1
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Yang BL, Long YY, Lei Q, Gao F, Ren WX, Cao YL, Wu D, Xu LY, Qu J, Li H, Yu YL, Zhang AY, Wang S, Wang HX, Chen ZC, Li QB. Lethal pulmonary thromboembolism in mice induced by intravenous human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived large extracellular vesicles in a dose- and tissue factor-dependent manner. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01327-3. [PMID: 38914677 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have obvious advantages over MSC therapy. But the strong procoagulant properties of MSC-EVs pose a potential risk of thromboembolism, an issue that remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we systematically investigated the procoagulant activity of large EVs derived from human umbilical cord MSCs (UC-EVs) both in vitro and in vivo. UC-EVs were isolated from cell culture supernatants. Mice were injected with UC-EVs (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 μg/g body weight) in 100 μL PBS via the tail vein. Behavior and mortality were monitored for 30 min after injection. We showed that these UC-EVs activated coagulation in a dose- and tissue factor-dependent manner. UC-EVs-induced coagulation in vitro could be inhibited by addition of tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Notably, intravenous administration of high doses of the UC-EVs (1 μg/g body weight or higher) led to rapid mortality due to multiple thrombus formations in lung tissue, platelets, and fibrinogen depletion, and prolonged prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times. Importantly, we demonstrated that pulmonary thromboembolism induced by the UC-EVs could be prevented by either reducing the infusion rate or by pre-injection of heparin, a known anticoagulant. In conclusion, this study elucidates the procoagulant characteristics and mechanisms of large UC-EVs, details the associated coagulation risk during intravenous delivery, sets a safe upper limit for intravenous dose, and offers effective strategies to prevent such mortal risks when high doses of large UC-EVs are needed for optimal therapeutic effects, with implications for the development and application of large UC-EV-based as well as other MSC-EV-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bian-Lei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yao-Ying Long
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qian Lei
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Ren
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu-Lin Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Liu-Yue Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiao Qu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ya-Li Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - An-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Chen
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiu-Bai Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Application of Extracellular Vesicles, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
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2
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Samanta A, Lufkin T, Kraus P. Intervertebral disc degeneration-Current therapeutic options and challenges. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1156749. [PMID: 37483952 PMCID: PMC10359191 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1156749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a normal part of aging. Due to the spine's declining function and the development of pain, it may affect one's physical health, mental health, and socioeconomic status. Most of the intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) therapies today focus on the symptoms of low back pain rather than the underlying etiology or mechanical function of the disc. The deteriorated disc is typically not restored by conservative or surgical therapies that largely focus on correcting symptoms and structural abnormalities. To enhance the clinical outcome and the quality of life of a patient, several therapeutic modalities have been created. In this review, we discuss genetic and environmental causes of IVDD and describe promising modern endogenous and exogenous therapeutic approaches including their applicability and relevance to the degeneration process.
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3
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Casadei L, Sarchet P, de Faria FCC, Calore F, Nigita G, Tahara S, Cascione L, Wabitsch M, Hornicek FJ, Grignol V, Croce CM, Pollock RE. In situ hybridization to detect DNA amplification in extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12251. [PMID: 36043432 PMCID: PMC9428764 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
EVs have emerged as an important component in tumour initiation, progression and metastasis. Although notable progresses have been made, the detection of EV cargoes remain significantly challenging for researchers to practically use; faster and more convenient methods are required to validate the EV cargoes, especially as biomarkers. Here we show, the possibility of examining embedded EVs as substrates to be used for detecting DNA amplification through ultrasensitive in situ hybridization (ISH). This methodology allows the visualization of DNA targets in a more direct manner, without time consuming optimization steps or particular expertise. Additionally, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks of EVs allows long-term preservation of samples, permitting future studies. We report here: (i) the successful isolation of EVs from liposarcoma tissues; (ii) the EV embedding in FFPE blocks (iii) the successful selective, specific ultrasensitive ISH examination of EVs derived from tissues, cell line, and sera; (iv) and the detection of MDM2 DNA amplification in EVs from liposarcoma tissues, cell lines and sera. Ultrasensitive ISH on EVs would enable cargo study while the application of ISH to serum EVs, could represent a possible novel methodology for diagnostic confirmation. Modification of probes may enable researchers to detect targets and specific DNA alterations directly in tumour EVs, thereby facilitating detection, diagnosis, and improved understanding of tumour biology relevant to many cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Casadei
