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Zakharenko LP, Petrovskii DV, Bobrovskikh MA, Gruntenko NE, Yakovleva EY, Markov AV, Putilov AA. Motus Vita Est: Fruit Flies Need to Be More Active and Sleep Less to Adapt to Either a Longer or Harder Life. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:98-115. [PMID: 36975551 PMCID: PMC10047790 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Activity plays a very important role in keeping bodies strong and healthy, slowing senescence, and decreasing morbidity and mortality. Drosophila models of evolution under various selective pressures can be used to examine whether increased activity and decreased sleep duration are associated with the adaptation of this nonhuman species to longer or harder lives. Methods: For several years, descendants of wild flies were reared in a laboratory without and with selection pressure. To maintain the “salt” and “starch” strains, flies from the wild population (called “control”) were reared on two adverse food substrates. The “long-lived” strain was maintained through artificial selection for late reproduction. The 24 h patterns of locomotor activity and sleep in flies from the selected and unselected strains (902 flies in total) were studied in constant darkness for at least, 5 days. Results: Compared to the control flies, flies from the selected strains demonstrated enhanced locomotor activity and reduced sleep duration. The most profound increase in locomotor activity was observed in flies from the starch (short-lived) strain. Additionally, the selection changed the 24 h patterns of locomotor activity and sleep. For instance, the morning and evening peaks of locomotor activity were advanced and delayed, respectively, in flies from the long-lived strain. Conclusion: Flies become more active and sleep less in response to various selection pressures. These beneficial changes in trait values might be relevant to trade-offs among fitness-related traits, such as body weight, fecundity, and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila P. Zakharenko
- Department of Insect Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630000, Russia
| | - Dmitrii V. Petrovskii
- Department of Insect Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630000, Russia
| | - Margarita A. Bobrovskikh
- Department of Insect Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630000, Russia
| | - Nataly E. Gruntenko
- Department of Insect Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630000, Russia
| | | | - Alexander V. Markov
- Department of Biological Evolution, The Moscow State University, Moscow 101000, Russia
- Borisyak Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 101000, Russia
| | - Arcady A. Putilov
- Research Group for Math-Modeling of Biomedical Systems, Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics of the Federal Research Centre for Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630000, Russia
- Laboratory of Sleep/Wake Neurobiology, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 101000, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-53674643 or +49-30-61290031
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Dore AA, Rostant WG, Bretman A, Chapman T. Plastic male mating behavior evolves in response to the competitive environment. Evolution 2020; 75:101-115. [PMID: 32844404 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Male reproductive phenotypes can evolve in response to the social and sexual environment. The expression of many such phenotypes may also be plastic within an individual's lifetime. For example, male Drosophila melanogaster show significantly extended mating duration following a period of exposure to conspecific male rivals. The costs and benefits of reproductive investment, and plasticity itself, can be shaped by the prevailing sociosexual environment and by resource availability. We investigated these ideas using experimental evolution lines of D. melanogaster evolving under three fixed sex ratios (high, medium, and low male-male competition) on either rich or poor adult diets. We found that males evolving in high-competition environments evolved longer mating durations overall. In addition, these males expressed a novel type of plastic behavioral response following exposure to rival males: they both significantly reduced and showed altered courtship delivery, and exhibited significantly longer mating latencies. Plasticity in male mating duration in response to rivals was maintained in all of the lines, suggesting that the costs of plasticity were minimal. None of the evolutionary responses tested were consistently affected by dietary resource regimes. Collectively, the results show that fixed behavioral changes and new augmentations to the repertoire of reproductive behaviors can evolve rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice A Dore
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne G Rostant
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Bretman
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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3
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Flatt T. Life-History Evolution and the Genetics of Fitness Components in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2020; 214:3-48. [PMID: 31907300 PMCID: PMC6944413 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.300160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history traits or "fitness components"-such as age and size at maturity, fecundity and fertility, age-specific rates of survival, and life span-are the major phenotypic determinants of Darwinian fitness. Analyzing the evolution and genetics of these phenotypic targets of selection is central to our understanding of adaptation. Due to its simple and rapid life cycle, cosmopolitan distribution, ease of maintenance in the laboratory, well-understood evolutionary genetics, and its versatile genetic toolbox, the "vinegar fly" Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most powerful, experimentally tractable model systems for studying "life-history evolution." Here, I review what has been learned about the evolution and genetics of life-history variation in D. melanogaster by drawing on numerous sources spanning population and quantitative genetics, genomics, experimental evolution, evolutionary ecology, and physiology. This body of work has contributed greatly to our knowledge of several fundamental problems in evolutionary biology, including the amount and maintenance of genetic variation, the evolution of body size, clines and climate adaptation, the evolution of senescence, phenotypic plasticity, the nature of life-history trade-offs, and so forth. While major progress has been made, important facets of these and other questions remain open, and the D. melanogaster system will undoubtedly continue to deliver key insights into central issues of life-history evolution and the genetics of adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Flatt
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
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4
