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Francica BJ, Holtz A, Lopez J, Freund D, Chen A, Wang D, Powell D, Kipper F, Panigrahy D, Dubois RN, Whiting CC, Prasit P, Dubensky TW. Dual Blockade of EP2 and EP4 Signaling is Required for Optimal Immune Activation and Antitumor Activity Against Prostaglandin-Expressing Tumors. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1486-1500. [PMID: 37559947 PMCID: PMC10408683 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
While the role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in promoting malignant progression is well established, how to optimally block the activity of PGE2 signaling remains to be demonstrated. Clinical trials with prostaglandin pathway targeted agents have shown activity but without sufficient significance or dose-limiting toxicities that have prevented approval. PGE2 signals through four receptors (EP1-4) to modulate tumor progression. EP2 and EP4 signaling exacerbates tumor pathology and is immunosuppressive through potentiating cAMP production. EP1 and EP3 signaling has the opposite effect through increasing IP3 and decreasing cAMP. Using available small-molecule antagonists of single EP receptors, the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib, or a novel dual EP2/EP4 antagonist generated in this investigation, we tested which approach to block PGE2 signaling optimally restored immunologic activity in mouse and human immune cells and antitumor activity in syngeneic, spontaneous, and xenograft tumor models. We found that dual antagonism of EP2 and EP4 together significantly enhanced the activation of PGE2-suppressed mouse and human monocytes and CD8+ T cells in vitro as compared with single EP antagonists. CD8+ T-cell activation was dampened by single EP1 and EP3 antagonists. Dual EP2/EP4 PGE2 receptor antagonists increased tumor microenvironment lymphocyte infiltration and significantly reduced disease burden in multiple tumor models, including in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)min+/- spontaneous colorectal tumor model, compared with celecoxib. These results support a hypothesis that redundancy of EP2 and EP4 receptor signaling necessitates a therapeutic strategy of dual blockade of EP2 and EP4. Here we describe TPST-1495, a first-in-class orally available small-molecule dual EP2/EP4 antagonist. Significance Prostaglandin (PGE2) drives tumor progression but the pathway has not been effectively drugged. We demonstrate significantly enhanced immunologic potency and antitumor activity through blockade of EP2 and EP4 PGE2 receptor signaling together with a single molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Holtz
- Tempest Therapeutics, Brisbane, California
| | | | | | | | - Dingzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Franciele Kipper
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raymond N. Dubois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Yuan F, Yin XY, Huang Y, Cai XW, Jin L, Dai GC, Zang YC, Sun Y, Liu XL, Xue BX. Exosomal miR-93-5p as an important driver of bladder cancer progression. Transl Androl Urol 2023; 12:286-299. [PMID: 36915886 PMCID: PMC10006004 DOI: 10.21037/tau-22-872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-derived exosomes are involved in the process of tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the most widely investigated factors in exosomes. Therefore, we hope to find a new therapeutic target in bladder cancer (BLCA), which has high incidence rate and mortality. Methods Exosomal microRNA(miR)-93-5p expression level, downstream target molecules, and biological functions were examined with bioinformatics technology. Exosomes were extracted by sequential differential centrifugation and verified by transmission electron microscopy. The exosomal miR-93-5p on cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis abilities in 5637 and T24 cells was determined by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8), colony-forming assay, Transwell assay, and vascular ring formation assay. A mouse xenograft model with intratumor injection was adopted to evaluate the correlation between BLCA-derived exosomes and tumor growth in vivo. Results The results revealed that exosomes play an important role in the biological progression of BLCA, with miR-93-5p being a particularly important molecule. Compared to normal cells, more malignant cells release more exosomal miR-93-5p, and tumor-derived exosomal miR-93-5p could significantly promote cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We identified phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) as the most significant target of miR-93-5p in BLCA and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Conclusions Our study successfully revealed the biological role and mechanism of BLCA-derived exosomes in tumor progression. Target at tumor exosomes and exosomal miR-93-5p may be an effective treatment in BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yuan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yin
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Cai
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guang-Cheng Dai
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ya-Cheng Zang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Sun
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo-Xin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Li L, Zhang Y, Qin L. Effect of celecoxib plus standard chemotherapy on cancer prognosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13973. [PMID: 36807298 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is closely related to cancer prognosis. The effect of celecoxib, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on the prognosis of patients with cancer remains uncertain. To assess the association between celecoxib plus standard chemotherapy and cancer prognosis, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception until July 2022 for randomized controlled trials reporting the prognosis of patients with cancer treated with celecoxib plus standard chemotherapy. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software version 5.4. The following search terms were used in the databases: ((((celecoxib)) AND ((((((((cancer) OR (carcinoma)) OR (sarcoma)) OR (neoplasms)) OR (tumor)) OR (tumour)) OR (tumors)) OR (tumours))) AND ((survival) OR (mortality))) AND (((Clinical Trials, Randomized) OR (Trials, Randomized Clinical)) OR (Controlled Clinical Trials, Randomized)). RESULTS Overall, 13 randomized controlled trials, including 8957 patients with cancer, were included in the analysis. Compared to conventional chemotherapy alone, 1-year OS and 1-year PFS rates were not significantly improved with celecoxib adjuvant therapy (OS: p = .38; PFS: p = .65). In addition, no differences were observed between the celecoxib and placebo groups in 3-year overall (p = .98), 3-year progression-free (p = .40), 5-year overall (p = .59), or 5-year progression-free (p = .56) survival rates. An increase in the risk ratio of leukopenia (p = .02) and thrombocytopenia (p = .05) was also observed, suggesting that celecoxib promotes hematologic toxicity. No increased risk of cardiovascular (p = .96) and gastrointestinal (p = .10-.91) events was observed. CONCLUSIONS The addition of celecoxib to standard chemotherapy did not improve OS or PFS rates of patients with cancer. Additionally, celecoxib can increase hematologic toxicity without increasing the risk of gastrointestinal or cardiovascular reactions. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to clarify its effects and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingrui Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Guo Z, Sui J, Li Y, Wei Q, Wei C, Xiu L, Zhu R, Sun Y, Hu J, Li JL. GE11 peptide-decorated acidity-responsive micelles for improved drug delivery and enhanced combination therapy of metastatic breast cancer. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9266-9279. [PMID: 36342458 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01816k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-mediated drug delivery systems suffer from insufficient retention in tumor tissues and unreliable drug release at specific target sites. Herein, we developed an epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted multifunctional micellar nanoplatform (GE11-DOX+CEL-M) by encapsulating celecoxib into polymeric micelles based on the conjugate of GE11-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(trimethylene carbonate) with doxorubicin to suppress tumor growth and metastasis. The polymeric micelles maintained stable nanostructures under physiological conditions but quickly disintegrated in a weakly acidic environment, which is conducive to controlled drug release. Importantly, GE11-DOX+CEL-M micelles effectively delivered the drug combination to tumor sites and enhanced tumor cell uptake through GE11-mediated active tumor targeting. Subsequently, GE11-DOX+CEL-M micelles dissociated in response to intracellular slightly acidic microenvironmental stimuli, resulting in rapid release of celecoxib and doxorubicin to synergistically inhibit the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. Systemic administration of GE11-DOX+CEL-M micelles into mice bearing subcutaneous 4T1 tumor models resulted in higher tumor growth suppression and decreased lung metastasis of tumor cells compared with micelles without GE11 decoration or delivering only doxorubicin. Furthermore, the micelles effectively reduced the systemic toxicity of the chemotherapy drugs. This nanotherapeutic system provides a promising strategy for safe and effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China. .,Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, 3-11 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Junhui Sui
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China. .,College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yumei Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Qinchuan Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Cailing Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Linyun Xiu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Ruohua Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Yong Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Jianshe Hu
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, 3-11 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Ji-Liang Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Jinlian Road, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Ren Y, Zhang Q, Yi P, Cheng C. Metabolic modulation of immune checkpoints and novel therapeutic strategies in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:542-565. [PMID: 35151845 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) or programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-based immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have led to significant improvements in the overall survival of patients with certain cancers and are expected to benefit patients by achieving complete, long-lasting remissions and cure. However, some patients who receive ICIs either fail treatment or eventually develop immunotherapy resistance. The existence of such patients necessitates a deeper understanding of cancer progression, specifically nutrient regulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes both metabolic cross-talk between metabolites and tumor cells, and intracellular metabolism in immune and cancer cells. Here we review the features and behaviors of the TME and discuss the recently identified major immune checkpoints. We comprehensively and systematically summarize the metabolic modulation of tumor immunity and immune checkpoints in the TME, including glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and other metabolic pathways, and further discuss the potential metabolism-based therapeutic strategies tested in preclinical and clinical settings. These findings will help to determine the existence of a link or crosstalk between tumor metabolism and immunotherapy, which will provide an important insight into cancer treatment and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yuya Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Yifei Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China.