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Patricia Sarchet
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | | | - Federica Calore
- Department of Cancer Biology and GeneticsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Giovanni Nigita
- Department of Cancer Biology and GeneticsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Sayumi Tahara
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Faculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversità della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre for Hormonal Disorders in Children and AdolescentsUlm University HospitalUlmGermany
| | - Francis J. Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Centerand the University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Valerie Grignol
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Carlo M. Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and GeneticsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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4
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Ye C, Zheng F, Wu N, Zhu GQ, Li XZ. Extracellular vesicles in vascular remodeling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2191-2201. [PMID: 35022541 PMCID: PMC9433397 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling contributes to the development of a variety of vascular diseases including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Phenotypic transformation of vascular cells, oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular calcification are closely associated with vascular remodeling. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally released from almost all types of cells and can be detected in nearly all body fluids including blood and urine. EVs affect vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, calcification, and lipid plaque formation; and thereby impact vascular remodeling in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. EVs may be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, and therapeutic strategies for vascular remodeling and cardiovascular diseases. This review includes a comprehensive analysis of the roles of EVs in the vascular remodeling in vascular diseases, and the prospects of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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5
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Milenkovic D, Capel F, Combaret L, Comte B, Dardevet D, Evrard B, Guillet C, Monfoulet LE, Pinel A, Polakof S, Pujos-Guillot E, Rémond D, Wittrant Y, Savary-Auzeloux I. Targeting the gut to prevent and counteract metabolic disorders and pathologies during aging. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11185-11210. [PMID: 35730212 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2089870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of gut function is one of the explanatory mechanisms of health status decline in elderly population. These impairments involve a decline in gut digestive physiology, metabolism and immune status, and associated to that, changes in composition and function of the microbiota it harbors. Continuous deteriorations are generally associated with the development of systemic dysregulations and ultimately pathologies that can worsen the initial health status of individuals. All these alterations observed at the gut level can then constitute a wide range of potential targets for development of nutritional strategies that can impact gut tissue or associated microbiota pattern. This can be key, in a preventive manner, to limit gut functionality decline, or in a curative way to help maintaining optimum nutrients bioavailability in a context on increased requirements, as frequently observed in pathological situations. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the alterations that can occur in the gut during aging and lead to the development of altered function in other tissues and organs, ultimately leading to the development of pathologies. Subsequently is discussed how nutritional strategies that target gut tissue and gut microbiota can help to avoid or delay the occurrence of aging-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Milenkovic
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Capel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Blandine Comte
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alexandre Pinel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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6
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Verdi V, Bécot A, van Niel G, Verweij FJ. In vivo imaging of EVs in zebrafish: New perspectives from "the waterside". FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:918-929. [PMID: 34761174 PMCID: PMC8565201 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To harmoniously coordinate the activities of all its different cell types, a multicellular organism critically depends on intercellular communication. One recently discovered mode of intercellular cross-talk is based on the exchange of "extracellular vesicles" (EVs). EVs are nano-sized heterogeneous lipid bilayer vesicles enriched in a variety of biomolecules that mediate short- and long-distance communication between different cells, and between cells and their environment. Numerous studies have demonstrated important aspects pertaining to the dynamics of their release, their uptake, and sub-cellular fate and roles in vitro. However, to demonstrate these and other aspects of EV biology in a relevant, fully physiological context in vivo remains challenging. In this review we analyze the state of the art of EV imaging in vivo, focusing in particular on zebrafish as a promising model to visualize, study, and characterize endogenous EVs in real-time and expand our understanding of EV biology at cellular and systems level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Verdi
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris Paris France
- Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire (GHU) Paris Paris France
| | - Anaïs Bécot
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris Paris France
