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Jui E, Kingsley G, Phan HKT, Singampalli KL, Birla RK, Connell JP, Keswani SG, Grande-Allen KJ. Shear Stress Induces a Time-Dependent Inflammatory Response in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03546-5. [PMID: 39289258 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells that are known for their extreme plasticity, enabling diverse phenotypes that lie on a continuum. In a simplified model, they switch between pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes depending on surrounding microenvironmental cues, which have been implicated in disease outcomes. Although considerable research has been focused on macrophage response to biochemical cues and mechanical signals, there is a scarcity of knowledge surrounding their behavior in response to shear stress. In this study, we applied varying magnitudes of shear stress on human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) using a cone-and-plate viscometer and evaluated changes in morphology, gene expression, protein expression, and cytokine secretion over time. MDMs exposed to shear stress exhibited a rounder morphology compared to statically-cultured controls. RT-qPCR results showed significant upregulation of TNF-α, and analysis of cytokine release revealed increased secretion of IL-8, IL-18, fractalkine, and other chemokines. The upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors was evident with both increasing magnitudes of shear and time. Taken together, these results indicate that prolonged shear exposure induced a pro-inflammatory phenotype in human MDMs. These findings have implications for medical technology development, such as in situ vascular graft design wherein macrophages are exposed to shear and have been shown to affect graft resorption, and in delineating disease pathophysiology, for example to further illuminate the role of macrophages in atherosclerosis where shear is directly related to disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysa Jui
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Griffin Kingsley
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hong Kim T Phan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kavya L Singampalli
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ravi K Birla
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer P Connell
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sundeep G Keswani
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K Jane Grande-Allen
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Fu Y, Li G, Fu X, Xing S, Zhao ZJ. RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Altered Expression of Cell Adhesion-Related Genes Following PZR Knockout in Lung Cancer Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2122-2136. [PMID: 37470934 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein zero related (PZR) serves as a substrate and anchor protein for SHP-2, the product of the proto-oncogene PTPN11 that is frequently mutated in cancers. The expression level of PZR is elevated in various cancers, which is correlated with an unfavorable prognosis. The role of PZR in lung cancer is not fully studied. To investigate how PZR affects signaling pathways involved in LUAD development, we utilized the CRISPR technology to knock out PZR expression in SPC-A1 lung adenocarcinoma cells and then conducted RNA sequencing to profile the transcriptome. Our results showed that 226 genes exhibited differential expressions in PZR-knockout SPC-A1 cells vs wild-type cells. Many of the genes encode proteins involved in cell adhesion, migration, actin cytoskeleton organization, and regulation of cell shape. Furthermore, our experimental data showed that PZR-knockout SPC-A1 cells displayed faster attachment to tissue culture dishes and slower detachment from the dishes upon EDTA treatment. The data suggest an important role of PZR in cell-matrix interaction and may provide new insights into the signaling events that regulate cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueqi Fu
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shu Xing
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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3
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Hilal N, Chen Z, Chen MH, Choudhury S. RASopathies and cardiac manifestations. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1176828. [PMID: 37529712 PMCID: PMC10387527 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1176828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As binary switches, RAS proteins switch to an ON/OFF state during signaling and are on a leash under normal conditions. However, in RAS-related diseases such as cancer and RASopathies, mutations in the genes that regulate RAS signaling or the RAS itself permanently activate the RAS protein. The structural basis of this switch is well understood; however, the exact mechanisms by which RAS proteins are regulated are less clear. RAS/MAPK syndromes are multisystem developmental disorders caused by germline mutations in genes associated with the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, impacting 1 in 1,000-2,500 children. These include a variety of disorders such as Noonan syndrome (NS) and NS-related disorders (NSRD), such as cardio facio cutaneous (CFC) syndrome, Costello syndrome (CS), and NS with multiple lentigines (NSML, also known as LEOPARD syndrome). A frequent manifestation of cardiomyopathy (CM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with RASopathies suggest that RASopathies could be a potential causative factor for CM. However, the current supporting evidence is sporadic and unclear. RASopathy-patients also display a broad spectrum of congenital heart disease (CHD). More than 15 genes encode components of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway that are essential for the cell cycle and play regulatory roles in proliferation, differentiation, growth, and metabolism. These genes are linked to the molecular genetic pathogenesis of these syndromes. However, genetic heterogeneity for a given syndrome on the one hand and alleles for multiple syndromes on the other make classification difficult in diagnosing RAS/MAPK-related diseases. Although there is some genetic homogeneity in most RASopathies, several RASopathies are allelic diseases. This allelism points to the role of critical signaling nodes and sheds light on the overlap between these related syndromes. Even though considerable progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of RASopathy with the identification of causal mutations and the functional analysis of their pathophysiological consequences, there are still unidentified causal genes for many patients diagnosed with RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Hilal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Zi Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Brigham, and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ming Hui Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sangita Choudhury
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
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4
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Blair G, Cardona JJ, Chaiyamoon A, Shekhawat D, Iwanaga J, Loukas M, Tubbs RS. Quadricuspid Pulmonary Valve With Fenestration: Cadaveric Findings. Cureus 2023; 15:e42705. [PMID: 37654910 PMCID: PMC10465817 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quadricuspid pulmonary valves (QPV) are rare entities. Such valves can be associated with other cardiac anatomical anomalies. In this report, we present a case of a quadricuspid valve with an additional variant and discuss the morphometrics of this anatomical variation. During the routine dissection of an adult male body, two anatomical variations were found within the pulmonary trunk. This individual had a QPV. In addition, one of the leaflets of this valve contained fenestrations. No additional cardiac anomalies were identified. Clinicians who review imaging of the heart or treat patients with cardiac conditions should be well-informed about QPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Blair
- Anatomy, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Juan J Cardona
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine Center for Clinical Neurosciences, New Orleans, USA
| | - Arada Chaiyamoon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, THA
| | - Devendra Shekhawat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine Center for Clinical Neurosciences, New Orleans, USA
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine Center for Clinical Neurosciences, New Orleans, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, JPN
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, GRD
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine Center for Clinical Neurosciences, New Orleans, USA
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, GRD
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, USA
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
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5
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Tan S, Yang S, Kang H, Zhou K, Wang H, Zhang Y, Chen S. Atractylenolide III Ameliorated Autophagy Dysfunction via Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signals and Alleviated Silicosis Fibrosis in Mice. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100024. [PMID: 37039148 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Atractylenolide III (ATL-III) is a major active constituent of the natural plant Atractylodes rhizome. Our previous study has shown that ATL-III may alleviate alveolar macrophage apoptosis via the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated autophagy of human silicosis. Therefore, we aimed to further explore the function of ATL-III in autophagy, apoptosis, and pulmonary fibrosis by establishing the ATL-III-intervened silicosis mouse model in this study. Meanwhile, we sought and then verified potential autophagy-related signaling pathways by matching differentially expressed genes (attained by RNA sequencing) and the autophagy database. In this study, RNA-sequencing results implied that the epidermal growth factor receptor, the crucial upstream activator of mTOR, was seen as a potential autophagy-regulatory molecule in the ATL-III-intervened silicosis mouse model. The finding of this study was that ATL-III might improve the disorder of autophagic degradation via the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor-mTOR signals in the pulmonary tissue of the silicosis mouse model. ATL-III also alleviated cell apoptosis and silicotic fibrosis. Overall, we supposed that ATL-III might be a potential protective medicine, which had a regulatory effect on autophagy, for the intervention of silicotic fibrosis. In the future, the therapeutic drugs for silicosis should be further focused on the development and application of such natural autophagy agents.
