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Duan R, Milton P, Sittplangkoon C, Liu X, Sui Z, Boyce BF, Yao Z. Chimeric antigen receptor dendritic cells targeted delivery of a single tumoricidal factor for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:203. [PMID: 39105847 PMCID: PMC11303651 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have been used to treat blood cancers by producing a wide variety of cytokines. However, they are not effective in treating solid cancers and can cause severe side-effects, including cytokine release syndrome. TNFα is a tumoricidal cytokine, but it markedly increases the protein levels of cIAP1 and cIAP2, the members of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family of E3 ubiquitin ligase that limits caspase-induced apoptosis. Degradation of IAP proteins by an IAP antagonist does not effectively kill cancer cells but enables TNFα to strongly induce cancer cell apoptosis. It would be a promising approach to treat cancers by targeted delivery of TNFα through an inactive adoptive cell in combination with an IAP antagonist. METHODS Human dendritic cells (DCs) were engineered to express a single tumoricidal factor, TNFα, and a membrane-anchored Mucin1 antibody scFv, named Mucin 1 directed DCs expressing TNFα (M-DCsTNF). The efficacy of M-DCsTNF in recognizing and treating breast cancer was tested in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Mucin1 was highly expressed on the surface of a wide range of human breast cancer cell lines. M-DCsTNF directly associated with MDA-MB-231 cells in the bone of NSG mice. M-DCsTNF plus an IAP antagonist, SM-164, but neither alone, markedly induce MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell apoptosis, which was blocked by TNF antibody. Importantly, M-DCsTNF combined with SM-164, but not SM-164 alone, inhibited the growth of patient-derived breast cancer in NSG mice. CONCLUSION An adoptive cell targeting delivery of TNFα combined with an IAP antagonist is a novel effective approach to treat breast cancer and could be expanded to treat other solid cancers. Unlike CAR-T cell, this novel adoptive cell is not activated to produce a wide variety of cytokines, except for additional overexpressed TNF, and thus could avoid the severe side effects such as cytokine release syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Duan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Philip Milton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Chutamath Sittplangkoon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 30021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhining Sui
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Zhenqiang Yao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Oh TJ, Krishnamurthy V, Han JW, Zhu J, Beg Z, Mehfooz A, Gworek B, Shapiro DJ, Zhang K. Spatiotemporal Control of Inflammatory Lytic Cell Death Through Optogenetic Induction of RIPK3 Oligomerization. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168628. [PMID: 38797430 PMCID: PMC11234905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a programmed lytic cell death involving active cytokine production and plasma membrane rupture through distinct signaling cascades. However, it remains challenging to delineate this inflammatory cell death pathway at specific signaling nodes with spatiotemporal accuracy. To address this challenge, we developed an optogenetic system, termed Light-activatable Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 or La-RIPK3, to enable ligand-free, optical induction of RIPK3 oligomerization. La-RIPK3 activation dissects RIPK3-centric lytic cell death through the induction of RIPK3-containing necrosome, which mediates cytokine production and plasma membrane rupture. Bulk RNA-Seq analysis reveals that RIPK3 oligomerization results in partially overlapped gene expression compared to pharmacological induction of necroptosis. Additionally, La-RIPK3 activates separated groups of genes regulated by RIPK3 kinase-dependent and -independent processes. Using patterned light stimulation delivered by a spatial light modulator, we demonstrate precise spatiotemporal control of necroptosis in La-RIPK3-transduced HT-29 cells. Optogenetic control of proinflammatory lytic cell death could lead to the development of innovative experimental strategies to finetune the immune landscape for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teak-Jung Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Vishnu Krishnamurthy
- High-throughput Screening Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jeong Won Han
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Junyao Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zayn Beg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amna Mehfooz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Bryan Gworek
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - David J Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; NSF Science and Technology Center for Quantitative Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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3
