Resource Science & Technology University Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Kenobi Isima Morris
- School of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for Sustainable Innovation and Research Initiative (CESIRI), Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Nicholas Dal Sasso
- Ecotech Pty. Limited, 1492, Ferntree Gully Road, Knoxfield, VIC, 3180, Australia
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9
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Achyuthan KE, Harper JC, Manginell RP, Moorman MW. Volatile Metabolites Emission by In Vivo Microalgae-An Overlooked Opportunity? Metabolites 2017; 7:E39. [PMID: 28788107 PMCID: PMC5618324 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragrances and malodors are ubiquitous in the environment, arising from natural and artificial processes, by the generation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although VOCs constitute only a fraction of the metabolites produced by an organism, the detection of VOCs has a broad range of civilian, industrial, military, medical, and national security applications. The VOC metabolic profile of an organism has been referred to as its 'volatilome' (or 'volatome') and the study of volatilome/volatome is characterized as 'volatilomics', a relatively new category in the 'omics' arena. There is considerable literature on VOCs extracted destructively from microalgae for applications such as food, natural products chemistry, and biofuels. VOC emissions from living (in vivo) microalgae too are being increasingly appreciated as potential real-time indicators of the organism's state of health (SoH) along with their contributions to the environment and ecology. This review summarizes VOC emissions from in vivo microalgae; tools and techniques for the collection, storage, transport, detection, and pattern analysis of VOC emissions; linking certain VOCs to biosynthetic/metabolic pathways; and the role of VOCs in microalgae growth, infochemical activities, predator-prey interactions, and general SoH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komandoor E Achyuthan
- Nano and Microsensors Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Jason C Harper
- Bioenergy and Defense Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Ronald P Manginell
- Nano and Microsensors Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Matthew W Moorman
- Nano and Microsensors Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
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10
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Simpson WR, Brown SS, Saiz-Lopez A, Thornton JA, Glasow RV. Tropospheric halogen chemistry: sources, cycling, and impacts. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4035-62. [PMID: 25763598 PMCID: PMC4469175 DOI: 10.1021/cr5006638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William R Simpson
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
| | - Steven S Brown
- ‡NOAA ESRL Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3337, United States
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- ¶Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joel A Thornton
- §Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1640, United States
| | - Roland von Glasow
- ∥Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
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11
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Wever R, van der Horst MA. The role of vanadium haloperoxidases in the formation of volatile brominated compounds and their impact on the environment. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:11778-86. [PMID: 23657250 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium haloperoxidases differ strongly from heme peroxidases in substrate specificity and stability and in contrast to a heme group they contain the bare metal oxide vanadate as a prosthetic group. These enzymes specifically oxidize halides in the presence of hydrogen peroxide into hypohalous acids. These reactive halogen intermediates will react rapidly and aspecifically with many organic molecules. Marine algae and diatoms containing these iodo- and bromoperoxidases produce short-lived brominated methanes (bromoform, CHBr3 and dibromomethane CH2Br2) or iodinated compounds. Some seas and oceans are supersaturated with these compounds and they form an important source of bromine to the troposphere and lower stratosphere and contribute significantly to the global budget of halogenated hydrocarbons. This perspective focuses, in particular, on the biosynthesis of these volatile compounds and the direct or indirect involvement of vanadium haloperoxidases in the production of huge amounts of bromoform and dibromomethane. Some of the global sources are discussed and from the literature a picture emerges in which oxidized brominated species generated by phytoplankton, seaweeds and cyanobacteria react with dissolved organic matter in seawater, resulting in the formation of intermediate brominated compounds. These compounds are unstable and decay via a haloform reaction to form an array of volatile brominated compounds of which bromoform is the major component followed by dibromomethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Wever
- University of Amsterdam, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Polar sea ice is one of the largest ecosystems on Earth. The liquid brine fraction of the ice matrix is home to a diverse array of organisms, ranging from tiny archaea to larger fish and invertebrates. These organisms can tolerate high brine salinity and low temperature but do best when conditions are milder. Thriving ice algal communities, generally dominated by diatoms, live at the ice/water interface and in recently flooded surface and interior layers, especially during spring, when temperatures begin to rise. Although protists dominate the sea ice biomass, heterotrophic bacteria are also abundant. The sea ice ecosystem provides food for a host of animals, with crustaceans being the most conspicuous. Uneaten organic matter from the ice sinks through the water column and feeds benthic ecosystems. As sea ice extent declines, ice algae likely contribute a shrinking fraction of the total amount of organic matter produced in polar waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Arrigo
- Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;