| | - Chunming Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43221, United States.
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Shin VY, Liu MX, Siu JMT, Kwong A, Chu KM. Inhibition of EP2 receptor suppresses tumor growth and chemoresistance of gastric cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4680-4692. [PMID: 36381319 PMCID: PMC9641405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world. Early diagnosis and effective chemotherapy are vital to reduce the overall mortality. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been implicated as an important factor in gastric cancer carcinogenesis. ECF based regimen (epirubicin, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil) is the first-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. However, patients develop resistance after chemotherapy. The aim of this study is sought to investigate the role of EP2 receptor, a PGE2 receptor, and the antagonism of EP2 receptor in response to ECF treatment. Expression of EP2 receptor was evaluated in gastric cancer tissue samples and cell lines. Cell proliferation and cell apoptosis assays were performed in vitro and in vivo, upon knockdown of EP2 receptor, antagonist of EP2 receptor and/or ECF treatment. Western Blot was applied for evaluation of proteins relating to cell cycle, apoptosis and drug transporter. Next generation sequencing and ingenuity pathway analysis were applied for screening for downstream targets of EP2 receptor. Expressions of the targets of EP2 receptor were further evaluated in gastric cancer cells and tissues. In this study, we found that expression of EP2 receptor was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer. Inhibition of EP2 receptor reduced gastric cancer cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest proteins, and enhanced cell apoptosis. Moreover, knockdown of EP2 receptor by siRNA or antagonist sensitized gastric cancer cells to ECF. Silence of EP2 receptor also significantly abrogated gastric cancer growth in a mice model. Analysis revealed that CAV1 was a downstream target of EP2 receptor in gastric cancer. Our findings illustrated that blocking EP2 receptor reduced tumor growth and induced apoptosis in gastric cancer. This novel study unraveled CAV1 was a downstream target of EP2 receptor. Antagonizing EP2 receptor could be a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer, in particular those with high EP2 receptor expression.
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An HDAC9-associated immune-related signature predicts bladder cancer prognosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264527. [PMID: 35239708 PMCID: PMC8893690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The close relationship between histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) and immunity has attracted attention. We constructed an immune signature for HDAC9, a vital epigenetic modification, to predict the survival status and treatment benefits in bladder cancer (BC). Methods An exhaustive analysis of HDAC9 and immunology via the tumor and immune system interaction database (TISIDB) was performed, and an immune prognostic risk signature was developed based on genes enriched in the top five immune-related pathways under high HDAC9 status. Comprehensive analysis of survival curves and Cox regression were used to estimate the effectiveness of the risk signature. The relationship between immunological characteristics and the risk score was evaluated, and the mechanisms were also explored. Results In the TISIDB, HDAC9 was closely related to various immunological characteristics. The risk signature was obtained based on genes related to prognosis enriched in the top five immune-related pathways under high HDAC9 status. The survival rate of the high-risk BC patients was poor. The risk score was closely related to multiple immunological characteristics, drug sensitivity, immunotherapy benefits and biofunctions. Conclusion An immune-related prognostic signature established for HDAC9 expression status could independently predict the prognosis of BC patients. The use of this signature could help clinicians make personalized treatment decisions.
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Garrido MP, Fredes AN, Lobos-González L, Valenzuela-Valderrama M, Vera DB, Romero C. Current Treatments and New Possible Complementary Therapies for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 10:77. [PMID: 35052757 PMCID: PMC8772950 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the deadliest gynaecological malignancies. The late diagnosis is frequent due to the absence of specific symptomatology and the molecular complexity of the disease, which includes a high angiogenesis potential. The first-line treatment is based on optimal debulking surgery following chemotherapy with platinum/gemcitabine and taxane compounds. During the last years, anti-angiogenic therapy and poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerases (PARP)-inhibitors were introduced in therapeutic schemes. Several studies have shown that these drugs increase the progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with ovarian cancer, but the identification of patients who have the greatest benefits is still under investigation. In the present review, we discuss about the molecular characteristics of the disease, the recent evidence of approved treatments and the new possible complementary approaches, focusing on drug repurposing, non-coding RNAs, and nanomedicine as a new method for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza P. Garrido
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Biología de la Reproducción, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (A.N.F.); (D.B.V.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Allison N. Fredes
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Biología de la Reproducción, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (A.N.F.); (D.B.V.)
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Manuel Valenzuela-Valderrama
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Daniela B. Vera
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Biología de la Reproducción, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (A.N.F.); (D.B.V.)
| | - Carmen Romero
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Biología de la Reproducción, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (A.N.F.); (D.B.V.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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Androgen Receptor Signaling Induces Cisplatin Resistance via Down-Regulating GULP1 Expression in Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810030. [PMID: 34576193 PMCID: PMC8466436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying molecular mechanisms of resistance to cisplatin-based systemic chemotherapy in bladder cancer patients remain to be elucidated, while the link between androgen receptor (AR) activity and chemosensitivity in urothelial cancer has been implicated. Our DNA microarray analysis in control vs. AR knockdown bladder cancer lines identified GULP1 as a potential target of AR signaling. We herein determined the relationship between AR activity and GULP1 expression in bladder cancer cells and then assessed the functional role of GULP1 in cisplatin sensitivity. Androgen treatment in AR-positive cells or AR overexpression in AR-negative cells considerably reduced the levels of GULP1 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation further showed direct interaction of AR with the promoter region of GULP1. Meanwhile, GULP1 knockdown sublines were significantly more resistant to cisplatin treatment compared with respective controls. GULP1 knockdown also resulted in a significant decrease in apoptosis, as well as a significant increase in G2/M phases, when treated with cisplatin. In addition, GULP1 was immunoreactive in 74% of muscle-invasive bladder cancers from patients who had subsequently undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including 53% of responders showing moderate (2+)/strong (3+) expression vs. 23% of non-responders showing 2+/3+ expression (P = 0.044). These findings indicate that GULP1 represents a key downstream effector of AR signaling in enhancing sensitivity to cisplatin treatment.