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Wienen F, Nilson R, Allmendinger E, Graumann D, Fiedler E, Bosse-Doenecke E, Kochanek S, Krutzke L. Affilin-based retargeting of adenoviral vectors to the epidermal growth factor receptor. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 144:213208. [PMID: 36442453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) by oncolytic adenoviral vectors holds promise as an efficient anti-cancer therapy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) represents an attractive target receptor since it is frequently overexpressed in many types of HNSCC. METHODS To achieve EGFR-specific targeting by human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5) based vectors, the EGFR affinity ligand Affilin was covalently attached in a position specific manner either to the fiber or the hexon protein of the vector capsid. In vitro and in vivo studies investigated EGFR-specific cancer cell transduction, susceptibility to natural sequestration mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution profiles of Affilin-decorated vectors. RESULTS Affilin-decorated vectors showed strongly enhanced and EGFR-specific cancer cell transduction in vitro and less susceptibility to known sequestration mechanisms of HAdV-5 particles. However, in vivo neither systemic nor intratumoral vector administration resulted in an improved transduction of EGFR-positive tumors. Comprehensive analyses indicated hampered EGFR-targeting by Affilin-decorated vectors was caused by rapid vector particle consumption due to binding to the murine EGFR, insufficient tumor vascularization and poor target accessibility for Affilin in the solid tumor caused by a pronounced tumor stroma. CONCLUSION In vitro studies yielded proof-of-concept results demonstrating that covalent attachment of a receptor-specific Affilin to the adenoviral capsid provides an effective and versatile tool to address cancer-specific target receptors by adenoviral vectors. Regarding EGFR as the vector target, off-target tissue transduction and low receptor accessibility within the tumor tissue prevented efficient tumor transduction by Affilin-decorated vectors, rendering EGFR a difficult-to-target receptor for adenoviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Wienen
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Robin Nilson
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ellen Allmendinger
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - David Graumann
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Erik Fiedler
- Navigo Proteins GmbH, Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 1, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lea Krutzke
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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7
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Hazra R, Brine L, Garcia L, Benz B, Chirathivat N, Shen MM, Wilkinson JE, Lyons SK, Spector DL. Platr4 is an early embryonic lncRNA that exerts its function downstream on cardiogenic mesodermal lineage commitment. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2450-2468.e7. [PMID: 36347239 PMCID: PMC9680017 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian genome encodes thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), many of which are developmentally regulated and differentially expressed across tissues, suggesting their potential roles in cellular differentiation. Despite this expression pattern, little is known about how lncRNAs influence lineage commitment at the molecular level. Here, we demonstrate that perturbation of an embryonic stem cell/early embryonic lncRNA, pluripotency-associated transcript 4 (Platr4), directly influences the specification of cardiac-mesoderm-lineage differentiation. We show that Platr4 acts as a molecular scaffold or chaperone interacting with the Hippo-signaling pathway molecules Yap and Tead4 to regulate the expression of a downstream target gene, Ctgf, which is crucial to the cardiac-lineage program. Importantly, Platr4 knockout mice exhibit myocardial atrophy and valve mucinous degeneration, which are both associated with reduced cardiac output and sudden heart failure. Together, our findings provide evidence that Platr4 is required in cardiac-lineage specification and adult heart function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmani Hazra
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Lily Brine
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Libia Garcia
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Brian Benz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Napon Chirathivat
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael M Shen
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Scott K Lyons
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - David L Spector
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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Wu LD, Xiao F, Sun JY, Li F, Chen YJ, Chen JY, Zhang J, Qian LL, Wang RX. Integrated identification of key immune related genes and patterns of immune infiltration in calcified aortic valvular disease: A network based meta-analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:971808. [PMID: 36212153 PMCID: PMC9532575 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.971808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As the most prevalent valvular heart disease, calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) has become a primary cause of aortic valve stenosis and insufficiency. We aim to illustrate the roles of immune related genes (IRGs) and immune cells infiltration in the occurrence of CAVD.Methods: Integrative meta-analysis of expression data (INMEX) was adopted to incorporate multiple gene expression datasets of CAVD from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. By matching the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to IRGs from “ImmPort” database, differentially expressed immune related genes (DEIRGs) were screened out. We performed enrichment analysis and found that DEIRGs in CAVD were closely related to inflammatory response and immune cells infiltration. We also constructed protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of DEIRGs and identified 5 key DEIRGs in CAVD according to the mixed character calculation results. Moreover, CIBERSORT algorithm was used to explore the profile of infiltrating immune cells in CAVD. Based on Spearman’s rank correlation method, correlation analysis between key DEIRGs and infiltrating immune cells was performed.Results: A total of 220 DEIRGs were identified and the enrichment analysis of DEIRGs showed that they were significantly enriched in inflammatory responses. PPI network was constructed and PTPN11, GRB2, SYK, PTPN6 and SHC1 were identified as key DEIRGs. Compared with normal aortic valve tissue samples, the proportion of neutrophils, T cells CD4 memory activated and macrophages M0 was elevated in calcified aortic valves tissue samples, as well as reduced infiltration of macrophages M2 and NK cells activated. Furthermore, key DEIRGs identified in the present study, including PTPN11, GRB2, PTPN6, SYK, and SHC1, were all significantly correlated with infiltration of various immune cells.Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that PTPN11, GRB2, PTPN6, SYK, and SHC1 might be key DEIRGs associated with immune cells infiltration, which play a pivotal role in pathogenesis of CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Da Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jin-Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu-Jia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ling-Ling Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ru-Xing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Ru-Xing Wang,
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9
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Asmamaw MD, Shi XJ, Zhang LR, Liu HM. A comprehensive review of SHP2 and its role in cancer. Cell Oncol 2022; 45:729-753. [PMID: 36066752 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase ubiquitously expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of several tissues. SHP2 modulates diverse cell signaling events that control metabolism, cell growth, differentiation, cell migration, transcription and oncogenic transformation. It interacts with diverse molecules in the cell, and regulates key signaling events including RAS/ERK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT and PD-1 pathways downstream of several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) upon stimulation by growth factors and cytokines. SHP2 acts as both a phosphatase and a scaffold, and plays prominently oncogenic functions but can be tumor suppressor in a context-dependent manner. It typically acts as a positive regulator of RTKs signaling with some inhibitory functions reported as well. SHP2 expression and activity is regulated by such factors as allosteric autoinhibition, microRNAs, ubiquitination and SUMOylation. Dysregulation of SHP2 expression or activity causes many developmental diseases, and hematological and solid tumors. Moreover, upregulated SHP2 expression or activity also decreases sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer drugs. SHP2 is now considered as a compelling anticancer drug target and several classes of SHP2 inhibitors with different mode of action are developed with some already in clinical trial phases. Moreover, novel SHP2 substrates and functions are rapidly growing both in cell and cancer. In view of this, we comprehensively and thoroughly reviewed literatures about SHP2 regulatory mechanisms, substrates and binding partners, biological functions, roles in human cancers, and different classes of small molecule inhibitors target this oncoprotein in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moges Dessale Asmamaw
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shi
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Feulner L, van Vliet PP, Puceat M, Andelfinger G. Endocardial Regulation of Cardiac Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9050122. [PMID: 35621833 PMCID: PMC9144171 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocardium is a specialized form of endothelium that lines the inner side of the heart chambers and plays a crucial role in cardiac development. While comparatively less studied than other cardiac cell types, much progress has been made in understanding the regulation of and by the endocardium over the past two decades. In this review, we will summarize what is currently known regarding endocardial origin and development, the relationship between endocardium and other cardiac cell types, and the various lineages that endocardial cells derive from and contribute to. These processes are driven by key molecular mechanisms such as Notch and BMP signaling. These pathways in particular have been well studied, but other signaling pathways and mechanical cues also play important roles. Finally, we will touch on the contribution of stem cell modeling in combination with single cell sequencing and its potential translational impact for congenital heart defects such as bicuspid aortic valves and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The detailed understanding of cellular and molecular processes in the endocardium will be vital to further develop representative stem cell-derived models for disease modeling and regenerative medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Feulner
- Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (L.F.); (P.P.v.V.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Patrick Piet van Vliet
- Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (L.F.); (P.P.v.V.)
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) INSERM, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Michel Puceat
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) INSERM, 13885 Marseille, France
- INSERM U-1251, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix-Marseille University, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (L.F.); (P.P.v.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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11
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PTPN11 Gene Mutations and Its Association with the Risk of Congenital Heart Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8290779. [PMID: 35440950 PMCID: PMC9013483 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8290779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital birth defect, with a prevalence of 8.98‰ of all live births in China. PTPN11 has been known to be closely involved in heart developments. In this research, we carried out whole-exome sequencing in nine CHD families and identified eight rare deleterious missense variants of PTPN11 gene in nine probands by stringently filtering criteria. Sanger sequencing of these probands and their unaffected familiar members revealed that six damaging variants were de novo in seven CHD families. Then, targeted sequencing was used to assess the PTPN11 exon variants in 672 sporadic CHD cases and 399 unrelated controls and identified 7 deleterious missense variants in 8 patients. Fisher's exact test reveals a significant association of PTPN11 variations with CHD (P = 0.0289). We observed the distribution of different subtypes in CHD patients with PTPN11 variants and found atrial septal defect (ASD) is a prominent phenotype (58.8%, 10/17). In vitro functional assays revealed that the predicted PTPN11 variants disturb RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling activity by influencing the phosphorylation level of pathway proteins and increasing the proliferation and migration abilities of cardiomyocytes to different extents. Our findings demonstrated that PTPN11 variants were associated with increased risk of CHD development and may be served as an important susceptible genetic event for CHD, especially the ASD subphenotype.
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Abstract
In this review article, we will first provide a brief overview of the ErbB receptor-ligand system and its importance in developmental and physiological processes. We will then review the literature regarding the role of ErbB receptors and their ligands in the maladaptive remodeling of lung tissue, with special emphasis on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here we will focus on the pathways and cellular processes contributing to epithelial-mesenchymal miscommunication seen in this pathology. We will also provide an overview of the in vivo studies addressing the efficacy of different ErbB signaling inhibitors in experimental models of lung injury and highlight how such studies may contribute to our understanding of ErbB biology in the lung. Finally, we will discuss what we learned from clinical applications of the ErbB1 signaling inhibitors in cancer in order to advance clinical trials in IPF.