| | - Guillaume van Niel
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris Paris France
- Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire (GHU) Paris Paris France
| | - Frederik J Verweij
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris Paris France
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7
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Ikeda A, Nagayama S, Sumazaki M, Konishi M, Fujii R, Saichi N, Muraoka S, Saigusa D, Shimada H, Sakai Y, Ueda K. Colorectal Cancer-Derived CAT1-Positive Extracellular Vesicles Alter Nitric Oxide Metabolism in Endothelial Cells and Promote Angiogenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:834-846. [PMID: 33579815 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating scientific evidences strongly support the importance of cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) in organization of tumor microenvironment and metastatic niches, which are also considered as ideal tools for cancer liquid biopsy. To uncover the full scope of proteomic information packaged within EVs secreted directly from human colorectal cancer, we cultured surgically resected viable tissues and obtained tissue-exudative EVs (Te-EV). Our quantitative profiling of 6,307 Te-EV proteins and 8,565 tissue proteins from primary colorectal cancer and adjacent normal mucosa (n = 17) allowed identification of a specific cargo in colorectal cancer-derived Te-EVs, high-affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1, P = 5.0 × 10-3, fold change = 6.2), in addition to discovery of a new class of EV markers, VPS family proteins. The EV sandwich ELISA confirmed escalation of the EV-CAT1 level in plasma from patients with colorectal cancer compared with healthy donors (n = 119, P = 3.8 × 10-7). Further metabolomic analysis revealed that CAT1-overexpressed EVs drastically enhanced vascular endothelial cell growth and tubule formation via upregulation of arginine transport and downstream NO metabolic pathway. These findings demonstrate the potency of CAT1 as an EV-based biomarker for colorectal cancer and its functional significance on tumor angiogenesis. IMPLICATIONS: This study provides a proteome-wide compositional dataset for viable colorectal cancer tissue-derived EVs and especially emphasizes importance of EV-CAT1 as a key regulator of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ikeda
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sumazaki
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Konishi
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Fujii
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Saichi
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Muraoka
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Tang S, Salazar-Puerta A, Richards J, Khan S, Hoyland JA, Gallego-Perez D, Walter B, Higuita-Castro N, Purmessur D. Non-viral reprogramming of human nucleus pulposus cells with FOXF1 via extracellular vesicle delivery: an in vitro and in vivo study. Eur Cell Mater 2021; 41:90-107. [PMID: 33465243 PMCID: PMC8514169 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v041a07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is characterized by decreased cellularity and proteoglycan synthesis and increased inflammation, catabolism, and neural/vascular ingrowth. Regenerative methods for IVD degeneration are largely cell-therapy-based or involve viral vectors, which are associated with mutagenesis and undesired immune responses. The present study used bulk electroporation and engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) to deliver forkhead-box F1 (FOXF1) mRNA to degenerate human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells as a minimally invasive therapeutic strategy for IVD regeneration. Bulk electroporation was used to investigate FOXF1 effects on human NP cells during a 4-week culture in 3D agarose constructs. Engineered EV delivery of FOXF1 into human IVD cells in monolayer was determined, with subsequent in vivo validation in a pilot mouse IVD puncture model. FOXF1 transfection significantly altered gene expression by upregulating healthy NP markers [FOXF1, keratin 19 (KRT19)], decreasing inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, -6], catabolic enzymes [metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13)] and nerve growth factor (NGF), with significant increases in glycosaminoglycan accumulation in human NP cells. Engineered EVs loaded with FOXF1 demonstrated successful encapsulation of FOXF1 cargo and effective uptake by human NP cells cultured in monolayer. Injection of FOXF1-loaded EVs into the mouse IVD in vivo resulted in a significant upregulation of FOXF1 and Brachyury, compared to controls at 7 d post-injection, with no evidence of cytotoxicity. This is the first study to demonstrate non-viral delivery of FOXF1 and reprogramming of human NP cells in vitro and mouse IVD cells in vivo. This strategy represents a non-addictive approach for treating IVD degeneration and associated back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D Purmessur
- 3155 Biomedical and Materials Engineering Complex, 140 W. 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210,
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9
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Liu Y, Zhang W, Phan TH, Chrzanowski W, Rodger A, Wang Y. Positively charged gold-silver nanostar enabled molecular characterization of cancer associated extracellular vesicles. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5908-5915. [PMID: 33290459 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01770a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has contributed to characterizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) by providing molecular signatures. However, little work has been carried out to understand the heterogeneity of EVs created by different methods or from different biological sources. Herein, we pioneered the use of positively charged gold-silver nanostars to explore the SERS profiles of different EVs. The physical features of EVs from cancer cells including the size, concentration, morphology and surface potential have been characterized via nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential analysis. The results show that negatively charged EVs are attracted to positively charged gold-silver nanostar surfaces via electrostatic forces resulting in SERS spectra showing characteristic vibrational modes of the different components of EVs (i.e. proteins, lipids and nucleic acids). SERS data were complemented by other spectroscopic techniques including atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy providing a more complete molecular picture of EVs. SERS signatures of EVs from different origins, batches, and isolation approaches were compared and analyzed. A statistical method (principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis) was utilized to differentiate EV subtypes. Consequently, a desirable discrimination outcome for blind samples was obtained. This study provides novel insights to deepen our understanding of EV heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