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Inflammation and tumor progression: signaling pathways and targeted intervention. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:263. [PMID: 34248142 PMCID: PMC8273155 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 804] [Impact Index Per Article: 268.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which either promotes or suppresses tumor progression, potentially displaying opposing effects on therapeutic outcomes. Chronic inflammation facilitates tumor progression and treatment resistance, whereas induction of acute inflammatory reactions often stimulates the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and antigen presentation, leading to anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, multiple signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT), toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways, cGAS/STING, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); inflammatory factors, including cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL), interferon (IFN), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), chemokines (e.g., C-C motif chemokine ligands (CCLs) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligands (CXCLs)), growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β), and inflammasome; as well as inflammatory metabolites including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxane, and specialized proresolving mediators (SPM), have been identified as pivotal regulators of the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Nowadays, local irradiation, recombinant cytokines, neutralizing antibodies, small-molecule inhibitors, DC vaccines, oncolytic viruses, TLR agonists, and SPM have been developed to specifically modulate inflammation in cancer therapy, with some of these factors already undergoing clinical trials. Herein, we discuss the initiation and resolution of inflammation, the crosstalk between tumor development and inflammatory processes. We also highlight potential targets for harnessing inflammation in the treatment of cancer.
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Abouelkheir M, Shabaan DA, Shahien MA. Delayed blockage of prostaglandin EP 4 receptors can reduce dedifferentiation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis following acute kidney injury. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:791-800. [PMID: 33634509 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dedifferentiation of tubular epithelial cells is involved in both regeneration and fibrosis following acute kidney injury (AKI). Prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4 ) antagonist can inhibit the dedifferentiation of renal tubular cells. The present study investigated whether the time of blockage of EP4 receptors, using grapiprant, could affect the tubular regeneration or interstitial fibrosis in AKI. Cisplatin was used to induce AKI in 72 C57BL/6 adult female mice. Animals were assigned to four groups; control, cisplatin-treated, cisplatin-treated with early grapiprant intervention and cisplatin-treated with late grapiprant intervention. AKI was assessed by kidney function tests and histopathology. Fibrosis was evaluated by Masson's trichrome and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. Markers of dedifferentiation, CD133, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), vimentin were assessed. Early intervention with grapiprant significantly ameliorated AKI more efficiently than late intervention. However, even late intervention was useful in reducing the overall fibrosis as demonstrated by Masson's trichrome and α-SMA expression. In both grapiprant-treated groups, a parallel reduction of dedifferentiation (CD133) and EMT (vimentin) was evident. It seems that the progressive fibrotic changes that follow AKI could still be reduced possibly by targeting dedifferentiation and/or EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abouelkheir
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Shabaan
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Awad Shahien
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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NFκB-Activated COX2/PGE 2/EP4 Axis Controls the Magnitude and Selectivity of BCG-Induced Inflammation in Human Bladder Cancer Tissues. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061323. [PMID: 33809455 PMCID: PMC7998891 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The clinical effectiveness of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is limited to patients with early stages of bladder cancer (BlCa) and its effects are often transient. To understand the mechanisms limiting the effectiveness of BCG, we evaluated its impact on the human BlCa tumor microenvironment (TME) and the feasibility of its pharmacologic modulation. We observed that BCG non-selectively induces both CTL-attracting chemokines and Treg/MDSC attractants and suppressive factors in human BlCa tissue explants, in a mechanism involving NFκB-induced PGE2 synthesis and EP4 signaling. In contrast to non-selective impact of NFκB blockade on BCG-induced inflammation, the PGE2 antagonism selectively enhanced the BCG-driven production of CTL attractants but eliminated the induction of Treg/MDSC attractants and suppressive factors, enhancing the CTL migration but reducing Treg attraction to BCG-treated BlCa. Since intratumoral CTL accumulation predicts long term patient outcomes and the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies, our data indicates the feasibility of targeting the PGE2-chemokine interplay to enhance the therapeutic effects of BCG. Abstract Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is commonly used in the immunotherapy of bladder cancer (BlCa) but its effectiveness is limited to only a fraction of patients. To identify the factors that regulate the response of human BlCa tumor microenvironment (TME) to BCG, we used the ex vivo whole-tissue explant model. The levels of COX2 in the BCG-activated explants closely correlated with the local production of Treg- and MDSCS attractants and suppressive factors, while the baseline COX2 levels did not have predictive value. Accordingly, we observed that BCG induced high levels of MDSC- and Treg-attracting chemokines (CCL22, CXCL8, CXCL12) and suppressive factors (IDO1, IL-10, NOS2). These undesirable effects were associated with the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated NFκB, induction of COX2, the key enzyme controlling PGE2 synthesis, and elevation of a PGE2 receptor, EP4. While NFκB blockade suppressed both the desirable and undesirable components of BCG-driven inflammation, the inhibitors of PGE2 synthesis (Celecoxib or Indomethacin) or signaling (EP4-selective blocker, ARY-007), selectively eliminated the induction of MDSC/Treg attractants and immunosuppressive factors but enhanced the production of CTL attractants, CCL5, CXCL9 and CXCL10. PGE2 blockade allowed for the selectively enhanced migration of CTLs to the BCG-treated BlCa samples and eliminated the enhanced migration of Tregs. Since the balance between the CTLs and suppressive cells in the TME predicts the outcomes in patients with BlCa and other diseases, our data help to elucidate the mechanisms which limit the effectiveness of BCG therapies and identify new targets to enhance their therapeutic effects.
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Unraveling the Molecular Nexus between GPCRs, ERS, and EMT. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6655417. [PMID: 33746610 PMCID: PMC7943314 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a large family of transmembrane proteins that transduce an external stimulus into a variety of cellular responses. They play a critical role in various pathological conditions in humans, including cancer, by regulating a number of key processes involved in tumor formation and progression. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process in promoting cancer cell invasion and tumor dissemination leading to metastasis, an often intractable state of the disease. Uncontrolled proliferation and persistent metabolism of cancer cells also induce oxidative stress, hypoxia, and depletion of growth factors and nutrients. These disturbances lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induce a cellular condition called ER stress (ERS) which is counteracted by activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Many GPCRs modulate ERS and UPR signaling via ERS sensors, IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6, to support cancer cell survival and inhibit cell death. By regulating downstream signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and Wnt/β-catenin, GPCRs also upregulate mesenchymal transcription factors including Snail, ZEB, and Twist superfamilies which regulate cell polarity, cytoskeleton remodeling, migration, and invasion. Likewise, ERS-induced UPR upregulates gene transcription and expression of proteins related to EMT enhancing tumor aggressiveness. Though GPCRs are attractive therapeutic targets in cancer biology, much less is known about their roles in regulating ERS and EMT. Here, we will discuss the interplay in GPCR-ERS linked to the EMT process of cancer cells, with a particular focus on oncogenes and molecular signaling pathways.
