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Li X, Lin S, Yang X, Chen C, Cao S, Zhang Q, Ma J, Zhu G, Zhang Q, Fang Q, Zheng C, Liang W, Wu X. When IGF-1 Meets Metabolic Inflammation and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112529. [PMID: 38941670 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder associated with insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenaemia (HA). Metabolic inflammation (MI), characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, is intimately linked with chronic metabolic diseases such as IR and diabetes and is also considered an essential factor in the development of PCOS. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays an essential role in PCOS pathogenesis through its multiple functions in regulating cell proliferation metabolic processes and reducing inflammatory responses. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which IGF-1, via MI, participates in the onset and progression of PCOS, aiming to provide insights for studies and clinical treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushen Li
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sailing Lin
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Can Chen
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu Cao
- Xin'an Academy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxin Ma
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guli Zhu
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiongfang Fang
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Weizheng Liang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China.
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Castelli R, Gidaro A, Casu G, Merella P, Profili NI, Donadoni M, Maioli M, Delitala AP. Aging of the Arterial System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6910. [PMID: 37108072 PMCID: PMC10139087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of the vascular system is associated with deep changes of the structural proprieties of the arterial wall. Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease are the major determinants for the loss of elasticity and reduced compliance of vascular wall. Arterial stiffness is a key parameter for assessing the elasticity of the arterial wall and can be easily evaluated with non-invasive methods, such as pulse wave velocity. Early assessment of vessel stiffness is critical because its alteration can precede clinical manifestation of cardiovascular disease. Although there is no specific pharmacological target for arterial stiffness, the treatment of its risk factors helps to improve the elasticity of the arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Castelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Gidaro
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Gavino Casu
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Merella
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Nicia I. Profili
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mattia Donadoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biochemical Science, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro P. Delitala
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Gong J, Han Y, Gao G, Chen A, Fang Z, Lin D, Liu Y, Luo L, Xie L. Sex-specific difference in the relationship between body fat percentage and arterial stiffness: Results from Fuzhou study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:286-294. [PMID: 36815754 PMCID: PMC9994159 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are closely related to cardiovascular mortality. Arterial stiffness is one of the important risks for cardiovascular diseases and is strongly related with the cardiovascular mortality. However, the relationship between obesity and arterial stiffness is still controversial. A cross-sectional study was performed to examine the relationship of body fat percentage (BFP), an indicator of obesity, with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in 2603 subjects (aged 58.62 ± 11.27 years, male 71.07%, hypertension 64.89%). All participants were divided into four groups according to the gender and the presence of arterial stiffening based on a value ≥10 m/s of cfPWV(group1 : male with cfPWV <10 m/s, group2 : male with cfPWV ≥10 m/s, group3 : female with cfPWV <10 m/s, group4 : female with cfPWV ≥10 m/s). Body weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure were measured and clinical biochemical tests were recorded. cfPWV was measured using a non-invasive automatic device (Complior Analysis, France). BFP were calculated by CUN-BAE equation. The level of cfPWV was significantly increased with the increasing trend of BFP in both males and females. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that SBP, DBP, HR, Hcy, BFP, FPG were independent associated with cfPWV in females and SBP, eGFR, FPG, BFP, DBP were independent associated with cfPWV in males. In the subgroups stratified by age, BFP was correlated with cfPWV only in females over 60 years old, but not in female those aged under 60 years old and males. In addition to the age and blood pressure, BFP was one of important predictor of arterial stiffening special in females aged over 60 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gong
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institutethe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian provinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFujian ProvinceFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Department of GeriatricsNational Regional Medical Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institutethe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian provinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFujian ProvinceFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Department of GeriatricsNational Regional Medical Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
| | - Gufeng Gao
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institutethe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ai Chen
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institutethe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhoufei Fang
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institutethe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian provinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFujian ProvinceFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Department of GeriatricsNational Regional Medical Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
| | - Dongjie Lin
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institutethe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Liu
- Department of General PracticeThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institutethe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian provinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFujian ProvinceFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
| | - Liangdi Xie
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institutethe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Hypertension Disease of Fujian provinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Aging and MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFujian ProvinceFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Department of GeriatricsNational Regional Medical Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
- Department of General PracticeThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianPeople's Republic of China
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Ortega-Avila JG, García-Muñoz H, Segura Ordoñez A, Salazar Contreras BC. Sexual dimorphism of leptin and adiposity in children between 0 and 10 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:47. [PMID: 36064746 PMCID: PMC9446796 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in adolescents and adults by sex in blood levels of leptin and adiposity have been described; however, it is not yet clear if these differences arise from the prepubertal stage in subjects with a normal-weight. Therefore, we examine whether there are differences by sex in levels of blood leptin and adiposity in children with a normal-weight between 0 and 10 years old. METHODS Search strategy: eligible studies were obtained from three electronic databases (Ovid, Embase and LILACS) and contact with experts. SELECTION CRITERIA healthy children up to 10 years of age with normal-weight according to age. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSES data were extracted by four independent reviewers using a predesigned data collection form. For the analysis, we stratified according to age groups (newborns, 0.25-0.5 years, 3-5.9 years, 6-7.9 years, 8-10 years). The statistical analysis was performed in the R program. RESULTS Of the initially identified 13,712 records, 21 were selected in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The sex was associated with the overall effect on blood leptin (pooled MD = 1.72 ng/mL, 95% CI: 1.25-2.19) and body fat percentage (pooled MD = 3.43%, 95% CI: 2.53-4.33), being both higher in girls. This finding was consistent in the majority of age groups. CONCLUSION The results of our meta-analyses support the sexual dimorphism in circulating blood leptin and body fat percentage between girls and boys with normal-weight from prepuberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Guillermo Ortega-Avila
- Grupo de Investigación de Ciencias Básicas y Clínicas de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Seccional-Cali, Cali, Colombia
- Grupo de investigación Salud y Movimiento, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - Harry García-Muñoz
- Grupo de investigación Salud y Movimiento, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia
- Grupo de Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Segura Ordoñez
- Grupo de investigación Salud y Movimiento, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia
- Grupo de Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Blanca C. Salazar Contreras
- Grupo de investigación Salud y Movimiento, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia
- Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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Abedpoor N, Taghian F, Hajibabaie F. Physical activity ameliorates the function of organs via adipose tissue in metabolic diseases. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151844. [PMID: 35045377 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ in the endocrine system that can connect organs by secreting molecules and bioactive. Hence, adipose tissue really plays a pivotal role in regulating metabolism, inflammation, energy homeostasis, and thermogenesis. Disruption of hub bioactive molecules secretion such as adipokines leads to dysregulate metabolic communication between adipose tissue and other organs in non-communicable disorders. Moreover, a sedentary lifestyle may be a risk factor for adipose tissue function. Physical inactivity leads to fat tissue accumulation and promotes obesity, Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, fatty liver, osteoporosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. On the other hand, physical activity may ameliorate and protect the body against metabolic disorders, triggering thermogenesis, metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, β-oxidation, and glucose uptake. Furthermore, physical activity provides an inter-organ association and cross-talk between different tissues by improving adipose tissue function, reprogramming gene expression, modulating molecules and bioactive factors. Also, physical activity decreases chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and improves metabolic features in adipose tissue. The current review focuses on the beneficial effect of physical activity on the cardiovascular, locomotor, digestive, and nervous systems. In addition, we visualize protein-protein interactions networks between hub proteins involved in dysregulating metabolic induced by adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Taghian
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Hajibabaie
- Department of Physiology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
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Migliaccio S, Bimonte VM, Besharat ZM, Sabato C, Lenzi A, Crescioli C, Ferretti E. Environmental Contaminants Acting as Endocrine Disruptors Modulate Atherogenic Processes: New Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Women? Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010044. [PMID: 35053192 PMCID: PMC8773563 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of aged individuals is increasing worldwide, rendering essential the comprehension of pathophysiological mechanisms of age-related alterations, which could facilitate the development of interventions contributing to “successful aging” and improving quality of life. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) include pathologies affecting the heart or blood vessels, such as hypertension, peripheral artery disease and coronary heart disease. Indeed, age-associated modifications in body composition, hormonal, nutritional and metabolic factors, as well as a decline in physical activity are all involved in the increased risk of developing atherogenic alterations that raise the risk of CVD development. Several factors have been reported to play a role in the alterations observed in muscle and endothelial cells and that lead to increased CVD, such as genetic pattern, smoking and unhealthy lifestyle. Moreover, a difference in the risk of these diseases in women and men has been reported. Interestingly, in the past decades attention has been focused on a potential role of several pollutants that disrupt human health by interfering with hormonal pathways, and more specifically in non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes and CVD. This review will focus on the potential alteration induced by Endocrine Disruptors (Eds) in the attempt to characterize a potential role in the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the atheromatous degeneration process and CVD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy; (V.M.B.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Viviana M. Bimonte
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy; (V.M.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Zein Mersini Besharat
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (Z.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Claudia Sabato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (Z.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (Z.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Clara Crescioli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy; (V.M.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (Z.M.B.); (C.S.); (A.L.); (E.F.)