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10
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Molecular Characterization of Temozolomide-Treated and Non Temozolomide-Treated Glioblastoma Cells Released Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in the Macrophage Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218353. [PMID: 33171763 PMCID: PMC7664451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely investigated in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) for their involvement in regulating GBM pathobiology as well as for their use as potential biomarkers. EVs, through cell-to-cell communication, can deliver proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that are able to reprogram tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This research is aimed to concentrate, characterize, and identify molecular markers of EVs subtypes released by temozolomide (TMZ)-treated and non TMZ-treated four diverse GBM cells. Morphology, size distribution, and quantity of small (sEVs) and large (lEVs) vesicles were analyzed by cryo-TEM. Quality and quantity of EVs surface markers were evaluated, having been obtained by Western blotting. GBM cells shed a large amount of EVs, showing a cell line dependent molecular profile A comparative analysis distinguished sEVs and lEVs released by temozolomide (TMZ)-treated and non TMZ-treated GBM cells on the basis of quantity, size and markers expression. Finally, the GBM-derived sEVs and lEVs, irrespective of TMZ treatment, when challenged with macrophages, modulated cell activation toward a tendentially M2b-like phenotype.
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11
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Umbaugh DS, Jaeschke H. Extracellular vesicles: Roles and applications in drug-induced liver injury. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 102:63-125. [PMID: 34044913 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are defined as nanosized particles, with a lipid bilayer, that are unable to replicate. There has been an exponential increase of research investigating these particles in a wide array of diseases and deleterious states (inflammation, oxidative stress, drug-induced liver injury) in large part due to increasing recognition of the functional capacity of EVs. Cells can package lipids, proteins, miRNAs, DNA, and RNA into EVs and send these discrete packages of molecular information to distant, recipient cells to alter the physiological state of that cell. EVs are innately heterogeneous as a result of the diverse molecular pathways that are used to generate them. However, this innate heterogeneity of EVs is amplified due to the diversity in isolation techniques and lack of standardized nomenclature in the literature making it unclear if one scientist's "exosome" is another scientist's "microvesicle." One goal of this chapter is to provide the contextual understanding of EV origin so one can discern between divergent nomenclature. Further, the chapter will explore the potential protective and harmful roles that EVs play in DILI, and the potential of EVs and their cargo as a biomarker. The use of EVs as a therapeutic as well as a vector for therapeutic delivery will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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12
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Zhang M, Vojtech L, Ye Z, Hladik F, Nance E. Quantum Dot Labeling and Visualization of Extracellular Vesicles. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7211-7222. [PMID: 34568770 PMCID: PMC8460064 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication. Their role in disease processes, uncovered mostly over the last two decades, makes them potential biomarkers, leading to a need to fundamentally understand EV biology. Direct visualization of EVs can provide insights into EV behavior, but current labeling techniques are often restricted by false-positive signals and rapid photobleaching. Hence, we developed a method of labeling EVs through conjugation with quantum dots (QDs)-high photoluminescent nanosized semi-conductors-using click chemistry. We showed that QD-EV conjugation could be tailored by altering QD to EV ratio or by using a catalyst. This conjugation chemistry was stable in a biological environment and upon storage for up to a week. Using size-exclusion chromatography, QD-EV conjugates could be separated from unconjugated QDs, enabling EV-specific signal detection. We demonstrate that these QD-EV conjugates can be live- and fixed-imaged in high resolution on cells and in tissue sheets, and the conjugates have better photostability compared with the commonly used EV dye DiI. We labeled two distinct EV populations: human semen EVs (sEVs) from fresh semen samples donated by healthy volunteers and brain EVs (bEVs) from excised rat brain tissues. We visualized QD-sEVs in epithelial sheets isolated from human vaginal mucosa and time-lapse imaged QD-bEV interactions with microglial BV-2 cells. The development of the QD-EV conjugate will benefit the study of EV localization, movement, and function and accelerate their potential use as biomarkers, therapeutic agents, or drug-delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zhang
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1652, United States