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Identification of BXDC2 as a Key Downstream Effector of the Androgen Receptor in Modulating Cisplatin Sensitivity in Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050975. [PMID: 33652650 PMCID: PMC7956795 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It remains unclear why chemotherapy is often ineffective in patients with bladder cancer. Meanwhile, we previously reported that male sex hormones (i.e., androgens) could considerably reduce the efficacy of cisplatin, an anti-cancer drug used as the first-line treatment against advanced bladder cancer. The present study aimed to investigate how androgen receptor signaling, which is activated by binding of androgenic hormones, modulates sensitivity to cisplatin treatment in bladder cancer, using cell line models and surgical specimens. We found that the expression levels of the androgen receptor and a molecule (BXDC2) were inversely correlated and that loss of BXDC2 was associated with cisplatin resistance. We thus provide evidence to suggest an underlying molecular mechanism responsible for androgen receptor-induced chemoresistance in bladder cancer. Abstract Underlying mechanisms for resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in bladder cancer patients are largely unknown, although androgen receptor (AR) activity, as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, has been indicated to correlate with chemosensitivity. We also previously showed ERK activation by androgen treatment in AR-positive bladder cancer cells. Because our DNA microarray analysis in control vs. AR-knockdown bladder cancer lines identified BXDC2 as a potential downstream target of AR, we herein assessed its functional role in cisplatin sensitivity, using bladder cancer lines and surgical specimens. BXDC2 protein expression was considerably downregulated in AR-positive or cisplatin-resistant cells. BXDC2-knockdown sublines were significantly more resistant to cisplatin, compared with respective controls. Without cisplatin treatment, BXDC2-knockdown resulted in significant increases/decreases in cell proliferation/apoptosis, respectively. An ERK activator was also found to reduce BXDC2 expression. Immunohistochemistry showed downregulation of BXDC2 expression in tumor (vs. non-neoplastic urothelium), higher grade/stage tumor (vs. lower grade/stage), and AR-positive tumor (vs. AR-negative). Patients with BXDC2-positive/AR-negative muscle-invasive bladder cancer had a significantly lower risk of disease-specific mortality, compared to those with a BXDC2-negative/AR-positive tumor. Additionally, in those undergoing cisplatin-based chemotherapy, BXDC2 positivity alone (p = 0.083) or together with AR negativity (p = 0.047) was associated with favorable response. We identified BXDC2 as a key molecule in enhancing cisplatin sensitivity. AR-ERK activation may thus be associated with chemoresistance via downregulating BXDC2 expression in bladder cancer.
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Hernández IB, Kromhout JZ, Teske E, Hennink WE, van Nimwegen SA, Oliveira S. Molecular targets for anticancer therapies in companion animals and humans: what can we learn from each other? Theranostics 2021; 11:3882-3897. [PMID: 33664868 PMCID: PMC7914358 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite clinical successes in the treatment of some early stage cancers, it is undeniable that novel and innovative approaches are needed to aid in the fight against cancer. Targeted therapies offer the desirable feature of tumor specificity while sparing healthy tissues, thereby minimizing side effects. However, the success rate of translation of these therapies from the preclinical setting to the clinic is dramatically low, highlighting an important point of necessary improvement in the drug development process in the oncology field. The practice of a comparative oncology approach can address some of the current issues, by introducing companion animals with spontaneous tumors in the linear drug development programs. In this way, animals from the veterinary clinic get access to novel/innovative therapies, otherwise inaccessible, while generating robust data to aid therapy refinement and increase translational success. In this review, we present an overview of targetable membrane proteins expressed in the most well-characterized canine and feline solid cancers, greatly resembling the counterpart human malignancies. We identified particular areas in which a closer collaboration between the human and veterinary clinic would benefit both human and veterinary patients. Considerations and challenges to implement comparative oncology in the development of anticancer targeted therapies are also discussed.
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Shan G, Zhou X, Gu J, Zhou D, Cheng W, Wu H, Wang Y, Tang T, Wang X. Downregulated exosomal microRNA-148b-3p in cancer associated fibroblasts enhance chemosensitivity of bladder cancer cells by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and upregulating PTEN. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:45-59. [PMID: 33423167 PMCID: PMC7906940 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Exosomes derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known as important drivers of tumor progression. Previously, microRNA (miR)-148b-3p has been found to be upregulated in bladder cancers as well as in body fluids (blood, urine) of bladder cancer patients. Here, we aimed to explore the role of CAF-derived exosome miR-148b-3p in bladder cancer progression and chemosensitivity. Methods Transwell, MTT, flow cytometry and colony formation assays were applied to assess the effects of CAF-derived exosomes on bladder cancer cell metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemosensitivity. A dual luciferase reporter assay was employed to evaluate the targeting relationship between miR-148b-3p and PTEN. Gain- and loss- of function assays were conducted to explore the roles of miR-148b-3p and PTEN in the behavior of bladder cancer cells. The role of PTEN in the metastasis, EMT and chemosensitivity of bladder cancer cells was assessed both in vivo and in vitro. Results We found that CAF-derived exosomes promoted the metastasis, EMT and drug resistance of bladder cancer cells. We also found that CAF-derived exosomes could directly transport miR-148b-3p into bladder cancer cells. In a xenograft mouse model we found that CAF-derived exosomes increased miR-148b-3p expression levels and promoted tumor proliferation, metastasis and drug resistance. PTEN was validated as a target of miR-148b-3p. Concordantly, we found that PTEN overexpression inhibited EMT, metastasis and chemoresistance in bladder cancer cells, reversing the tumor promoting effects of miR-148b-3p via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions Our results suggest that miR-148b-3p downregulation in CAF-derived exosomes, thereby inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promoting PTEN expression, may offer potential opportunities for bladder cancer treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13402-020-00500-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Shan
- Department of Urology, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xike Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Nanjing Medical University, 1215 Guangrui Road, Jiangsu, 214000, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, The Medical School of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214000, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Gu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Nanjing Medical University, 1215 Guangrui Road, Jiangsu, 214000, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, The Medical School of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214000, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoping Zhou
- Center for Precision Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Center for Precision Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiguo Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Science, Massachusetts University, MA, 02125, Boston, USA
| | - Tian Tang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, 430060, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, The Medical School of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214000, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Precision Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Finetti F, Travelli C, Ercoli J, Colombo G, Buoso E, Trabalzini L. Prostaglandin E2 and Cancer: Insight into Tumor Progression and Immunity. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E434. [PMID: 33271839 PMCID: PMC7760298 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of inflammation in cancer progression has been the subject of research for many years. Inflammatory milieu and immune response are associated with cancer progression and recurrence. In different types of tumors, growth and metastatic phenotype characterized by the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, stemness, and angiogenesis, are increasingly associated with intrinsic or extrinsic inflammation. Among the inflammatory mediators, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) supports epithelial tumor aggressiveness by several mechanisms, including growth promotion, escape from apoptosis, transactivation of tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors, and induction of angiogenesis. Moreover, PGE2 is an important player in the tumor microenvironment, where it suppresses antitumor immunity and regulates tumor immune evasion, leading to increased tumoral progression. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on the pro-tumoral activity of PGE2 focusing on its role in cancer progression and in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Finetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Jasmine Ercoli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Erica Buoso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Lorenza Trabalzini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
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Ide H, Goto T, Teramoto Y, Mizushima T, Jiang G, Nagata Y, Inoue S, Baras AS, Kashiwagi E, Miyamoto H. FOXO1 inactivation induces cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3397-3400. [PMID: 32678492 PMCID: PMC7469822 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We found that FOXO1-shRNA sublines or FOXO1-positive cells co-treated with a FOXO1 inhibitor were significantly more resistant to cisplatin treatment at pharmacological concentrations, compared with respective control sublines or those with mock treatment. Western blot demonstrated considerable increases in the expression levels of a phosphorylated inactive form of FOXO1 (p-FOXO1) in cisplatin-resistant sublines established by long-term culture with low/increasing doses of cisplatin, compared with respective controls. Immunohistochemistry in surgical specimens from patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing cisplatin-based neoadjuvant therapy further showed a strong trend to associate between p-FOXO1 positivity and unfavorable response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ide