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Para I, Albu A, Porojan MD. Adipokines and Arterial Stiffness in Obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57070653. [PMID: 34202323 PMCID: PMC8305474 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines are active molecules with pleiotropic effects produced by adipose tissue and involved in obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Arterial stiffness, which is a consequence of arteriosclerosis, has been shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of arterial stiffness is complex but incompletely understood. Adipokines dysregulation may induce, by various mechanisms, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular remodeling, leading to increased arterial stiffness. This article summarizes literature data regarding adipokine-related pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of arterial stiffness, particularly in obesity, as well as the results of clinical and epidemiological studies which investigated the relationship between adipokines and arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Para
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Albu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihai D. Porojan
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Lin SC, Wu TJ, Wu DA, Hsu BG. Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with aortic stiffness in nondialysis diabetic patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease. Vascular 2021; 30:384-391. [PMID: 33866881 DOI: 10.1177/17085381211007602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Albuminuria and serum adiponectin levels are factors that have been associated with the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Here we investigated the relationship between serum adiponectin levels and aortic stiffness in nondialysis diabetic kidney disease patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease. METHODS Fasting blood samples were obtained from 80 nondialysis diabetic kidney disease patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was measured using applanation tonometry; cfPWV values of >10 m/s were defined as aortic stiffness. Serum adiponectin levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Forty-two patients (52.5%) with nondialysis diabetic kidney disease were diagnosed with aortic stiffness. The patients in this group were older (p = 0.011), had higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.002) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratios (p = 0.013), included fewer females (p = 0.024), and had lower serum adiponectin (p = 0.001) levels than those in the control group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that serum adiponectin was independently associated with aortic stiffness (odds ratio = 0.930, 95% confidence interval: 0.884-0.978, p = 0.005) and also positively correlated with cfPWV values by multivariable linear regression (β = -0.309, p = 0.002) in nondialysis diabetic kidney disease patients. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that serum adiponectin levels could be used to predict aortic stiffness in nondialysis diabetic kidney disease patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Chin Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien.,Department of Nursing, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien
| | - Tsung-Jui Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien
| | - Du-An Wu
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien.,Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien
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Brodskaya TA, Repina NI, Nevzorova VA, Plekhova NG, Shumatov VB. Aortic stiffness and content of adipokines in the serum in persons of European and South Asian ethnic. TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:397-403. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.04.200679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To evaluate the cardiovascular risk (CVR) based on arterial stiffness and content of adipokines in young-aged persons of different ethnicity (European and South Asian).
Materials and methods. 290 persons of European (Slavic) and South Asian (Korean) ethnicity aged from 19 to 49 years with and without arterial hypertension (AH) were examined. Clinical, anthropometric, laboratory examinations were performed, levels of resistin and adiponectin of blood were assessed. Total CVR was assessed by SCORE scale, patients under the age of 40 years were assessed by relative risk scale. Aortic stiffness was examined by non-invasive arteriography.
Results. Patients of European ethnicity had higher blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), levels of resistin and adiponectin. Pulse wave velocity in the aorta (PWVA) did not differ significantly in ethnic groups. According to the SCORE scale in individuals of the European and South Asian races in general groups and groups with arterial hypertension a moderate absolute risk was determined, in individuals under 40 years of age a moderate relative risk was determined without a significant difference between the groups. However increased levels of PWVA (more than 10 m/s) were registered more often in Korean ethnicity (46.9% compared to Slavic ethnicity, 22.2%). Closer reliable correlations between the level of BP and BMI, WC, PWVA were revealed in Korean ethnicity. Ethnic differences in correlation of adipokines in blood and their dependence on anthropometric and hemodynamic characteristics were described.
Conclusion. The assessment of CVR according to traditional scales does not always accurately represent its real level. New information was obtained on the features of adipokine metabolism and its connections with early manifestations of vascular remodeling in young-aged depending on the race. Taking into account ethnic differences, we recommend in-depth diagnostics of CVR in South Asians. The data can be useful for the design of personalized programs for the diagnostics and assessment of CVR.
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Fantin F, Disegna E, Manzato G, Comellato G, Zoico E, Rossi AP, Mazzali G, Rajkumar C, Zamboni M. Adipokines and Arterial Stiffness in the Elderly. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2020; 16:535-543. [PMID: 33324067 PMCID: PMC7733384 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s274861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adipokines and arterial stiffness in a group of 85 elderly subjects and the role of leptin and adiponectin on subclinical vascular damage, defined by a PWV>10 m/s. METHODS In each subject, we evaluated anthropometry, body composition by DXA (fat mass, fat mass%, lean mass), metabolic variables, leptin, adiponectin, systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure (SBP, DBP, MAP, PP), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (crPWV). RESULTS In the study population, significant associations were observed between cfPWV and crPWV, age, SBP, MAP, waist circumference, fat body mass and leptin. The study population was subdivided in 2 subgroups according to adipokine patterns: group 1 included patients with high adiponectin and low leptin, and group 2 patients had high leptin and low adiponectin. SBP, PP, cfPWV were significantly higher in subjects with high leptin and low adiponectin (group 2). Even after adjustment for gender, fat mass%, MAP, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, cfPWV was higher in group 2 than group 1. In a logistic binary regression on the entire population, considering subclinical vascular damage as a dependent variable and age, gender, MAP, fat mass%, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and category of subjects with high leptin and low adiponectin as independent variables, MAP and category of subjects with high leptin and low adiponectin were significant predictors (OR, respectively, 1.09 and 3.61). CONCLUSION In conclusion, in the elderly, the presence at the same time of high leptin levels and low adiponectin levels seems to have synergic effects on arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fantin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Disegna
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gisella Manzato
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Comellato
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Zoico
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea P Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzali
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Zamboni
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, Section of Geriatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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D’Elia L, Giaquinto A, De Luca F, Strazzullo P, Galletti F. Relationship between circulating leptin levels and arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:505-513. [DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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12
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Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Bartlomiejczyk MA, Sakowicz A, Maciejewski M, Banach M. The Role of Adipokines in the Development of Arterial Stiffness and Hypertension. Angiology 2020; 71:754-761. [PMID: 32431166 DOI: 10.1177/0003319720927203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the role and the relationship of adipokines as well as parameters of arterial stiffness in newly diagnosed hypertension. Forty-nine newly diagnosed hypertensive cases (median age 47 ± 6 years) and 48 normotensive patients (median age 47 ± 6 years) were enrolled to this study. Patients underwent echocardiography, noninvasive assessment of hemodynamic parameters using SphygmoCor tonometer (Atcor Med). The levels of the adipokines-leptin, adiponectin, and resistin-were investigated. The augmentation pressure, augmentation index, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were higher in patients with hypertension compared with controls (Ps < .05). Patients with hypertension had higher E/E' ratio, higher diameter of left atrium, and lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion compared with the control group (Ps < .05). Patients with hypertension had significant higher levels of leptin (ng/mL) and lower levels of adiponectin (μg/mL) compared with normotensive patients. The multivariate analysis showed that PWV (odds ratio [OR] 1.95, 95% CI, 1.2-2.9; P = .002) and leptin level (OR 1.01, 95% CI, 1.004-1.031; P = .01) were significantly associated with hypertension. Arterial stiffness as determined by PWV and leptin are associated with newly diagnosed hypertension. Elevated serum leptin level may influence the potential mechanism leading to sympathetic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.,Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Agata Sakowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Maciejewski
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.,Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
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Paduszyńska A, Sakowicz A, Banach M, Maciejewski M, Dąbrowa M, Bielecka-Dąbrowa A. Cardioprotective properties of leptin in patients with excessive body mass. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 189:1259-1265. [PMID: 32198598 PMCID: PMC7554003 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue is producing adipokines that play different roles in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Aims The study aimed to assess the role of selected biomarkers in hypertensive patients with overweight and obesity compared with those with normal body-mass index (BMI). Methods A total of 62 patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (median age 54 (46–58) yrs., 57% males) and 51 with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (median age 53 (48–59) yrs., 37% males) were enrolled. Biochemical parameters, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin; asymmetric dimethylarginine; interleukin 6; and N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen, were assessed in plasma. The evaluation of hemodynamic parameters was performed using SphygmoCor 9.0 tonometer. Echocardiography was performed using AlokaAlpha 10 Premier device. Results Overweight and obese patients had significantly higher concentration of leptin (34 vs 18 ng/ml; p = 0.03), ADMA (0.43 vs 0.38 μmol/l, p = 0.04), and lower concentration of adiponectin (5.3 vs 7 μg/ml, p = 0.01). The only significant difference in tonometry analysis was higher aortic pulse pressure (mmHg) in patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 group (34 vs 30; p = 0.03). These patients had also significantly lower peak systolic velocity and early diastolic velocity in tissue Doppler imaging of the right ventricle free wall at the level of the tricuspid annulus compared with controls (p = 0.02 and p = 0.001, respectively). The level of leptin is correlated negatively with the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (R Spearman = − 0.5; p = 0.002) and PWV (R = − 0.4; p = 0.01) and ADMA with total and LDL cholesterol (R = − 0.42; p = 0.008), and adiponectin is correlated positively with HDL cholesterol (R = 0.67; p = 0.0001). Conclusions Leptin concentrations were inversely proportional to LVMI and PWV in patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov study ID: NCT04175080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Paduszyńska
