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Jin FM, Wang M, Wu XM, Xiao H, Wang DX, Wang GM, Zhang CG, Zhao HR. Effects of wasp venom on venous thrombosis in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:822-826. [PMID: 36033945 PMCID: PMC9392573 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.63219.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of wasp venom (WV) from Vespa magnifica on antithrombosis in rats with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The thrombosis rat model was established by improving the IVC stenosis, in which rats were subjected to IVC ligation for 75 min. Rats were administered argatroban (IP) or WV (s.c.) for 4 hr after IVC thrombosis. The weight, inhibition rate, and pathological morphology of the thrombosis induced by IVC ligation and the variation in four coagulation parameters, coagulation factors, and CD61+CD62P+ were simultaneously determined in IVC rats. RESULTS The thrombus formed as a result of IVC ligation was stable. Compared with the control group, the weight of the thrombus was significantly reduced in the argatroban group. Thrombus weight was reduced by treatment with 0.6, 0.2, and 0.05 mg/kg WV, with inhibition rates of 52.19%, 35.32%, and 28.98%, respectively. Inflammatory cells adhered to and infiltrated the vessel wall in the IVC group more than in the sham group. However, the pathological morphology and CD61+CD62P+ of the WV treatment groups tended to be normal. CONCLUSION We improved the model of IVC thrombosis to be suitable for evaluation of antithrombotic drugs. Our findings demonstrated that WV could inhibit IVC thrombosis associated with reducing coagulation factors V and CD61+CD62p expression in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-mao Jin
- Lishui City People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, People’s Republic of China,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Mei Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, China,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiu-mei Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Huai Xiao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - De-xiao Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China,Genetic Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Guang-ming Wang
- Genetic Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Cheng-gui Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, China,Corresponding authors: Cheng-gui Zhang. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, China. ; Hai-rong Zhao. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China; Genetic Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali University, Dali, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, China.
| | - Hai-rong Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, China,Genetic Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali University, Dali, China,Corresponding authors: Cheng-gui Zhang. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, China. ; Hai-rong Zhao. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China; Genetic Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali University, Dali, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, China.
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Alkrad JA, Assaf SM, Hussein-Al-Ali SH, Alrousan R. Microemulsions as nanocarriers for oral and transdermal administration of enoxaparin. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Chen G, Zeng R, Wang X, Cai H, Chen J, Zhong Y, Zhong S, Jia X. Antithrombotic Activity of Heparinoid G2 and Its Derivatives from the Clam Coelomactra antiquata. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20010050. [PMID: 35049905 PMCID: PMC8779706 DOI: 10.3390/md20010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clam heparinoid G2 (60.25 kDa) and its depolymerized derivatives DG1 (24.48 kDa) and DG2 (6.75 kDa) prepared from Coelomactra antiquata have been documented to have excellent fibrinolytic and anticoagulant activity. In this study, to further explore the antithrombotic activity of G2, DG1 and DG2, azure A, sheep plasma, and clot lytic rate assays were used to determine their anticoagulant and thrombolytic activity in vitro. The results indicated that the anticoagulant titer of G2 was approximately 70% that of heparin and the thrombolytic activity of DG2 was greater than G2, DG1, and heparin activities. Moreover, in a carrageenan-induced venous thrombosis model, oral administration of G2 and DG1 each at 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg for 7 days significantly reduced blacktail thrombus formation, increased tissue-type plasminogen activator, fibrin degradation products, and D-dimer levels, decreased von Willebrand factor and thromboxane B2 levels, and restored phylum and genus abundance changes of intestinal bacteria. DG2 had no antithrombotic effect. At 20 mg/kg, G2, DG1, and heparin had comparable antithrombotic activities, and DG1 at 40 mg/kg had more muscular antithrombotic activity than G2. Thus, DG1 could be an antithrombotic oral agent owing to its more robust antithrombotic activity and lower molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.C.); (R.Z.); (X.W.); (H.C.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.)
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.C.); (R.Z.); (X.W.); (H.C.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.)
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.C.); (R.Z.); (X.W.); (H.C.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.)
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hongying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.C.); (R.Z.); (X.W.); (H.C.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.)
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.C.); (R.Z.); (X.W.); (H.C.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.)
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yingxiong Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.C.); (R.Z.); (X.W.); (H.C.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.)
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.C.); (R.Z.); (X.W.); (H.C.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.)
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-188-2669-9336
| | - Xuejing Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (G.C.); (R.Z.); (X.W.); (H.C.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.)