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Preedy MK, White MRH, Tergaonkar V. Cellular heterogeneity in TNF/TNFR1 signalling: live cell imaging of cell fate decisions in single cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:202. [PMID: 38467621 PMCID: PMC10928192 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Cellular responses to TNF are inherently heterogeneous within an isogenic cell population and across different cell types. TNF promotes cell survival by activating pro-inflammatory NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways but may also trigger apoptosis and necroptosis. Following TNF stimulation, the fate of individual cells is governed by the balance of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic signalling pathways. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving heterogenous responses to TNF, quantifying TNF/TNFR1 signalling at the single-cell level is crucial. Fluorescence live-cell imaging techniques offer real-time, dynamic insights into molecular processes in single cells, allowing for detection of rapid and transient changes, as well as identification of subpopulations, that are likely to be missed with traditional endpoint assays. Whilst fluorescence live-cell imaging has been employed extensively to investigate TNF-induced inflammation and TNF-induced cell death, it has been underutilised in studying the role of TNF/TNFR1 signalling pathway crosstalk in guiding cell-fate decisions in single cells. Here, we outline the various opportunities for pathway crosstalk during TNF/TNFR1 signalling and how these interactions may govern heterogenous responses to TNF. We also advocate for the use of live-cell imaging techniques to elucidate the molecular processes driving cell-to-cell variability in single cells. Understanding and overcoming cellular heterogeneity in response to TNF and modulators of the TNF/TNFR1 signalling pathway could lead to the development of targeted therapies for various diseases associated with aberrant TNF/TNFR1 signalling, such as rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic syndrome, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus K Preedy
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, D3308, Dover Street, Manchester, M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Michael R H White
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, D3308, Dover Street, Manchester, M13 9PT, England, UK.
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 8 Medical Drive, MD7, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
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4
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Imbaby S, Elkholy SE, Faisal S, Abdelmaogood AKK, Mehana AE, Mansour BSA, Abd El-Moneam SM, Elaidy SM. The GSTP1/MAPKs/BIM/SMAC modulatory actions of nitazoxanide: Bioinformatics and experimental evidence in subcutaneous solid Ehrlich carcinoma-inoculated mice. Life Sci 2023; 319:121496. [PMID: 36822315 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and its subcutaneous inoculated solid tumour form (SEC) are reliable models for chemotherapeutic molecular targets exploration. Novel chemotherapeutic approaches are identified as molecular targets for intrinsic apoptosis, like the modulation of the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC). SMAC is a physiological substrate of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) and its close association with MAPKs play an important role in malignant cell proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapeutics. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is an emerging cancer therapy and its targeted GSTP1 evidence remains a knowledge need. MAIN METHODS In the present mice-established SEC, the chemotherapeutic roles of oral NTZ (200 mg/kg/day) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 20 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) regimens were evaluated by measuring changes in tumour mass, the tumour MAPKs, cytochrome c, Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (BIM), and SMAC signalling pathway in addition to its molecular downstream; caspases 3 and 9. KEY FINDINGS Computational analysis for these target protein interactions showed direct-ordered interactions. After individual therapy with NTZ and 5-FU regimens, the histological architecture of the extracted tumour discs revealed decreases in viable tumour regions with significant necrosis surrounds. These findings were consistent with gross tumour sizes. Each separate regimen lowered the remarkable GSTP1 and elevated the low MAPKs expressions, cytochrome c, BIM, SMAC, and caspases 3, and 9 in EST tissues. SIGNIFICANCE The chemotherapeutic activity of NTZ in SEC was proven. Additionally, NTZ possesses a SMAC modulatory activity that, following thorough research, should be taken into consideration as a chemotherapeutic approach in solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Imbaby
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Shereen E Elkholy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Salwa Faisal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Asmaa K K Abdelmaogood
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amir E Mehana
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Basma S A Mansour
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Samar M Abd El-Moneam
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Samah M Elaidy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt.