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Sakowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Maciejewski
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Dąbrowa
- Department of Biopharmacy, Chair of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Bielecka-Dąbrowa
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
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Li H, Zhan J, Liao B, Wang Y, Liu Y. Plasma levels of adiponectin and chemerin are associated with early stage of atherosclerosis in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aging Med (Milton) 2019; 2:198-206. [PMID: 34553107 PMCID: PMC8445043 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipokines, such as adiponectin and chemerin, regulate fat metabolism and are critical for the development of atherosclerosis. Investigating the correlations of adiponectin and chemerin with atherosclerosis in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) will shed light on the search for new markers for early diagnosis of diabetic atherosclerosis. METHODS A total of 120 older T2DM patients and nine healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The clinical parameters, such as brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV), adiponectin, and chemerin, were examined and recorded. T2DM subjects were divided into three groups according to ba-PWV level (high, medium, or low). The data were processed and analyzed by identical methods. RESULTS Significantly higher chemerin and lower adiponectin levels were detected in the plasma of T2DM patients than in healthy controls. The plasma levels of chemerin and adiponectin were negatively correlated in T2DM patients. Moreover, chemerin and adiponectin were significantly correlated with body mass index, ankle-brachial index, insulin, and ba-PWV. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that chemerin and adiponectin were independently affecting ba-PWV. CONCLUSION Adiponectin and chemerin are potential markers for diagnosis and monitoring of early stage of atherosclerosis in older adults with T2DM. Further clinical investigations are required to confirm these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Li
- Department of GeriatricsThe Hunan Provincial People's HospitalFirst Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Junkun Zhan
- Department of GeriatricsThe Second Xiang‐Ya HospitalInstitute of Aging and Geriatric ResearchCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of GeriatricsThe Hunan Provincial People's HospitalFirst Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- Department of GeriatricsThe Second Xiang‐Ya HospitalInstitute of Aging and Geriatric ResearchCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Youshuo Liu
- Department of GeriatricsThe Second Xiang‐Ya HospitalInstitute of Aging and Geriatric ResearchCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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15
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Saxton SN, Clark BJ, Withers SB, Eringa EC, Heagerty AM. Mechanistic Links Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Blood Pressure: Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1701-1763. [PMID: 31339053 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly prevalent and is associated with substantial cardiovascular risk. Adipose tissue distribution and morphology play a key role in determining the degree of adverse effects, and a key factor in the disease process appears to be the inflammatory cell population in adipose tissue. Healthy adipose tissue secretes a number of vasoactive adipokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and changes to this secretory profile will contribute to pathogenesis in obesity. In this review, we discuss the links between adipokine dysregulation and the development of hypertension and diabetes and explore the potential for manipulating adipose tissue morphology and its immune cell population to improve cardiovascular health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N Saxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben J Clark
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah B Withers
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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16
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Di Iorio A, Di Blasio A, Napolitano G, Ripari P, Paganelli R, Cipollone F. High fat mass, low muscle mass, and arterial stiffness in a population of free-living healthy subjects: The "al passo con la tua salute" project. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16172. [PMID: 31261548 PMCID: PMC6616375 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A progressive decline in lean body mass and increase in fat mass occur with aging, and result in progressive weakness and impaired mobility; these features are altogether landmarks of the ageing frailty syndrome. High-fat mass and low muscle mass are both associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and are supposed to be risk factors for arterial stiffness. Little data analyzing the relationship between body composition and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) are currently available. The main objective of this study was to verify whether low muscle mass and/or high fat mass could be associated with arterial stiffness measured by CAVI. METHODS Data are from the cross-sectional assessment of the "Al passo con la tua salute", a clinical study aimed to promote physical function among free-living elderly subjects.After a screening interview and a clinical visit aimed to exclude ineligible persons, 52 volunteers were enrolled in the study. All underwent: clinical examination, physical performance assessment, an interview on lifestyle and dietary habits, and lastly, a blood sample collection after at least 8 hours of fasting. RESULTS CAVI was statistically significantly higher in those participants in the highest tertile of distribution for fat mass compared to all other subjects (P = .03). In those participants in the lowest tertile of distribution of muscle mass, compared to all other, CAVI was also statistically significant higher (P = .01) independently of age, sex, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Low muscle mass and high fat mass were landmarks in the frailty model of aging; therefore, it is not inconsistent that both clinical conditions might share with the "aging vessel" a common pathway, probably mediated through signaling network deregulation and/or through alteration of the balance between energy availability and energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Di Iorio
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging, University Centre of Sports Medicine
| | - Andrea Di Blasio
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, Unit of Endocrinology
| | | | - Patrizio Ripari
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Medicine and Sports Cardiology, University Centre of Sports Medicine
| | - Roberto Paganelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, Immunology and Allergy Unit
| | - Francesco Cipollone
- Internal Medicine and Geriatric Unit; Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti, Italy
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Matsui M, Yoshikawa T, Mizushima R, Tanahashi K, Myoenzono K, Tanaka K, Maeda S. Association between duration of excessive weight and arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:213-217. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1619752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Matsui
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Ryoko Mizushima
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tanahashi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kanae Myoenzono
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kiyoji Tanaka
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Ramirez JL, Khetani SA, Zahner GJ, Spaulding KA, Schaller MS, Gasper WJ, Hills NK, Schafer AL, Grenon SM. Serum resistin is associated with impaired endothelial function and a higher rate of adverse cardiac events in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Vasc Surg 2018; 69:497-506. [PMID: 30292618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.05.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resistin is a hormone that has been associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. The role of resistin in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) has not been fully explored. This study seeks to understand the relationship between serum resistin, vascular function, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with PAD. METHODS There were 106 patients with PAD who were recruited between 2011 and 2016. Patients attended a baseline visit during which a comprehensive vascular physiology assessment including medical and surgical history, radial artery tonometry, and flow mediated-vasodilation (FMD) was completed. A blood sample was drawn, and serum resistin was assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Using the time of study enrollment as the time of origin, incident major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were identified by subsequent chart review and defined as a composite end point of myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, transient ischemic attack, stroke, or death from a cardiac cause. RESULTS Patients had a mean age of 68 ± 8 years, were largely white (75%), and had comorbidities commonly associated with PAD including hypertension (92%), hyperlipidemia (87%), coronary artery disease (37%), and diabetes mellitus (38%). After stratification by resistin quartile, higher resistin quartiles were significantly associated with an older age, a greater number of pack-years smoked, and a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. Despite similar comorbidities and medication use, endothelial function, as measured by FMD, was significantly lower with increasing resistin quartile (I, 9.1% ± 3.3%; II, 7.1% ± 3.5%; III, 5.8% ± 4.0%; IV, 5.6% ± 3.5%; P = .002). In multivariable linear regression, higher resistin quartiles (III and IV) were associated with lower FMD relative to quartile I after adjusting for several patient characteristics, medications, and comorbidities (III, -2.26 [95% confidence interval (CI), -4.51 to -0.01; P = .05]; IV, -2.53 [95% CI, -4.87 to -0.20; P = .03]). During a median follow-up period of 36 months (interquartile range, 29-45 months), 21 patients experienced the primary end point. In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for smoking status, coronary artery disease, and age, each 1 ng/mL increase in resistin was associated with a 10% increased risk of MACEs (hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.20; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS In patients with PAD, higher levels of resistin were associated with impaired endothelial function and an increased rate of MACEs. These results suggest that resistin may be a marker or effector of impaired vascular physiology and adverse cardiac outcomes in patients with PAD. Further research is needed to determine the potential mechanisms by which resistin may impair endothelial function and increase MACEs in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel L Ramirez
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Sukaynah A Khetani
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Greg J Zahner
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Kimberly A Spaulding
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Melinda S Schaller
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Warren J Gasper
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Nancy K Hills
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Anne L Schafer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
| | - S Marlene Grenon
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif.