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Park JW, Jeon OC, Kim SK, Al-Hilal T, Lim KM, Moon HT, Kim CY, Byun Y. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of an oral tablet form of low-molecular-weight heparin and deoxycholic acid conjugate as a novel oral anticoagulant. Thromb Haemost 2017; 105:1060-71. [DOI: 10.1160/th10-07-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThis study was designed to develop a solid oral dosage form of deoxycholic acid (DOCA)-conjugated low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and to evaluate its oral absorption, distribution, and metabolic stability for the prospect of providing an orally bioavailable LMWH. The LMWH derivative (LHD) was synthesised and then formulated with solubilisers and other pharmaceutical excipients to form a solid tablet. Its absorption and distribution after oral administration were evaluated in mice, rats, and monkeys. The in vitro metabolic stability of LHD was examined by liver microsome assays. More than 80% of LHD was released from the tablet within 60 minutes, guaranteeing rapid tablet disintegration after oral administration. Oral bioavailability of LHD in mice, rats and monkeys were 16.1 ± 3.0, 15.6 ± 6.1, and 15.8 ± 2.5%, respectively. After the oral administration of 131I-tyramine-LHD, most of the absorbed drug remained in the blood circulation and was eliminated mainly through the kidneys. LHD was hardly metabolised by the liver microsomes and showed a stable metabolic pattern similar to that of LMWH. In a rat thrombosis model, 10 mg/kg of orally administered LHD reduced thrombus formation by 60.8%, which was comparable to the antithrombotic effect of the subcutaneously injected LMWH (100 IU/ kg). Solid tablets of LHD exhibited high oral absorption and statistically significant therapeutic effects in preventing venous thromboembolism. Accordingly, LHD tablets are expected to satisfy the unmet medical need for an oral heparin-based anticoagulant as an alternative to injectable heparin and oral warfarin.
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Hiebert LM. Repeated Oral or Subcutaneous LMWH Has similar Antithrombotic Activity in a Rat Venous Thrombosis Model: Antithrombotic Activity Correlates With Heparin on Endothelium When Orally Administered. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 22:264-272. [PMID: 27653610 DOI: 10.1177/1074248416667601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) endure as important drugs for thromboprophylaxis. Although clinical use relies on the subcutaneous (SC) route, our previous studies show that single-dose orally administered LMWHs have antithrombotic activity. Since thromboprophylaxis requires long-term treatment, we examined antithrombotic effects of subacute oral LMWHs in a rat venous thrombosis model and compared results to SC or single-dose oral administration. We measured LMWH in endothelium and plasma, weight change and complete blood counts (CBC). Oral LMWH tinzaparin (3 × 0.1 mg/kg/12 or 24 hours) or reviparin (3 × 0.025 mg/kg/24 hours) significantly decreased thrombosis compared to saline. In the subacute study (60 × 0.1 mg/kg/12 hours), oral or SC tinzaparin significantly reduced thrombosis compared to saline but not to single or 3 × 0.1 mg/kg/12 hours oral tinzaparin. Antithrombotic effects were similar between oral and SC administration. LMWH was found on endothelium following oral but not SC administration. Endothelial concentrations were significantly correlated with incidence of stable thrombi ( P = 0.021 and 0.04 for aortic and vena cava endothelium respectively, χ2 test) and total thrombi ( P = 0.003 for vena cava endothelium). Anti-Xa activity was significantly greater for oral or SC LMWH than saline and significantly greater for SC versus oral LMWH. Values for CBCs were within normal ranges (mean ± 2 SD). There was no evidence of bleeding. Weight gain was similar between groups. In conclusion, subacute oral and SC LMWH have similar antithrombotic effects. Antithrombotic activity with oral administration is correlated with endothelial LMWH concentrations but not with plasma anticoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Hiebert
- 1 Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Erickson M, Hiebert LM, Carr AP, Stickney JD. Effect of oral administration of unfractionated heparin (UFH) on coagulation parameters in plasma and levels of urine and fecal heparin in dogs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2014; 78:193-201. [PMID: 24982550 PMCID: PMC4068410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of heparin administration, by the oral route, were evaluated in dogs. In single and multiple dose studies (single 7.5 mg/kg, multiple 3 × 7.5 mg/kg per 48 h), plasma, urine, and fecal samples were collected at various times up to 120 h after oral administration of unfractionated heparin. Changes in plasma and urine anti-Xa activity, plasma and urine anti-IIa activity, plasma activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and antithrombin (ATIII), and chemical heparin in urine and feces were examined with time. There was support for heparin absorption, with significant differences in APTT, heparin in plasma as determined by anti-Xa activity (Heptest) in the single dose study and plasma anti-Xa activity, anti-IIa activity and ATIII; and chemical heparin in urine in the multiple dose study. No clinical evidence of bleeding was detected in any dog during the studies. Oral heparin therapy may be applicable for thromboembolic disease in animals. Further studies are warranted to determine the effects of oral heparin at the endothelial level in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathi Erickson
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Malathi Erickson; telephone: (402) 715-4360; e-mail:
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Page C. Heparin and related drugs: beyond anticoagulant activity. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 2013:910743. [PMID: 23984092 PMCID: PMC3747464 DOI: 10.1155/2013/910743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Heparin has been widely used as an anticoagulant for more than 80 years. However, there is now considerable evidence that heparin also possesses anti-inflammatory activity, both experimentally and clinically. Importantly in many instances, the anti-inflammatory actions of heparin are independent of anticoagulant activity raising the possibility of developing novel drugs based on heparin that retain the anti-inflammatory activity. Heparin exhibits anti-inflammatory activities via a variety of mechanisms including neutralization of cationic mediators, inhibition of adhesion molecules, and the inhibition of heparanase, all involved in leukocyte recruitment into tissues. It is anticipated that furthering our understanding of the anti-inflammatory actions of heparin will lead to the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs for a variety of clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 5th Floor, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Waterloo Campus, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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Abstract
Heparin has long been known to possess biological effects that are unrelated to its anticoagulant activity. In particular, much emphasis has been placed upon heparin, or novel agents based upon the heparin template, as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Moreover, heparin has been reported to possess clinical benefit in humans, including in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer, that are over and above the expected effects on blood coagulation and which in many cases are entirely separable from this role. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the non-anticoagulant effects that have been ascribed to heparin, from those involving the binding and inhibition of specific mediators involved in the inflammatory process to effects in whole system models of disease, with reference to the effects of heparin that have been reported to date in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lever
- The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK.
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Hiebert LM, Ping T, Wice SM. Repeated doses of oral and subcutaneous heparins have similar antithrombotic effects in a rat carotid arterial model of thrombosis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2011; 17:110-6. [PMID: 21512111 DOI: 10.1177/1074248411405991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although heparins are usually injected intravenously or subcutaneously, antithrombotic activity is observed in rat models following single oral heparin doses. Since repetitive dosing is usually needed for thromboprophylaxis, study objectives were to determine whether repetitive oral heparin prevented arterial thrombosis and to compare effectiveness to subcutaneous administration. Wistar rats were given subcutaneous or oral unfractionated heparin ([UFH] 1 mg/kg per 48 h), low-molecular-weight heparin ([LMWH] tinzaparin, 0.1 mg/kg per 12 h), or saline for 30 days. On the last day, thrombosis was initiated by placing 30% FeCl(3)-soaked filter paper on the distal carotid. Subsequent flow measurements, for a 60-minute period, included recorded time of initial thrombus formation (time till thrombus begins [TTB]), and time until carotid occlusion (time till occlusion [TTO]). The formed thrombus was dried and weighed. The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), anti-factor Xa, and antithrombin activity were determined from the plasma. Both oral and subcutaneous heparins significantly increased TTB and TTO. Time of initial thrombus formations were 12.6 ± 1.1, 21.2 ± 2.2, 25.3 ± 3.9, 21.7 ± 3.1, and 21.3 ± 1.7 minutes and TTOs were 29.3 ± 3.6, 54.8 ± 4.0, 60.0 ± 0.3, 56.7 ± 3.3, and 58.3 ± 1.7 minutes (mean ± SEM) for control, subcutaneous UFH, oral UFH, subcutaneous LMWH, and oral LMWH, respectively. Thrombus weight was 2.52 ± 0.29 g in control and was reduced to 43%, 23%, 33%, and 28% of control weight for subcutaneous UFH, oral UFH, subcutaneous LMWH, and oral LMWH, respectively. Thrombus weight was significantly less for oral compared to subcutaneous UFH. The aPTT for oral UFH, and anti-factor Xa activity in the LMWH-treated groups were significantly greater than control (two-tailed t tests). These findings confirm that orally administered heparins are absorbed. Repeated treatment with oral heparin showed similar antithrombotic activity compared to subcutaneous heparin. Oral heparin use for arterial thromboprophylaxis should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Hiebert
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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Abstract
In this issue, BJP is proud to publish an Endothelium Themed Section to celebrate the life of Robert F. Furchgott, who died on May 19th 2009. It is 30 years since he discovered endothelium-derived relaxant factor and a decade since he was awarded the Nobel Prize for this work. His discovery has led to an array of new therapeutic targets. The themed section includes three reviews on the pathophysiology of the endothelium and the drug targets that this presents, four research papers and three commentaries on research. This themed section also forms the nucleus of an online Virtual Issue that collects in one place further reviews and research papers on the topic of the 'Endothelium' that BJP and our sister journal BJCP have published in the past year, and that should help researchers and students to find the latest work in this field.
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