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13
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Griffith E, Alfonso N, Hehmeyer K, Pope K. Genetic syndromes and their associations with congenital heart disease. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2022.101521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Quilang RC, Lui S, Forbes K. miR-514a-3p: a novel SHP-2 regulatory miRNA that modulates human cytotrophoblast proliferation. J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 68:99-110. [PMID: 34792485 PMCID: PMC8789026 DOI: 10.1530/jme-21-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2), encoded by the PTPN11 gene, forms a central component of multiple signalling pathways and is required for insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-induced placental growth. Altered expression of SHP-2 is associated with aberrant placental and fetal growth indicating that drugs modulating SHP-2 expression may improve adverse pregnancy outcome associated with altered placental growth. We have previously demonstrated that placental PTPN11/SHP-2 expression is controlled by miRNAs. SHP-2 regulatory miRNAs may have therapeutic potential; however, the individual miRNA(s) that regulate SHP-2 expression in the placenta remain to be established. We performed in silico analysis of 3'UTR target prediction databases to identify libraries of Hela cells transfected with individual miRNA mimetics, enriched in potential SHP-2 regulatory miRNAs. Analysis of PTPN11 levels by quantitative (q) PCR revealed that miR-758-3p increased, while miR-514a-3p reduced PTPN11 expression. The expression of miR-514a-3p and miR-758-3p within the human placenta was confirmed by qPCR; miR-514a-3p (but not miR-758-3p) levels inversely correlated with PTPN11 expression. To assess the interaction between these miRNAs and PTPN11/SHP-2, specific mimetics were transfected into first-trimester human placental explants and then cultured for up to 4 days. Overexpression of miR-514a-3p, but not miR-758-3p, significantly reduced PTPN11 and SHP-2 expression. microRNA-ribonucleoprotein complex (miRNP)-associated mRNA assays confirmed that this interaction was direct. miR-514a-3p overexpression attenuated IGF-I-induced trophoblast proliferation (BrdU incorporation). miR-758-3p did not alter trophoblast proliferation. These data demonstrate that by modulating SHP-2 expression, miR-514a-3p is a novel regulator of IGF signalling and proliferation in the human placenta and may have therapeutic potential in pregnancies complicated by altered placental growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Quilang
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sylvia Lui
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- St. Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen Forbes
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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15
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Song Y, Chen W, Zhu B, Ge W. Disruption of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor but Not EGF Blocks Follicle Activation in Zebrafish Ovary. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:750888. [PMID: 35111746 PMCID: PMC8802807 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.750888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Folliculogenesis is controlled by intimate communications between oocytes and surrounding follicle cells. Epidermal growth factor (EGF/Egf) is an important paracrine/autocrine factor in vertebrate ovary, and it is well known for its stimulation of oocyte maturation. However, the role of EGF signaling through its receptor (EGFR/Egfr) in ovarian folliculogenesis is poorly understood, especially at early stages of follicle development. In this study, we created zebrafish mutants for Egf (egf−/−) and Egfr (egfra−/− and egfrb−/−) by CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Surprisingly, these mutants all survived well with little abnormality in growth and development. Spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis were both normal in egf−/− males and females. Their fecundity was comparable to that of the wildtype fish at 4 months post-fertilization (mpf); however, the fertilization rate of mutant eggs (egf−/−) decreased significantly at 7 mpf. Interestingly, disruption of egfra (egfra−/−) led to failed follicle activation with folliculogenesis being blocked at primary–secondary growth transition (PG-SG transition), leading to female infertility, whereas the mutant males remained fertile. The mutant ovary (egfra−/−) showed abnormal expression of a substantial number of genes involved in oxidative metabolism, gene transcription, cytomembrane transport, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and immune response. The stunted PG oocytes in egfra−/− ovary eventually underwent degeneration after 6 months followed by sex reversal to males with functional testes. No abnormal phenotypes were found in the mutant of truncated form of EGFR (egfrb). In summary, our data revealed critical roles for EGFR signaling in early folliculogenesis, especially at the PG-SG transition or follicle activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Ge
- *Correspondence: Wei Ge, ,
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16
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Heliste J, Jokilammi A, Vaparanta K, Paatero I, Elenius K. Combined genetic and chemical screens indicate protective potential for EGFR inhibition to cardiomyocytes under hypoxia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16661. [PMID: 34404849 PMCID: PMC8371130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The return of blood flow to ischemic heart after myocardial infarction causes ischemia-reperfusion injury. There is a clinical need for novel therapeutic targets to treat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here we screened for targets for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury using a combination of shRNA and drug library analyses in HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation. The shRNA library included lentiviral constructs targeting 4625 genes and the drug library 689 chemical compounds approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Data were analyzed using protein-protein interaction and pathway analyses. EGFR inhibition was identified as a cardioprotective mechanism in both approaches. Inhibition of EGFR kinase activity with gefitinib improved cardiomyocyte viability in vitro. In addition, gefitinib preserved cardiac contractility in zebrafish embryos exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation in vivo. These findings indicate that the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib is a potential candidate for further studies of repurposing the drug for the treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Heliste
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Jokilammi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Katri Vaparanta
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland. .,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, PO Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
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17
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Shraim BA, Moursi MO, Benter IF, Habib AM, Akhtar S. The Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Mediating Diabetes-Induced Cardiovascular Complications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:701390. [PMID: 34408653 PMCID: PMC8365470 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.701390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major debilitating disease whose global incidence is progressively increasing with currently over 463 million adult sufferers and this figure will likely reach over 700 million by the year 2045. It is the complications of diabetes such as cardiovascular, renal, neuronal and ocular dysfunction that lead to increased patient morbidity and mortality. Of these, cardiovascular complications that can result in stroke and cardiomyopathies are 2- to 5-fold more likely in diabetes but the underlying mechanisms involved in their development are not fully understood. Emerging research suggests that members of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR/ErbB/HER) family of tyrosine kinases can have a dual role in that they are beneficially required for normal development and physiological functioning of the cardiovascular system (CVS) as well as in salvage pathways following acute cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury but their chronic dysregulation may also be intricately involved in mediating diabetes-induced cardiovascular pathologies. Here we review the evidence for EGFR/ErbB/HER receptors in mediating these dual roles in the CVS and also discuss their potential interplay with the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System heptapeptide, Angiotensin-(1-7), as well the arachidonic acid metabolite, 20-HETE (20-hydroxy-5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid). A greater understanding of the multi-faceted roles of EGFR/ErbB/HER family of tyrosine kinases and their interplay with other key modulators of cardiovascular function could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara A Shraim
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Moaz O Moursi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ibrahim F Benter
- Faculty of Medicine, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus
| | - Abdella M Habib
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Saghir Akhtar
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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18
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Zhou J, Xiong Y, Dong X, Wang H, Qian Y, Ma D, Li X. Genome-wide methylation analysis reveals differentially methylated CpG sites and altered expression of heart development-associated genes in fetuses with cardiac defects. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1032. [PMID: 34373718 PMCID: PMC8343574 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, as an epigenetic mechanism, has a vital role in heart development. An increasing number of studies have investigated aberrant DNA methylation in pediatric or adult heart samples from patients with congenital heart defects (CHD). Placenta tissue, umbilical cord blood, or newborn blood have also been used to detect DNA methylation biomarkers for CHD. However, few studies have compared the methylation levels in fetal heart tissue with cardiac defects with that in normal controls. The present study conducted an integrative whole-genome and CpG site-specific DNA methylation analysis of fetal heart samples from 17 isolated cardiac defect cases, 14 non-isolated cardiac defect cases, and 22 controls with normal hearts, using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation microarray and MassARRAY EpiTYPER assays. Expression of genes adjacent to differentially methylated regions (DMRs) was measured by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The results revealed that fetuses with cardiac defects presented global hypomethylation. Genomic analysis of DMRs revealed that a proportion of DMRs were located in exons (12.4%), distal intergenic regions (11.14%), and introns (8.97%). Only 55.7% of DMRs were observed at promoter regions. Functional enrichment analysis for genes adjacent to these DMRs revealed that hypomethylated genes were involved in embryonic heart tube morphogenesis and immune-related regulation functions. Intergenic hypermethylation of EGFR and solute carrier family 19 member 1 (SLC19A1), and intragenic hypomethylation of NOTCH1 were validated in fetal heart tissues with cardiac defects. Only SLC19A1 expression was significantly decreased at the mRNA level, while EGFR, NOTCH1, and SLC19A1 expression were all significantly decreased at the protein level. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that fetal cardiac defects may be associated with alterations in regional and single CpG site methylation outside of promoter regions, resulting in differentiated expression of corresponding genes associated with heart development. These results present new insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying abnormal heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizi Zhou
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Xinran Dong
- Molecular Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Molecular Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Qian
- Molecular Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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19