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Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Leptin, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1176-1188. [PMID: 29877321 PMCID: PMC6289384 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin, an adipokine that is implicated in the control of food intake via appetite suppression, may also stimulate oxidative stress, inflammation, thrombosis, arterial stiffness, angiogenesis and atherogenesis. These leptin-induced effects may predispose to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In the present review we discuss the evidence linking leptin levels with the presence, severity and/or prognosis of both coronary artery disease and non-cardiac vascular diseases such as stroke, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) as well as with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Leptin levels have been positively associated with the presence, severity, extent and lesion complexity of coronary atherosclerosis as well as with the presence, severity and poor clinical outcomes of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. But conflicting results also exist. Furthermore, leptin was reported to independently predict common carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque instability. A link between hyperleptinemia and PAD has been reported, whereas limited data were available on the potential association between leptin and AAA. Elevated leptin concentrations have also been related to CKD incidence and progression as well as with insulin resistance, T2DM, micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications. Statins and antidiabetic drugs (including sitagliptin, metformin, pioglitazone, liraglutide and empagliflozin) may affect leptin levels. Further research is needed to establish the potential use (if any) of leptin as a therapeutic target in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Kuo CH, Lin YL, Lee CJ, Wang CH, Lai YH, Liou HH, Hsu BG. Hyperleptinemia positively associated with central arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190694. [PMID: 29304064 PMCID: PMC5755912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Leptin plays a role in stimulating vascular inflammation, vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy, and augmenting blood pressure, which contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and leads to arterial stiffness. This vascular damage, measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), is recognized as an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum leptin and arterial stiffness in HD patients. Patients and methods In 112 of the 126 HD patients were eligible and their biochemical data were collected for analysis. Serum leptin level was measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was measured by a validated tonometry system (SphygmoCor). Those have cfPWV values above 10 m/s are defined as the high arterial stiffness group. Results Among the participants, thirty-eight of them who were in the high arterial stiffness group, had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.002), age (p = 0.029), body mass index (BMI, p = 0.018), body fat mass (p = 0.001), hemoglobin (p = 0.040), and serum leptin levels (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that leptin (odds ratio [OR] 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.14; p <0.001), diabetes (OR 7.17; CI 1.39–37.00; p = 0.019), body fat mass (OR 1.16; CI 1.02–1.33; p = 0.027); and hemoglobin (OR 2.11; CI 1.15–3.87; p = 0.015) were independently associated with arterial stiffness in HD patients. Conclusion In our study, hyperleptinemia was positively correlated to the high cfPWV and thus was related to high arterial stiffness in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Huang Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Liou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hsin-Jen Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (BGH); (HHL)
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (BGH); (HHL)
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Opatrilova R, Caprnda M, Kubatka P, Valentova V, Uramova S, Nosal V, Gaspar L, Zachar L, Mozos I, Petrovic D, Dragasek J, Filipova S, Büsselberg D, Zulli A, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P, Krasnik V. Adipokines in neurovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 98:424-432. [PMID: 29278852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is now described as an endocrine organ secreting a number of adipokines contributing to the development of inflammation and metabolic imbalance, but also endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, atherosclerosis, and ischemic stroke. Leptin, adiponectin, and resistin are the most studied adipokines which play important roles in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. Leptin and adiponectin mediate both proatherogenic and antiatherogenic responses. Leptin and adiponectin have been linked to the development of coronary heart disease and may be involved in the underlying biological mechanism of ischemic stroke. Resistin, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is predictive of atherosclerosis and poor clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke. The changes in serum levels of novel adipokines apelin, visfatin are also associated with acute ischemic stroke. These adipokines have been proposed as potential prognostic biomarkers of cardiovascular mortality/morbidity and therapeutic targets in patients with cardiometabolic diseases. In this article, we summarize the biologic role of the adipokines and discuss the link between dysfunctional adipose tissue and metabolic/inflammation imbalance, consequently endothelial damage, progression of atherosclerotic disease, and the occurrence of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Opatrilova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | | | - Sona Uramova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Nosal
- Department of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Gaspar
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Zachar
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Petrovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jozef Dragasek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Slavomira Filipova
- Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Centre for Chronic Disease (CCD), College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne´s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Krasnik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Zachariah JP, Rong J, Larson MG, Hamburg NM, Benjamin EJ, Vasan RS, Mitchell GF. Metabolic Predictors of Change in Vascular Function: Prospective Associations From a Community-Based Cohort. Hypertension 2017; 71:237-242. [PMID: 29279312 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular function varies with age because of physiological and pathological factors. We examined relations of longitudinal change in vascular function with change in metabolic traits. Longitudinal changes in vascular function and metabolic traits were examined in 5779 participants (mean age, 49.8±14.5 years; 54% women) who attended sequential examinations of the Framingham Offspring, Third Generation, and Omni-1 and Omni-2 cohorts. Multivariable regression analysis related changes in vascular measures (dependent variables), including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV), forward pressure wave amplitude, characteristic impedance, central pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure (MAP), with change in body mass index, fasting total:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, serum triglycerides, and blood glucose. Analyses accounted for baseline value of each vascular and metabolic measure, MAP change, and multiple comparisons. On follow-up (mean, 5.9±0.6 years), aortic stiffness (CFPWV, 0.2±1.6 m/s), and pressure pulsatility (forward pressure wave, 1.2±12.4 mm Hg; characteristic impedance, 23±73 dyne×sec/cm5; central pulse pressure, 2.6±14.7 mm Hg; all P<0.0001) increased, whereas MAP fell (-3±10 mm Hg; P<0.0001). Worsening of each metabolic trait was associated with increases in CFPWV and MAP (P<0.0001 for all associations) and an increase in MAP was associated with an increase in CFPWV. Overall, worsening metabolic traits were associated with worsening aortic stiffness and MAP. Opposite net change in aortic stiffness and MAP suggests that factors other than distending pressure contributed to the observed increase in aortic stiffness. Change in metabolic traits explained a greater proportion of the change in CFPWV and MAP than baseline metabolic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Zachariah
- From the Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (J.P.Z.); Department of Biostatistics (J.R., M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), School of Public Health, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (N.M.H., E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University's and National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute's Framingham Heart Study (J.R., M.G.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Department of Mathematics (M.G.L.), Boston University, MA; and Cardiovascular Engineering Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.).
| | - Jian Rong
- From the Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (J.P.Z.); Department of Biostatistics (J.R., M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), School of Public Health, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (N.M.H., E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University's and National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute's Framingham Heart Study (J.R., M.G.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Department of Mathematics (M.G.L.), Boston University, MA; and Cardiovascular Engineering Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.)
| | - Martin G Larson
- From the Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (J.P.Z.); Department of Biostatistics (J.R., M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), School of Public Health, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (N.M.H., E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University's and National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute's Framingham Heart Study (J.R., M.G.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Department of Mathematics (M.G.L.), Boston University, MA; and Cardiovascular Engineering Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.)
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- From the Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (J.P.Z.); Department of Biostatistics (J.R., M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), School of Public Health, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (N.M.H., E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University's and National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute's Framingham Heart Study (J.R., M.G.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Department of Mathematics (M.G.L.), Boston University, MA; and Cardiovascular Engineering Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.)
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- From the Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (J.P.Z.); Department of Biostatistics (J.R., M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), School of Public Health, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (N.M.H., E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University's and National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute's Framingham Heart Study (J.R., M.G.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Department of Mathematics (M.G.L.), Boston University, MA; and Cardiovascular Engineering Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.)
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- From the Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (J.P.Z.); Department of Biostatistics (J.R., M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), School of Public Health, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (N.M.H., E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University's and National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute's Framingham Heart Study (J.R., M.G.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Department of Mathematics (M.G.L.), Boston University, MA; and Cardiovascular Engineering Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.)
| | - Gary F Mitchell
- From the Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (J.P.Z.); Department of Biostatistics (J.R., M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), School of Public Health, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (N.M.H., E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University's and National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute's Framingham Heart Study (J.R., M.G.L., E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Department of Mathematics (M.G.L.), Boston University, MA; and Cardiovascular Engineering Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.)
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Serum resistin as an independent marker of aortic stiffness in patients with coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183123. [PMID: 28806778 PMCID: PMC5555662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subjects with higher carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) will be at an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) events in future. Resistin is an inflammatory mediator and a biomarker of CV diseases. We evaluated the association between serum resistin and aortic stiffness in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods A total of 104 patients with CAD were enrolled in this study. cfPWV was measured using the SphygmoCor system. Patients with cfPWV >10 m/s were defined as the high aortic stiffness group. Results Thirty-seven patients (35.6%) had high aortic stiffness and higher percentages of diabetes (p = 0.001), were of older age (p = 0.001) and had higher waist circumference (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.027), pulse pressure (p = 0.013), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) and resistin levels (p < 0.001) but lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.009) compared to subjects with low aortic stiffness. After adjusting for factors significantly associated with aortic stiffness by multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum resistin (odds ratio = 1.275, 95% confidence interval: 1.065–1.527, p = 0.008) was also found to be an independent predictor of aortic stiffness in patients with CAD. Conclusions Serum resistin level is a biomarker for aortic stiffness in patients with CAD.
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Moh MC, Sum CF, Tavintharan S, Ang K, Lee SBM, Tang WE, Lim SC. Baseline predictors of aortic stiffness progression among multi-ethnic Asians with type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2017; 260:102-109. [PMID: 28376407 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This 3-year prospective study aimed to identify baseline parameters that predicted the progression of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), which was used to evaluate aortic stiffness, among Singapore's multi-ethnic Asians with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS The cf-PWV was measured by the gold-standard tonometry method in 994 T2DM subjects at baseline and follow-up. The annual rate of cf-PWV change was calculated, and individuals above the 90th percentile with rate≥1.42 m/s per year were regarded as rapid progressors (n = 104). In a subgroup analysis of subjects with normal cf-PWV at 1st visit (n = 611), incident aortic stiffness was defined as follow-up cf-PWV≥10 m/s (n = 188). RESULTS The total cohort (mean age:57 ± 10 years; 53.4% Chinese, 20.4% Malay, 22.9% Indian, 3.2% 'Others') displayed a median annual cf-PWV progression rate of 0.2 m/s. Adjusted multivariate regression analyses showed that baseline age, cf-PWV and body mass index (BMI) constantly predicted follow-up cf-PWV, annual cf-PWV progression rate, rapid cf-PWV progression, and incident aortic stiffness. Paradoxically, lower baseline cf-PWV was associated with elevated annual cf-PWV progression rate and rapid progressors. This inverse relationship remained significant across ethnicities after ethnic stratification. Higher BMI independently predicted cf-PWV progression in Chinese and Indians, but not in Malay and 'Others' ethnic groups. Increased age was a significant predictor in Chinese and 'Others' ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that baseline BMI is a modifiable independent risk factor of cf-PWV progression and incident aortic stiffness. Therefore, better obesity management may impede aortic stiffness in Singapore's T2DM patients, especially in the Chinese and Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chung Moh
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore 768828, Singapore
| | - Chee Fang Sum
- Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore 768828, Singapore
| | | | - Keven Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore 768828, Singapore
| | - Simon Biing Ming Lee
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, 3 Fusionopolis Link, Nexus@one-north, South Tower, # 05-10, Singapore 138543, Singapore
| | - Wern Ee Tang
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, 3 Fusionopolis Link, Nexus@one-north, South Tower, # 05-10, Singapore 138543, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore 768828, Singapore.