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Pal SK, Mereshchenko AS, Butaeva EV, El-Khoury PZ, Tarnovsky AN. Global sampling of the photochemical reaction paths of bromoform by ultrafast deep-UV through near-IR transient absorption and ab initio multiconfigurational calculations. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:124501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4789268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Development of a simplified, cost effective GC-ECD methodology for the sensitive detection of bromoform in the troposphere. SENSORS 2012. [PMID: 23202011 PMCID: PMC3545582 DOI: 10.3390/s121013583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wherever measurements have been made bromoform was found to be ubiquitous in the surface ocean in pmolar-nmolar concentrations. These measurements show concentrations in coastal regions orders of magnitude higher than in the pelagic oceans. Its atmospheric presence is primarily due to its release from algae and rapid transport to the marine boundary troposphere where it is known to participate in ozone chemistry via photochemical and catalytic pathways. Until quite recently, a limited number of studies existed (compared to other marine volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), mainly due to the analytical challenge(s) presented by the low environmental mixing ratios. In this work we detail the development of a simplified, cost effective method to detect and quantify bromoform in environmental air samples. Air samples (1.5 L) were preconcentrated onto a precooled adsorbent (Carbopack X/Carboxen 1016) trap. These samples were injected by means of rapid thermal desorption for separation and detection by GC-ECD. The system was calibrated by means of a custom-built permeation oven. A linear system response was achieved, having a detection limit of 0.73 ± 0.09 ppt. A range of environmental samples was analysed to demonstrate the ability of the technique to separate and identify bromoform from air samples. The results showed that bromoform concentrations typically averaged 24.7 ± 17.3 ppt in marine air samples, 68.5 ± 26.3 ppt in Cape Town urban air samples and 33.9 ± 40.5 ppt in simulated biomass burning plumes (SBBP).
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15
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Daily bursts of biogenic cyanogen bromide (BrCN) control biofilm formation around a marine benthic diatom. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:2412-7. [PMID: 22308324 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1108062109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial organization of biofilms is strongly regulated by chemical cues released by settling organisms. However, the exact nature of these interactions and the repertoire of chemical cues and signals that micro-organisms produce and exude in response to the presence of competitors remain largely unexplored. Biofilms dominated by microalgae often show remarkable, yet unexplained fine-scale patchy variation in species composition. Because this occurs even in absence of abiotic heterogeneity, antagonistic interactions might play a key role. Here we show that a marine benthic diatom produces chemical cues that cause chloroplast bleaching, a reduced photosynthetic efficiency, growth inhibition and massive cell death in naturally co-occurring competing microalgae. Using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-GC-MS, we demonstrate that this diatom exudes a diverse mixture of volatile iodinated and brominated metabolites including the natural product cyanogen bromide (BrCN), which exhibits pronounced allelopathic activity. Toxin production is light-dependent with a short BrCN burst after sunrise. BrCN acts as a short-term signal, leading to daily "cleaning" events around the algae. We show that allelopathic effects are H(2)O(2) dependent and link BrCN production to haloperoxidase activity. This strategy is a highly effective means of biofilm control and may provide an explanation for the poorly understood role of volatile halocarbons from marine algae, which contribute significantly to the atmospheric halocarbon budget.
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16
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Liu Y, Yvon-Lewis SA, Hu L, Salisbury JE, O'Hern JE. CHBr3, CH2Br2, and CHClBr2in U.S. coastal waters during the Gulf of Mexico and East Coast Carbon cruise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jc006729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Chiba Y, Yoshida T, Ito N, Nishimura H, Imada C, Yasuda H, Sako Y. Isolation of a Bacterium Possessing a Haloacid Dehalogenase from a Marine Sediment Core. Microbes Environ 2009; 24:276-9. [DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me09123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Chiba
- Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Takashi Yoshida
- Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Norihiro Ito
- Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Hiroshi Nishimura
- Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Chiaki Imada
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | - Hisato Yasuda
- Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University
| | - Yoshihiko Sako
- Laboratory of Marine Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
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18
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Zhou Y, Mao H, Russo RS, Blake DR, Wingenter OW, Haase KB, Ambrose J, Varner RK, Talbot R, Sive BC. Bromoform and dibromomethane measurements in the seacoast region of New Hampshire, 2002–2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Miller L, DiTullio G. Chapter 5 Gas Fluxes and Dynamics in Polynyas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0422-9894(06)74005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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20
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Jacobi HW, Kaleschke L, Richter A, Rozanov A, Burrows JP. Observation of a fast ozone loss in the marginal ice zone of the Arctic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Carpenter LJ, Hopkins JR, Jones CE, Lewis AC, Parthipan R, Wevill DJ, Poissant L, Pilote M, Constant P. Abiotic source of reactive organic halogens in the sub-arctic atmosphere? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:8812-6. [PMID: 16323781 DOI: 10.1021/es050918w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent theoretical studies indicate that reactive organic iodocarbons such as CH2I2 would be extremely effective agents for tropospheric Arctic ozone depletion and that iodine compounds added to a Br2/BrCl mixture have a significantly greater ozone (and mercury) depletion effect than additional Br2 and BrCl molecules. Here we report the first observations of CH2I2, CH2IBr, and CH2ICl in Arctic air, as well as other reactive halocarbons including CHBr3, during spring at Kuujjuarapik, Hudson Bay. The organoiodine compounds were present atthe highest levels yet reported in air. The occurrence of the halocarbons was associated with northwesterly winds from the frozen bay, and, in the case of CHBr3, was anticorrelated with ozone and total gaseous mercury (TGM), suggesting a link between inorganic and organic halogens. The absence of local leads coupled with the extremely short atmospheric lifetime of CH2I2 indicates that production occurred in the surface of the sea-ice/overlying snowpack over the bay. We propose an abiotic mechanism for the production of polyhalogenated iodo- and bromocarbons, via reaction of HOI and/or HOBr with organic material on the quasi-liquid layer above sea-ice/snowpack, and report laboratory data to support this mechanism. CH2I2, CH2IBr, and other organic iodine compounds may therefore be a ubiquitous component of air above sea ice where they will increase the efficiency of bromine-initiated ozone and mercury depletion.