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Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most frequent birth defect and the leading cause of death for the fetus and in the first year of life. The wide phenotypic diversity of congenital heart defects requires expert diagnosis and sophisticated repair surgery. Although these defects have been described since the seventeenth century, it was only in 2005 that a consensus international nomenclature was adopted, followed by an international classification in 2017 to help provide better management of patients. Advances in genetic engineering, imaging, and omics analyses have uncovered mechanisms of heart formation and malformation in animal models, but approximately 80% of congenital heart defects have an unknown genetic origin. Here, we summarize current knowledge of congenital structural heart defects, intertwining clinical and fundamental research perspectives, with the aim to foster interdisciplinary collaborations at the cutting edge of each field. We also discuss remaining challenges in better understanding congenital heart defects and providing benefits to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Houyel
- Unité de Cardiologie Pédiatrique et Congénitale and Centre de Référence des Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes (M3C), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sigolène M Meilhac
- Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine-Institut Pasteur Unit of Heart Morphogenesis, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France;
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20
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Guo S, Okyere AD, McEachern E, Strong JL, Carter RL, Patwa VC, Thomas TP, Landy M, Song J, Lucchese AM, Martin TG, Gao E, Rajan S, Kirk JA, Koch WJ, Cheung JY, Tilley DG. Epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent maintenance of cardiac contractility. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1276-1288. [PMID: 33892492 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is essential to the development of multiple tissues and organs and is a target of cancer therapeutics. Due to the embryonic lethality of global EGFR deletion and conflicting reports of cardiac-overexpressed EGFR mutants, its specific impact on the adult heart, normally or in response to chronic stress, has not been established. Using complimentary genetic strategies to modulate cardiomyocyte-specific EGFR expression, we aim to define its role in the regulation of cardiac function and remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS A floxed EGFR mouse model with α-myosin heavy chain-Cre-mediated cardiomyocyte-specific EGFR downregulation (CM-EGFR-KD mice) developed contractile dysfunction by 9 weeks of age, marked by impaired diastolic relaxation, as monitored via echocardiographic, hemodynamic and isolated cardiomyocyte contractility analyses. This contractile defect was maintained over time without overt cardiac remodeling until 10 months of age, after which the mice ultimately developed severe heart failure and reduced lifespan. Acute downregulation of EGFR in adult floxed EGFR mice with adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-encoded Cre with a cardiac troponin T promoter (AAV9-cTnT-Cre) recapitulated the CM-EGFR-KD phenotype, while AAV9-cTnT-EGFR treatment of adult CM-EGFR-KD mice rescued the phenotype. Notably, chronic administration of the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) agonist isoproterenol effectively and reversibly compensated for the contractile dysfunction in the absence of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in CM-EGFR-KD mice. Mechanistically, EGFR downregulation reduced the expression of protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) regulatory subunit Ppp2r3a/PR72, which was associated with decreased phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB) and Ca2+ clearance, and whose re-expression via AAV9-cTnT-PR72 rescued the CM-EGFR-KD phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Altogether our study highlights a previously unrecognized role for EGFR in maintaining contractile homeostasis under physiologic conditions in the adult heart via regulation of PR72 expression. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Our study highlights a previously unrecognized role for EGFR in maintaining contractile homeostasis under physiologic conditions in the adult heart via regulation of PR72, a PP2A regulatory subunit with an unknown impact on cardiac function. Further, we have shown that cardiomyocyte-expressed EGFR is required for the promotion of cardiac hypertrophy under conditions of chronic catecholamine stress. Altogether, our study provides new insight into the dynamic nature of cardiomyocyte-specific EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Guo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ama Dedo Okyere
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erin McEachern
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joshua L Strong
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rhonda L Carter
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Viren C Patwa
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Toby P Thomas
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Melissa Landy
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jianliang Song
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ana Maria Lucchese
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Thomas G Martin
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sudarsan Rajan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joseph Y Cheung
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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21
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Rufaihah AJ, Chen CK, Yap CH, Mattar CNZ. Mending a broken heart: In vitro, in vivo and in silico models of congenital heart disease. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm047522. [PMID: 33787508 PMCID: PMC8033415 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth defects contribute to ∼0.3% of global infant mortality in the first month of life, and congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect among newborns worldwide. Despite the significant impact on human health, most treatments available for this heterogenous group of disorders are palliative at best. For this reason, the complex process of cardiogenesis, governed by multiple interlinked and dose-dependent pathways, is well investigated. Tissue, animal and, more recently, computerized models of the developing heart have facilitated important discoveries that are helping us to understand the genetic, epigenetic and mechanobiological contributors to CHD aetiology. In this Review, we discuss the strengths and limitations of different models of normal and abnormal cardiogenesis, ranging from single-cell systems and 3D cardiac organoids, to small and large animals and organ-level computational models. These investigative tools have revealed a diversity of pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to CHD, including genetic pathways, epigenetic regulators and shear wall stresses, paving the way for new strategies for screening and non-surgical treatment of CHD. As we discuss in this Review, one of the most-valuable advances in recent years has been the creation of highly personalized platforms with which to study individual diseases in clinically relevant settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Jalil Rufaihah
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228
| | - Ching Kit Chen
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228
| | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat -National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Citra N Z Mattar
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228
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22
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Yu X, Pan X, Zhang S, Zhang YH, Chen L, Wan S, Huang T, Cai YD. Identification of Gene Signatures and Expression Patterns During Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition From Single-Cell Expression Atlas. Front Genet 2021; 11:605012. [PMID: 33584803 PMCID: PMC7876317 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.605012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, which refers to abnormal cell proliferative diseases with systematic pathogenic potential, is one of the leading threats to human health. The final causes for patients’ deaths are usually cancer recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance against continuing therapy. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is the transformation of tumor cells (TCs), is a prerequisite for pathogenic cancer recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. Conventional biomarkers can only define and recognize large tissues with obvious EMT markers but cannot accurately monitor detailed EMT processes. In this study, a systematic workflow was established integrating effective feature selection, multiple machine learning models [Random forest (RF), Support vector machine (SVM)], rule learning, and functional enrichment analyses to find new biomarkers and their functional implications for distinguishing single-cell isolated TCs with unique epithelial or mesenchymal markers using public single-cell expression profiling. Our discovered signatures may provide an effective and precise transcriptomic reference to monitor EMT progression at the single-cell level and contribute to the exploration of detailed tumorigenesis mechanisms during EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtian Yu
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - XiaoYong Pan
- Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - ShiQi Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of PMMP, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sibao Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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23
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A Genomic Study of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101895. [PMID: 33081147 PMCID: PMC7602727 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCSs) show the earliest onset and the highest incidence of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Previous studies have suggested a polygenic inheritance of the disease in this breed and revealed an association with regions on canine chromosomes 13 and 14. Following clinical and echocardiographic examinations, 33 not-directly-related CKCSs were selected and classified as cases (n = 16) if MMVD was present before 5 years of age or as controls (n = 17) if no or very mild MMVD was present after 5 years of age. DNA was extracted from whole blood and genotyped with a Canine 230K SNP BeadChip instrument. Cases and controls were compared with three complementary genomic analyses (Wright's fixation index-FST, cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity-XP-EHH, and runs of homozygosity-ROH) to identify differences in terms of heterozygosity and regions of homozygosity. The top 1% single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected and mapped, and the genes were thoroughly investigated. Ten consensus genes were found localized on chromosomes 3-11-14-19, partially confirming previous studies. The HEPACAM2, CDK6, and FAH genes, related to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway and heart development, also emerged in the ROH analysis. In conclusion, this work expands the knowledge of the genetic basis of MMVD by identifying genes involved in the early onset of MMVD in CKCSs.
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New Concepts in the Development and Malformation of the Arterial Valves. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7040038. [PMID: 32987700 PMCID: PMC7712390 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although in many ways the arterial and atrioventricular valves are similar, both being derived for the most part from endocardial cushions, we now know that the arterial valves and their surrounding structures are uniquely dependent on progenitors from both the second heart field (SHF) and neural crest cells (NCC). Here, we will review aspects of arterial valve development, highlighting how our appreciation of NCC and the discovery of the SHF have altered our developmental models. We will highlight areas of research that have been particularly instructive for understanding how the leaflets form and remodel, as well as those with limited or conflicting results. With this background, we will explore how this developmental knowledge can help us to understand human valve malformations, particularly those of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Controversies and the current state of valve genomics will be indicated.
