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He G, Ke Y, Yuan J, Zhang B, Dai L, Liu J, Zhang X. NSD2-mediated H3K36me2 exacerbates osteoporosis via activation of hoxa2 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111294. [PMID: 38996954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis (OP) is a prevalent disease associated with age, and one of the primary pathologies is the defect of osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). This study aimed to elucidate whether Nuclear Receptor Binding SET Domain Protein 2 (NSD2) transcriptionally regulates osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in osteoporosis. METHODS Identification of human BMSCs (hBMSCs) in vitro was measured by flow cytometry. Osteogenesis of hBMSCs in vitro was measured by Alizarin Red and Alkaline Phosphatase staining. The protein levels of H3K36me1/2/3, NSD2, and Hoxa2 were measured by western blotting. The mRNA levels of NSD2, Runx2, and BSP were measured by qPCR. The role of NSD2 in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was further identified by silencing NSD2 via shRNA or overexpression of NSD2 via lentivirus transfection. The interactions of NSD2, H3K36me2 and Hoxa2 were identified via chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Luciferase reporting analysis was employed to confirm that NSD2 regulated the transcriptional activity of Hoxa2. Ovariectomized (OVX) was performed on mice to construct osteoporosis (OP) model. Subsequently, the bone mass was assessed by micro computed tomography (micro-CT) scan. RESULTS During the osteogenesis of OP-derived hBMSCs, the levels of NSD2 and H3K36me2 significantly increased in 14 days of osteogenic induction. Inhibition of NSD2 via shRNA increased the RUNX2 and BSP expression of hBMSCs, while overexpression of NSD2 decreased RUNX2 and BSP expression of hBMSCs. ChIP analysis indicated NSD2-mediated H3K36me2 reduced the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by regulating the osteogenic inhibitor Hoxa2. Accordingly, inhibition of NSD2 in vivo via tail vein injection of LV-shNSD2 lentivirus greatly alleviated OVX-induced osteoporosis in mice. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that NSD2 inhibited the osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs by transcriptionally downregulating Hoxa2 via H3K36me2 dimethylation. Inhibition of NSD2 effectively attenuated bone loss in murine osteoporosis and NSD2 is a promising target for clinical treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yanqin Ke
- School of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Bingjun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liming Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, PR China; School of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, PR China; National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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Chong PSY, Chooi JY, Lim SLJ, Chung TH, Brunmeir R, Leow ACY, Toh SHM, Balan K, Azaman MIB, Wu Z, Subramaniam N, Vardy LA, Chng WJ. Epigenetic dysregulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 3 subunit E (eIF3E) by lysine methyltransferase REIIBP confers a pro-inflammatory phenotype in t(4;14) myeloma. Haematologica 2024; 109:1893-1908. [PMID: 38124661 PMCID: PMC11141660 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
REIIBP is a lysine methyltransferase aberrantly expressed through alternative promoter usage of NSD2 locus in t(4;14)-translocated multiple myeloma (MM). Clinically, t(4;14) translocation is an adverse prognostic factor found in approximately 15% of MM patients. The contribution of REIIBP relative to other NSD2 isoforms as a dependency gene in t(4;14)-translocated MM remains to be evaluated. Here, we demonstrated that despite homology with NSD2, REIIBP displayed distinct substrate specificity by preferentially catalyzing H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, with little activity on H3K36me2. Furthermore, REIIBP was regulated through microRNA by EZH2 in a Dicer-dependent manner, exemplifying a role of REIIBP in SET-mediated H3K27me3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed chromatin remodeling characterized by changes in genome-wide and loci-specific occupancy of these opposing histone marks, allowing a bidirectional regulation of its target genes. Transcriptomics indicated that REIIBP induced a pro-inflammatory gene signature through upregulation of TLR7, which in turn led to B-cell receptor-independent activation of BTK and driving NFkB-mediated production of cytokines such as IL-6. Activation of this pathway is targetable using Ibrutinib and partially mitigated bortezomib resistance in a REIIBP xenograft model. Mechanistically, REIIBP upregulated TLR7 through eIF3E, and this relied on eIF3E RNA-binding function instead of its canonical protein synthesis activity, as demonstrated by direct binding to the 3'UTR of TLR7 mRNA. Altogether, we provided a rationale that co-existence of different NSD2 isoforms induced diversified oncogenic programs that should be considered in the strategies for t(4;14)-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis S Y Chong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore
| | - Jing Yuan Chooi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | | | - Tae-Hoon Chung
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore
| | - Reinhard Brunmeir
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore
| | | | | | - Kalpnaa Balan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore
| | | | - Zhengwei Wu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Nagavidya Subramaniam
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs and Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Leah A Vardy
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs and Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System.
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Koduru P, Chen W, Fuda F, Kaur G, Awan F, John S, Garcia R, Gagan J. RNASeq Analysis for Accurate Identification of Fusion Partners in Tumor Specific Translocations Detected by Standard FISH Probes in Hematologic Malignancies. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2024; 17:2632010X241230262. [PMID: 38371338 PMCID: PMC10874141 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x241230262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Fluorescence labeled DNA probes and in situ hybridization methods had shorter turn round time for results revolutionized their clinical application. Signals obtained from these probes are highly specific, yet they can produce fusion signals not necessarily representing fusion of actual genes due to other genes included in the probe design. In this study we evaluated discordance between cytogenetic, FISH and RNAseq results in 3 different patients with hematologic malignancies and illustrated the need to perform next generation sequencing (NGS) or RNASeq to accurately interpret FISH results. Methods Bone marrow or peripheral blood karyotypes and FISH were performed to detect recurring translocations associated with hematologic malignancies in clinical samples routinely referred to our clinical cytogenetics laboratory. When required, NGS was performed on DNA and RNA libraries to detect somatic alterations and gene fusions in some of these specimens. Discordance in results between these methods is further evaluated. Results For a patient with plasma cell leukemia standard FGFR3 / IGH dual fusion FISH assay detected fusion that was interpreted as FGFR3-positive leukemia, whereas NGS/RNASeq detected NSD2::IGH. For a pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient, a genetic diagnosis of PDGFRB-positive ALL was rendered because the PDGFRB break-apart probe detected clonal rearrangement, whereas NGS detected MEF2D::CSF1R. A MYC-positive B-prolymphocytic leukemia was rendered for another patient with a cytogenetically identified t(8;14) and MYC::IGH by FISH, whereas NGS detected a novel PVT1::RCOR1 not previously reported. Conclusions These are 3 cases in a series of several other concordant results, nevertheless, elucidate limitations when interpreting FISH results in clinical applications, particularly when other genes are included in probe design. In addition, when the observed FISH signals are atypical, this study illustrates the necessity to perform complementary laboratory assays, such as NGS and/or RNASeq, to accurately identify fusion genes in tumorigenic translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Koduru
- Departments of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Weina Chen
- Departments of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Franklin Fuda
- Departments of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gurbakhash Kaur
- Internal Medicine (Division of Oncology), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Farrukh Awan
- Internal Medicine (Division of Oncology), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samuel John
- Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia
- Departments of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gagan