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Schmeisser K, Parker JA. Pleiotropic Effects of mTOR and Autophagy During Development and Aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:192. [PMID: 31572724 PMCID: PMC6749033 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy as a ubiquitous catabolic process causes degradation of cytoplasmic components and is generally considered to have beneficial effects on health and lifespan. In contrast, inefficient autophagy has been linked with detrimental effects on the organism and various diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. Previous research, however, showed that this paradigm is far from being black and white. For instance, it has been reported that increased levels of autophagy during development can be harmful, but become advantageous in the aging cell or organism, causing enhanced healthspan and even longevity. The antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis postulates that genes, which control various traits in an organism, can be fitness-promoting in early life, but subsequently trigger aging processes later. Autophagy is controlled by the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a key player of nutrient sensing and signaling and classic example of a pleiotropic gene. mTOR acts upstream of transcription factors such as FOXO, NRF, and TFEB, controlling protein synthesis, degradation, and cellular growth, thereby regulating fertility as well as aging. Here, we review recent findings about the pleiotropic role of autophagy during development and aging, examine the upstream factors, and contemplate specific mechanisms leading to disease, especially neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schmeisser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Alex Parker
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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5
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Hoedjes KM, Rodrigues MA, Flatt T. Amino acid modulation of lifespan and reproduction in Drosophila. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 23:118-122. [PMID: 29129276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating amino acid (AA) intake in Drosophila can profoundly affect lifespan and reproduction. Remarkably, AA manipulation can uncouple the commonly observed trade-off between these traits. This finding seems to challenge the idea that this trade-off is due to competitive resource allocation, but here we argue that this view might be too simplistic. We also discuss the mechanisms of the AA response, mediated by the IIS/TOR and GCN2 pathways. Elucidating how these pathways respond to specific AA will likely yield important insights into how AA modulate the reproduction-lifespan relationship. The Drosophila model offers powerful genetic tools, combined with options for precise diet manipulation, to address these fundamental questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja M Hoedjes
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, UNIL Sorge, Biophore, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marisa A Rodrigues
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, UNIL Sorge, Biophore, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Flatt
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, UNIL Sorge, Biophore, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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6
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Rodríguez JA, Marigorta UM, Hughes DA, Spataro N, Bosch E, Navarro A. Antagonistic pleiotropy and mutation accumulation influence human senescence and disease. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:55. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-016-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lee JE, Kim Y, Kim KH, Lee DY, Lee Y. Contribution of Drosophila TRPA1 to Metabolism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152935. [PMID: 27055172 PMCID: PMC4824436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels are highly conserved in humans and insects. Some of these channels are expressed in internal organs and their functions remain incompletely understood. By direct knock-in of the GAL4 gene into the trpA1 locus in Drosophila, we identified the expression of this gene in the subesophageal ganglion (SOGs) region. In addition, the neurites present in the dorsal posterior region as well as the drosophila insulin-like peptide 2 (dILP2)-positive neurons send signals to the SOGs. The signal is sent to the crop, which is an enlarged organ of the esophagus and functions as a storage place for food in the digestive system. To systematically investigate the role of TRPA1 in metabolism, we applied non-targeted metabolite profiling analysis together with gas-chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, with an aim to identify a wide range of primary metabolites. We effectively captured distinctive metabolomic phenotypes and identified specific metabolic dysregulation triggered by TRPA1 mutation based on reconstructed metabolic network analysis. Primarily, the network analysis pinpointed the simultaneous down-regulation of intermediates in the methionine salvation pathway, in contrast to the synchronized up-regulation of a range of free fatty acids. The gene dosage-dependent dynamics of metabolite levels among wild-type, hetero- and homozygous mutants, and their coordinated metabolic modulation under multiple gene settings across five different genotypes confirmed the direct linkages of TRPA1 to metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Lee
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS project, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Yunjung Kim
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS project, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Yup Lee
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS project, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
- * E-mail: (YL); (DYL)
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS project, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
- * E-mail: (YL); (DYL)
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8
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Mitteldorf J. An epigenetic clock controls aging. Biogerontology 2015; 17:257-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Mechanisms underlying the anti-aging and anti-tumor effects of lithocholic bile acid. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16522-43. [PMID: 25238416 PMCID: PMC4200844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are cholesterol-derived bioactive lipids that play essential roles in the maintenance of a heathy lifespan. These amphipathic molecules with detergent-like properties display numerous beneficial effects on various longevity- and healthspan-promoting processes in evolutionarily distant organisms. Recent studies revealed that lithocholic bile acid not only causes a considerable lifespan extension in yeast, but also exhibits a substantial cytotoxic effect in cultured cancer cells derived from different tissues and organisms. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the robust anti-aging and anti-tumor effects of lithocholic acid have emerged. This review summarizes the current knowledge of these mechanisms, outlines the most important unanswered questions and suggests directions for future research.