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25
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Abstract
The valves of the heart are crucial for ensuring that blood flows in one direction from the heart, through the lungs and back to the rest of the body. Heart valve development is regulated by complex interactions between different cardiac cell types and is subject to blood flow-driven forces. Recent work has begun to elucidate the important roles of developmental pathways, valve cell heterogeneity and hemodynamics in determining the structure and function of developing valves. Furthermore, this work has revealed that many key genetic pathways involved in cardiac valve development are also implicated in diseased valves. Here, we review recent discoveries that have furthered our understanding of the molecular, cellular and mechanosensitive mechanisms of valve development, and highlight new insights into congenital and acquired valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna O'Donnell
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Katherine E Yutzey
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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26
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Schönfeld M, Selig M, Russo A, Lindner C, Kampmann C, Mildenberger E, Whybra C. Rapid detection by hydrops panel of Noonan syndrome with PTPN11 mutation (p.Thr73Ile) and persistent thrombocytopenia. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1174. [PMID: 32144894 PMCID: PMC7216795 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is still a challenging diagnosis. The differential diagnosis is extensive and the success of identifying a cause depends on the thoroughness of efforts to establish a diagnosis. For the early diagnosis of NIHF, a virtual gene panel diagnostic tool was developed. The female premature baby in question was delivered via emergency cesarean at 30 + 1 weeks of gestational age (GA) due to rapidly developing NIHF to a healthy mother. The family history was noncontributory. METHODS DNA of the family was extracted and sequenced by the virtual hydrops panel with whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS The hydrops panel revealed Noonan syndrome (NS) with a germline mutation in PTPN11 c.218C>T (p.Thr73Ile). CONCLUSION The diagnosis of our patient was rapidly confirmed by the hydrops panel. The variant of c.218C>T (p.Thr73Ile) has not yet been described in literature relating to NIHF. Only a few case reports of this variant are known. This particular mutation is associated with Noonan syndrome, congenital heart defect and persistent thrombocytopenia. Few reveal juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mascha Schönfeld
- Neonatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mareike Selig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexandra Russo
- Hematology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christine Lindner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Kampmann
- Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Mildenberger
- Neonatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Catharina Whybra
- Neonatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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27
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Cdc42 activation by endothelin regulates neural crest cell migration in the cardiac outflow tract. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:795-812. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Weiss RM, Chu Y, Brooks RM, Lund DD, Cheng J, Zimmerman KA, Kafa MK, Sistla P, Doshi H, Shao JQ, El Accaoui RN, Otto CM, Heistad DD. Discovery of an Experimental Model of Unicuspid Aortic Valve. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.006908. [PMID: 29960994 PMCID: PMC6064885 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The epithelial growth factor receptor family of tyrosine kinases modulates embryonic formation of semilunar valves. We hypothesized that mice heterozygous for a dominant loss‐of‐function mutation in epithelial growth factor receptor, which are EgfrVel/+ mice, would develop anomalous aortic valves, valve dysfunction, and valvular cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results Aortic valves from EgfrVel/+ mice and control mice were examined by light microscopy at 2.5 to 4 months of age. Additional EgfrVel/+ and control mice underwent echocardiography at 2.5, 4.5, 8, and 12 months of age, followed by histologic examination. In young mice, microscopy revealed anatomic anomalies in 79% of EgfrVel/+ aortic valves, which resembled human unicuspid aortic valves. Anomalies were not observed in control mice. At 12 months of age, histologic architecture was grossly distorted in EgfrVel/+ aortic valves. Echocardiography detected moderate or severe aortic regurgitation, or aortic stenosis was present in 38% of EgfrVel/+ mice at 2.5 months of age (N=24) and in 74% by 8 months of age. Left ventricular enlargement, hypertrophy, and reversion to a fetal myocardial gene expression program occurred in EgfrVel/+ mice with aortic valve dysfunction, but not in EgfrVel/+ mice with near‐normal aortic valve function. Myocardial fibrosis was minimal or absent in all groups. Conclusions A new mouse model uniquely recapitulates salient functional, structural, and histologic features of human unicuspid aortic valve disease, which are phenotypically distinct from other forms of congenital aortic valve disease. The new model may be useful for elucidating mechanisms by which congenitally anomalous aortic valves become critically dysfunctional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Weiss
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Yi Chu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Robert M Brooks
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Donald D Lund
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Justine Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Kathy A Zimmerman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Melissa K Kafa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Phanicharan Sistla
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Hardik Doshi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jian Q Shao
- The Central Microscopy Core, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Ramzi N El Accaoui
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Catherine M Otto
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Donald D Heistad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.,Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to highlight the past and more current literature related to the multifaceted pathogenic programs that contribute to calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) with a focus on the contribution of developmental programs. RECENT FINDINGS Calcification of the aortic valve is an active process characterized by calcific nodule formation on the aortic surface leading to a less supple and more stiffened cusp, thereby limiting movement and causing clinical stenosis. The mechanisms underlying these pathogenic changes are largely unknown, but emerging studies have suggested that signaling pathways common to valvulogenesis and bone development play significant roles and include Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Wnt, Notch, and Sox9. This comprehensive review of the literature highlights the complex nature of CAVD but concurrently identifies key regulators that can be targeted in the development of mechanistic-based therapies beyond surgical intervention to improve patient outcome.
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Koeppen M, Lee JW, Seo SW, Brodsky KS, Kreth S, Yang IV, Buttrick PM, Eckle T, Eltzschig HK. Hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha-dependent induction of amphiregulin dampens myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Nat Commun 2018; 9:816. [PMID: 29483579 PMCID: PMC5827027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) leads to the stabilization of the transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-alpha) and hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF2-alpha). While previous studies implicate HIF1-alpha in cardioprotection, the role of HIF2-alpha remains elusive. Here we show that HIF2-alpha induces the epithelial growth factor amphiregulin (AREG) to elicit cardioprotection in myocardial IRI. Comparing mice with inducible deletion of Hif1a or Hif2a in cardiac myocytes, we show that loss of Hif2-alpha increases infarct sizes. Microarray studies in genetic models or cultured human cardiac myocytes implicate HIF2-alpha in the myocardial induction of AREG. Likewise, AREG increases in myocardial tissues from patients with ischemic heart disease. Areg deficiency increases myocardial IRI, as does pharmacologic inhibition of Areg signaling. In contrast, treatment with recombinant Areg provides cardioprotection and reconstitutes mice with Hif2a deletion. These studies indicate that HIF2-alpha induces myocardial AREG expression in cardiac myocytes, which increases myocardial ischemia tolerance. Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury stabilizes the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF2-alpha. Here, the authors show that HIF2-alpha protects the heart from injury via induction of the epidermal growth factor amphiregulin, and that amphiregulin administration is cardioprotective in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Koeppen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Tübingen University Hospital, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Anaesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Muenchen, Germany.
| | - Jae W Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seong-Wook Seo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kelley S Brodsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Simone Kreth
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Muenchen, Germany
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Peter M Buttrick
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tobias Eckle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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Pulmonary Vasculitis and a Horseshoe Kidney in Noonan Syndrome. Case Rep Pathol 2018; 2018:6829586. [PMID: 29670795 PMCID: PMC5833241 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6829586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a term male neonate with congenital myeloproliferative disorder, thrombocytopenia, a horseshoe kidney, feeding difficulty secondary to dysphagia/foregut dysmotility, and respiratory failure. Prenatal molecular genetic analysis revealed a fetus carrying c.184T>G (p.Tyr62Asp) pathogenic variant in PTPN11. The infant eventually succumbed to respiratory failure. Bacterial and viral cultures/studies were all no growth/negative. Pulmonary capillaritis and vasculitis were noted at autopsy. This report presents a new case of Noonan syndrome with unusual associated disorders and a review of the literature.