- Departments of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Ma Z, Bolinger AA, Chen H, Zhou J. Drug Discovery Targeting Nuclear Receptor Binding SET Domain Protein 2 (NSD2). J Med Chem 2023; 66:10991-11026. [PMID: 37578463 PMCID: PMC11092389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor binding SET domain proteins (NSDs) catalyze the mono- or dimethylation of histone 3 lysine 36 (H3K36me1 and H3K36me2), using S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) as a methyl donor. As a key member of the NSD family of proteins, NSD2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases such as cancers, inflammations, and infectious diseases, serving as a promising drug target. Developing potent and specific NSD2 inhibitors may provide potential novel therapeutics. Several NSD2 inhibitors and degraders have been discovered while remaining in the early stage of drug development. Excitingly, KTX-1001, a selective NSD2 inhibitor, has entered clinical trials. In this Perspective, the structures and functions of NSD2, its roles in various human diseases, and the recent advances in drug discovery strategies targeting NSD2 have been summarized. The challenges, opportunities, and future directions for developing NSD2 inhibitors and degraders are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghui Ma
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Andrew A Bolinger
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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Bong IPN, Esa E. Molecular genetic aberrations in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. ASIAN BIOMED 2023; 17:152-162. [PMID: 37860676 PMCID: PMC10584387 DOI: 10.2478/abm-2023-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common form of blood cancer characterized by clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. MM is a complex, progressive, and highly heterogeneous malignancy, which occurs via a multistep transformation process involving primary and secondary oncogenic events. Recent advances in molecular techniques have further expanded our understanding of the mutational landscape, clonal composition, and dynamic evolution patterns of MM. The first part of this review describes the key oncogenic events involved in the initiation and progression of MM, together with their prognostic impact. The latter part highlights the most prominent findings concerning genomic aberrations promoted by gene expression profiling (GEP) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) in MM. This review provides a concise understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the MM genome and the importance of adopting emerging molecular technology in future clinical management of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivyna Pau Ni Bong
- Hematology Unit, Cancer Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Ezalia Esa
- Hematology Unit, Cancer Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
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Kurata K, Samur MK, Liow P, Wen K, Yamamoto L, Liu J, Morelli E, Gulla A, Tai YT, Qi J, Hideshima T, Anderson KC. BRD9 Degradation Disrupts Ribosome Biogenesis in Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1807-1821. [PMID: 36780189 PMCID: PMC10150249 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE BRD9 is a defining component of the noncanonical SWI/SNF complex, which regulates gene expression by controlling chromatin dynamics. Although recent studies have found an oncogenic role for BRD9 in multiple cancer types including multiple myeloma, its clinical significance and oncogenic mechanism have not yet been elucidated. Here, we sought to identify the clinical and biological impact of BRD9 in multiple myeloma, which may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed integrated analyses of BRD9 in vitro and in vivo using multiple myeloma cell lines and primary multiple myeloma cells in established preclinical models, which identified the molecular functions of BRD9 contributing to multiple myeloma cell survival. RESULTS We found that high BRD9 expression was a poor prognostic factor in multiple myeloma. Depleting BRD9 by genetic (shRNA) and pharmacologic (dBRD9-A; proteolysis-targeting chimera; BRD9 degrader) approaches downregulated ribosome biogenesis genes, decreased the expression of the master regulator MYC, and disrupted the protein-synthesis maintenance machinery, thereby inhibiting multiple myeloma cell growth in vitro and in vivo in preclinical models. Importantly, we identified that the expression of ribosome biogenesis genes was associated with the disease progression and prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma. Our results suggest that BRD9 promotes gene expression by predominantly occupying the promoter regions of ribosome biogenesis genes and cooperating with BRD4 to enhance the transcriptional function of MYC. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies and validates BRD9 as a novel therapeutic target in preclinical models of multiple myeloma, which provides the framework for the clinical evaluation of BRD9 degraders to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Kurata
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mehmet K. Samur
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priscilla Liow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth Wen
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leona Yamamoto
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiye Liu
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Annamaria Gulla
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Hagen P, Sellin M, Berg S, Zhang J. Increasing genomic discovery in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: defining disease biology and its correlation to risk. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:1407-1420. [PMID: 35585246 PMCID: PMC9756633 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of MM genomics has expanded rapidly in the past 5-10 years as a consequence of cytogenetic analyses obtained in routine clinical practice as well as the ability to perform whole-exome/genome sequencing and gene expression profiling on large patient data sets. This knowledge has offered new insights into disease biology and is increasingly defining high-risk genomic patterns. In this manuscript, we present a thorough review of our current knowledge of MM genomics. The epidemiology and biology of chromosomal abnormalities including both copy number abnormalities and chromosomal translocation are described in full with a focus on those most clinically impactful such as 1q amplification and del(17p) as well as certain chromosome 14 translocations. A review of our ever-expanding knowledge of genetic mutations derived from recent whole-genome/exome data sets is then reviewed including those that drive disease pathogenesis from precursor states as well as those that may impact clinical outcomes. We then transition and attempt to elucidate how both chromosomal abnormalities and gene mutations are evolving our understanding of disease risk. We conclude by offering our perspectives moving forward as to how we might apply whole-genome/exome-level data in addition to routine cytogenetic analyses to improve patient outcomes as well as further knowledge gaps that must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hagen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Mark Sellin
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Stephanie Berg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA,Department of Pathology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
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High-risk disease in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: beyond the R-ISS and IMWG definitions. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:83. [PMID: 35637223 PMCID: PMC9151761 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an acquired malignant plasma cell disorder that develops late in life. Although progression free and overall survival has improved across all age, race, and ethnic groups, a subset of patients have suboptimal outcomes and are labeled as having high risk disease. A uniform approach to risk in NDMM remains elusive despite several validated risk stratification systems in clinical use. While we attempt to capture risk at diagnosis, the reality is that many important prognostic characteristics remain ill-defined as some patients relapse early who were defined as low risk based on their genomic profile at diagnosis. It is critical to establish a definition of high risk disease in order to move towards risk-adapted treatment approaches. Defining risk at diagnosis is important to both effectively design future clinical trials and guide which clinical data is needed in routine practice. The goal of this review paper is to summarize and compare the various established risk stratification systems, go beyond the R-ISS and international myeloma working group risk stratifications to evaluate specific molecular and cytogenetic abnormalities and how they impact prognosis independently. In addition, we explore the wealth of new genomic information from recent whole genome/exome sequencing as well as gene expression data and review known clinical factors affecting outcome such as disease burden and early relapse as well as patient related factors such as race. Finally, we provide an outlook on developing a new high risk model system and how we might make sense of co-occurrences, oncogenic dependencies, and mutually exclusive mutations.