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25
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Abstract
Leptin is a 167-amino-acid protein released by white adipose tissue and encoded by the obese gene. It has a role as a negative regulator of appetite control through sending a satiety signal to act on receptors within the hypothalamus. At normal levels, leptin can exert its effects on weight regulation according to white fat mass, induce sodium excretion, maintain vascular tone, and repair the myocardium. Beyond these effects, elevated serum leptin levels have been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and multiple cardiovascular diseases. In addition, hyperleptinemia had been reported to contribute to renal diseases through multiple mechanisms resulting in glomerulopathy presenting with a decreased glomerular filtration rate, increased albuminuria, and related clinical symptoms, which are pathophysiological features of chronic kidney disease. Because these cardiovascular and metabolic disorders are great challenges for physicians, understanding the related pathophysiological association with leptin might become a valuable aid in handling patients in daily clinical practice. This review will discuss the roles of leptin in the regulation of biological functions of multiple organs beyond the maintenance of feeding and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Pi Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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26
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Circulating resistin concentrations are independently associated with aortic pulse wave velocity in a community sample. J Hypertens 2016; 34:274-81. [PMID: 26867055 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The role of the adipokine, resistin in mediating increases in aortic stiffness is uncertain. We aimed to determine independent relations between circulating resistin concentrations and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and wave reflection in a community-based sample with a high prevalence of untreated hypertension and obesity. METHODS Plasma resistin, adiponectin, and C-reactive protein concentrations (ELISA); carotid-femoral (aortic) PWV and the aortic reflected wave index (applanation tonometry and SphygmoCor software) were determined in 683 randomly selected participants of African ancestry from SOWETO, South Africa who had never received antihypertensive therapy. RESULTS Resistin concentrations were not independently associated with office or 24-h (n = 492) blood pressure (BP). In a stepwise regression model with BMI included in the model, age (P < 0.0001), mean arterial pressure (P < 0.0001), plasma resistin concentrations (P < 0.005), female sex (P = 0.01), and creatinine concentrations (P < 0.01) contributed independently to variations in PWV. Independent relations between resistin concentrations and PWV persisted with further adjustments for C-reactive protein concentrations (P < 0.005), and the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (P < 0.02). Similar relations were noted with waist circumference rather than BMI in the model. Resistin concentrations were not independently associated with aortic reflected wave index or aortic BP. CONCLUSION Resistin is independently and directly associated with aortic stiffness and these effects occur beyond BP, insulin resistance, and general inflammation.
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Álvarez Aliaga A, González Aguilera JC, Maceo Gómez LDR. Factors associated to hypertensive heart disease development: a prospective cohort study in Bayamo, Cuba. Medwave 2016; 16:e6492. [PMID: 27571318 DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2016.06.6492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among the conditions resulting from target organ damage by arterial hypertension, hypertensive cardiopathy is the one that exhibits the highest morbidity and mortality rates. Its prevention should be a target of all high blood pressure medical care programs. OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for the development of hypertensive cardiopathy. METHODS A prospective cohort study was carried out in hypertensive patients assisted at the specialized arterial hypertension physicians offices of the Carlos Manuel de Céspedes Specialty Policlinic attached to the General University Hospital, Bayamo Municipality, Granma Province, Cuba, from January 1st, 2000 to December 31st, 2009. RESULTS Multivariate analysis done to estimate the hazard rate (HR) of developing hypertensive cardiopathy, showed significant independent statistic association for most factors. The first place was occupied by lack of blood pressure control (HR=2.022; 95% CI: 1.659-2.465; p<0.005), followed by hypertension stage 2 (HR=2.015; 95% CI: 1.715-2.366; p<0.005). Another factors with significant HRs were microalbuminuria (HR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.6-2.2) and age over 60 years (HR=1.6; 95% CI: 1.4-1.9). CONCLUSIONS Several risk factors must be considered for the prevention of hypertensive heart disease in high blood pressure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Álvarez Aliaga
- Hospital Universitario Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, Bayamo, Granma, Cuba. Address: Carretera Central Km 1, Vía Santiago de Cuba, Bayamo, Granma, Cuba.
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28
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Tsai JP, Wang JH, Chen ML, Yang CF, Chen YC, Hsu BG. Association of serum leptin levels with central arterial stiffness in coronary artery disease patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:80. [PMID: 27151106 PMCID: PMC4857286 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum adipokines have roles in the development of arterial stiffness. Our aim was to investigate the relationship of leptin and the surrogate marker carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods Fasting blood samples were obtained from 105 CAD patients. cfPWV was measured with the SphygmoCor system. A cfPWV > 10 m/s was defined as high arterial stiffness, and ≤ 10 m/s as low arterial stiffness. Results Thirty-seven patients (35.2 %) had high arterial stiffness, and had a higher percentage of diabetes (P = 0.001), hypertension (P = 0.010), older age (P = 0.001), and higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.021), pulse pressure (P = 0.014), and serum leptin level (P = 0.002) compared to patients with low arterial stiffness. Serum leptin levels correlated with the number of angiographically documented stenotic coronary artery vessels (P < 0.001). After adjusting for factors significantly associated with arterial stiffness, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that leptin (odds ratio = 1.026, 95 % confidence interval: 1.002–1.051, P = 0.037) was a significant independent predictor of arterial stiffness. Conclusions Increasing serum concentration of leptin correlated positively with the total number of stenotic coronary arteries, and serum leptin level may predict the development of arterial stiffness in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Pi Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Hung Wang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Fen Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan. .,Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Tsai JP, Lee MC, Le MC, Chen YC, Ho GJ, Shih MH, Hsu BG. Hyperleptinemia Is a Risk Factor for the Development of Central Arterial Stiffness in Kidney Transplant Patients. Transplant Proc 2016; 47:1825-30. [PMID: 26293058 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness could cause adverse outcomes in kidney transplant (KT) patients. Leptin has a role in influencing vascular smooth muscle that may contribute to atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fasting serum leptin concentration and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in KT patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fasting blood samples were obtained from 55 KT patients and 65 subjects from the outpatient department were enrolled as the control group. The cfPWV values of >10 m/s were used to define as the high arterial stiffness group and <10 m/s as the low arterial stiffness group. The predictive ability of leptin for arterial stiffness of KT was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Kidney transplant patients had lower hemoglobin, but higher blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, intact parathyroid hormone levels, and leptin levels than controls. Although cfPWV levels were higher in KT patients, there is no difference of cfPWV levels between KT patients and control (P = .595). Fifteen KT patients (27.3%) were defined in the high arterial stiffness group, and serum leptin level was higher in the high arterial stiffness group compared with the low arterial stiffness group in KT patients (P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that leptin (odds ratio: 1.044, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.016-1.072, P = .002) was an independent predictor of arterial stiffness in KT patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the ROC curve predicting arterial stiffness in KT patients were 73.33%, 87.5%, 68.7%, 89.7%, and 0.828 (95% CI: 0.703-0.917, P < .001), and the leptin cut-off value was 74.14 ng/mL. CONCLUSION Serum fasting leptin level could predict the development of central arterial stiffness of KT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Dalin Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | - M C Le
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Y C Chen
- Department of Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - G J Ho
- Department of Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - M H Shih
- Department of Nursing, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - B G Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
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30
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Toklu HZ, Muller-Delp J, Sakaraya Y, Oktay S, Kirichenko N, Matheny M, Carter CS, Morgan D, Strehler KYE, Tumer N, Scarpace PJ. High dietary fructose does not exacerbate the detrimental consequences of high fat diet on basilar artery function. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE POLISH PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2016; 67:205-216. [PMID: 27226180 PMCID: PMC5572808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the effects of a high fat (HF) diet alone or with high fructose (HF/F) on functional and structural changes in the basilar arteries and cardiovascular health parameters in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed either a HF (30%) or HF/F (30/40%) diet for 12 weeks. The basilar artery was cannulated in a pressurized system (90 cm H2O) and vascular responses to KCl (30 - 120 mM), endothelin (10(-11) - 10(-7) M), acetylcholine (ACh) (10(-10) - 10(-4) M), diethylamine (DEA)-NONO-ate (10(-10) - 10(-4) M), and papaverine (10(-10) - 10(-4) M) were evaluated. Rats were also monitored for food intake, body weight, blood lipids, blood pressure, and heart rate. At death, asymmetrical dimethyl arginine level (ADMA) and leptin were assayed in serum. Although there was no significant difference in weight gain and food intake, HF and HF/F diets increased body fat composition and decreased the lean mass. HF/F diet accelerated the development of dyslipidemia. Although resting blood pressure remained unchanged, stress caused a significant elevation in blood pressure and a modest increase in heart rate in HF fed rats. Both HF and HF/F diet resulted in decreased response to endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation, whereas increased basilar artery wall thickness was observed only in HF group. Serum leptin levels positively correlated with wall thickness. Moreover serum ADMA was increased and eNOS immunofluorescence was significantly decreased with both diets. These data suggest that the presence of high fructose in a HF diet does not exacerbate the detrimental consequences of a HF diet on basilar artery function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Z Toklu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J Muller-Delp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Y Sakaraya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S Oktay
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
- School of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Kirichenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - M Matheny
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C S Carter
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - K Y E Strehler
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - N Tumer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - P J Scarpace
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Abstract
Adipokines are hormones produced by adipocytes and have been involved in multiple pathologic pathways, including inflammatory and cardiovascular complications in essential hypertension. Arterial stiffness is a frequent vascular complication that represents increased cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients. Adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin and resistin, might be implicated in hypertension, as well as in vascular alterations associated with this condition. Arterial stiffness has proven to be a predictor of cardiovascular events. Obesity and target-organ damage such as arterial stiffness are features associated with hypertension. This review aims to update the association between adipokines and arterial stiffness in essential and resistant hypertension (RHTN).