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5
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Burton AM, Ligman BR, Kearney CA, Murray SE. SMAC mimetics inhibit human T cell proliferation and fail to augment type 1 cytokine responses. Cell Immunol 2023; 384:104674. [PMID: 36706656 PMCID: PMC10319349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics are small molecule drugs that mimic the activity of the endogenous SMAC protein. SMAC and SMAC mimetics antagonize inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), thereby sensitizing cells to apoptosis. As such, SMAC mimetics are being tested in numerous clinical trials for cancer. In addition to their direct anti-cancer effect, it has been suggested that SMAC mimetics may activate T cells, thereby promoting anti-tumor immunity. Here, we tested the effect of three clinically relevant SMAC mimetics on activation of primary human T cells. As previously reported, SMAC mimetics killed tumor cells and activated non-canonical NF-κB in T cells at clinically relevant doses. Surprisingly, none of the SMAC mimetics augmented T cell responses. Rather, SMAC mimetics impaired T cell proliferation and decreased the proportion of IFNγ/TNFα double-producing T cells. These results question the assumption that SMAC mimetics are likely to boost anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Burton
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brittany R Ligman
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Claire A Kearney
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Susan E Murray
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
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6
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Park S, Kim D, Lee W, Cho JH, Kim S, Lee GS, Moon JH, Kim JA, Ha JD, Kim JH, Kim HJ. Discovery of pan-IAP degraders via a CRBN recruiting mechanism. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 245:114910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Singh T, Neal A, Dibernardo G, Raheseparian N, Moatamed NA, Memarzadeh S. Efficacy of birinapant in combination with carboplatin in targeting platinum‑resistant epithelial ovarian cancers. Int J Oncol 2022; 60:35. [PMID: 35191515 PMCID: PMC8878637 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) often suffer from disease relapse associated with the emergence of resistance to standard platinum‑based chemotherapy. Treatment of patients with chemo‑resistant disease remains a clinical challenge. One mechanism of chemoresistance includes overexpression of pro‑survival proteins called inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) which enable cancer cells to evade apoptosis. Due to their anti‑apoptotic activity, association with poor prognosis, and correlation with therapy resistance in multiple malignancies, IAP proteins have become an attractive target for development of anticancer therapeutics. Second mitochondrial activator of caspase (SMAC) mimetics are the most widely used IAP antagonists currently being tested in clinical trials as a monotherapy and in combination with different chemotherapeutic drugs to target different types of cancer. In the present study, the antitumor efficacy of combination therapy with birinapant, a bivalent SMAC mimetic compound, and carboplatin to target platinum‑resistant EOC cells was investigated. A 3D organoid bioassay was utilized to test the efficacy of the combination therapy in a panel of 7 EOC cell lines and 10 platinum‑resistant primary patient tumor samples. Findings from the in vitro studies demonstrated that the birinapant and carboplatin combination was effective in targeting a subset of ovarian cancer cell lines and platinum‑resistant primary patient tumor samples. This combination therapy was also effective in vitro and in vivo in targeting a platinum‑resistant patient‑derived xenograft (PDX) model established from one of the patient tumors tested. Overall, our study demonstrated that birinapant and carboplatin combination could target a subset of platinum‑resistant ovarian cancers and also highlights the potential of the 3D organoid bioassay as a preclinical tool to assess the response to chemotherapy or targeted therapies in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Correspondence to: Dr Sanaz Memarzadeh or Dr Tanya Singh, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, 3018 Terasaki Life Sciences Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Adam Neal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gabriella Dibernardo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Neela Raheseparian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Neda A. Moatamed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sanaz Memarzadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,The VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA,Correspondence to: Dr Sanaz Memarzadeh or Dr Tanya Singh, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, 3018 Terasaki Life Sciences Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, E-mail: , E-mail:
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8
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Shanmugam MK, Sethi G. Molecular mechanisms of cell death. MECHANISMS OF CELL DEATH AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THERAPEUTIC DEVELOPMENT 2022:65-92. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-814208-0.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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9