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9
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Jiang H, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang S, He E, Guo J, Xie Y, Wang J, Li X, Peng Z, Wang M, Hou J, Liu Z. Posttranslational modification of Aurora A-NSD2 loop contributes to drug resistance in t(4;14) multiple myeloma. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e744. [PMID: 35389552 PMCID: PMC8989081 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background t(4;14)(p16;q32) cytogenetic abnormality renders high level of histone methyltransferase NSD2 in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, and predicts poor clinical prognosis, but mechanisms of NSD2 in promoting chemoresistance have not been well elucidated. Methods An epigenetics compound library containing 181 compounds was used to screen inhibitors possessing a prior synergistic effect with bortezomib (BTZ) in vitro. Molecular biology techniques were applied to uncover underlying mechanisms. Transcriptome profile assay was performed by RNA‐seq. NSG mouse‐based xenograft model and intra‐bone model were applied to qualify the synergistic effect in vivo. Results We identified an Aurora kinase A inhibitor (MLN8237) possessed a significant synergistic effect with BTZ on t(4;14) positive MM cells. Aurora A protein level positively correlated with NSD2 level, and gain‐ and loss‐of‐functions of Aurora A correspondingly altered NSD2 protein and H3K36me2 levels. Mechanistically, Aurora A phosphorylated NSD2 at S56 residue to protect the protein from cleavage and degradation, thus methylation of Aurora A and phosphorylation of NSD2 bilaterally formed a positive regulating loop. Transcriptome profile assay of MM cells with AURKA depletion identified IL6R, STC2 and TCEA2 as the downstream target genes responsible for BTZ‐resistance (BR). Clinically, higher expressions of these genes correlated with poorer outcomes of MM patients. Combined administration of MLN8237 and BTZ significantly suppressed tumour growth in LP‐1 cells derived xenografts, and remarkably alleviated bone lesion in femurs of NSG mice. Conclusions Aurora A phosphorylates NSD2 at S56 residue to enhance NSD2 methyltransferase activity and form a positive regulating loop in promoting MM chemoresistance, thus pharmacologically targeting Aurora A sensitizes t(4;14) positive MM to the proteasome inhibitors treatment. Our study uncovers a previously unknown reason of MM patients with t(4;14) engendering chemoresistance, and provides a theoretical basis for developing new treatment strategy for MM patients with different genomic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Jiang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Enyang He
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Xie
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingya Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyi Peng
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Jia Y, Zhou J, Tan TK, Chung TH, Chen Y, Chooi JY, Sanda T, Fullwood MJ, Xiong S, Toh SH, Balan K, Wong RW, Lim JS, Zhang E, Cai Z, Shen P, Chng WJ. Super Enhancer-Mediated Upregulation of HJURP Promotes Growth and Survival of t(4;14)-Positive Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2022; 82:406-418. [PMID: 34893510 PMCID: PMC9397631 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable malignancy with marked clinical and genetic heterogeneity. The cytogenetic abnormality t(4;14) (p16.3;q32.3) confers aggressive behavior in multiple myeloma. Recently, essential oncogenic drivers in a wide range of cancers have been shown to be controlled by super-enhancers (SE). We used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing of the active enhancer marker histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) to profile unique SEs in t(4;14)-translocated multiple myeloma. The histone chaperone HJURP was aberrantly overexpressed in t(4;14)-positive multiple myeloma due to transcriptional activation by a distal SE induced by the histone lysine methyltransferase NSD2. Silencing of HJURP with short hairpin RNA or CRISPR interference of SE function impaired cell viability and led to apoptosis. Conversely, HJURP overexpression promoted cell proliferation and abrogated apoptosis. Mechanistically, the NSD2/BRD4 complex positively coregulated HJURP transcription by binding the promoter and active elements of its SE. In summary, this study introduces SE profiling as an efficient approach to identify new targets and understand molecular pathogenesis in specific subtypes of cancer. Moreover, HJURP could be a valuable therapeutic target in patients with t(4;14)-positive myeloma. SIGNIFICANCE: A super-enhancer screen in t(4;14) multiple myeloma serves to identify genes that promote growth and survival of myeloma cells, which may be evaluated in future studies as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Jia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tze King Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tae-Hoon Chung
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yongxia Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Chooi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Melissa J. Fullwood
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sinan Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sabrina H.M. Toh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kalpnaa Balan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Regina W.J. Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Julia S.L. Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Enfan Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Corresponding Author: Wee Joo Chng, Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), 1E, Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228. Phone: 656-772-4613; Fax: 656-777-5545; E-mail:
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11
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Dilworth D, Hanley RP, Ferreira de Freitas R, Allali-Hassani A, Zhou M, Mehta N, Marunde MR, Ackloo S, Carvalho Machado RA, Khalili Yazdi A, Owens DDG, Vu V, Nie DY, Alqazzaz M, Marcon E, Li F, Chau I, Bolotokova A, Qin S, Lei M, Liu Y, Szewczyk MM, Dong A, Kazemzadeh S, Abramyan T, Popova IK, Hall NW, Meiners MJ, Cheek MA, Gibson E, Kireev D, Greenblatt JF, Keogh MC, Min J, Brown PJ, Vedadi M, Arrowsmith CH, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, James LI, Schapira M. A chemical probe targeting the PWWP domain alters NSD2 nucleolar localization. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:56-63. [PMID: 34782742 PMCID: PMC9189931 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing 2 (NSD2) is the primary enzyme responsible for the dimethylation of lysine 36 of histone 3 (H3K36), a mark associated with active gene transcription and intergenic DNA methylation. In addition to a methyltransferase domain, NSD2 harbors two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domains and five plant homeodomains (PHDs) believed to serve as chromatin reading modules. Here, we report a chemical probe targeting the N-terminal PWWP (PWWP1) domain of NSD2. UNC6934 occupies the canonical H3K36me2-binding pocket of PWWP1, antagonizes PWWP1 interaction with nucleosomal H3K36me2 and selectively engages endogenous NSD2 in cells. UNC6934 induces accumulation of endogenous NSD2 in the nucleolus, phenocopying the localization defects of NSD2 protein isoforms lacking PWWP1 that result from translocations prevalent in multiple myeloma (MM). Mutations of other NSD2 chromatin reader domains also increase NSD2 nucleolar localization and enhance the effect of UNC6934. This chemical probe and the accompanying negative control UNC7145 will be useful tools in defining NSD2 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dilworth
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- BlueRock Therapeutics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ronan P Hanley
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- C4 Therapeutics, Watertown, MA, USA
| | - Renato Ferreira de Freitas
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Arcturus 3, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Abdellah Allali-Hassani
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Incyte, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Mengqi Zhou
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Naimee Mehta
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Nurix Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Suzanne Ackloo
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Dominic D G Owens
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Vu
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Y Nie
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mona Alqazzaz
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edyta Marcon
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Chau
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Albina Bolotokova
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Su Qin
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Life Science Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Aiping Dong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sina Kazemzadeh
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tigran Abramyan
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Atomwise, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Elisa Gibson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dmitri Kireev
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Jinrong Min
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peter J Brown
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lindsey I James