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Palombo C, Kozakova M. Arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk: Pathophysiologic mechanisms and emerging clinical indications. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 77:1-7. [PMID: 26643779 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness results from a degenerative process affecting mainly the extracellular matrix of elastic arteries under the effect of aging and risk factors. Changes in extracellular matrix proteins and in the mechanical properties of the vessel wall related to arterial stiffening may activate number of mechanisms involved also in the process of atherosclerosis. Several noninvasive methods are now available to estimate large artery stiffness in the clinical setting, including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, the reference for aortic stiffness estimate, and local distensibility measures of superficial arteries, namely carotid and femoral. An independent predictive value of arterial stiffness for cardiovascular events has been demonstrated in general as well as in selected populations, and reference values adjusted for age and blood pressure have been established. Thus, arterial stiffness is emerging as an interesting tissue biomarker for cardiovascular risk stratification and estimation of the individual "biological age". This paper overviews the mechanisms accounting for development and progression of arterial stiffness and for associations between arterial stiffness, atherosclerotic burden and incident cardiovascular events, summarizes the evidence and caveat for clinical use of stiffness as surrogate marker of cardiovascular risk, and briefly outlines some emerging methods for large artery stiffness characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Palombo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Michaela Kozakova
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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Climie RED, Moran C, Callisaya M, Blizzard L, Sharman JE, Venn A, Phan TG, Beare R, Forbes J, Blackburn NB, Srikanth V. Abdominal Obesity and Brain Atrophy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142589. [PMID: 26560876 PMCID: PMC4641595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with gray matter atrophy. Adiposity and physical inactivity are risk factors for T2D and brain atrophy. We studied whether the associations of T2D with total gray matter volume (GMV) and hippocampal volume (HV) are dependent on obesity and physical activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we measured waist-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), mean steps/day and brain volumes in a community dwelling cohort of people with and without T2D. Using multivariable linear regression, we examined whether WHR, BMI and physical activity mediated or modified the association between T2D, GMV and HV. RESULTS There were 258 participants with (mean age 67 ± 7 years) and 302 without (mean age 72 ± 7 years) T2D. Adjusting for age, sex and intracranial volume, T2D was independently associated with lower total GMV (p = 0.001) and HV (p<0.001), greater WHR (p<0.001) and BMI (p<0.001), and lower mean steps/day (p = 0.002). After adjusting for covariates, the inclusion of BMI and mean steps/day did not significantly affect the T2D-GMV association, but WHR attenuated it by 32% while remaining independently associated with lower GMV (p<0.01). The T2D-HV association was minimally changed by the addition of BMI, steps/day or WHR in the model. No statistical interactions were observed between T2D and measures of obesity and physical activity in explaining brain volumes. CONCLUSIONS Abdominal obesity or its downstream effects may partially mediate the adverse effect of T2D on brain atrophy. This requires confirmation in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. D. Climie
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Chris Moran
- Stroke and Ageing Research Group, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Aged Care, Caulfield General Medical Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michele Callisaya
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Stroke and Ageing Research Group, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - James E. Sharman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Thanh G. Phan
- Stroke and Ageing Research Group, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Beare
- Stroke and Ageing Research Group, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josephine Forbes
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, TRI, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas B. Blackburn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Stroke and Ageing Research Group, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Brunner EJ, Shipley MJ, Ahmadi-Abhari S, Tabak AG, McEniery CM, Wilkinson IB, Marmot MG, Singh-Manoux A, Kivimaki M. Adiposity, obesity, and arterial aging: longitudinal study of aortic stiffness in the Whitehall II cohort. Hypertension 2015; 66:294-300. [PMID: 26056335 PMCID: PMC4490910 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We sought to determine whether adiposity in later midlife is an independent predictor of accelerated stiffening of the aorta. Whitehall II study participants (3789 men; 1383 women) underwent carotid-femoral applanation tonometry at the mean age of 66 and again 4 years later. General adiposity by body mass index, central adiposity by waist circumference and waist:hip ratio, and fat mass percent by body impedance were assessed 5 years before and at baseline. In linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and mean arterial pressure, all adiposity measures were associated with aortic stiffening measured as increase in pulse wave velocity (PWV) between baseline and follow-up. The associations were similar in the metabolically healthy and unhealthy, according to Adult Treatment Panel-III criteria excluding waist circumference. C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels accounted for part of the longitudinal association between adiposity and PWV change. Adjusting for chronic disease, antihypertensive medication and risk factors, standardized effects of general and central adiposity and fat mass percent on PWV increase (m/s) were similar (0.14, 95% confidence interval: 0.05-0.24, P=0.003; 0.17, 0.08-0.27, P<0.001; 0.14, 0.05-0.22, P=0.002, respectively). Previous adiposity was associated with aortic stiffening independent of change in adiposity, glycaemia, and lipid levels across PWV assessments. We estimated that the body mass index-linked PWV increase will account for 12% of the projected increase in cardiovascular risk because of high body mass index. General and central adiposity in later midlife were strong independent predictors of aortic stiffening. Our findings suggest that adiposity is an important and potentially modifiable determinant of arterial aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Brunner
- From the UCL Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom (E.J.B., M.J.S., S.A.-A., A.G.T., C.M.M., M.G.M., A.S.-M., M.K.); Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (A.G.T.); Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.M., J.B.W.); INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment, France (A.S.-M.).
| | - Martin J Shipley
- From the UCL Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom (E.J.B., M.J.S., S.A.-A., A.G.T., C.M.M., M.G.M., A.S.-M., M.K.); Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (A.G.T.); Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.M., J.B.W.); INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment, France (A.S.-M.)
| | - Sara Ahmadi-Abhari
- From the UCL Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom (E.J.B., M.J.S., S.A.-A., A.G.T., C.M.M., M.G.M., A.S.-M., M.K.); Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (A.G.T.); Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.M., J.B.W.); INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment, France (A.S.-M.)
| | - Adam G Tabak
- From the UCL Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom (E.J.B., M.J.S., S.A.-A., A.G.T., C.M.M., M.G.M., A.S.-M., M.K.); Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (A.G.T.); Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.M., J.B.W.); INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment, France (A.S.-M.)
| | - Carmel M McEniery
- From the UCL Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom (E.J.B., M.J.S., S.A.-A., A.G.T., C.M.M., M.G.M., A.S.-M., M.K.); Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (A.G.T.); Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.M., J.B.W.); INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment, France (A.S.-M.)
| | - Ian B Wilkinson
- From the UCL Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom (E.J.B., M.J.S., S.A.-A., A.G.T., C.M.M., M.G.M., A.S.-M., M.K.); Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (A.G.T.); Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.M., J.B.W.); INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment, France (A.S.-M.)
| | - Michael G Marmot
- From the UCL Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom (E.J.B., M.J.S., S.A.-A., A.G.T., C.M.M., M.G.M., A.S.-M., M.K.); Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (A.G.T.); Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.M., J.B.W.); INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment, France (A.S.-M.)
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- From the UCL Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom (E.J.B., M.J.S., S.A.-A., A.G.T., C.M.M., M.G.M., A.S.-M., M.K.); Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (A.G.T.); Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.M., J.B.W.); INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment, France (A.S.-M.)
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- From the UCL Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom (E.J.B., M.J.S., S.A.-A., A.G.T., C.M.M., M.G.M., A.S.-M., M.K.); Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (A.G.T.); Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.M.M., J.B.W.); INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment, France (A.S.-M.)