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10
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Mitteldorf J, Martins ACR. Programmed Life Span in the Context of Evolvability. Am Nat 2014; 184:289-302. [DOI: 10.1086/677387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Chou HY, Lin YH, Shiu GL, Tang HY, Cheng ML, Shiao MS, Pai LM. ADI1, a methionine salvage pathway enzyme, is required for Drosophila fecundity. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:64. [PMID: 25037729 PMCID: PMC4115168 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methionine, an essential amino acid, is required for protein synthesis and normal cell metabolism. The transmethylation pathway and methionine salvage pathway (MTA cycle) are two major pathways regulating methionine metabolism. Recently, methionine has been reported to play a key role in Drosophila fecundity. Results Here, we revealed that the MTA cycle plays a crucial role in Drosophila fecundity using the mutant of aci-reductone dioxygenase 1 (DADI1), an enzyme in the MTA cycle. In dietary restriction condition, the egg production of adi1 mutant flies was reduced compared to that of control flies. This fecundity defect in mutant flies was rescued by reintroduction of Dadi1 gene. Moreover, a functional homolog of human ADI1 also recovered the reproduction defect, in which the enzymatic activity of human ADI1 is required for normal fecundity. Importantly, methionine supply rescued the fecundity defect in Dadi1 mutant flies. The detailed analysis of Dadi1 mutant ovaries revealed a dramatic change in the levels of methionine metabolism. In addition, we found that three compounds namely, methionine, SAM and Methionine sulfoxide, respectively, may be required for normal fecundity. Conclusions In summary, these results suggest that ADI1, an MTA cycle enzyme, affects fly fecundity through the regulation of methionine metabolism.
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12
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Cronise RJ, Sinclair DA, Bremer AA. The "metabolic winter" hypothesis: a cause of the current epidemics of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2014; 12:355-61. [PMID: 24918620 DOI: 10.1089/met.2014.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of the "Calorie" originated in the 1800 s in an environment with limited food availability, primarily as a means to define economic equivalencies in the energy density of food substrates. Soon thereafter, the energy densities of the major macronutrients-fat, protein, and carbohydrates-were defined. However, within a few decades of its inception, the "Calorie" became a commercial tool for industries to promote specific food products, regardless of health benefit. Modern technology has altered our living conditions and has changed our relationship with food from one of survival to palatability. Advances in agriculture, food manufacturing, and processing have ensured that calorie scarcity is less prevalent than calorie excess in the modern world. Yet, many still approach dietary macronutrients in a reductionist manner and assume that isocalorie foodstuffs are isometabolic. Herein, we discuss a novel way to view the major food macronutrients and human diet in this era of excessive caloric consumption, along with a novel relationship among calorie scarcity, mild cold stress, and sleep that may explain the increasing prevalence of nutritionally related diseases.