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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Singh S, Jain K, Sharma R, Singh J, Paul D. Epigenetic Modifications in Myeloma: Focused Review of Current Data and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMultiple myeloma is a common hematologic malignancy with an incidence of 1 per 100,000 population and is characterized by a nearly 100% risk of relapse, necessitating treatment with newer therapeutic agents at each instance of progression. However, use of newer agents is often precluded by cost and accessibility in a resource-constrained setting. Description of newer pathways of disease pathogenesis potentially provides opportunities for identification of therapeutic targets and a better understanding of disease biology. Identification of epigenetic changes in myeloma is an emerging premise, with several pathways contributing to pathogenesis and progression of disease. Greater understanding of epigenetic alterations provides opportunities to detect several targetable enzymes or pathways that can be of clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvir Singh
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kunal Jain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Rintu Sharma
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Jagdeep Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Davinder Paul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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13
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Liu J, Xie Y, Guo J, Li X, Wang J, Jiang H, Peng Z, Wang J, Wang S, Li Q, Ye L, Zhong Y, Zhang Q, Liu X, Lonard DM, Wang J, O'Malley BW, Liu Z. Targeting NSD2-mediated SRC-3 liquid-liquid phase separation sensitizes bortezomib treatment in multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1022. [PMID: 33589584 PMCID: PMC7884723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of chemoresistance is the main reason for failure of clinical management of multiple myeloma (MM), but the genetic and epigenetic aberrations that interact to confer such chemoresistance remains unknown. In the present study, we find that high steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) expression is correlated with relapse/refractory and poor outcomes in MM patients treated with bortezomib (BTZ)-based regimens. Furthermore, in immortalized cell lines, high SRC-3 enhances resistance to proteasome inhibitor (PI)-induced apoptosis. Overexpressed histone methyltransferase NSD2 in patients bearing a t(4;14) translocation or in BTZ-resistant MM cells coordinates elevated SRC-3 by enhancing its liquid–liquid phase separation to supranormally modify histone H3 lysine 36 dimethylation (H3K36me2) modifications on promoters of anti-apoptotic genes. Targeting SRC-3 or interference of its interactions with NSD2 using a newly developed inhibitor, SI-2, sensitizes BTZ treatment and overcomes drug resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings elucidate a previously unrecognized orchestration of SRC-3 and NSD2 in acquired drug resistance of MM and suggest that SI-2 may be efficacious for overcoming drug resistance in MM patients. The mechanisms behind acquired resistance to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in multiple myeloma remain to be elucidated. Here, the authors show that the histone methyltransferase NSD2 stabilized SRC-3 protein levels, promotes its phase separation and alters H3K36me2 at certain gene promoters resulting in a transcriptional profile that favors resistance of myeloma cells to bortezomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Xie
- The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyi Peng
- The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingya Wang
- The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Heping, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Linquan Ye
- Center for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuping Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Myeloma Research Center of Beijing, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Qiguo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development of Premature Infants, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- The province and ministry co-sponsored collaborative innovation center for medical epigenetics; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Heping, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
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14
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Gulla' A, Anderson KC. Multiple myeloma: the (r)evolution of current therapy and a glance into future. Haematologica 2020; 105:2358-2367. [PMID: 33054076 PMCID: PMC7556665 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.247015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the regulatory approval of several novel agents to treat multiple myeloma (MM) has prolonged median patient survival from 3 to 8-10 years. Increased understanding of MM biology has translated to advances in diagnosis, prognosis, and response assessment, as well as informed the development of targeted and immune agents. Here we provide an overview of the recent progress in MM, and highlight research areas of greatest promise to further improve patient outcome in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Dobenecker MW, Marcello J, Becker A, Rudensky E, Bhanu NV, Carrol T, Garcia BA, Prinjha R, Yurchenko V, Tarakhovsky A. The catalytic domain of the histone methyltransferase NSD2/MMSET is required for the generation of B1 cells in mice. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3324-3337. [PMID: 32862441 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immunity in mammals relies on the function of two developmentally and functionally distinct B-cell subsets-B1 and B2 cells. While B2 cells are responsible for the adaptive response to environmental antigens, B1 cells regulate the production of polyreactive and low-affinity antibodies for innate humoral immunity. The molecular mechanism of B-cell specification into different subsets is understudied. In this study, we identified lysine methyltransferase NSD2 (MMSET/WHSC1) as a critical regulator of B1 cell development. In contrast to its minor impact on B2 cells, deletion of the catalytic domain of NSD2 in primary B cells impairs the generation of B1 lineage. Thus, NSD2, a histone H3 K36 dimethylase, is the first-in-class epigenetic regulator of a B-cell lineage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Werner Dobenecker
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jonas Marcello
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annette Becker
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugene Rudensky
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Langone Medical Center and School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natarajan V Bhanu
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Carrol
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rabinder Prinjha
- Epinova DPU, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Vyacheslav Yurchenko
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Life Science Research Centre, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Tarakhovsky
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Park JW, Kang JY, Hahm JY, Kim HJ, Seo SB. Proteosomal degradation of NSD2 by BRCA1 promotes leukemia cell differentiation. Commun Biol 2020; 3:462. [PMID: 32826945 PMCID: PMC7443147 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human myelogenous leukemic cell line, K562 undergoes erythroid differentiation by exposure to hemin. Here, we uncovered NSD2 as an innate erythroid differentiation-related factor through a genome-wide CRISPR library screen and explored the regulatory role of NSD2 during myeloid leukemia cell differentiation. We found that NSD2 stability was disrupted by poly-ubiquitination in differentiated K562 cells. Proteomic analysis revealed an interaction between NSD2 and an E3 ubiquitin ligase, BRCA1, which ubiquitylates NSD on K292. Depletion of BRCA1 stabilized NSD2 protein and suppressed K562 cell differentiation. Furthermore, BRCA1 protein level was decreased in bone marrow tumor, while NSD2 level was elevated. Surprisingly, among BRCA1 mutation(s) discovered in lymphoma patients, BRCA1 K1183R prevented its translocation into the nucleus, failed to reduce NSD2 protein levels in hemin-treated K562 cells and eventually disrupted cell differentiation. Our results indicate the regulation of NSD2 stability by BRCA1-mediated ubiquitination as a potential therapeutic target process in multiple myeloma. Park et al. identify Multiple Myeloma SET domain (MMSET/NSD2) in a large-scale CRISPR screen of genes whose depletion regulates hematopoietic differentiation and found it to interact with BRCA1. Thus regulation of MMSET/NSD2 stability BRCA1-mediated ubiquitination could be explored for potential therapeutic interventions in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Young Hahm
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Beom Seo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Evolution and structure of clinically relevant gene fusions in multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2666. [PMID: 32471990 PMCID: PMC7260243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell blood cancer with frequent chromosomal translocations leading to gene fusions. To determine the clinical relevance of fusion events, we detect gene fusions from a cohort of 742 patients from the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation CoMMpass Study. Patients with multiple clinic visits enable us to track tumor and fusion evolution, and cases with matching peripheral blood and bone marrow samples allow us to evaluate the concordance of fusion calls in patients with high tumor burden. We examine the joint upregulation of WHSC1 and FGFR3 in samples with t(4;14)-related fusions, and we illustrate a method for detecting fusions from single cell RNA-seq. We report fusions at MYC and a neighboring gene, PVT1, which are related to MYC translocations and associated with divergent progression-free survival patterns. Finally, we find that 4% of patients may be eligible for targeted fusion therapies, including three with an NTRK1 fusion. Multiple myeloma is characterised by frequent gene fusions. Here, the authors use data from the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation CoMMpass Study to further investigate fusion genes in this disease and their clinical relevance.