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35
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Association between plasma adiponectin and arteriolar vessel caliber among elderly hypertensive subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 9:620-627.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Gil-Ortega M, Martín-Ramos M, Arribas SM, González MC, Aránguez I, Ruiz-Gayo M, Somoza B, Fernández-Alfonso MS. Arterial stiffness is associated with adipokine dysregulation in non-hypertensive obese mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 77:38-47. [PMID: 26028606 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize alterations in vascular structure and mechanics in murine mesenteric arteries from obese non-hypertensive mice, as well as their relationship with adipokines. Four-week old C57BL/6J male mice were assigned either to a control (C, 10% kcal from fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% kcal from fat) for 32weeks. HFD animals weighed 30% more than controls (p<0.001), exhibited similar blood pressure, increased leptin, insulin and superoxide anion (O2(-)) levels, and reduced adiponectin levels and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Arterial structure showed an outward remodeling with an increase in total number of both adventitial and smooth muscle cells in HFD. Moreover, HFD mice exhibited an increased arterial stiffness assessed by β-values (C=2.4±0.5 vs HFD=5.3±0.8; p<0.05) and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV, C=3.4±0.1 vs HFD=3.9±0.1; p<0.05). β-Values and PWV positively correlated with leptin, insulin or O2(-) levels, whereas they negatively correlated with adiponectin levels and NO bioavailability (p<0.01). A reduction in fenestrae number together with an increase in type-I collagen amount (p<0.05) were observed in HFD. These data demonstrate that HFD accounts for the development of vascular remodeling and arterial stiffness associated with adipokine dysregulation and oxidative stress, independently of hypertension development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Martín-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia M Arribas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Aránguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María S Fernández-Alfonso
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Strasser B, Arvandi M, Pasha EP, Haley AP, Stanforth P, Tanaka H. Abdominal obesity is associated with arterial stiffness in middle-aged adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:495-502. [PMID: 25770757 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The relation between adiposity and arterial stiffness remains controversial. We determined whether abdominal and visceral adipose tissue may be a better predictor of arterial stiffness than general obesity in middle-aged adults. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 146 participants (76 men, 70 women; 50 years) were studied. The automatic vascular screening device (Omron VP-1000plus) was used to measure blood pressure simultaneously in the arms and ankles and to determine arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV). Using multiple linear regressions, the relations between indicators of obesity and arterial stiffness were examined after adjustment for confounders. Both carotid-femoral PWV and brachial-ankle PWV were significantly associated with BMI (both P < 0.05) but not with body fat percentage. Measures of abdominal obesity, including waist circumference and visceral fat mass (via DXA), were strongly associated with PWV and remained positively associated with arterial stiffness after adjustment for age and gender. Cardiovascular fitness as assessed by maximal oxygen consumption was related to body fat percentage but not with visceral fat. More favorable cardiovascular health profile was associated with both lower visceral fat mass and PWV (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Abdominal obesity and visceral fat are associated with large artery stiffness. These findings support the importance of adiposity measures as a risk factor for arterial stiffening in middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Strasser
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Nutritional Sciences and Physiology, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tyrol, Austria.
| | - M Arvandi
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
| | - E P Pasha
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - A P Haley
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - P Stanforth
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - H Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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38
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Joint scientific statement of the European Association for the Study of Obesity and the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens 2015; 33:425-34. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kantorová E, Jesenská Ľ, Čierny D, Zeleňák K, Sivák Š, Stančík M, Galajda P, Nosáľ V, Kurča E. The Intricate Network of Adipokines and Stroke. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:967698. [PMID: 26783391 PMCID: PMC4689915 DOI: 10.1155/2015/967698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disorders, particularly ischemic stroke, are one of the most common neurological disorders. High rates of overweight and obesity support an interest in the role of adipose tissue and adipose tissue releasing cytokines in inducing associated comorbidities. Adipokines can serve as a key messenger to central energy homeostasis and metabolic homeostasis. They can contribute to the crosstalk between adipose tissue and brain. However recent research has offered ambiguous data on the network of adipose tissue, adipokines, and vascular disorders. In our paper we provide a critical insight into the role of adipokines in evolution of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Kantorová
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Clinic of Neurology, Malá Hora 4A, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
- *Ema Kantorová:
| | - Ľubica Jesenská
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Malá Hora 4A, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Čierny
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Malá Hora 4A, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Zeleňák
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Clinic of Radiodiagnostics, Malá Hora 4A, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Sivák
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Clinic of Neurology, Malá Hora 4A, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Matej Stančík
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Malá Hora 4A, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Galajda
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Malá Hora 4A, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Nosáľ
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Clinic of Neurology, Malá Hora 4A, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Egon Kurča
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Clinic of Neurology, Malá Hora 4A, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Lee MC, Chen YC, Ho GJ, Shih MH, Chou KC, Hsu BG. Serum leptin levels positively correlate with peripheral arterial stiffness in kidney transplantation patients. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:353-8. [PMID: 24655962 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.11.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin is a protein predominantly produced by adipocytes that plays a pathophysiologic role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fasting serum leptin levels and peripheral arterial stiffness among kidney transplant (KT) patients. METHODS Fasting blood samples were obtained from 74 KT patients. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured in the right or left brachial artery to the ankle segments using an automatic pulse wave analyzer (VaSera VS-1000). Plasma leptin levels were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. In this study, left or right baPWV values of less than 14.0 m/s were used to define the high arterial stiffness group. RESULTS Forty KT patients (54.1%) were defined in high arterial stiffness group. Hypertension (P < .010), diabetes (P < .010), age (P = .010), KT duration (P = .013), triglyceride levels (P = .016), systolic blood pressure (P < .001), waist circumference (P = .031), and leptin level (P < .001) were higher, whereas serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (P = .030) was lower in the high arterial stiffness group compared with the low arterial stiffness group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that leptin (odds ratio, 1.033; 95% CI, 1.004-1.062; P = .023), KT duration (odds ratio, 1.023; 95% CI, 1.004-1.044; P = .020), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (odds ratio, 0.925; 95% CI, 0.872-0.982; P = .010) were the independent predictors of peripheral arterial stiffness in KT patients. CONCLUSIONS Serum fasting leptin level was positively associated with peripheral arterial stiffness among KT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-C Lee
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Chen
- Department of Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - G-J Ho
- Department of Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - M-H Shih
- Department of Nursing, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - K-C Chou
- Department of Nursing, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - B-G Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Canepa M, AlGhatrif M, Pestelli G, Kankaria R, Makrogiannis S, Strait JB, Brunelli C, Lakatta EG, Ferrucci L. Impact of central obesity on the estimation of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:1209-17. [PMID: 24637912 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have found that central obesity is associated with higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). However, traveled distance (TD) measured over the body surface can be substantially overestimated with wider waist circumference (WC). We sought to investigate whether central obesity biases the estimation of PWV and whether this bias explains the association between PWV and different measures of adiposity. METHODS Seven hundred eleven participants (49.5% men) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging with PWV, anthropometrics, and quantification of different fat depots by computed tomography and dual x-ray absorptiometry were included. TD and relative PWV were estimated with a tape measure over the body surface or linear distances taken from radiological images, unaffected by obesity. RESULTS A significant association was found between wider WC and a greater difference between the 2 TD measurements and their respective PWV in both sexes (r ≥ 0.34; P < 0.001). This overestimation bias appeared to be generally higher in women than men (0.27 m/sec for each unit increase in WC; P < 0.0001). When TD estimated over the body surface was used to calculate PWV, greater WC, total body fat, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat were all associated with higher PWV (P < 0.05 for all). However, when PWV was calculated using TD estimated from radiological images or body height, only the association with visceral fat held significant. CONCLUSIONS When TD is measured over the body surface, the role of obesity on PWV is substantially overestimated. After accounting for this bias, PWV was still independently associated with visceral fat but not with other measures of adiposity, confirming its contribution to arterial stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Majd AlGhatrif
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Human Cardiovascular Studies Unit, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Gabriele Pestelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Rohan Kankaria
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Human Cardiovascular Studies Unit, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sokratis Makrogiannis
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James B Strait
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Human Cardiovascular Studies Unit, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Claudio Brunelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Human Cardiovascular Studies Unit, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Ho GJ, Lee MC, Lee CJ, Chen YC, Hsu BG. Hypoadiponectinemia correlates with arterial stiffness in kidney transplantation patients. Clin Exp Nephrol 2014; 19:534-41. [PMID: 25037242 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-014-1010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is a fat-derived hormone produced and secreted exclusively by adipocytes that have anti-atherosclerotic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fasting serum adiponectin levels and arterial stiffness among kidney transplant (KT) patients. METHODS Fasting blood samples were obtained from 69 KT patients. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured in the right or left brachial artery to the ankle segments using an automatic pulse wave analyzer. Plasma adiponectin levels were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Left or right baPWV values of >14.0 m/s were used to define the high arterial stiffness group. RESULTS Thirty-five KT patients (35/69; 50.7 %) were defined in high arterial stiffness group. Diabetes (P = 0.013), smoking (P = 0.001), KT duration (P < 0.001), body weight (P = 0.013), waist circumference (P = 0.013), body mass index (P = 0.001), fasting glucose (P = 0.013), systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.008), and pulse pressure (P = 0.003) were higher, while serum adiponectin level (P = 0.004) was lower in high arterial stiffness group compared with low arterial stiffness group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that adiponectin (odds ratio 0.90, 95 % confidence interval 0.81-0.99, P = 0.034) was still the independent predictors of arterial stiffness among the KT patients. CONCLUSION Serum fasting adiponectin level was inversely associated with arterial stiffness among KT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Jin Ho