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Caballero RE, Dong SXM, Gajanayaka N, Ali H, Cassol E, Cameron WD, Korneluk R, Tremblay MJ, Angel JB, Kumar A. Role of RIPK1 in SMAC mimetics-induced apoptosis in primary human HIV-infected macrophages. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22901. [PMID: 34824340 PMCID: PMC8617210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages serve as viral reservoirs due to their resistance to apoptosis and HIV-cytopathic effects. We have previously shown that inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) confer resistance to HIV-Vpr-induced apoptosis in normal macrophages. Herein, we show that second mitochondrial activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics (SM) induce apoptosis of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) infected in vitro with a R5-tropic laboratory strain expressing heat stable antigen, chronically infected U1 cells, and ex-vivo derived MDMs from HIV-infected individuals. To understand the mechanism governing SM-induced cell death, we show that SM-induced cell death of primary HIV-infected macrophages was independent of the acquisition of M1 phenotype following HIV infection of macrophages. Instead, SM-induced cell death was found to be mediated by IAPs as downregulation of IAPs by siRNAs induced cell death of HIV-infected macrophages. Moreover, HIV infection caused receptor interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) degradation which in concert with IAP1/2 downregulation following SM treatment may result in apoptosis of macrophages. Altogether, our results show that SM selectively induce apoptosis in primary human macrophages infected in vitro with HIV possibly through RIPK1. Moreover, modulation of the IAP pathways may be a potential strategy for selective killing of HIV-infected macrophages in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Edwin Caballero
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Division of Virology, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Research Building 2, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
| | - Simon Xin Min Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Niranjala Gajanayaka
- Division of Virology, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Research Building 2, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Hamza Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Virology, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Research Building 2, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - William D Cameron
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Korneluk
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Virology, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Research Building 2, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Michel J Tremblay
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Angel
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Division of Virology, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Research Building 2, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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10
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Townsend PA, Kozhevnikova MV, Cexus ONF, Zamyatnin AA, Soond SM. BH3-mimetics: recent developments in cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:355. [PMID: 34753495 PMCID: PMC8576916 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The hopeful outcomes from 30 years of research in BH3-mimetics have indeed served a number of solid paradigms for targeting intermediates from the apoptosis pathway in a variety of diseased states. Not only have such rational approaches in drug design yielded several key therapeutics, such outputs have also offered insights into the integrated mechanistic aspects of basic and clinical research at the genetics level for the future. In no other area of medical research have the effects of such work been felt, than in cancer research, through targeting the BAX-Bcl-2 protein-protein interactions. With these promising outputs in mind, several mimetics, and their potential therapeutic applications, have also been developed for several other pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and tissue fibrosis, thus highlighting the universal importance of the intrinsic arm of the apoptosis pathway and its input to general tissue homeostasis. Considering such recent developments, and in a field that has generated so much scientific interest, we take stock of how the broadening area of BH3-mimetics has developed and diversified, with a focus on their uses in single and combined cancer treatment regimens and recently explored therapeutic delivery methods that may aid the development of future therapeutics of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Townsend
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Maria V Kozhevnikova
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russian Federation
| | - Surinder M Soond
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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11