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18
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Ferreira de Freitas R, Ivanochko D, Schapira M. Methyltransferase Inhibitors: Competing with, or Exploiting the Bound Cofactor. Molecules 2019; 24:E4492. [PMID: 31817960 PMCID: PMC6943651 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein methyltransferases (PMTs) are enzymes involved in epigenetic mechanisms, DNA repair, and other cellular machineries critical to cellular identity and function, and are an important target class in chemical biology and drug discovery. Central to the enzymatic reaction is the transfer of a methyl group from the cofactor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to a substrate protein. Here we review how the essentiality of SAM for catalysis is exploited by chemical inhibitors. Occupying the cofactor binding pocket to compete with SAM can be hindered by the hydrophilic nature of this site, but structural studies of compounds now in the clinic revealed that inhibitors could either occupy juxtaposed pockets to overlap minimally, but sufficiently with the bound cofactor, or induce large conformational remodeling leading to a more druggable binding site. Rather than competing with the cofactor, other inhibitors compete with the substrate and rely on bound SAM, either to allosterically stabilize the substrate binding site, or for direct SAM-inhibitor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Ferreira de Freitas
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Arcturus 3, São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-070, Brazil
| | - Danton Ivanochko
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College St., Suite 700, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College St., Suite 700, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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19
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Huang X, LeDuc RD, Fornelli L, Schunter AJ, Bennett RL, Kelleher NL, Licht JD. Defining the NSD2 interactome: PARP1 PARylation reduces NSD2 histone methyltransferase activity and impedes chromatin binding. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12459-12471. [PMID: 31248990 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
NSD2 is a histone methyltransferase that specifically dimethylates histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36me2), a modification associated with gene activation. Dramatic overexpression of NSD2 in t(4;14) multiple myeloma (MM) and an activating mutation of NSD2 discovered in acute lymphoblastic leukemia are significantly associated with altered gene activation, transcription, and DNA damage repair. The partner proteins through which NSD2 may influence critical cellular processes remain poorly defined. In this study, we utilized proximity-based labeling (BioID) combined with label-free quantitative MS to identify high confidence NSD2 interacting partners in MM cells. The top 24 proteins identified were involved in maintaining chromatin structure, transcriptional regulation, RNA pre-spliceosome assembly, and DNA damage. Among these, an important DNA damage regulator, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), was discovered. PARP1 and NSD2 have been found to be recruited to DNA double strand breaks upon damage and H3K36me2 marks are enriched at damage sites. We demonstrate that PARP1 regulates NSD2 via PARylation upon oxidative stress. In vitro assays suggest the PARylation significantly reduces NSD2 histone methyltransferase activity. Furthermore, PARylation of NSD2 inhibits its ability to bind to nucleosomes and further get recruited at NSD2-regulated genes, suggesting PARP1 regulates NSD2 localization and H3K36me2 balance. This work provides clear evidence of cross-talk between PARylation and histone methylation and offers new directions to characterize NSD2 function in DNA damage response, transcriptional regulation, and other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida 32608; Department of Chemistry and the Department of Molecular Biosciences, and the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Richard D LeDuc
- Department of Chemistry and the Department of Molecular Biosciences, and the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Luca Fornelli
- Department of Chemistry and the Department of Molecular Biosciences, and the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Alissa J Schunter
- Department of Chemistry and the Department of Molecular Biosciences, and the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Richard L Bennett
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida 32608
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Department of Chemistry and the Department of Molecular Biosciences, and the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida 32608.
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20
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Zhang J, Lee YR, Dang F, Gan W, Menon AV, Katon JM, Hsu CH, Asara JM, Tibarewal P, Leslie NR, Shi Y, Pandolfi PP, Wei W. PTEN Methylation by NSD2 Controls Cellular Sensitivity to DNA Damage. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1306-1323. [PMID: 31217297 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The function of PTEN in the cytoplasm largely depends on its lipid-phosphatase activity, though which it antagonizes the PI3K-AKT oncogenic pathway. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the role of PTEN in the nucleus remain largely elusive. Here, we report that DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) promote PTEN interaction with MDC1 upon ATM-dependent phosphorylation of T/S398-PTEN. Importantly, DNA DSBs enhance NSD2 (MMSET/WHSC1)-mediated dimethylation of PTEN at K349, which is recognized by the tudor domain of 53BP1 to recruit PTEN to DNA-damage sites, governing efficient repair of DSBs partly through dephosphorylation of γH2AX. Of note, inhibiting NSD2-mediated methylation of PTEN, either through expressing methylation-deficient PTEN mutants or through inhibiting NSD2, sensitizes cancer cells to combinatorial treatment with a PI3K inhibitor and DNA-damaging agents in both cell culture and in vivo xenograft models. Therefore, our study provides a novel molecular mechanism for PTEN regulation of DSB repair in a methylation- and protein phosphatase-dependent manner. SIGNIFICANCE: NSD2-mediated dimethylation of PTEN is recognized by the 53BP1 tudor domain to facilitate PTEN recruitment into DNA-damage sites, governing efficient repair of DNA DSBs. Importantly, inhibiting PTEN methylation sensitizes cancer cells to combinatorial treatment with a PI3K inhibitor combined with DNA-damaging agents in both cell culture and in vivo xenograft models.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu-Ru Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wenjian Gan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Archita Venugopal Menon
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesse M Katon
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chih-Hung Hsu
- Department of Public Health, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Division of Newborn Medicine and Epigenetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priyanka Tibarewal
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R Leslie
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Shi
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Epigenetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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21
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Copeland RA. Protein methyltransferase inhibitors as precision cancer therapeutics: a decade of discovery. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0080. [PMID: 29685962 PMCID: PMC5915721 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein methyltransferases (PMTs) represent a large class of enzymes that catalyse the methylation of side chain nitrogen atoms of the amino acids lysine or arginine at specific locations along the primary sequence of target proteins. These enzymes play a key role in the spatio-temporal control of gene transcription by performing site-specific methylation of lysine or arginine residues within the histone proteins of chromatin, thus effecting chromatin conformational changes that activate or repress gene transcription. Over the past decade, it has become clear that the dysregulated activity of some PMTs plays an oncogenic role in a number of human cancers. Here we review research of the past decade that has identified specific PMTs as oncogenic drivers of cancers and progress toward the discovery and development of selective, small molecule inhibitors of these enzymes as precision cancer therapeutics. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Frontiers in epigenetic chemical biology’.
