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Yuan R, Chen J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Yu J. Establishment of an Individual-Specific Nomogram for Predicting the Risk of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Chinese Postmenopausal Hypertensive Women. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030598. [PMID: 36984599 PMCID: PMC10058473 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The physiological phenomenon peculiar to women, namely menopause, makes the occurrence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in postmenopausal hypertensive women more characteristic. Less is known about the risk of developing LVH in Chinese postmenopausal hypertensive women. Thus, the present study was intended to design a nomogram for predicting the risk of developing LVH in Chinese postmenopausal hypertensive women. Materials and Methods: Postmenopausal hypertensive women aged between 49 and 68 years were divided into either the training set (n = 550) or the validation set (n = 284) in a 2:1 ratio. Patients in the validation set were followed up for one year. A stepwise multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the predictors of LVH in postmenopausal women with hypertension. The best-fit nomogram was executed using R software. The calibration and decision curve were employed to verify the predictive accuracy of the nomogram. The results were evaluated in the validation set. Results: Menopause age (OR = 0.929, 95% CI 0.866–0.998, p = 0.044), BMI (OR = 1.067, 95% CI 1.019–1.116, p = 0.005), morning systolic blood pressure (SBP: OR = 1.050, 95% CI 1.032–1.069, p = 0.000), morning diastolic BP (DBP OR = 1.055, 95% CI 1.028–1.083, p = 0.003), angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) utilization rate (OR = 0.219, 95% CI 0.131–0.365, p = 0.000), LDL-C (OR = 1.460, 95% CI 1.090–1.954, p = 0.011) and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) (OR = 1.415, 95% CI 1.139–1.757, p = 0.028) were associated with LVH in postmenopausal hypertension patients. The nomogram model was then developed using these variables. The internal validation trial showed that the nomogram model described herein had good performance in discriminating a C-index of 0.881 (95% CI: 0.837–0.924) and high quality of calibration plots. External validation of LVH-predictive nomogram results showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.903 (95%CI 0.900–0.907). Conclusions: Our results indicate that the risk prediction nomogram model based on menopausal age, BMI, morning SBP, morning DBP, ARB utilization rate, LDL-C and CAVI has good accuracy and may provide useful references for the medical staff in the intuitive and individualized risk assessment in clinical practice.
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Zhu X, Jing R, Li X, Zhang W, Tang Y, Liu T. Left ventricular hypertrophy, carotid atherosclerosis, and cognitive impairment in peritoneal dialysis patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:127. [PMID: 36890445 PMCID: PMC9996916 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) have been identified as factors associated with cognitive impairment (CI) but have not been studied in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study investigated the relationship between LVH and CAS and cognitive function in patients undergoing PD. METHODS In this single-center cross-sectional study, the clinically stable patients who were over 18 years of age and had undergone PD for at least 3 months were enrolled. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), which included seven areas: visuospatial/executive function, naming, attention, language, abstraction, delayed recall, and orientation. LVH was defined as LVMI > 46.7 g/m2.7 in women and LVMI > 49.2 g/m2.7 in men. CAS was defined as carotid intima-media thickness ≥ 1.0 mm and/or the presence of plaque. RESULTS A total of 207 patients undergoing PD were recruited, with an average age of 52.14 ± 14.93 years and a median PD duration of 8 months (5-19 months). The CI rate was 56%, and the prevalence of CAS was 53.6%. LVH occurred in 110 patients (53.1%). Patients in the LVH group tended to be older, and had a higher body mass index, a higher pulse pressure, a higher male proportion, a lower ejection fraction, a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and CI, and a lower MoCA scores.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the association between LVH and CI (OR, 10.087; 95% confidence interval, 2.966-34.307). And the association between LVH and CI was still supported after propensity matching scores. CAS was not significantly associated with CI. CONCLUSION LVH is independently associated with CI in patients undergoing PD, while CAS is not significantly associated with CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 68# Middle Gehu Road, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Jing
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 68# Middle Gehu Road, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoPing Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 68# Middle Gehu Road, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanfen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 68# Middle Gehu Road, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushang Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 68# Middle Gehu Road, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongqiang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 68# Middle Gehu Road, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Keegan NP, Fletcher S. A spotter's guide to SNPtic exons: The common splice variants underlying some SNP-phenotype correlations. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 10:e1840. [PMID: 34708937 PMCID: PMC8801146 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptic exons are typically characterised as deleterious splicing aberrations caused by deep intronic mutations. However, low-level splicing of cryptic exons is sometimes observed in the absence of any pathogenic mutation. Five recent reports have described how low-level splicing of cryptic exons can be modulated by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), resulting in phenotypic differences amongst different genotypes. METHODS We sought to investigate whether additional 'SNPtic' exons may exist, and whether these could provide an explanatory mechanism for some of the genotype-phenotype correlations revealed by genome-wide association studies. We thoroughly searched the literature for reported cryptic exons, cross-referenced their genomic coordinates against the dbSNP database of common SNPs, then screened out SNPs with no reported phenotype associations. RESULTS This method discovered five probable SNPtic exons in the genes APC, FGB, GHRL, MYPBC3 and OTC. For four of these five exons, we observed that the phenotype associated with the SNP was compatible with the predicted splicing effect of the nucleotide change, whilst the fifth (in GHRL) likely had a more complex splice-switching effect. CONCLUSION Application of our search methods could augment the knowledge value of future cryptic exon reports and aid in generating better hypotheses for genome-wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall Patrick Keegan
- Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Perron Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sue Fletcher
- Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Uiterwijk R, Staals J, Huijts M, van Kuijk SMJ, de Leeuw PW, Kroon AA, van Oostenbrugge RJ. Hypertensive organ damage predicts future cognitive performance: A 9-year follow-up study in patients with hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20:1458-1463. [PMID: 30277642 PMCID: PMC6220879 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with cognitive deficits, probably caused by cerebral small vessel disease. The authors examined whether additional presence of cardiac and renal organ damages, and their combined presence, are associated with future cognitive performance. In 78 patients with essential hypertension (mean age 51.2 ± 12.0 years), brain damage was determined by MRI features, cardiac damage by left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and renal damage by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria. At 9‐year follow‐up, neuropsychological assessment was performed. LVMI was associated with future lower cognition (P = 0.032), independent of age, sex, premorbid cognition, and brain damage, but eGFR and albuminuria were not. The presence of 2 or 3 types of organ damage compared to none was associated with future lower cognition. Increasing number of hypertensive organ damages, and cardiac damage independently of brain damage, might indicate a more severe hypertensive disease burden and could help to identify patients at risk of cognitive problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske Uiterwijk
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Staals
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Huijts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander M J van Kuijk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W de Leeuw
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard/Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham A Kroon
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J van Oostenbrugge
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Association of Cardiac Structure and Function With Neurocognition in Hispanics/Latinos: The Echocardiographic Study of Latinos. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2018; 2:165-175. [PMID: 30225446 PMCID: PMC6124325 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the associations of comprehensive measures of cardiac structure and function with multidimensional neurocognitive measures. Patients and Methods The Echocardiographic Study of Latinos is a population-based cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults older than 45 years enrolled from October 1, 2011, through June 30, 2014. Neurocognitive measures included Word Fluency (WF), Brief-Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (B-SEVLT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test. The B-SEVLT included B-SEVLT-recall and B-SEVLT-sum. Echocardiographic measures included cardiac structure, systolic and diastolic function, and myocardial strain. Multivariable regression models were fit using survey statistics and sampling probabilities. Results A total of 1794 participants (mean age, 56±0.5 years; 56% women) were included in the analysis. In the adjusted model, higher left ventricular mass index was associated with lower B-SEVLT-sum and Digit Symbol Substitution Test scores. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction was associated with lower WF scores. Abnormal left ventricular geometry was associated with lower B-SEVLT-sum scores. Higher relative wall thickness was associated with B-SEVLT-recall and B-SEVLT-sum scores. Mitral annular relaxation velocities were associated with lower B-SEVLT-recall, B-SEVLT-sum, and WF scores. Higher mitral inflow to annular early diastolic velocity ratio was associated with lower B-SEVLT-recall and B-SEVLT-sum scores. Diastolic dysfunction was associated with lower B-SEVLT-sum scores. Finally, lower global longitudinal strain was associated with lower WF scores. Conclusion Alterations in cardiac structure, systolic and diastolic function, and myocardial strain were associated with worse neurocognitive function. Further study is needed to determine the mechanisms (ie, impairment of cerebral flow and silent brain infarctions) mediating these heart-brain associations.