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22
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Zhou Y, Varner RK, Russo RS, Wingenter OW, Haase KB, Talbot R, Sive BC. Coastal water source of short-lived halocarbons in New England. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Yokouchi Y, Hasebe F, Fujiwara M, Takashima H, Shiotani M, Nishi N, Kanaya Y, Hashimoto S, Fraser P, Toom-Sauntry D, Mukai H, Nojiri Y. Correlations and emission ratios among bromoform, dibromochloromethane, and dibromomethane in the atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Grecea M, Backus E, Fraser H, Pradeep T, Kleyn A, Bonn M. Mobility of haloforms on ice surfaces. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Finlayson-Pitts BJ. The Tropospheric Chemistry of Sea Salt: A Molecular-Level View of the Chemistry of NaCl and NaBr. Chem Rev 2003; 103:4801-22. [PMID: 14664634 DOI: 10.1021/cr020653t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B J Finlayson-Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
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26
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Carpenter LJ, Liss PS, Penkett SA. Marine organohalogens in the atmosphere over the Atlantic and Southern Oceans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. S. Liss
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - S. A. Penkett
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
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27
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Wagner T, Leue C, Wenig M, Pfeilsticker K, Platt U. Spatial and temporal distribution of enhanced boundary layer BrO concentrations measured by the GOME instrument aboard ERS-2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Nielsen JE, Douglass AR. A simulation of bromoform's contribution to stratospheric bromine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Sturges WT, McIntyre HP, Penkett SA, Chappellaz J, Barnola JM, Mulvaney R, Atlas E, Stroud V. Methyl bromide, other brominated methanes, and methyl iodide in polar firn air. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Carpenter LJ, Liss PS. On temperate sources of bromoform and other reactive organic bromine gases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Gribble GW. The natural production of organobromine compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2000; 7:37-47. [PMID: 19153837 DOI: 10.1065/espr199910.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organobromine chemicals are produced naturally by an array of biological and other chemical processes in our environment. Some of these compounds are identical to man-made organobromine compounds, such as methyl bromide, bromoform, and bromophenols, but many others are entirely new moleclar entities, often possessing extraordinary and important biological properties. Although only a few natural organobromine compounds had been discovered up to 1968, this number as of early 1999 is more than 1,600, and new examples are being discovered continually. Organobromine compounds are produced naturally by marine creatures (sponges, corals, sea slugs, tunicates, sea fans) and seaweed, plants, fungi, lichen, algae, bacteria, microbes, and some mammals. Many of these organobromine compounds are used in chemical defense, to facilitate food gathering, or as hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 6128 Burke Laboratory, 03755, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
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32
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Yokouchi Y, Li HJ, Machida T, Aoki S, Akimoto H. Isoprene in the marine boundary layer (southeast Asian Sea, eastern Indian Ocean, and Southern Ocean): Comparison with dimethyl sulfide and bromoform. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Sturges WT, Cota GF, Buckley PT. Vertical profiles of bromoform in snow, sea ice, and seawater in the Canadian Arctic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jc01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Yokouchi Y, Mukai H, Yamamoto H, Otsuki A, Saitoh C, Nojiri Y. Distribution of methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, bromoform, and dibromomethane over the ocean (east and southeast Asian seas and the western Pacific). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Moore RM, Webb M, Tokarczyk R, Wever R. Bromoperoxidase and iodoperoxidase enzymes and production of halogenated methanes in marine diatom cultures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jc01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Naturally Occuring Organohalogen Compounds — A Comprehensive Survery. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE / PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6887-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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37
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38
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39
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Biogenic emission of organobromine compounds to the Arctic Ocean and atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0061-8_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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40
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41
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Ferek RJ, Hobbs PV, Radke LF, Herring JA, Sturges WT, Cota GF. Dimethyl sulfide in the Arctic atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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