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22
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He K, Kang J, Hong HG, Zhu J, Li Y, Lin H, Xu H, Li Y. Covariance-Insured Screening. Comput Stat Data Anal 2019; 132:100-114. [PMID: 30880853 DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Modern bio-technologies have produced a vast amount of high-throughput data with the number of predictors far greater than the sample size. In order to identify more novel biomarkers and understand biological mechanisms, it is vital to detect signals weakly associated with outcomes among ultrahigh-dimensional predictors. However, existing screening methods, which typically ignore correlation information, are likely to miss weak signals. By incorporating the inter-feature dependence, a covariance-insured screening approach is proposed to identify predictors that are jointly informative but marginally weakly associated with outcomes. The validity of the method is examined via extensive simulations and a real data study for selecting potential genetic factors related to the onset of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin He
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan
| | - Hyokyoung G Hong
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University
| | - Ji Zhu
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan
| | - Huazhen Lin
- School of Statistics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan
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23
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Shen Y, Morishita M, Lee D, Kim S, Lee T, Mevius DE, Roh Y, di Luccio E. Identification of LEM-14 inhibitor of the oncoprotein NSD2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:102-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Laganà A, Perumal D, Melnekoff D, Readhead B, Kidd BA, Leshchenko V, Kuo PY, Keats J, DeRome M, Yesil J, Auclair D, Lonial S, Chari A, Cho HJ, Barlogie B, Jagannath S, Dudley JT, Parekh S. Integrative network analysis identifies novel drivers of pathogenesis and progression in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Morishita M, Mevius DEHF, Shen Y, Zhao S, di Luccio E. BIX-01294 inhibits oncoproteins NSD1, NSD2 and NSD3. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Overexpression of EZH2 in multiple myeloma is associated with poor prognosis and dysregulation of cell cycle control. Blood Cancer J 2017; 7:e549. [PMID: 28362441 PMCID: PMC5380911 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2017.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloma is heterogeneous at the molecular level with subgroups of patients characterised by features of epigenetic dysregulation. Outcomes for myeloma patients have improved over the past few decades except for molecularly defined high-risk patients who continue to do badly. Novel therapeutic approaches are, therefore, required. A growing number of epigenetic inhibitors are now available including EZH2 inhibitors that are in early-stage clinical trials for treatment of haematological and other cancers with EZH2 mutations or in which overexpression has been correlated with poor outcomes. For the first time, we have identified and validated a robust and independent deleterious effect of high EZH2 expression on outcomes in myeloma patients. Using two chemically distinct small-molecule inhibitors, we demonstrate a reduction in myeloma cell proliferation with EZH2 inhibition, which leads to cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis. This is mediated via upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors associated with removal of the inhibitory H3K27me3 mark at their gene loci. Our results suggest that EZH2 inhibition may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of myeloma and should be investigated in clinical studies.
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27
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Abstract
![]()
Post-translational
modifications of histones by protein methyltransferases
(PMTs) and histone demethylases (KDMs) play an important role in the
regulation of gene expression and transcription and are implicated
in cancer and many other diseases. Many of these enzymes also target
various nonhistone proteins impacting numerous crucial biological
pathways. Given their key biological functions and implications in
human diseases, there has been a growing interest in assessing these
enzymes as potential therapeutic targets. Consequently, discovering
and developing inhibitors of these enzymes has become a very active
and fast-growing research area over the past decade. In this review,
we cover the discovery, characterization, and biological application
of inhibitors of PMTs and KDMs with emphasis on key advancements in
the field. We also discuss challenges, opportunities, and future directions
in this emerging, exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ümit Kaniskan
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Michael L Martini
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jian Jin
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York 10029, United States
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28
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Ding LW, Sun QY, Tan KT, Chien W, Mayakonda A, Yeoh AEJ, Kawamata N, Nagata Y, Xiao JF, Loh XY, Lin DC, Garg M, Jiang YY, Xu L, Lim SL, Liu LZ, Madan V, Sanada M, Fernández LT, Hema Preethi SS, Lill M, Kantarjian HM, Kornblau SM, Miyano S, Liang DC, Ogawa S, Shih LY, Yang H, Koeffler HP. Mutational Landscape of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancer Res 2016; 77:390-400. [PMID: 27872090 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Current standard of care for patients with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is mainly effective, with high remission rates after treatment. However, the genetic perturbations that give rise to this disease remain largely undefined, limiting the ability to address resistant tumors or develop less toxic targeted therapies. Here, we report the use of next-generation sequencing to interrogate the genetic and pathogenic mechanisms of 240 pediatric ALL cases with their matched remission samples. Commonly mutated genes fell into several categories, including RAS/receptor tyrosine kinases, epigenetic regulators, transcription factors involved in lineage commitment, and the p53/cell-cycle pathway. Unique recurrent mutational hotspots were observed in epigenetic regulators CREBBP (R1446C/H), WHSC1 (E1099K), and the tyrosine kinase FLT3 (K663R, N676K). The mutant WHSC1 was established as a gain-of-function oncogene, while the epigenetic regulator ARID1A and transcription factor CTCF were functionally identified as potential tumor suppressors. Analysis of 28 diagnosis/relapse trio patients plus 10 relapse cases revealed four evolutionary paths and uncovered the ordering of acquisition of mutations in these patients. This study provides a detailed mutational portrait of pediatric ALL and gives insights into the molecular pathogenesis of this disease. Cancer Res; 77(2); 390-400. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Wen Ding
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiao-Yang Sun
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kar-Tong Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenwen Chien
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand Mayakonda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Allen Eng Juh Yeoh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norihiko Kawamata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yasunobu Nagata
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jin-Fen Xiao
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin-Yi Loh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De-Chen Lin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Manoj Garg
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan-Yi Jiang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Xu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su-Lin Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li-Zhen Liu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vikas Madan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masashi Sanada
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lucia Torres Fernández
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S S Hema Preethi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Lill
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hagop M Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Der-Cherng Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lee-Yung Shih
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
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29
