Inflammatory pseudotumor following cord blood transplantation for adult T-cell leukemia

Aggressive Metastatic Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant With Fatal Pulmonary Toxicity From Crizotinib

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are rare tumors with an intermediate spectrum of biological behavior. IMTs are uncommon secondary malignancies after hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The presence of anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements in 50% of IMTs has led to therapeutic trials with crizotinib, although limited experience remains with crizotinib use in children. We describe the first reported case of a highly aggressive and metastatic IMT (secondary malignancy) in an 8-year-old girl following umbilical cord blood transplant. Although tumor response was demonstrated with anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibition, she later developed fatal pulmonary toxicity from diffuse alveolar damage, a feature felt most likely to be due to crizotinib.

Inflammatory Pseudotumors After Stem Cell Transplantation

Inflammatory pseudotumors (IPT) are rare tumors that occur in various organs and tissues. The clinical picture varies from the more frequent benign lesions to rare malignant tumors with distant metastases. IPTs associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is rarely reported. In this article, we review the reports of IPT after HSCT. We also review the possible factors involved in the pathogenesis. IPT may be rare but they are a potentially serious complication of HSCT. A knowledge of these entities and insistence on a definitive biopsy of mass lesions in the post-HSCT period can avoid unnecessary treatment such as radical surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

An endobronchial inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in a 10-yr-old child after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

IMTs belong to the group of soft tissue tumor and could occur at any anatomical site; however, the causes and growth feature remain unclear. This case report documents a 10-yr-old male suffering from slowly developing dyspnea on exertion and cough around seven months post-HCT. He was diagnosed with an endobronchial tumor based on imaging, and histology confirmed ALK-positive submucosal spindle-shaped cells with infiltrative cells, compatible with IMT. We should be aware that IMT is a potential complication of pediatric allogeneic HCT and can cause sudden airway obstruction.