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of UrologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takuro Goto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Yuki Teramoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Taichi Mizushima
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Guiyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Yujiro Nagata
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
| | - Alexander S. Baras
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Eiji Kashiwagi
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA
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Goto T, Kashiwagi E, Jiang G, Nagata Y, Teramoto Y, Baras AS, Yamashita S, Ito A, Arai Y, Miyamoto H. Estrogen receptor-β signaling induces cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2523-2534. [PMID: 32905529 PMCID: PMC7471368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with bladder cancer is often limited due to the development of therapeutic resistance. Our recent findings in bladder cancer suggested that activation of prostaglandin receptors (e.g. EP2, EP4) or cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 induced cisplatin resistance. Meanwhile, emerging evidence indicates the involvement of estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) signals in urothelial cancer progression. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether ERβ activity was associated with cisplatin sensitivity in bladder cancer. Immunohistochemistry in muscle-invasive bladder cancer specimens from 55 patients who had subsequently received at least 3 cycles of cisplatin + gemcitabine neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed that ERβ was positive in 38% of responders vs. 71% of non-responders (P = 0.016), including 42% of male responders vs. 65% of male non-responders (P = 0.142) and 20% of female responders vs. 100% of female non-responders (P = 0.048). Then, cisplatin cytotoxicity was compared in human bladder cancer cell lines. Control sublines endogenously expressing ERβ were significantly more resistant to cisplatin treatment at its pharmacological concentrations, compared with ERβ knockdown sublines via short hairpin RNA virus infection. An ER modulator tamoxifen increased sensitivity to cisplatin in ERα-negative/ERβ-positive cell lines, while, in an estrogen-depleted condition, 17β-estradiol reduced it. Additionally, western blot showed considerable elevation in ERβ expression in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer sublines, compared with respective controls. Moreover, treatment with tamoxifen or a COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib increased cisplatin sensitivity even in resistant cells, while COX-2/EP2/EP4 inhibitor treatment resulted in reduced expression of ERβ. The expression and activity of β-catenin known to involve cisplatin resistance was also up-regulated in cisplatin-resistant cells, which was further induced by 17β-estradiol treatment. The present results suggest that estrogen-mediated ERβ signaling plays an important role in modulating cisplatin sensitivity in bladder cancer cells. Targeting ERβ during chemotherapy may thus be a useful strategy to overcome cisplatin resistance especially in female patients with ERβ-positive bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Goto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Kashiwagi
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guiyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
| | - Yujiro Nagata
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuki Teramoto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
| | - Alexander S Baras
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shinichi Yamashita
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendai, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendai, Japan
| | - Yoichi Arai
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendai, Japan
- Department of Urology, Miyagi Cancer CenterNatori, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA
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Musser ML, Viall AK, Phillips RL, Hostetter JM, Johannes CM. Gene expression of prostaglandin EP4 receptor in three canine carcinomas. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:213. [PMID: 32571310 PMCID: PMC7310232 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation mediated by the cyclooxygenase enzymes, specifically their product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), can result in the development of cancer. PGE2 promotes cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis through interaction with its specific receptors (EP1 receptor - EP4 receptor [EP1R-EP4R]). In multiple human cancers, the expression of EP4R is associated with the development of malignancy and a poor prognosis. The expression of EP4R has not yet been evaluated in canine tumors. The aim of this study was to characterize the mRNA gene expression of EP4R (ptger4) in canine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA), and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Archived tumor samples of canine cutaneous SCC (n = 9), AGASACA (n = 9), and TCC (n = 9), and matched archived normal tissue controls were evaluated for mRNA expression of canine EP4R using RNA in situ hybridization (RNAscope®). Quantification of RNAscope® signals in tissue sections was completed with an advanced digital pathology image analysis system (HALO). Data was expressed as copy number, H-index, and percent tumor cell expression of EP4R. RESULTS In all canine SCC, AGASACA, and TCC samples evaluated, strong universal positive expression of EP4R was identified. For SCC and AGASACA, mRNA EP4R expression was statistically higher than that of their respective normal tissues. The TCC tissues displayed significantly less mRNA EP4R expression when compared to normal bladder mucosa. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the mRNA expression of canine EP4R in all tumor types evaluated, with SCC and AGASACA displaying the highest expression, and TCC displaying the lowest expression. This study also represents the first reported veterinary evaluation of EP4R expression using the novel in situ hybridization technique, RNAscope®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Musser
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Austin K Viall
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rachel L Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jesse M Hostetter
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA.,Present address: University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
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Kashiwagi E, Abe T, Kinoshita F, Ushijima M, Masaoka H, Shiota M, Netto GJ, Eto M, Miyamoto H. The role of adipocytokines and their receptors in bladder cancer: expression of adiponectin or leptin is an independent prognosticator. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:3033-3045. [PMID: 32655828 PMCID: PMC7344091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytokines such as leptin and adiponectin have functions in metabolism as well as the development and progression of various types of malignancies. However, little is known about their role in bladder cancer. In this study, we investigated whether leptin, adiponectin, and their receptors have an impact on bladder cancer outgrowth and the mechanisms involved. We performed immunohistochemistry for leptin, leptin receptor (Ob-R), adiponectin, and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1, AdipoR2) in bladder cancer tissue microarrays. Wound healing assay and western blot were then performed in human bladder cancer lines. The positive rates (0 vs 1+/2+/3+) of Ob-R (P=0.004), adiponectin (P<0.001), AdipoR1 (P=0.016), and AdipoR2 (P<0.001) expression were significantly higher in bladder tumors than in benign urothelial tissues. Strong (3+) leptin expression tended to be present more often in tumors (10.2%; P=0.079) than in benign tissues (3.2%). Multivariate analysis revealed a lower risk of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR]=0.432; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.198-0.942; P=0.034) in patients with an adiponectin-positive non-muscle-invasive tumor and a higher risk of progression (HR=5.148, 95% CI=1.190-22.273; P=0.028) in patients with a leptin-positive muscle-invasive tumor. Treatment of two bladder cancer cell lines with a synthetic adiponectin inhibited their migration and the expressions of phospho-NF-κB, NF-κB, snail, slug, Y-box-binding protein 1, and COX-2, whereas leptin showed reverse effects. Downregulation of adiponectin expression and upregulation of leptin expression were independent predictors for the recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder tumors and progression of muscle-invasive bladder tumors, respectively. In summary, synthetic adiponectin might exhibit antitumor activity against bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kashiwagi
- Department of Urology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical SciencesFukuoka 8128582, Japan
- Department of Pathology and James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Tatsuro Abe
- Department of Urology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical SciencesFukuoka 8128582, Japan
| | - Fumio Kinoshita
- Department of Urology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical SciencesFukuoka 8128582, Japan
| | - Miho Ushijima
- Department of Urology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical SciencesFukuoka 8128582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Masaoka
- Department of Urology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical SciencesFukuoka 8128582, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical SciencesFukuoka 8128582, Japan
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology and James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical SciencesFukuoka 8128582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology and James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Urology, and James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY 14642, USA