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Key Words
- B-SEVLT, Brief-Spanish English Verbal Learning Test
- BMI, body mass index
- CVH, cardiovascular health
- DSST, Digit Symbol Substitution Test
- E/e′ ratio, ratio of the early mitral inflow velocity to the mitral annular early diastolic velocity
- ECHO-SOL, Echocardiographic Study of Latinos
- EF, ejection fraction
- GLS, global longitudinal strain
- HCHS/SOL, Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
- LA, left atrial
- LAVI, left atrial volume index
- LV, left ventricular
- LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume
- LVMI, left ventricular mass index
- RWT, relative wall thickness
- SIS, Six-Item Screener
- S′, peak systolic annular velocity
- WF, Word Fluency
- e′, mitral annular early diastolic velocity
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Edwards JD. The Importance of Identifying Early Changes in Cardiac Structure and Function for the Prevention of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 58:285-288. [PMID: 28409747 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cardiac pathologies have been shown to contribute to progressive cognitive decline and dementia in elderly populations, including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), a marker of prolonged exposure to hypertension. Although associations between chronic hypertension and cognitive function are thought to be mediated primarily by these end organ effects, there is increasing evidence that early changes in cardiac structure and function, such as LVH, may independently contribute to cognitive decline and impairment. In the current issue of the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, Mahinrad and colleagues report important new findings on the association between LVH and cognitive function that are incremental to cardiovascular risk and co-morbidity, including hypertension. Emerging evidence that early changes in cardiac structure and function may independently contribute to cognitive decline in elderly populations has resulted in an increased interest in these preclinical substrates as potential treatment targets for the prevention of cognitive decline and in their putative contributions to the pathogenesis of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi D Edwards
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Heart & Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Restrepo C, Patel SK, Rethnam V, Werden E, Ramchand J, Churilov L, Burrell LM, Brodtmann A. Left ventricular hypertrophy and cognitive function: a systematic review. J Hum Hypertens 2018; 32:171-179. [PMID: 29330420 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-017-0023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is common in patients with hypertension. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is recognised as a marker of hypertension-related organ damage and is a strong predictor of coronary artery disease, heart failure and stroke. There is evidence that LVH is independently associated with cognitive impairment, even after adjustment for the presence of hypertension. We conducted a systematic review that examined cognitive impairment in adults with LVH. Independent searches were performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid psycInfo and PubMed with the terms left ventricular hypertrophy and cognition. Seventy-three studies were identified when both searches were combined. After limiting the search to studies that were: (1) reported in English; (2) conducted in humans; (3) in adults aged 50 years and older; and (4) investigated the relationship between LVH and cognitive performance, nine papers were included in this systematic review. The majority of studies found an association between LVH and cognitive performance. Inspection of results indicated that individuals with LVH exhibited a lower performance in cognitive tests, when compared to individuals without LVH. Memory and executive functions were the cognitive domains that showed a specific vulnerability to the presence of LVH. A possible mechanism for the relationship between LVH and cognition is the presence of cerebral white matter damage. White matter lesions occur frequently in patients with LVH and may contribute to cognitive dysfunction. Together, the results of this review suggest that memory impairment and executive dysfunction are the cognitive domains that showed a particular association with the presence of LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Restrepo
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - S K Patel
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - V Rethnam
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - E Werden
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - J Ramchand