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13
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Klepsatel P, Gáliková M, De Maio N, Ricci S, Schlötterer C, Flatt T. Reproductive and post-reproductive life history of wild-caught Drosophila melanogaster
under laboratory conditions. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:1508-20. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Klepsatel
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - M. Gáliková
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - N. De Maio
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - S. Ricci
- Dipartimento di Matematica; Università di Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - C. Schlötterer
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - T. Flatt
- Institut für Populationsgenetik; Vetmeduni Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
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14
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Abstract
A tenet of life history evolution is that allocation of limited resources results in trade-offs, such as that between reproduction and lifespan. Reproduction and lifespan are also influenced proximately by differences in the availability of specific nutrients. What is unknown is how the evolution of the ability to use a nutritionally novel diet is reflected in this fundamental trade-off. Does the evolution of the ability to use a nutritionally novel food maintain the trade-off in reproduction and longevity, or do the proximate effects of nutrition alter the adapted trade-off? We tested this by measuring trade-offs in male milkweed bugs, Oncopeltus fasciatus, fed either an adapted diet of sunflower or the ancestral diet of milkweed. Sunflower-fed males lived longer but invested less in reproduction, both in mating and fertility. Milkweed-fed males invested in both mating and fertility at the expense of survival. The evolution of an expanded diet was not constrained by the existing trade-off, but instead was accompanied by a different trade-off between reproduction and longevity. We suggest that this occurs because diets differ in promoting germ line development or longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Attisano
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
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15
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Zhang F, Xu X, Zhou B, He Z, Zhai Q. Gene expression profile change and associated physiological and pathological effects in mouse liver induced by fasting and refeeding. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27553. [PMID: 22096593 PMCID: PMC3212576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Food availability regulates basal metabolism and progression of many diseases, and liver plays an important role in these processes. The effects of food availability on digital gene expression profile, physiological and pathological functions in liver are yet to be further elucidated. In this study, we applied high-throughput sequencing technology to detect digital gene expression profile of mouse liver in fed, fasted and refed states. Totally 12162 genes were detected, and 2305 genes were significantly regulated by food availability. Biological process and pathway analysis showed that fasting mainly affected lipid and carboxylic acid metabolic processes in liver. Moreover, the genes regulated by fasting and refeeding in liver were mainly enriched in lipid metabolic process or fatty acid metabolism. Network analysis demonstrated that fasting mainly regulated Drug Metabolism, Small Molecule Biochemistry and Endocrine System Development and Function, and the networks including Lipid Metabolism, Small Molecule Biochemistry and Gene Expression were affected by refeeding. In addition, FunDo analysis showed that liver cancer and diabetes mellitus were most likely to be affected by food availability. This study provides the digital gene expression profile of mouse liver regulated by food availability, and demonstrates the main biological processes, pathways, gene networks and potential hepatic diseases regulated by fasting and refeeding. These results show that food availability mainly regulates hepatic lipid metabolism and is highly correlated with liver-related diseases including liver cancer and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhishui He
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Huang J, Yang Z. [Genetic mechanisms of longevity responses to dietary restriction]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2011; 33:1153-1158. [PMID: 22120068 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2011.01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction effectively extends lifespan in mammals and decreases the incidence and progression of many age-dependent diseases. To understand the genetic mechanisms that longevity responses to dietary restriction would have far-reaching impacts on future medical treatments to deal with the ageing problems. Until recently, we knew nothing about these mechanisms in metazoans. Recent advances of the genetic bases of energy sensing and life control in yeast, invertebrates, and mammals have begun to settle the problem. More evidence indicates that the brain has a principal role in sensing dietary restriction and extending lifespan in metazoans. This paper reviews recently development of mechanisms, regulatory factors, genes, nervous control, and related hypothesizes of DR-longevity mechanisms in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Institute of Geriatrics, The 5th Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China.
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17
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Gáliková M, Flatt T. Dietary restriction and other lifespan extending pathways converge at the activation of the downstream effector takeout. Aging (Albany NY) 2010; 2:387-9. [PMID: 20622267 PMCID: PMC2933885 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gáliková
- Institute of Population Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
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18
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Flatt T. Survival costs of reproduction in Drosophila. Exp Gerontol 2010; 46:369-75. [PMID: 20970491 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction shortens lifespan in practically all organisms examined so far, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown to date. Here I review what evolutionary and molecular biologists have learned about such "costs of reproduction" in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) since Maynard Smith's (1958) seminal discovery that sterile mutants in D. subobscura live substantially longer than fertile wildtype flies. Together with observations from the nematode worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) and other organisms, the data from Drosophila suggest that there are at least four general principles that underlie trade-offs between reproduction and lifespan: (1) trade-offs between survival and reproduction are widespread; (2) the relationship between increased lifespan and decreased fecundity can be uncoupled under certain conditions; (3) while survival costs of reproduction might not necessarily be due to competitive resource allocation, we lack robust alternative explanations for their occurrence; and (4) physiological trade-offs between reproduction and longevity do not always translate into evolutionary genetic trade-offs. I conclude that - despite much recent progress - our current understanding of the proximate basis of survival costs of reproduction remains very limited; much future work on the genetics and physiology of such trade-offs will be required to uncover their mechanistic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Flatt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Troen AM, French EE, Roberts JF, Selhub J, Ordovas JM, Parnell LD, Lai CQ. Erratum to: Lifespan modification by glucose and methionine in Drosophila melanogaster fed a chemically defined diet. J Am Aging Assoc 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11357-010-9133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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