| | - Lucia Vojtech
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6460, United States
| | - Ziming Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Florian Hladik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6460, United States
| | - Elizabeth Nance
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Center on Human Development and Disability, and Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1652, United States
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13
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Piazza N, Dehghani M, Gaborski TR, Wuertz-Kozak K. Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Degenerative Diseases of the Intervertebral Disc. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:311. [PMID: 32363187 PMCID: PMC7181459 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane particles carrying proteins, lipids, DNA, and various types of RNA that are involved in intercellular communication. EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated extensively in many different fields due to their crucial role as regeneration drivers, but research for their use in degenerative diseases of the intervertebral disc (IVD) has only started recently. MSC-derived EVs not only promote extracellular matrix synthesis and proliferation in IVD cells, but also reduce apoptosis and inflammation, hence having multifunctional beneficial effects that seem to be mediated by specific miRNAs (such as miR-233 and miR-21) within the EVs. Aside from MSC-derived EVs, IVD-derived EVs (e.g., stemming from notochordal cells) also have important functions in IVD health and disease. This article will summarize the current knowledge on MSC-derived and IVD-derived EVs and will highlight areas of future research, including the isolation and analysis of EV subpopulations or exposure of MSCs to cues that may enhance the therapeutic potential of released EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Piazza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Mehdi Dehghani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Thomas R. Gaborski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY, United States
- Institute for Biomechanics, Zurich, Switzerland
- Spine Center, Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Munich, Germany
- Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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14
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The Effects of IL-1β on Astrocytes are Conveyed by Extracellular Vesicles and Influenced by Age. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:694-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Su X, Shen Y, Jin Y, Jiang M, Weintraub N, Tang Y. Purification and Transplantation of Myogenic Progenitor Cell Derived Exosomes to Improve Cardiac Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophic Mice. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31033952 DOI: 10.3791/59320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchene Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic disease caused by a lack of functional dystrophin protein. The disease cannot be cured, and as the disease progresses, the patient develops symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and congestive heart failure. The DMDMDX mutant mice do not express dystrophin, and are commonly used as a mouse model of DMD. In our recent study, we observed that intramyocardial injection of wide type (WT)-myogenic progenitor cells-derived exosomes (MPC-Exo) transiently restored the expression of dystrophin in the myocardium of DMDMDX mutant mice, which was associated with a transient improvement in cardiac function suggesting that WT-MPC-Exo may provide an option to relieve the cardiac symptoms of DMD. This article describes the technique of MPC-Exo purification and transplantation into hearts of DMDMDX mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Su
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Yan Shen
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Yue Jin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Meng Jiang
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University;
| | - Neal Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Yaoliang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University;
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Miliotis S, Nicolalde B, Ortega M, Yepez J, Caicedo A. Forms of extracellular mitochondria and their impact in health. Mitochondrion 2019; 48:16-30. [PMID: 30771504 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role as an intracellular energy plant and signaling organelle. However, mitochondria also exist outside cells where they could mediate cell-to-cell communication, repair and serve as an activator of the immune response. Their effects depend on the mitochondrial state or the form in which it is present, either as a whole functional structure as fragments or only as mitochondrial DNA. Herein, we provide evidence of why extracellular mitochondria and their varying forms are considered regenerative factors or pro-inflammatory activators. Understanding these aspects will provide the base of their use in therapy or as a biomarker of disease severity and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Miliotis
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, The Latitude Zero Ecuador Research Initiative, L0ERI, 17-12-841, Ecuador
| | - Bryan Nicolalde
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud - Hospital de los Valles, Escuela de Medicina, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador
| | - Mayra Ortega
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Escuela de Biotecnología, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador
| | - Jackie Yepez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, The Latitude Zero Ecuador Research Initiative, L0ERI, 17-12-841, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud - Hospital de los Valles, Escuela de Medicina, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos - Universidad San Francisco de Quito, SIME-USFQ, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador.
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