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22
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Samarghandian S, Najafi M. PTEN: What we know of the function and regulation of this onco-suppressor factor in bladder cancer? Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173226. [PMID: 32485246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer accounts for high morbidity and mortality around the world and its incidence rate is suggested to be higher in following years. A number of factors involve in bladder cancer development such as lifestyle and drugs. However, it appears that genetic factors play a significant role in bladder cancer development and progression. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a cancer-related transcription factor that is corelated with reduced proliferation and invasion of cancer cells by negatively targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In the present review, we aimed to explore the role of PTEN in bladder cancer cells and how upstream modulators affect PTEN in this life-threatening disorder. Down-regulation of PTEN is associated with poor prognosis, chemoresistance and progression of cancer cells. Besides, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs and other molecular pathways such as NF-kB are able to target PTEN in bladder cancer cells. Notably, anti-tumor drugs such as kaempferol, β-elemene and sorafenib upregulate the expression of PTEN to exert their inhibitory effects on bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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23
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Ching MM, Reader J, Fulton AM. Eicosanoids in Cancer: Prostaglandin E 2 Receptor 4 in Cancer Therapeutics and Immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:819. [PMID: 32547404 PMCID: PMC7273839 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme is frequently overexpressed in epithelial malignancies including those of the breast, prostate, lung, kidney, ovary, and liver and elevated expression is associated with worse outcomes. COX-2 catalyzes the metabolism of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. The COX-2 product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) binds to four G-protein-coupled EP receptors designated EP1-EP4. EP4 is commonly upregulated in cancer and supports cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis through activation of multiple signaling pathways including ERK, cAMP/PKA, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB. EP4 antagonists inhibit metastasis in preclinical models. Cancer stem cells, that underlie therapy resistance and disease relapse, are driven by the expression of EP4. Resistance to several chemotherapies is reversed in the presence of EP4 antagonists. In addition to tumor cell-autonomous roles of EP4, many EP4-positive host cells play a role in tumor behavior. Endothelial cell-EP4 supports tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Natural Killer (NK) cells are critical to the mechanism by which systemically administered EP4 antagonists inhibit metastasis. PGE2 acts on EP4 expressed on the NK cell to inhibit tumor target cell killing, cytokine production, and chemotactic activity. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), that inhibit the development of cytotoxic T cells, are induced by PGE2 acting on myeloid-expressed EP2 and EP4 receptors. Inhibition of MDSC-EP4 leads to maturation of effector T cells and suppresses the induction of T regulatory cells. A number of EP4 antagonists have proven useful in dissecting these mechanisms. There is growing evidence that EP4 antagonism, particularly in combination with either chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, or immune-based therapies, should be investigated further as a promising novel approach to cancer therapy. Several EP4 antagonists have now progressed to early phase clinical trials and we eagerly await the results of those studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mc Millan Ching
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jocelyn Reader
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amy M. Fulton
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
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24
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Woolbright BL, Pilbeam CC, Taylor JA. Prostaglandin E2 as a therapeutic target in bladder cancer: From basic science to clinical trials. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 148:106409. [PMID: 31931078 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common solid tumor marked by high rates of recurrence, especially in non-muscle invasive disease. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a ubiquitously present lipid mediator responsible for numerous physiological actions. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) class of drugs results in reduced PGE2 levels. NSAID usage has been associated with reductions in cancers such as BCa. Clinical trials using NSAIDs to prevent recurrence have had mixed results, but largely converge on issues with cardiotoxicity. The purpose of this review is to understand the basic science behind how and why inhibitors of PGE2 may be effective against BCa, and to explore alternate therapeutic modalities for addressing the role of PGE2 without the associated cardiotoxicity. We will address the role of PGE2 in a diverse array of cancer-related functions including stemness, immunosuppression, proliferation, cellular signaling and more.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol C Pilbeam
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - John A Taylor
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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25
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Reader J, Harper AK, Legesse T, Staats PN, Goloubeva O, Rao GG, Fulton A, Roque DM. EP4 and Class III β-Tubulin Expression in Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101590. [PMID: 31635323 PMCID: PMC6826612 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-stabilizing agent docetaxel in combination with gemcitabine represents one of the most effective regimens against the aggressive gynecologic tumor leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Upregulation of class III β-tubulin has previously been shown to confer taxane resistance in a variety of human cancers. Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 is linked to progression of a variety of human cancers and may represent a novel target for tumor inhibition in LMS. We evaluated the hypotheses that EP4 and class III β-tubulin have increased expression in LMS in comparison to normal myometrium or benign tumors and that expression of class III β-tubulin correlates with resistance to taxanes and poor clinical outcome. Gene expression was examined using TCGA data and correlated with clinicopathologic outcome which demonstrated that class III β-tubulin is more highly expressed in more aggressive sarcomas with EP4 being widely expressed in all subtypes of sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry for EP4 and class III β-tubulin was performed on patients with LMS, leiomyomatosis/STUMP, leiomyoma, and normal myometrium. Expression of EP4 and class III β-tubulin were characterized for cell lines SK-UT-1, SK-UT-1B, and PHM-41 and these cell lines were treated with docetaxel alone and in combination with EP4 inhibitors. In taxane-resistant cell lines that overexpress class III β-tubulin and EP4, treatment with EP4 inhibitor resulted in at least 2-fold sensitization to docetaxel. Expression of class III β-tubulin and EP4 in LMS may identify patients at risk of resistance to standard chemotherapies and candidates for augmentation of therapy through EP4 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Reader
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Amy K Harper
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Teklu Legesse
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Paul N Staats
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Olga Goloubeva
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Gautam G Rao
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Amy Fulton
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Dana M Roque
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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26
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Ide H, Inoue S, Mizushima T, Kashiwagi E, Zheng Y, Miyamoto H. Role of glucocorticoid signaling in urothelial tumorigenesis: Inhibition by prednisone presumably through inducing glucocorticoid receptor transrepression. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:2297-2305. [PMID: 31535408 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, including dexamethasone (DEX) and prednisone (PRED), have been prescribed in patients with neoplastic disease as cytotoxic agents or comedications. Nonetheless, it remains uncertain whether they have an impact on the development of bladder cancer. We, therefore, assessed the functional role of the glucocorticoid-mediated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling in urothelial tumorigenesis. Tumor formation was significantly delayed in xenograft-bearing mice with implantation of control bladder cancer UMUC3 cells or nonneoplastic urothelial SVHUC cells undergoing malignant transformation induced by a chemical carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA), compared with respective GR knockdown xenografts. Using the in vitro system with MCA-SVHUC cells, we screened 11 GR ligands, including DEX, and found significant inhibitory effects of PRED on their neoplastic transformation. The effects of PRED were restored by a GR antagonist RU486 in GR-positive MCA-SVHUC cells, while PRED failed to inhibit the neoplastic transformation of GR knockdown cells. Significant decreases in the expression levels of oncogenes (c-Fos/c-Jun) and significant increases in those of a tumor suppressor UGT1A were seen in MCA-SVHUC-control cells (vs GR-short hairpin RNA) or PRED-treated MCA-SVHUC-control cells (vs mock). In addition, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine induced bladder cancer in all of eight mock-treated mice vs seven (87.5%) of DEX-treated (P = .302) or four (50%) of PRED-treated (P = .021) animals. Finally, DEX was found to considerably induce both transactivation (activation of glucocorticoid-response element mediated transcription and expression of its targets) and transrepression (suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B transactivation and expression of its regulated genes) of GR in SVHUC cells, while PRED more selectively induced GR transrepression. These findings suggest that PRED could prevent urothelial tumorigenesis presumably via inducing GR transrepression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ide