- Department of Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Lee
- Department of Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi College of Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Cheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 707, Section 3, Chung-Yang Raod, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Canepa M, Ameri P, AlGhatrif M, Pestelli G, Milaneschi Y, Strait JB, Giallauria F, Ghigliotti G, Brunelli C, Lakatta EG, Ferrucci L. Role of bone mineral density in the inverse relationship between body size and aortic calcification: results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:169-75. [PMID: 24842457 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a J-shaped relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular outcomes in elderly patients (obesity paradox). Whether low BMI correlates with aortic calcification (AC) and whether this association is accounted for by bone demineralization is uncertain. METHODS Presence of AC was evaluated in 687 community-dwelling individuals (49% male, mean age 67 ± 13 years) using CT images of the thoracic, upper and lower abdominal aorta, and scored from 0 to 3 according to number of sites that showed any calcification. Whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Predictors of AC were assessed by logistic regression, and the role of BMD using mediation analysis. RESULTS Age and cardiovascular risk factors were positively associated while both BMI (r = -0.11, p < 0.01) and BMD (r = -0.17, p < 0.0001) were negatively associated with AC severity. In multivariate models, lower BMI (OR 0.96, 95%CI 0.92-0.99, p = 0.01), older age, higher systolic blood pressure, use of lipid-lowering drugs and smoking were independent predictors of AC. A nonlinear relationship between BMI and AC was noticed (p = 0.03), with decreased AC severity among overweight participants. After adjusting for BMD, the coefficient relating BMI to AC was reduced by 14% and was no longer significant, whereas BMD remained negatively associated with AC (OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.069-0.96, p = 0.01), with a trend for a stronger relationship in older participants. CONCLUSION Low BMI is associated with increased AC, possibly through calcium mobilization from bone, resulting in low BMD. Prevention of weight loss and bone demineralization with aging may help reducing AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Canepa
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Human Cardiovascular Studies Unit, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Majd AlGhatrif
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Human Cardiovascular Studies Unit, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabriele Pestelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James B Strait
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Human Cardiovascular Studies Unit, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Giallauria
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Claudio Brunelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Human Cardiovascular Studies Unit, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Age impacts on the independent relationships of leptin with cardiometabolic risk and surrogate markers of enhanced early atherogenesis in black and white patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. Rheumatol Int 2014; 34:329-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Morissette R, Schoenhoff F, Xu Z, Shilane DA, Griswold BF, Chen W, Yang J, Zhu J, Fert-Bober J, Sloper L, Lehman J, Commins N, Van Eyk JE, McDonnell NB. Transforming growth factor-β and inflammation in vascular (type IV) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:80-8. [PMID: 24399159 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (VEDS) causes reduced life expectancy because of arterial dissections/rupture and hollow organ rupture. Although the causative gene, COL3A1, was identified >20 years ago, there has been limited progress in understanding the disease mechanisms or identifying treatments. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied inflammatory and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling biomarkers in plasma and from dermal fibroblasts from patients with VEDS. Analyses were done in terms of clinical disease severity, genotype-phenotype correlations, and body composition and fat deposition alterations. VEDS subjects had increased circulating TGF-β1, TGF-β2, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, C-reactive protein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and leptin and decreased interleukin-8 versus controls. VEDS dermal fibroblasts secreted more TGF-β2, whereas downstream canonical/noncanonical TGF-β signaling was not different. Patients with COL3A1 exon skipping mutations had higher plasma intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and VEDS probands had abnormally high plasma C-reactive protein versus affected patients identified through family members before any disease manifestations. Patients with VEDS had higher mean platelet volumes, suggesting increased platelet turnover because of ongoing vascular damage, as well as increased regional truncal adiposity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that VEDS is a systemic disease with a major inflammatory component. C-reactive protein is linked to disease state and may be a disease activity marker. No changes in downstream TGF-β signaling and increased platelet turnover suggest that chronic vascular damage may partially explain increased plasma TGF-β1. Finally, we found a novel role for dysregulated TGF-β2, as well as adipocyte dysfunction, as demonstrated through reduced interleukin-8 and elevated leptin in VEDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Morissette
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
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Migliaccio S, Greco EA, Aversa A, Lenzi A. Age-associated (cardio)metabolic diseases and cross-talk between adipose tissue and skeleton: endocrine aspects. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2014; 20:25-38. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAged individuals continue to increase in number, and it is important to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of age-related changes in order to develop interventions that could contribute to “successful aging”. Metabolic and hormonal factors, age-related changes in body composition, and a decline in physical activity are all involved in the tendency to lose muscle mass, to gain fat mass, and, also, to experience bone loss. Obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis are important widespread health problems that lead to high prevalence of both mortality and morbidity. Indeed, during the last decades, obesity and osteoporosis have become a major health threat around the world. Aging increases the risk of developing obesity, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and, also, cardiovascular diseases. A reduction of both bone and muscle mass with a corresponding increase of fat mass and inflammation and hormonal imbalance in the elderly lead to and may synergistically increase cardiovascular diseases. This review will focus on the relationship among these different medical situations, trying to clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms.
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Canepa M, Strait JB, Milaneschi Y, AlGhatrif M, Ramachandran R, Makrogiannis S, Moni M, David M, Brunelli C, Lakatta EG, Ferrucci L. The relationship between visceral adiposity and left ventricular diastolic function: results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:1263-70. [PMID: 23809149 PMCID: PMC3835727 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is unclear whether subcutaneous and visceral fat are differentially correlated to the decline in left ventricular (LV) diastolic function with aging. This study sought to examine the hypothesis that age-related changes in the regional fat distribution account for changes in LV diastolic function and to explore potential mediators of this association. METHODS AND RESULTS In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 843 participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging with echocardiogram, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), abdominal computed tomography (CT) and blood tests performed at the same visit. LV diastolic function was assessed by parameters of LV relaxation (E/A ratio, Em and Em/Am ratio) and LV filling pressures (E/Em ratio). Total body fat was computed by DEXA, while visceral and subcutaneous fat were determined from abdominal CT. In multivariate models adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, antihypertensive medications, physical activity and LV mass, both visceral and subcutaneous fat were associated with LV diastolic dysfunction. When both measures of adiposity were simultaneously included in the same model, only visceral fat was significantly associated with LV diastolic dysfunction. Triglycerides and sex-hormone binding globulin, but not adiponectin and leptin, were found to be significant mediators of the relationship between visceral fat and LV diastolic function, explaining 28-47% of the association. Bootstrapping analyses confirmed the significance of these findings. CONCLUSIONS Increased visceral adiposity is associated with LV diastolic dysfunction, possibly through a metabolic pathway involving blood lipids and ectopic fat accumulation rather than adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Canepa
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Human Cardiovascular Studies Unit, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA; Research Center of Cardiovascular Biology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
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Sabbatini AR, Faria AP, Barbaro NR, Gordo WM, Modolo RGP, Pinho C, Fontana V, Moreno H. Deregulation of adipokines related to target organ damage on resistant hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2013; 28:388-92. [PMID: 24284384 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2013.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resistant hypertension (RHTN) includes patients with controlled blood pressure (BP) (CRHTN) and uncontrolled BP (UCRHTN). In fact, RHTN patients are more likely to have target organ damage (TOD), and resistin, leptin and adiponectin may affect BP control in these subjects. We assessed the relationship between adipokines levels and arterial stiffness, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and microalbuminuria (MA). This cross-sectional study included CRHTN (n=51) and UCRHTN (n=38) patients for evaluating body mass index, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, plasma adiponectin, leptin and resistin concentrations, pulse wave velocity (PWV), MA and echocardiography. Leptin and resistin levels were higher in UCRHTN, whereas adiponectin levels were lower in this same subgroup. Similarly, arterial stiffness, LVH and MA were higher in UCRHTN subgroup. Adiponectin levels negatively correlated with PWV (r=-0.42, P<0.01), and MA (r=-0.48, P<0.01) only in UCRHTN. Leptin was positively correlated with PWV (r=0.37, P=0.02) in UCRHTN subgroup, whereas resistin was not correlated with TOD in both subgroups. Adiponectin is associated with arterial stiffness and renal injury in UCRHTN patients, whereas leptin is associated with arterial stiffness in the same subgroup. Taken together, our results showed that those adipokines may contribute to vascular and renal damage in UCRHTN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sabbatini
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A P Faria
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N R Barbaro
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - W M Gordo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R G P Modolo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Pinho
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (Puccamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Fontana
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H Moreno
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Leopold JA. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of arterial stiffness associated with obesity. Hypertension 2013; 62:1003-4. [PMID: 24060893 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Leopold
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB0630K, Boston, MA 02115.
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Montero D, Walther G, Perez-Martin A, Mercier CS, Roche E, Vinet A. Leg arterial stiffness after weight loss in severely obese adolescents. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:1676-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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