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32
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Sheng Y, Tang L, Kang L, Xiao R. Membrane ion Channels and Receptors in Animal lifespan Modulation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2946-2956. [PMID: 28121014 PMCID: PMC7008462 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acting in the interfaces between environment and membrane compartments, membrane ion channels, and receptors transduce various physical and chemical cues into downstream signaling events. Not surprisingly, these membrane proteins play essential roles in a wide range of cellular processes such as sensory perception, synaptic transmission, cellular growth and development, fate determination, and apoptosis. However, except insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, the functions of membrane receptors in animal lifespan modulation have not been well appreciated. On the other hand, although ion channels are popular therapeutic targets for many age-related diseases, their potential roles in aging itself are largely neglected. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of the conserved functions and mechanisms of membrane ion channels and receptors in the modulation of lifespan across multiple species including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, mouse, and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sheng
- Division of Biology of Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lanlan Tang
- Division of Biology of Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Division of Biology of Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Tzouvelekis A, Yu G, Lino Cardenas CL, Herazo-Maya JD, Wang R, Woolard T, Zhang Y, Sakamoto K, Lee H, Yi JS, DeIuliis G, Xylourgidis N, Ahangari F, Lee PJ, Aidinis V, Herzog EL, Homer R, Bennett AM, Kaminski N. SH2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase-2 Is a Novel Antifibrotic Regulator in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:500-514. [PMID: 27736153 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201602-0329oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic fatal lung disease with dismal prognosis and no cure. The potential role of the ubiquitously expressed SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) as a therapeutic target has not been studied in IPF. OBJECTIVES To determine the expression, mechanistic role, and potential therapeutic usefulness of SHP2 in pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS The effects of SHP2 overexpression and inhibition on fibroblast response to profibrotic stimuli were analyzed in vitro in primary human and mouse lung fibroblasts. In vivo therapeutic effects were assessed in the bleomycin model of lung fibrosis by SHP2-lentiviral administration and transgenic mice carrying a constitutively active SHP2 mutation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS SHP2 was down-regulated in lungs and lung fibroblasts obtained from patients with IPF. Immunolocalization studies revealed that SHP2 was absent within fibroblastic foci. Loss of SHP2 expression or activity was sufficient to induce fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation in primary human lung fibroblasts. Overexpression of constitutively active SHP2 reduced the responsiveness of fibroblasts to profibrotic stimuli, including significant reductions in cell survival and myofibroblast differentiation. SHP2 effects were mediated through deactivation of fibrosis-relevant tyrosine kinase and serine/threonine kinase signaling pathways. Mice carrying the Noonan syndrome-associated gain-of-function SHP2 mutation (SHP2D61G/+) were resistant to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Restoration of SHP2 levels in vivo through lentiviral delivery blunted bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that SHP2 is an important regulator of fibroblast differentiation, and its loss as observed in IPF facilitates profibrotic phenotypic changes. Augmentation of SHP2 activity or expression should be investigated as a novel therapeutic strategy for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Guoying Yu
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christian L Lino Cardenas
- 2 Thoracic Aortic Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jose D Herazo-Maya
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rong Wang
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tony Woolard
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yi Zhang
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Koji Sakamoto
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hojin Lee
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jae-Sung Yi
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Giuseppe DeIuliis
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nikolaos Xylourgidis
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Farida Ahangari
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patty J Lee
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- 4 Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Vari, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Erica L Herzog
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert Homer
- 5 Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anton M Bennett
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Dokmanovic M, King KE, Mohan N, Endo Y, Wu WJ. Cardiotoxicity of ErbB2-targeted therapies and its impact on drug development, a spotlight on trastuzumab. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13:755-766. [PMID: 28571477 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1337746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trastuzumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody directed against ErbB2, is often noted as a successful example of targeted therapy. Trastuzumab improved outcomes for many patients with ErbB2-positive breast and gastric cancers, however, cardiac side effects [e.g., left ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure (CHF)] were reported in the early phase clinical studies. This finding, subsequently corroborated by multiple clinical studies, raised concerns that the observed cardiotoxicity induced by trastuzumab might adversely impact the clinical development of other therapeutics targeting ErbB family members. Areas covered: In this review we summarize both basic research and clinical findings regarding trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity and assess if there has been an impact of trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity on the development of other agents targeting ErbB family members. Expert opinion: There are a number of scientific gaps that are critically important to address for the continued success of HER2-targeted agents. These include: 1) elucidating the molecular mechanisms contributing to cardiotoxicity; 2) developing relevant preclinical testing systems for predicting cardiotoxicity; 3) developing clinical strategies to identify patients at risk of cardiotoxicity; and 4) enhancing management of clinical symptoms of cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Dokmanovic
- a Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD 20993 , USA
| | - Kathryn E King
- a Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD 20993 , USA
| | - Nishant Mohan
- a Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD 20993 , USA
| | - Yukinori Endo
- a Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD 20993 , USA
| | - Wen Jin Wu
- a Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research , U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD 20993 , USA
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35
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Iwamoto R, Mine N, Mizushima H, Mekada E. ErbB1 and ErbB4 generate opposing signals regulating mesenchymal cell proliferation during valvulogenesis. J Cell Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.196618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
HB-EGF plays an indispensable role in suppression of cell proliferation during mouse valvulogenesis. However, ligands of the EGF receptor (EGFR/ErbB1), including HB-EGF, are generally considered as growth-promoting factors as shown in cancers. HB-EGF binds to and activates ErbB1 and ErbB4. We investigated the role of ErbB receptors in valvulogenesis in vivo using ErbB1- and ErbB4-deficient mice, and an ex vivo model of endocardial cushion explants. We show that HB-EGF suppresses valve mesenchymal cell proliferation through a heterodimer of ErbB1 and ErbB4, and an ErbB1 ligand(s) promotes cell proliferation through a homodimer of ErbB1. Moreover, a rescue experiment with cleavable or uncleavable isoforms of ErbB4 in ERBB4 null cells indicates that the cleavable JM-a-type, but not the uncleavable JM-b-type, of ErbB4 rescues the defect of the null cells. These data suggest that the cytoplasmic intracellular domain of ErbB4, rather than the membrane-anchored tyrosine kinase, achieves this suppression. Our study demonstrates that opposing signals generated by different ErbB dimer combinations function in the same cardiac cushion mesenchymal cells for proper cardiac valve formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Iwamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Mine
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Present address: CanBas Co., Ltd. 2-2-1 Ohtemachi, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0801, Japan
| | - Hiroto Mizushima
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eisuke Mekada
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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36
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Zhang L, Li Z, Shi T, La X, Li H, Li Z. Design, purification and assessment of GRP78 binding peptide-linked Subunit A of Subtilase cytotoxic for targeting cancer cells. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:65. [PMID: 27585649 PMCID: PMC5009487 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted therapies for cancer, especially the malignant cancer, are always restricted by the deficiency of tumor-specific drug delivery methods. Subtilase cytotoxic is a virulent cytotoxin, and the subunit A (SubA) of it is able to destroy the structure of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) to induce cell apoptosis, and to be expected as anti-cancer drugs, however, the ubiquitous receptor of subunit B of Subtilase cytotoxic (SubB) restricts its application on cancer therapy. RESULTS The present study constructed and expressed a fusion protein of GBP-SubA in E. coli Rosetta (DE3) system, in which the subunit B of Subtilase cytotoxic was replaced by GRP78 binding peptide (GBP). The fusion protein was expressed in inclusion body form. Subsequently, the denaturation/renaturation process and Ni-column purification were performed. Our data indicated the purified GBP-SubA could bind GRP78 existed on cancer cell surface specifically, internalize into cells to inactivate intracellular GRP78 and induce apoptosis. Moreover, the apoptosis induction effect of GBP-SubA was enhanced obviously along with the increased cancer cell surface GBP78. CONCLUSIONS It indicates that the recombinant GBP-SubA possesses the dual functions of GBP and SubA to induce cancer cell apoptosis specifically, revealing that GBP-SubA holds important implications for developing as an anti-cancer peptide drug. A schematic representation of the construction and function of GBP-SubA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Zongwei Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Tonglin Shi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiaoqin La
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Hanqing Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China. .,College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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El Bouchikhi I, Belhassan K, Moufid FZ, Iraqui Houssaini M, Bouguenouch L, Samri I, Atmani S, Ouldim K. Noonan syndrome-causing genes: Molecular update and an assessment of the mutation rate. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2016; 3:133-142. [PMID: 30805484 PMCID: PMC6372459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpam.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome is a common autosomal dominant disorder characterized by short stature, congenital heart disease and facial dysmorphia with an incidence of 1/1000 to 2500 live births. Up to now, several genes have been proven to be involved in the disturbance of the transduction signal through the RAS-MAP Kinase pathway and the manifestation of Noonan syndrome. The first gene described was PTPN11, followed by SOS1, RAF1, KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, MAP2K1, and RIT1, and recently SOS2, LZTR1, and A2ML1, among others. Progressively, the physiopathology and molecular etiology of most signs of Noonan syndrome have been demonstrated, and inheritance patterns as well as genetic counseling have been established. In this review, we summarize the data concerning clinical features frequently observed in Noonan syndrome, and then, we describe the molecular etiology as well as the physiopathology of most Noonan syndrome-causing genes. In the second part of this review, we assess the mutational rate of Noonan syndrome-causing genes reported up to now in most screening studies. This review should give clinicians as well as geneticists a full view of the molecular aspects of Noonan syndrome and the authentic prevalence of the mutational events of its causing-genes. It will also facilitate laying the groundwork for future molecular diagnosis research, and the development of novel treatment strategies.