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Tisi D, Chiarparin E, Tamanini E, Pathuri P, Coyle JE, Hold A, Holding FP, Amin N, Martin ACL, Rich SJ, Berdini V, Yon J, Acklam P, Burke R, Drouin L, Harmer JE, Jeganathan F, van Montfort RLM, Newbatt Y, Tortorici M, Westlake M, Wood A, Hoelder S, Heightman TD. Structure of the Epigenetic Oncogene MMSET and Inhibition by N-Alkyl Sinefungin Derivatives. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:3093-3105. [PMID: 27571355 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The members of the NSD subfamily of lysine methyl transferases are compelling oncology targets due to the recent characterization of gain-of-function mutations and translocations in several hematological cancers. To date, these proteins have proven intractable to small molecule inhibition. Here, we present initial efforts to identify inhibitors of MMSET (aka NSD2 or WHSC1) using solution phase and crystal structural methods. On the basis of 2D NMR experiments comparing NSD1 and MMSET structural mobility, we designed an MMSET construct with five point mutations in the N-terminal helix of its SET domain for crystallization experiments and elucidated the structure of the mutant MMSET SET domain at 2.1 Å resolution. Both NSD1 and MMSET crystal systems proved resistant to soaking or cocrystallography with inhibitors. However, use of the close homologue SETD2 as a structural surrogate supported the design and characterization of N-alkyl sinefungin derivatives, which showed low micromolar inhibition against both SETD2 and MMSET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Tisi
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436
Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB4 0QA
| | - Elisabetta Chiarparin
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436
Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB4 0QA
| | - Emiliano Tamanini
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436
Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB4 0QA
| | - Puja Pathuri
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436
Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB4 0QA
| | - Joseph E. Coyle
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436
Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB4 0QA
| | - Adam Hold
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436
Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB4 0QA
| | - Finn P. Holding
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436
Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB4 0QA
| | - Nader Amin
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436
Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB4 0QA
| | - Agnes C. L. Martin
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436
Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB4 0QA
| | - Sharna J. Rich
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436
Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB4 0QA
| | - Valerio Berdini
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436
Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB4 0QA
| | - Jeff Yon
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436
Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB4 0QA
| | - Paul Acklam
- CRUK
Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold
Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom SM2 5NG
| | - Rosemary Burke
- CRUK
Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold
Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom SM2 5NG
| | - Ludovic Drouin
- CRUK
Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold
Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom SM2 5NG
| | - Jenny E. Harmer
- CRUK
Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold
Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom SM2 5NG
| | - Fiona Jeganathan
- CRUK
Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold
Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom SM2 5NG
| | - Rob L. M. van Montfort
- CRUK
Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold
Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom SM2 5NG
| | - Yvette Newbatt
- CRUK
Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold
Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom SM2 5NG
| | - Marcello Tortorici
- CRUK
Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold
Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom SM2 5NG
| | - Maura Westlake
- CRUK
Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold
Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom SM2 5NG
| | - Amy Wood
- CRUK
Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold
Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom SM2 5NG
| | - Swen Hoelder
- CRUK
Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold
Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom SM2 5NG
| | - Tom D. Heightman
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436
Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB4 0QA
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30
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Mahajan N, Wu HJ, Bennett RL, Troche C, Licht JD, Weber JD, Maggi LB, Tomasson MH. Sabotaging of the oxidative stress response by an oncogenic noncoding RNA. FASEB J 2016; 31:482-490. [PMID: 28148777 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600654r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the multiple myeloma set domain (MMSET) Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 gene, which contains an orphan box H/ACA class small nucleolar RNA, ACA11, in an intron, is associated with several cancer types, including multiple myeloma (MM). ACA11 and MMSET are overexpressed cotranscriptionally as a result of the t(4;14) chromosomal translocation in a subset of patients with MM. RNA sequencing of CD138+ tumor cells from t(4;14)-positive and -negative MM patient bone marrow samples revealed an enhanced oxidative phosphorylation mRNA signature. Supporting these data, ACA11 overexpression in a t(4;14)-negative MM cell line, MM1.S, demonstrated enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In addition, an enhancement of cell proliferation, increased soft agar colony size, and elevated ERK1/2 phosphorylation were observed. This ACA11-driven hyperproliferative phenotype depended on increased ROS levels as exogenously added antioxidants attenuate the increased proliferation. A major transcriptional regulator of the cellular antioxidant response, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2), shuttled to the nucleus, as expected, in response to ACA11-driven increases in ROS; however, transcriptional up-regulation of some of NRF2's antioxidant target genes was abrogated in the presence of ACA11 overexpression. These data show for the first time that ACA11 promotes proliferation through inhibition of NRF2 function resulting in sustained ROS levels driving cancer cell proliferation.-Mahajan, N., Wu, H.-J., Bennett, R. L., Troche, C., Licht, J. D., Weber, J. D., Maggi, L. B., Jr., Tomasson, M. H. Sabotaging of the oxidative stress response by an oncogenic noncoding RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Mahajan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hua-Jun Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Richard L Bennett
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Catalina Troche
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jason D Weber
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Leonard B Maggi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Michael H Tomasson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
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H3K36 methyltransferases as cancer drug targets: rationale and perspectives for inhibitor development. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:1589-607. [PMID: 27548565 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation at histone 3, lysine 36 (H3K36) is a conserved epigenetic mark regulating gene transcription, alternative splicing and DNA repair. Genes encoding H3K36 methyltransferases (KMTases) are commonly overexpressed, mutated or involved in chromosomal translocations in cancer. Molecular biology studies have demonstrated that H3K36 KMTases regulate oncogenic transcriptional programs. Structural studies of the catalytic SET domain of H3K36 KMTases have revealed intriguing opportunities for design of small molecule inhibitors. Nevertheless, potent inhibitors for most H3K36 KMTases have not yet been developed, underlining the challenges associated with this target class. As we now have strong evidence linking H3K36 KMTases to cancer, drug development efforts are predicted to yield novel compounds in the near future.