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - L Churilov
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - L M Burrell
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
| | - A Brodtmann
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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8
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Adebayo PB, Akintunde AA, Adebayo AJ, Asaolu SO, Audu M, Ayodele OE. Comparison of Neuropsychological Patterns in Nigerians with different Heart Failure Phenotypes. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017; 32:280-288. [PMID: 28034849 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the influence of left ventricular dysfunction type on the pattern of neuropsychological dysfunctions among heart failure (HF) subjects. Method A sub-analysis of the data of subjects recruited in a cross-sectional survey of cognitive dysfunction among Nigerians with HF was performed. Cognitive performance on the Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSI'D), Word List Learning Delayed Recall (WLLDR), Boston Naming Test (BNT), and Modified Token Test (MTT) were compared between heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Clinical and echocardiographic correlation analysis with cognitive performance was performed. Results Subjects with HFpEF were impaired on the WLLDR (71.4% vs. 34.6%, p = .026). The group with HFpEF scored lower on the language domain (definition subscale) of CSI'D (p = .036), and WLLDR (p = .005). The performance on the MTT (p = .185) and BNT (p = .923) were comparable between the two groups. An inverse relationship was found between pulse pressure and delay recall (r = -.565 p = .003) among the cohort with HFpEF whereas body mass index, BMI (r = -.737, p = .023) and tricuspid valve E/A ratio, TVEA (r = -.650, p = .042) showed an inverse relationship with the total CSI'D score in the cohort with HFrEF. Conclusions Cognitive dysfunction is largely similar between the two groups. Delay recall is however poorer among subjects with HFpEF. Regular cognitive screening is advocated among HF subjects to prevent non-adherence with therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B Adebayo
- Departments of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.,Department of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospitals, Ogbomoşo, Nigeria
| | - Adeseye A Akintunde
- Departments of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.,Department of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospitals, Ogbomoşo, Nigeria
| | - Anthonia J Adebayo
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Morenike Audu
- Department of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospitals, Ogbomoşo, Nigeria.,Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga E Ayodele
- Departments of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.,Department of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospitals, Ogbomoşo, Nigeria
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Georgakis MK, Synetos A, Mihas C, Karalexi MA, Tousoulis D, Seshadri S, Petridou ET. Left ventricular hypertrophy in association with cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:696-709. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2017.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Mahmoud KS, Ismail TT, Saad M, Mohsen LA, Ibrahiem MA, Fadeel NA, Sotouhy A. Values of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for prediction of cognitive function impairment in elderly hypertensive patients. Egypt Heart J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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11
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Sayed K, Taha TT, Saad M, Mohsen LA, Ibrahiem MA, Fadeel NA, Sotouhy A. Is Mini-Mental Score Examination Scoring a New Predictor of Uncontrolled Hypertension? J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2014; 16:348-53. [DOI: 10.1111/jch.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Sayed
- Cardiology Department; Al-Minya University Hospital; Al-Minya Egypt
| | - Tamer T.I. Taha
- Cardiology Department; Al-Minya University Hospital; Al-Minya Egypt
| | - Mohamad Saad
- Cardiology Department; Al-Minya University Hospital; Al-Minya Egypt
| | - Laila A. Mohsen
- Radiology Department; Al-Minya University Hospital; Al-Minya Egypt
| | | | | | - Amr Sotouhy
- Cardiology Department; Al-Minya University Hospital; Al-Minya Egypt
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Buss S, Noone ML, Tsai R, Johnson B, Pradeep VG, Salam KA, Mathuranath PS, Verghese J. Objective cardiac markers in dementia: results from the Kerala-Einstein study. Int J Cardiol 2012; 167:595-6. [PMID: 23103139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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