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Ali H, Caballero R, Dong SXM, Gajnayaka N, Vranjkovic A, Ahmed D, Iqbal S, Crawley AM, Angel JB, Cassol E, Kumar A. Selective killing of human M1 macrophages by Smac mimetics alone and M2 macrophages by Smac mimetics and caspase inhibition. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:693-710. [PMID: 33404106 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0220-114rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory and anti-inflammatory Mϕs have been implicated in many diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and leprosy. Recent studies suggest targeting Mϕ function and activation may represent a potential target to treat these diseases. Herein, we investigated the effect of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics (SMs), the inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) proteins, on the killing of human pro- and anti-inflammatory Mϕ subsets. We have shown previously that human monocytes are highly susceptible whereas differentiated Mϕs (M0) are highly resistant to the cytocidal abilities of SMs. To determine whether human Mϕ subsets are resistant to the cytotoxic effects of SMs, we show that M1 Mϕs are highly susceptible to SM-induced cell death whereas M2a, M2b, and M2c differentiated subsets are resistant, with M2c being the most resistant. SM-induced cell death in M1 Mϕs was mediated by apoptosis as well as necroptosis, activated both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis, and was attributed to the IFN-γ-mediated differentiation. In contrast, M2c and M0 Mϕs experienced cell death through necroptosis following simultaneous blockage of the IAPs and the caspase pathways. Overall, the results suggest that survival of human Mϕs is critically linked to the activation of the IAPs pathways. Moreover, agents blocking the cellular IAP1/2 and/or caspases can be exploited therapeutically to address inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ramon Caballero
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Simon X M Dong
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Niranjala Gajnayaka
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Agatha Vranjkovic
- Chronic Disease Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Duale Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Salma Iqbal
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Angela M Crawley
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Chronic Disease Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Angel
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Chronic Disease Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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12
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Uzunparmak B, Gao M, Lindemann A, Erikson K, Wang L, Lin E, Frank SJ, Gleber-Netto FO, Zhao M, Skinner HD, Newton J, Sikora AG, Myers JN, Pickering CR. Caspase-8 loss radiosensitizes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to SMAC mimetic-induced necroptosis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:139837. [PMID: 33108350 PMCID: PMC7714407 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-8 (CASP8) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in head and neck squamous carcinomas (HNSCCs), and CASP8 mutations are associated with poor survival. The distribution of these mutations in HNSCCs suggests that they are likely to be inactivating. Inhibition of CASP8 has been reported to sensitize cancer cells to necroptosis, a regulated cell death mechanism. Here, we show that knockdown of CASP8 renders HNSCCs susceptible to necroptosis by a second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) mimetic, birinapant, in combination with pan-caspase inhibitors Z-VAD-FMK or emricasan and radiation. In a syngeneic mouse model of oral cancer, birinapant, particularly when combined with radiation, delayed tumor growth and enhanced survival under CASP8 loss. Exploration of molecular underpinnings of necroptosis sensitivity confirmed that the level of functional receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 3 (RIP3) determines susceptibility to this mode of death. Although an in vitro screen revealed that low RIP3 levels rendered many HNSCC cell lines resistant to necroptosis, patient tumors maintained RIP3 expression and should therefore remain sensitive. Collectively, these results suggest that targeting the necroptosis pathway with SMAC mimetics, especially in combination with radiation, may be relevant therapeutically in HNSCC with compromised CASP8 status, provided that RIP3 function is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Uzunparmak
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas USA
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Antje Lindemann
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly Erikson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven J. Frank
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frederico O. Gleber-Netto
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Heath D. Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jared Newton
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew G. Sikora
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Curtis R. Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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13
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Boice A, Bouchier-Hayes L. Targeting apoptotic caspases in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118688. [PMID: 32087180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Members of the caspase family of proteases play essential roles in the initiation and execution of apoptosis. These caspases are divided into two groups: the initiator caspases (caspase-2, -8, -9 and -10), which are the first to be activated in response to a signal, and the executioner caspases (caspase-3, -6, and -7) that carry out the demolition phase of apoptosis. Many conventional cancer therapies induce apoptosis to remove the cancer cell by engaging these caspases indirectly. Newer therapeutic applications have been designed, including those that specifically activate individual caspases using gene therapy approaches and small molecules that repress natural inhibitors of caspases already present in the cell. For such approaches to have maximal clinical efficacy, emerging insights into non-apoptotic roles of these caspases need to be considered. This review will discuss the roles of caspases as safeguards against cancer in the context of the advantages and potential limitations of targeting apoptotic caspases for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Boice