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Key Words
- CDC25, cell division cycle 25
- CHD, congenital heart defects
- CR, conserved region
- CRD, cysteine-rich domain
- GAP, GTPase activating protein
- GDP, guanosine-DiPhosphate
- GEF, guanine exchange factor
- GH, growth hormone
- GTP, guanosine-TriPhosphate
- HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor I
- MAP kinase signaling pathways
- Molecular etiology
- Mutation rate
- Noonan syndrome
- PTPN11
- RAS family
- RBD, RAS binding domain
- REM, RAS exchange motif
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihssane El Bouchikhi
- Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, HASSAN II University Hospital, BP 1835, Atlas, Fez 30000, Morocco.,Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 2202, Route d'Imouzzer, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Khadija Belhassan
- Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, HASSAN II University Hospital, BP 1835, Atlas, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zohra Moufid
- Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, HASSAN II University Hospital, BP 1835, Atlas, Fez 30000, Morocco.,Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 2202, Route d'Imouzzer, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Iraqui Houssaini
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 2202, Route d'Imouzzer, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Laila Bouguenouch
- Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, HASSAN II University Hospital, BP 1835, Atlas, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Imane Samri
- Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, HASSAN II University Hospital, BP 1835, Atlas, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Samir Atmani
- Medico-Surgical Unit of Cardio-pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, HASSAN II University Hospital, BP 1835, Atlas, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Karim Ouldim
- Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics Laboratory, HASSAN II University Hospital, BP 1835, Atlas, Fez 30000, Morocco
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Lauriol J, Cabrera JR, Roy A, Keith K, Hough SM, Damilano F, Wang B, Segarra GC, Flessa ME, Miller LE, Das S, Bronson R, Lee KH, Kontaridis MI. Developmental SHP2 dysfunction underlies cardiac hypertrophy in Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2989-3005. [PMID: 27348588 PMCID: PMC4966304 DOI: 10.1172/jci80396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a common cause of mortality in congenital heart disease (CHD). Many gene abnormalities are associated with cardiac hypertrophy, but their function in cardiac development is not well understood. Loss-of-function mutations in PTPN11, which encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) SHP2, are implicated in CHD and cause Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML), a condition that often presents with cardiac hypertrophic defects. Here, we found that NSML-associated hypertrophy stems from aberrant signaling mechanisms originating in developing endocardium. Trabeculation and valvular hyperplasia were diminished in hearts of embryonic mice expressing a human NSML-associated variant of SHP2, and these defects were recapitulated in mice expressing NSML-associated SHP2 specifically in endothelial, but not myocardial or neural crest, cells. In contrast, mice with myocardial- but not endothelial-specific NSML SHP2 expression developed ventricular septal defects, suggesting that NSML-associated mutations have both cell-autonomous and nonautonomous functions in cardiac development. However, only endothelial-specific expression of NSML-associated SHP2 induced adult-onset cardiac hypertrophy. Further, embryos expressing the NSML-associated SHP2 mutation exhibited aberrant AKT activity and decreased downstream forkhead box P1 (FOXP1)/FGF and NOTCH1/EPHB2 signaling, indicating that SHP2 is required for regulating reciprocal crosstalk between developing endocardium and myocardium. Together, our data provide functional and disease-based evidence that aberrant SHP2 signaling during cardiac development leads to CHD and adult-onset heart hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lauriol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janel R. Cabrera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashbeel Roy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberly Keith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara M. Hough
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Federico Damilano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bonnie Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriel C. Segarra
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Meaghan E. Flessa
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren E. Miller
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kyu-Ho Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Maria I. Kontaridis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ramachandra CJA, Mehta A, Lua CH, Chitre A, Ja KPMM, Shim W. ErbB Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: A Molecular Switch Between Cardiac and Neuroectoderm Specification in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2461-2470. [PMID: 27324647 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms determining intrinsic differentiation bias inherent to human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) toward cardiogenic fate remain elusive. We evaluated the interplay between ErbB4 and Epidemal growth factor receptor (EGFR or ErbB1) in determining cardiac differentiation in vitro as these receptor tyrosine kinases are key to heart and brain development in vivo. Our results demonstrate that during cardiac differentiation, cell fate biases exist in hPSCs due to cardiac/neuroectoderm divergence post cardiac mesoderm stage. Stage-specific up-regulation of EGFR in concert with persistent Wnt3a signaling post cardiac mesoderm favors commitment toward neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Inhibition of EGFR abrogates these effects with enhanced (>twofold) cardiac differentiation efficiencies by increasing proliferation of Nkx2-5 expressing cardiac progenitors while reducing proliferation of Sox2 expressing NPCs. Forced overexpression of ErbB4 rescued cardiac commitment by augmenting Wnt11 signaling. Convergence between EGFR/ErbB4 and canonical/noncanonical Wnt signaling determines cardiogenic fate in hPSCs. Stem Cells 2016;34:2461-2470.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashish Mehta
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore. .,Cardiovascular Academic Clinical Program.
| | - Chong Hui Lua
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anuja Chitre
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - K P Myu Mai Ja
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Winston Shim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
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Dargis N, Lamontagne M, Gaudreault N, Sbarra L, Henry C, Pibarot P, Mathieu P, Bossé Y. Identification of Gender-Specific Genetic Variants in Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve. Am J Cardiol 2016; 117:420-6. [PMID: 26708639 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most frequent congenital heart defect and has a male predominance of 3 to 1. A large proportion of patients develop valvular and aortic complications. Despite the high prevalence of BAV, its cause and genetic origins remain elusive. The goal of this study was to identify genetic variants associated with BAV. Nine genes previously associated with BAV (NOTCH1, AXIN1, EGFR, ENG, GATA5, NKX2-5, NOS3, PDIA2, and TGFBR2) were sequenced in 48 patients with BAV using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. Pathogenicity of genetic variants was evaluated with the Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion framework. A selection of 89 variants identified by sequencing or in previous BAV genetic studies was genotyped, and allele frequencies were compared in 323 patients with BAV confirmed at surgery and 584 controls. Analyses were also performed by gender. Nine novel and 19 potentially pathogenic variants were identified by next-generation sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing, but they were not associated with BAV in the case-control population. A significant association was observed between an in silico-predicted benign EGFR intronic variant (rs17290301) and BAV. Analyses performed by gender revealed different variants associated with BAV in men (EGFR rs533525993 and TEX26 rs12857479) and women (NOTCH1 rs61751489, TGFBR2 rs1155705, and NKX2-5 rs2277923). In conclusion, these results constitute the first association between EGFR genetic variants and BAV in humans and support a possible role of gender-specific polymorphisms in the development of BAV.
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Forrester SJ, Kawai T, O'Brien S, Thomas W, Harris RC, Eguchi S. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation: Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Potential Therapies in the Cardiovascular System. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 56:627-53. [PMID: 26566153 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-070115-095427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation impacts the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, and inhibition of EGFR activity is emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat diseases including hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, renal fibrosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. The capacity of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists, such as angiotensin II (AngII), to promote EGFR signaling is called transactivation and is well described, yet delineating the molecular processes and functional relevance of this crosstalk has been challenging. Moreover, these critical findings are dispersed among many different fields. The aim of our review is to highlight recent advancements in defining the signaling cascades and downstream consequences of EGFR transactivation in the cardiovascular renal system. We also focus on studies that link EGFR transactivation to animal models of the disease, and we discuss potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140;
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140;
| | - Shannon O'Brien
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Walter Thomas
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140;
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42
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Fitzgibbons TP, Aurigemma GP. Making "Waves" With a Murine Model of Aortic Insufficiency. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1554-6. [PMID: 26109738 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Fitzgibbons
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.
| | - Gerard P Aurigemma
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
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43
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Endocardial Brg1 disruption illustrates the developmental origins of semilunar valve disease. Dev Biol 2015; 407:158-72. [PMID: 26100917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The formation of intricately organized aortic and pulmonic valves from primitive endocardial cushions of the outflow tract is a remarkable accomplishment of embryonic development. While not always initially pathologic, developmental semilunar valve (SLV) defects, including bicuspid aortic valve, frequently progress to a disease state in adults requiring valve replacement surgery. Disrupted embryonic growth, differentiation, and patterning events that "trigger" SLV disease are coordinated by gene expression changes in endocardial, myocardial, and cushion mesenchymal cells. We explored roles of chromatin regulation in valve gene regulatory networks by conditional inactivation of the Brg1-associated factor (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex in the endocardial lineage. Endocardial Brg1-deficient mouse embryos develop thickened and disorganized SLV cusps that frequently become bicuspid and myxomatous, including in surviving adults. These SLV disease-like phenotypes originate from deficient endocardial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in the proximal outflow tract (pOFT) cushions. The missing cells are replaced by compensating neural crest or other non-EMT-derived mesenchyme. However, these cells are incompetent to fully pattern the valve interstitium into distinct regions with specialized extracellular matrices. Transcriptomics reveal genes that may promote growth and patterning of SLVs and/or serve as disease-state biomarkers. Mechanistic studies of SLV disease genes should distinguish between disease origins and progression; the latter may reflect secondary responses to a disrupted developmental system.
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Hajj GP, Chu Y, Lund DD, Magida JA, Funk ND, Brooks RM, Baumbach GL, Zimmerman KA, Davis MK, El Accaoui RN, Hameed T, Doshi H, Chen B, Leinwand LA, Song LS, Heistad DD, Weiss RM. Spontaneous Aortic Regurgitation and Valvular Cardiomyopathy in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1653-62. [PMID: 25997932 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the mechanistic links between fibrocalcific changes in the aortic valve and aortic valve function in mice homozygous for a hypomorphic epidermal growth factor receptor mutation (Wave mice). We also studied myocardial responses to aortic valve dysfunction in Wave mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS At 1.5 months of age, before development of valve fibrosis and calcification, aortic regurgitation, but not aortic stenosis, was common in Wave mice. Aortic valve fibrosis, profibrotic signaling, calcification, osteogenic markers, lipid deposition, and apoptosis increased dramatically by 6 and 12 months of age in Wave mice. Aortic regurgitation remained prevalent, however, and aortic stenosis was rare, at all ages. Proteoglycan content was abnormally increased in aortic valves of Wave mice at all ages. Treatment with pioglitazone prevented abnormal valve calcification, but did not protect valve function. There was significant left ventricular volume overload, hypertrophy, and fetal gene expression, at all ages in Wave mice with aortic regurgitation. Left ventricular systolic function was normal until 6 months of age in Wave mice, but became impaired by 12 months of age. Myocardial transverse tubules were normal in the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy at 1.5 and 3 months of age, but became disrupted by 12 months of age. CONCLUSIONS We present the first comprehensive phenotypic and molecular characterization of spontaneous aortic regurgitation and volume-overload cardiomyopathy in an experimental model. In Wave mice, fibrocalcific changes are not linked to valve dysfunction and are epiphenomena arising from structurally incompetent myxomatous valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges P Hajj
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Yi Chu
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Donald D Lund
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Jason A Magida
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Nathan D Funk
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Robert M Brooks
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Gary L Baumbach
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Kathy A Zimmerman
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Melissa K Davis
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Ramzi N El Accaoui
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Tariq Hameed
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Hardik Doshi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - BiYi Chen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Long-Sheng Song
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Donald D Heistad
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder.
| | - Robert M Weiss
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (G.P.H., Y.C., D.D.L., N.D.F., R.M.B., K.A.Z., M.K.D., R.N.E.A., T.H., H.D., B.C., L.-S.S., D.D.H., R.M.W.), Department of Pharmacology (D.D.H.), and Department of Pathology (G.L.B.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (J.A.M., L.A.L., D.D.H.), University of Colorado, Boulder.