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Wu SP, Pfeiffer RM, Ahn IE, Mailankody S, Sonneveld P, van Duin M, Munshi NC, Walker BA, Morgan G, Landgren O. Impact of Genes Highly Correlated with MMSET Myeloma on the Survival of Non-MMSET Myeloma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4039-44. [PMID: 26847058 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The poor prognosis of multiple myeloma with t(4;14) is driven by the fusion of genes encoding multiple myeloma SET domain (MMSET) and immunoglobulin heavy chain. Specific genes affected by MMSET and their clinical implications in non-MMSET myeloma remain undetermined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We obtained gene expression profiles of 1,032 newly diagnosed myeloma patients enrolled in Total Therapy 2, Total Therapy 3, Myeloma IX, and HOVON65-GMMGHD4 trials and 156 patients from Multiple Myeloma Resource Collection. Probes that correlated most with MMSET myeloma were selected on the basis of a multivariable linear regression and Bonferroni correction and refined on the basis of the strength of association with survival in non-MMSET patients. RESULTS Ten MMSET-like probes were associated with poor survival in non-MMSET myeloma. Non-MMSET myeloma patients in the highest quartile of the 10-gene signature (MMSET-like myeloma) had 5-year overall survival similar to that of MMSET myeloma [highest quartile vs. lowest quartile HR = 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-2.8 in MMSET-like myeloma; HR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.6-3.3 in MMSET myeloma]. Analyses of MMSET-like gene signature suggested the involvement of p53 and MYC pathways. CONCLUSIONS MMSET-like gene signature captures a subset of high-risk myeloma patients underrepresented by conventional risk stratification platforms and defines a distinct biologic subtype. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4039-44. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peter Wu
- Multiple Myeloma Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Biostatistics Branch, NCI, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Inhye E Ahn
- Multiple Myeloma Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sham Mailankody
- Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pieter Sonneveld
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark van Duin
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Lebow Institute of Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian A Walker
- Section of Haemato-Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Morgan
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Abstract
Abstract
The treatment of patients with myeloma has dramatically changed over the past decade due in part to the development of new agents and myeloma-specific targets. Despite these advancements, a group for whom the long-term benefit remains less clear are patients with genetically or clinically defined high-risk myeloma. In order to successfully treat these patients, it is important to first identify these patients, treat them with aggressive combination therapy, and employ the use of aggressive long-term maintenance therapy. Future directions include the use of new immune-based treatments (antibodies or cellular-based therapies) as well as target-driven approaches. Until these treatment approaches are better defined, this review will provide a potential treatment approach for standard- and high-risk myeloma that can be followed using agents and strategies that are currently available with the goal of improving progression-free and overall survival for these patients today.
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di Luccio E. Inhibition of Nuclear Receptor Binding SET Domain 2/Multiple Myeloma SET Domain by LEM-06 Implication for Epigenetic Cancer Therapies. J Cancer Prev 2015; 20:113-20. [PMID: 26151044 PMCID: PMC4492355 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2015.20.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma SET domain (MMSET)/nuclear receptor binding SET domain 2 (NSD2) is a lysine histone methyltransferase (HMTase) and bona fide oncoprotein found aberrantly expressed in several cancers, suggesting potential role for novel therapeutic strategies. In particular, MMSET/NSD2 is emerging as a target for therapeutic interventions against multiple myeloma, especially t(4;14) myeloma that is associated with a significantly worse prognosis than other biological subgroups. Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematological malignancy in the United States, after non-Hodgkin lymphoma and remains an incurable malignancy. Thus, effective therapeutic strategies are greatly needed. HMTases inhibitors are scarce and no NSDs inhibitors have been isolated. Methods: We used homology modeling, molecular modeling simulations, virtual ligand screening, computational chemistry software for structure-activity relationship and performed in vitro H3K36 histone lysine methylation inhibitory assay using recombinant human NSD2-SET and human H3.1 histone. Results: Here, we report the discovery of LEM-06, a hit small molecule inhibitor of NSD2, with an IC50 of 0.8 mM against H3K36 methylation in vitro. Conclusions: We propose LEM-06 as a hit inhibitor that is useful to further optimize for exploring the biology of NSD2. LEM-06 derivatives may pave the way to specific NSD2 inhibitors suitable for therapeutic efforts against malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric di Luccio
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Morishita M, Mevius D, di Luccio E. In vitro histone lysine methylation by NSD1, NSD2/MMSET/WHSC1 and NSD3/WHSC1L. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2014; 14:25. [PMID: 25494638 PMCID: PMC4280037 DOI: 10.1186/s12900-014-0025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Histone lysine methylation has a pivotal role in regulating the chromatin. Histone modifiers, including histone methyl transferases (HMTases), have clear roles in human carcinogenesis but the extent of their functions and regulation are not well understood. The NSD family of HMTases comprised of three members (NSD1, NSD2/MMSET/WHSC1, and NSD3/WHSC1L) are oncogenes aberrantly expressed in several cancers, suggesting their potential to serve as novel therapeutic targets. However, the substrate specificity of the NSDs and the molecular mechanism of histones H3 and H4 recognition and methylation have not yet been established. Results Herein, we investigated the in vitro mechanisms of histones H3 and H4 recognition and modifications by the catalytic domain of NSD family members. In this study, we quantified in vitro mono-, di- and tri- methylations on H3K4, H3K9, H3K27, H3K36, H3K79, and H4K20 by the carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) of NSD1, NSD2 and NSD3, using histone as substrate. Next, we used a molecular modelling approach and docked 6-mer peptides H3K4 a.a. 1-7; H3K9 a.a. 5-11; H3K27 a.a. 23-29; H3K36 a.a. 32-38; H3K79 a.a. 75-81; H4K20 a.a. 16-22 with the catalytic domain of the NSDs to provide insight into lysine-marks recognition and methylation on histones H3 and H4. Conclusions Our data highlight the versatility of NSD1, NSD2, and NSD3 for recognizing and methylating several histone lysine marks on histones H3 and H4. Our work provides a basis to design selective and specific NSDs inhibitors. We discuss the relevance of our findings for the development of NSD inhibitors amenable for novel chemotherapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12900-014-0025-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Morishita
- Kyungpook National University, School of Applied Biosciences, Life Sciences and Agriculture building #3, room 309, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu, Buk-gu, 702-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Damiaan Mevius
- Kyungpook National University, School of Applied Biosciences, Life Sciences and Agriculture building #3, room 309, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu, Buk-gu, 702-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eric di Luccio
- Kyungpook National University, School of Applied Biosciences, Life Sciences and Agriculture building #3, room 309, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu, Buk-gu, 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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Mirabella F, Murison A, Aronson LI, Wardell CP, Thompson AJ, Hanrahan SJ, Fok JHL, Pawlyn C, Kaiser MF, Walker BA, Davies FE, Morgan GJ. A novel functional role for MMSET in RNA processing based on the link between the REIIBP isoform and its interaction with the SMN complex. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99493. [PMID: 24923560 PMCID: PMC4055699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal translocation t(4;14) deregulates MMSET (WHSC1/NSD2) expression and is a poor prognostic factor in multiple myeloma (MM). MMSET encodes two major protein isoforms. We have characterized the role of the shorter isoform (REIIBP) in myeloma cells and identified a clear and novel interaction of REIIBP with members of the SMN (survival of motor neuron) complex that directly affects the assembly of the spliceosomal ribonucleic particles. Using RNA-seq we show that REIIBP influences the RNA splicing pattern of the cell. This new discovery provides novel insights into the understanding of MM pathology, and potential new leads for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Mirabella
- Centre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Murison
- Centre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren I. Aronson
- Centre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P. Wardell
- Centre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Thompson
- Proteomics Core Facility, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Hanrahan
- Proteomics Core Facility, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline H. L. Fok
- Centre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Pawlyn
- Centre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Martin F. Kaiser
- Centre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Brian A. Walker
- Centre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Faith E. Davies
- Centre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J. Morgan
- Centre for Myeloma Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
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