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Taichi Mizushima
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Eiji Kashiwagi
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yichun Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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27
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Kawahara T, Mochizuki T, Sugimura R, Izumi K, Kuroda S, Miyoshi Y, Nakaigawa N, Yao M, Tanabe M, Uemura H. Successful Resection of Cisplatin-Resistant Renal Pelvic Cancer after the Administration of Pembrolizumab as Second-Line Therapy. Case Rep Oncol 2019; 12:548-553. [PMID: 31427950 PMCID: PMC6696768 DOI: 10.1159/000501715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pembrolizumab has been used as a second-line systemic therapy for urothelial carcinoma. We herein report a case of cisplatin-resistant renal-pelvic urothelial carcinoma that was successfully resected after pembrolizumab treatment. A 74-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for further examination for gross hematuria and a renal-pelvis tumor. Retrograde pyelography showed a defect lesion in her renal pelvis and urinary cytology of the renal pelvis showed class V. Because staging CT could not deny lung metastasis, we planned to perform nephro-ureterectomy after evaluating the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After three courses of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy, the original site showed progression; thus, nephro-ureterectomy was cancelled. We introduced pembrolizumab as a second-line therapy. After four courses of pembrolizumab treatment, the size of the original lesion was significantly decreased. During these therapies the lung tumor size was unchanged; thus, we determined that the lung tumor was not metastatic and performed nephro-ureterectomy. A pathological examination demonstrated that the tumor was completely resected with a negative surgical margin. We described the first case in which cisplatin-resistant renal pelvic tumor was successfully resected after pembrolizumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kawahara
- Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taku Mochizuki
- Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rumiko Sugimura
- Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Izumi
- Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Kuroda
- Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Miyoshi
- Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noboru Nakaigawa
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tanabe
- Division of Diagnostic pathology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroji Uemura
- Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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28
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He P, Zhou W, Liu M, Chen Y. Recent Advances of Small Molecular Regulators Targeting G Protein- Coupled Receptors Family for Oncology Immunotherapy. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1464-1483. [PMID: 31264549 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190628115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The great clinical success of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) and PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitor therapies suggests the drawing of a cancer immunotherapy age. However, a considerable proportion of cancer patients currently receive little benefit from these treatment modalities, indicating that multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms exist in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we mainly discuss recent advances in small molecular regulators targeting G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) that are associated with oncology immunomodulation, including chemokine receptors, purinergic receptors, prostaglandin E receptor EP4 and opioid receptors. Moreover, we outline how they affect tumor immunity and neoplasia by regulating immune cell recruitment and modulating tumor stromal cell biology. We also summarize the data from recent clinical advances in small molecular regulators targeting these GPCRs, in combination with immune checkpoints blockers, such as PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA4 inhibitors, for cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wenbo Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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29
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Liu J, Chang B, Li Q, Xu L, Liu X, Wang G, Wang Z, Wang L. Redox-Responsive Dual Drug Delivery Nanosystem Suppresses Cancer Repopulation by Abrogating Doxorubicin-Promoted Cancer Stemness, Metastasis, and Drug Resistance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801987. [PMID: 31139556 PMCID: PMC6446919 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a major therapeutic option for cancer patients. However, its effectiveness is challenged by chemodrugs' intrinsic pathological interactions with residual cancer cells. While inducing cancer cell death, chemodrugs enhance cancer stemness, invasiveness, and drug resistance of remaining cancer cells through upregulating cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin-E2 (COX-2/PGE2) signaling, therefore facilitating cancer repopulation and relapse. Toward tumor eradication, it is necessary to improve chemotherapy by abrogating these chemotherapy-induced effects. Herein, redox-responsive, celecoxib-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles with poly(β-cyclodextrin) wrapping (MSCPs) for sealing doxorubicin (DOX) are synthesized. Celecoxib, an FDA-approved COX-2 inhibitor, is employed as a structural and functional element to confer MSCPs with redox-responsiveness and COX-2/PGE2 inhibitory activity. MSCPs efficiently codeliver DOX and celecoxib into the tumor location, minimizing systemic toxicity. Importantly, through blocking chemotherapy-activated COX-2/PGE2 signaling, MSCPs drastically enhance DOX's antitumor activity by suppressing enhancement of cancer stemness and invasiveness as well as drug resistance induced by DOX-based chemotherapy in vitro. This is also remarkably achieved in three preclinical tumor models in vivo. DOX-loaded MSCPs effectively inhibit tumor repopulation by blocking COX-2/PGE2 signaling, which eliminates DOX-induced expansion of cancer stem-like cells, distant metastasis, and acquired drug resistance. Thus, this drug delivery nanosystem is capable of effectively suppressing tumor repopulation and has potential clinical translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Bingcheng Chang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Qilin Li
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Luming Xu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Xingxin Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
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30
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Navigating metabolic pathways to enhance antitumour immunity and immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 16:425-441. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-019-0203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Gao JR, Qin XJ, Fang ZH, Han LP, Guo MF, Jiang NN. To Explore the Pathogenesis of Vascular Lesion of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:4650906. [PMID: 31179340 PMCID: PMC6501128 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4650906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a chronic disease, serious harm to human health. Complications of the blood pipe are the main cause of disability and death in diabetic patients, including vascular lesions that directly affects the prognosis of patients with diabetes and survival. This study was to determine the influence of high glucose and related mechanism of vascular lesion of type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis. METHODS In vivo aorta abdominalis of GK rats was observed with blood pressure, heart rate, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson, and Verhoeff staining. In vitro cells were cultured with 30 mM glucose for 24 h. RT-QPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of endothelial markers PTEN, PI3K, Akt, and VEGF. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of PTEN, PI3K, Akt, and VEGF. PI3K and Akt phosphorylation levels were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean blood pressure in the GK control group were higher compared with the Wistar control group and no difference compared with the GK experimental model group. Fluorescence intensity of VEGF, Akt, and PI3K in the high-sugar stimulus group was stronger than the control group; PTEN in the high-sugar stimulus group was weakening than the control group. VEGF, Akt, and PI3K mRNA in the high-sugar stimulus group were higher than the control group; protein expressions of VEGF, Akt, and PI3K in the high-sugar stimulus group were higher than the control group. PTEN mRNA in the high-sugar stimulus group was lower than the control group. Protein expression of PTEN in the high-sugar stimulus group was lower than the control group. CONCLUSIONS Angiogenesis is an important pathogenesis of T2DM vascular disease, and PTEN plays a negative regulatory role in the development of new blood vessels and can inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Fang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Ping Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Fei Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Nan-Nan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, China
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32