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Fantauzzo KA, Soriano P. Receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: regulating neural crest development one phosphate at a time. Curr Top Dev Biol 2015; 111:135-82. [PMID: 25662260 PMCID: PMC4363133 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) bind to a subset of growth factors on the surface of cells and elicit responses with broad roles in developmental and postnatal cellular processes. Receptors in this subclass consist of an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain harboring a catalytic tyrosine kinase and regulatory sequences that are phosphorylated either by the receptor itself or by various interacting proteins. Once activated, RTKs bind signaling molecules and recruit effector proteins to mediate downstream cellular responses through various intracellular signaling pathways. In this chapter, we highlight the role of a subset of RTK families in regulating the activity of neural crest cells (NCCs) and the development of their derivatives in mammalian systems. NCCs are migratory, multipotent cells that can be subdivided into four axial populations, cranial, cardiac, vagal, and trunk. These cells migrate throughout the vertebrate embryo along defined pathways and give rise to unique cell types and structures. Interestingly, individual RTK families often have specific functions in a subpopulation of NCCs that contribute to the diversity of these cells and their derivatives in the mammalian embryo. We additionally discuss current methods used to investigate RTK signaling, including genetic, biochemical, large-scale proteomic, and biosensor approaches, which can be applied to study intracellular signaling pathways active downstream of this receptor subclass during NCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Fantauzzo
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
| | - Philippe Soriano
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Schreier B, Rabe S, Winter S, Ruhs S, Mildenberger S, Schneider B, Sibilia M, Gotthardt M, Kempe S, Mäder K, Grossmann C, Gekle M. Moderate inappropriately high aldosterone/NaCl constellation in mice: cardiovascular effects and the role of cardiovascular epidermal growth factor receptor. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7430. [PMID: 25503263 PMCID: PMC4262830 DOI: 10.1038/srep07430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-physiological activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), e.g. by aldosterone under conditions of high salt intake, contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, although beneficial effects of aldosterone also have been described. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) contributes to cardiovascular alterations and mediates part of the MR effects. Recently, we showed that EGFR is required for physiological homeostasis and function of heart and arteries in adult animals. We hypothesize that moderate high aldosterone/NaCl, at normal blood pressure, affects the cardiovascular system depending on cardiovascular EGFR. Therefore we performed an experimental series in male and female animals each, using a recently established mouse model with EGFR knockout in vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes and determined the effects of a mild-high aldosterone-to-NaCl constellation on a.o. marker gene expression, heart size, systolic blood pressure, impulse conduction and heart rate. Our data show that (i) cardiac tissue of male but not of female mice is sensitive to mild aldosterone/NaCl treatment, (ii) EGFR knockout induces stronger cardiac disturbances in male as compared to female animals and (iii) mild aldosterone/NaCl treatment requires the EGFR in order to disturb cardiac tissue homeostasis whereas beneficial effects of aldosterone seem to be independent of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schreier
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sindy Rabe
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sabrina Winter
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ruhs
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sigrid Mildenberger
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Bettina Schneider
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Sabine Kempe
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences 1, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences 1, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Grossmann
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Odelin G, Faure E, Kober F, Maurel-Zaffran C, Théron A, Coulpier F, Guillet B, Bernard M, Avierinos JF, Charnay P, Topilko P, Zaffran S. Loss of Krox20 results in aortic valve regurgitation and impaired transcriptional activation of fibrillar collagen genes. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 104:443-55. [PMID: 25344368 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart valve maturation is achieved by the organization of extracellular matrix (ECM) and the distribution of valvular interstitial cells. However, the factors that regulate matrix components required for valvular structure and function are unknown. Based on the discovery of its specific expression in cardiac valves, we aimed to uncover the role of Krox20 (Egr-2) during valve development and disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Using series of mouse genetic tools, we demonstrated that loss of function of Krox20 caused significant hyperplasia of the semilunar valves, while atrioventricular valves appeared normal. This defect was associated with an increase in valvular interstitial cell number and ECM volume. Echo Doppler analysis revealed that adult mutant mice had aortic insufficiency. Defective aortic valves (AoVs) in Krox20(-/-) mice had features of human AoV disease, including excess of proteoglycan deposition and reduction of collagen fibres. Furthermore, examination of diseased human AoVs revealed decreased expression of KROX20. To identify downstream targets of Krox20, we examined expression of fibrillar collagens in the AoV leaflets at different stages in the mouse. We found significant down-regulation of Col1a1, Col1a2, and Col3a1 in the semilunar valves of Krox20 mutant mice. Utilizing in vitro and in vivo experiments, we demonstrated that Col1a1 and Col3a1 are direct targets of Krox20 activation in interstitial cells of the AoV. CONCLUSION This study identifies a previously unknown function of Krox20 during heart valve development. These results indicate that Krox20-mediated activation of fibrillar Col1a1 and Col3a1 genes is crucial to avoid postnatal degeneration of the AoV leaflets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Odelin
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF UMR_S910, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France Inserm, U910, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Faure
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF UMR_S910, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France Inserm, U910, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Frank Kober
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR7339, Marseille, France
| | | | - Alexis Théron
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF UMR_S910, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France Inserm, U910, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France Département de Cardiologie, AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Fanny Coulpier
- Inserm, U1024, IBENS, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France CNRS, UMR8197, IBENS, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille Université, CERIMED, Marseille, France
| | - Monique Bernard
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR7339, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Avierinos
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF UMR_S910, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France Inserm, U910, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France Département de Cardiologie, AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Charnay
- Inserm, U1024, IBENS, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France CNRS, UMR8197, IBENS, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Piotr Topilko
- Inserm, U1024, IBENS, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France CNRS, UMR8197, IBENS, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Zaffran
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF UMR_S910, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France Inserm, U910, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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Lauriol J, Jaffré F, Kontaridis MI. The role of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 in cardiac development and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 37:73-81. [PMID: 25256404 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most common human developmental disorder, affecting ∼1:100 newborns, and is the primary cause of birth-defect related deaths worldwide. As a major regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), cytokine and G-protein coupled receptor signaling, the non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 plays a critical role in normal cardiac development and function. Indeed, SHP2 participates in a wide variety of cellular functions, including proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration, and cell-cell communication. Moreover, human activating and inactivating mutations of SHP2 are responsible for two related developmental disorders called Noonan and LEOPARD Syndromes, respectively, which are both characterized, in part, by congenital heart defects. Structural, enzymologic, biochemical, and SHP2 mouse model studies have together greatly enriched our knowledge of SHP2 and, as such, have also uncovered the diverse roles for SHP2 in cardiac development, including its contribution to progenitor cell specification, cardiac morphogenesis, and maturation of cardiac valves and myocardial chambers. By delineating the precise mechanisms by which SHP2 is involved in regulating these processes, we can begin to better understand the pathogenesis of cardiac disease and find more strategic and effective therapies for treatment of patients with congenital heart disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lauriol
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fabrice Jaffré
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria I Kontaridis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Taylor S, Markesbery M, Harding P. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and proteolytic processing by a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAM): A regulator of several pathways. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 28:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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SHP-2 deletion in postmigratory neural crest cells results in impaired cardiac sympathetic innervation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E1374-82. [PMID: 24706815 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1319208111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autonomic innervation is an essential component of cardiovascular regulation that is first established from the neural crest (NC) lineage in utero and continues developing postnatally. Although in vitro studies have indicated that SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2) is a signaling factor critical for regulating sympathetic neuron differentiation, this has yet to be shown in the complex in vivo environment of cardiac autonomic innervation. Targeting SHP-2 within postmigratory NC lineages resulted in a fully penetrant mouse model of diminished sympathetic cardiac innervation and concomitant bradycardia. Immunohistochemistry of the sympathetic nerve marker tyrosine hydroxylase revealed a progressive loss of adrenergic ganglionic neurons and reduction of cardiac sympathetic axon density in Shp2 cKOs. Molecularly, Shp2 cKOs exhibit lineage-specific suppression of activated phospo-ERK1/2 signaling but not of other downstream targets of SHP-2 such as pAKT. Genetic restoration of the phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) deficiency via lineage-specific expression of constitutively active MEK1 was sufficient to rescue the sympathetic innervation deficit and its physiological consequences. These data indicate that SHP-2 signaling specifically through pERK in postmigratory NC lineages is essential for development and maintenance of sympathetic cardiac innervation postnatally.
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