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Inoue S, Mizushima T, Ide H, Jiang G, Goto T, Nagata Y, Netto GJ, Miyamoto H. ATF2 promotes urothelial cancer outgrowth via cooperation with androgen receptor signaling. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:1397-1408. [PMID: 30521479 PMCID: PMC6280600 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the functional role of ATF2, a transcription factor normally activated via its phosphorylation in response to phospho-ERK/MAPK signals, in the outgrowth of urothelial cancer. In both neoplastic and non-neoplastic urothelial cells, the expression levels of androgen receptor (AR) correlated with those of phospho-ATF2. Dihydrotestosterone treatment in AR-positive bladder cancer cells also induced the expression of phospho-ATF2 and phospho-ERK as well as nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of ATF2. Meanwhile, ATF2 knockdown via shRNA resulted in significant decreases in cell viability, migration and invasion of AR-positive bladder cancer lines, but not AR-negative lines, as well as significant increases and decreases in apoptosis or G0/G1 cell cycle phase and S or G2/M phase, respectively. Additionally, the growth of AR-positive tumors expressing ATF2-shRNA in xenograft-bearing mice was retarded, compared with that of control tumors. ATF2 knockdown also resulted in significant inhibition of neoplastic transformation induced by a chemical carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene, as well as the expression of Bcl-2/cyclin-A2/cyclin-D1/JUN/MMP-2, in immortalized human normal urothelial SVHUC cells stably expressing AR, but not AR-negative SVHUC cells. Finally, immunohistochemistry in surgical specimens demonstrated significant elevation of ATF2/phospho-ATF2/phospho-ERK expression in bladder tumors, compared with non-neoplastic urothelial tissues. Multivariate analysis further showed that moderate/strong ATF2 expression and phospho-ATF2 positivity were independent predictors for recurrence of low-grade tumors (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.956, P = 0.045) and cancer-specific mortality of muscle-invasive tumors (HR = 5.317, P = 0.012), respectively. Thus, ATF2 appears to be activated in urothelial cells through the AR pathway and promotes the development and progression of urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Taichi Mizushima
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hiroki Ide
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guiyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Takuro Goto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yujiro Nagata
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to H Miyamoto:
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Lyon TD, Frank I, Shah PH, Tarrell R, Cheville JC, Karnes RJ, Thompson RH, Tollefson MK, Boorjian SA. The Association of Aspirin Use with Survival Following Radical Cystectomy. J Urol 2018; 200:1014-1021. [PMID: 29857079 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aspirin may have antineoplastic properties through the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines that regulate cell proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis. In patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer aspirin use has been linked to a reduced risk of recurrence. We evaluated the association of aspirin with survival following radical cystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1,061 patients underwent radical cystectomy at our institution between 2007 and 2016, of whom 461 (43%) were aspirin users at the time of surgery. Survival estimates were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model was applied to evaluate associations between patient features and survival. RESULTS Median followup after radical cystectomy among survivors was 4.2 years (IQR 2-6.2). During this time 442 patients died, including 331 of bladder cancer. Aspirin users were significantly older, more likely to have a history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and more likely to use metformin or statin (each p <0.05). Nevertheless, we found that patients who ingested a daily aspirin had significantly higher 5-year cancer specific survival (68% vs 60%, p = 0.02) and overall survival (59% vs 52%, p = 0.03) compared to nonusers. Moreover, after multivariable adjustment aspirin use remained independently associated with lower cancer specific mortality (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.45-0.89, p = 0.01) as well as all cause mortality (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53-0.93, p = 0.02) but not with distant metastasis (p >0.05). CONCLUSIONS Daily aspirin use was associated with significantly improved survival outcomes following radical cystectomy. Further research is warranted to evaluate the potential underlying biological mechanisms and investigate causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Lyon
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Igor Frank
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paras H Shah
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert Tarrell
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John C Cheville
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Ide H, Inoue S, Mizushima T, Jiang G, Chuang KH, Oya M, Miyamoto H. Androgen Receptor Signaling Reduces Radiosensitivity in Bladder Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1566-1574. [PMID: 29720561 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although radiotherapy often with chemotherapy has been shown to offer a survival benefit comparable with that of radical cystectomy in select patients with bladder cancer, the development of radiosensitization strategies may significantly enhance its application. Notably, emerging preclinical evidence has indicated the involvement of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in urothelial cancer progression. We here assessed whether AR signals could contribute to modulating radiosensitivity in bladder cancer cells. Ionizing radiation reduced the numbers of viable cells or colonies of AR-negative lines more significantly than those of AR-positive lines. Similarly, in AR-positive cells cultured in androgen-depleted conditions, dihydrotestosterone treatment lowered the effects of irradiation. Meanwhile, an antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide enhanced them in AR-positive cells cultured in the presence of androgens. AR knockdown or hydroxyflutamide treatment also resulted in a delay in DNA double-strand break repair 4-24 hours after irradiation. We then established "radiation-resistant" sublines and found considerable elevation of the expression of AR as well as DNA repair genes, such as ATR, CHEK1, and PARP-1, in these sublines, compared with respective controls. Furthermore, dihydrotestosterone induced the expression of these DNA repair genes in irradiated AR-positive cells, and hydroxyflutamide antagonized the androgen effects. Finally, in a mouse xenograft model, low-dose flutamide was found to enhance the inhibitory effects of irradiation, and its tumor size was similar to that of AR knockdown line with radiation alone. These findings suggest that AR activity inversely correlates with radiosensitivity in bladder cancer. Accordingly, antiandrogenic drugs may function as sensitizers of irradiation, especially in patients with AR-positive urothelial cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(7); 1566-74. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ide
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Taichi Mizushima
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Guiyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Kuang-Hsiang Chuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Majumder M, Nandi P, Omar A, Ugwuagbo KC, Lala PK. EP4 as a Therapeutic Target for Aggressive Human Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041019. [PMID: 29596308 PMCID: PMC5979567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs, also called seven-transmembrane or heptahelical receptors) are a superfamily of cell surface receptor proteins that bind to many extracellular ligands and transmit signals to an intracellular guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein). When a ligand binds, the receptor activates the attached G-protein by causing the exchange of Guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP) for guanosine diphosphate (GDP). They play a major role in many physiological functions, as well as in the pathology of many diseases, including cancer progression and metastasis. Only a few GPCR members have been exploited as targets for developing drugs with therapeutic benefit in cancer. Present review briefly summarizes the signaling pathways utilized by the EP (prostaglandin E receptor) family of GPCR, their physiological and pathological roles in carcinogenesis, with special emphasis on the roles of EP4 in breast cancer progression. We make a case for EP4 as a promising newer therapeutic target for treating breast cancer. We show that an aberrant over-expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, which is an inflammation-associated enzyme, occurring in 40–50% of breast cancer patients leads to tumor progression and metastasis due to multiple cellular events resulting from an increased prostaglandin (PG) E2 production in the tumor milieu. They include inactivation of host anti-tumor immune cells, such as Natural Killer (NK) and T cells, increased immuno-suppressor function of tumor-associated macrophages, promotion of tumor cell migration, invasiveness and tumor-associated angiogenesis, due to upregulation of multiple angiogenic factors including Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-A, increased lymphangiogenesis (due to upregulation of VEGF-C/D), and a stimulation of stem-like cell (SLC) phenotype in cancer cells. All of these events were primarily mediated by activation of the Prostaglandin (PG) E receptor EP4 on tumor or host cells. We show that selective EP4 antagonists (EP4A) could mitigate all of these events tested with cells in vitro as well as in vivo in syngeneic COX-2 expressing mammary cancer bearing mice or immune-deficient mice bearing COX-2 over-expressing human breast cancer xenografts. We suggest that EP4A can avoid thrombo-embolic side effects of long term use of COX-2 inhibitors by sparing cardio-protective roles of PGI2 via IP receptor activation or PGE2 via EP3 receptor activation. Furthermore, we identified two COX-2/EP4 induced oncogenic and SLC-stimulating microRNAs—miR526b and miR655, one of which (miR655) appears to be a potential blood biomarker in breast cancer patients for monitoring SLC-ablative therapies, such as with EP4A. We suggest that EP4A will likely produce the highest benefit in aggressive breast cancers, such as COX-2 expressing triple-negative breast cancers, when combined with other newer agents, such as inhibitors of programmed cell death (PD)-1 or PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Majumder
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A6A9, Canada.
| | - Pinki Nandi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada.
| | - Ahmed Omar
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A6A9, Canada.
| | | | - Peeyush K Lala
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada.
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