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa Bouchier-Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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14
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Key necroptotic proteins are required for Smac mimetic-mediated sensitization of cholangiocarcinoma cells to TNF-α and chemotherapeutic gemcitabine-induced necroptosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227454. [PMID: 31914150 PMCID: PMC6948742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignant tumor originating in the biliary tract, is well known to be associated with adverse clinical outcomes and high mortality rates due to the lack of effective therapy. Evasion of apoptosis is considered a key contributor to therapeutic success and chemotherapy resistance in CCA, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we demonstrated that the induction of necroptosis, a novel regulated form of necrosis, could potentially serve as a novel therapeutic approach for CCA patients. The RNA sequencing data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed and revealed that both receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), two essential mediators of necroptosis, were upregulated in CCA tissues when compared with the levels in normal bile ducts. We demonstrated in a panel of CCA cell lines that RIPK3 was differentially expressed in CCA cell lines, while MLKL was more highly expressed in CCA cell lines than in nontumor cholangiocytes. We therefore showed that treatment with both tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Smac mimetic, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) antagonist, induced RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL-dependent necroptosis in CCA cells when caspases were blocked. The necroptotic induction in a panel of CCA cells was correlated with RIPK3 expression. Intriguingly, we demonstrated that Smac mimetic sensitized CCA cells to a low dose of standard chemotherapy, gemcitabine, and induced necroptosis in an RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL-dependent manner upon caspase inhibition but not in nontumor cholangiocytes. We further demonstrated that Smac mimetic and gemcitabine synergistically induced an increase in TNF-α mRNA levels and that Smac mimetic reversed gemcitabine-induced cell cycle arrest, leading to cell killing. Collectively, our present study demonstrated that TNF-α and gemcitabine induced RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL-dependent necroptosis upon IAP depletion and caspase inhibition; therefore, our findings have pivotal implications for designing a novel necroptosis-based therapeutic strategy for CCA patients.
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15
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Negative regulators of cell death pathways in cancer: perspective on biomarkers and targeted therapies. Apoptosis 2019; 23:93-112. [PMID: 29322476 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a primary cause of human fatality and conventional cancer therapies, e.g., chemotherapy, are often associated with adverse side-effects, tumor drug-resistance, and recurrence. Molecularly targeted therapy, composed of small-molecule inhibitors and immunotherapy (e.g., monoclonal antibody and cancer vaccines), is a less harmful alternative being more effective against cancer cells whilst preserving healthy tissues. Drug-resistance, however, caused by negative regulation of cell death signaling pathways, is still a challenge. Circumvention of negative regulators of cell death pathways or development of predictive and response biomarkers is, therefore, quintessential. This review critically discusses the current state of knowledge on targeting negative regulators of cell death signaling pathways including apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and anoikis and evaluates the recent advances in clinical and preclinical research on biomarkers of negative regulators. It aims to provide a comprehensive platform for designing efficacious polytherapies including novel agents for restoring cell death signaling pathways or targeting alternative resistance pathways to improve the chances for antitumor responses. Overall, it is concluded that nonapoptotic cell death pathways are a potential research arena for drug discovery, development of novel biomarkers and targeted therapies.
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16
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Evans DM, Fang J, Silvers T, Delosh R, Laudeman J, Ogle C, Reinhart R, Selby M, Bowles L, Connelly J, Harris E, Krushkal J, Rubinstein L, Doroshow JH, Teicher BA. Exposure time versus cytotoxicity for anticancer agents. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:359-371. [PMID: 31102023 PMCID: PMC8127868 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Time is a critical factor in drug action. The duration of inhibition of the target or residence time of the drug molecule on the target often guides drug scheduling. METHODS The effects of time on the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of approved and investigational agents [300 compounds] were examined in the NCI60 cell line panel in 2D at 2, 3, 7 and in 3D 11 days. RESULTS There was a moderate positive linear relationship between data from the 2-day NCI60 screen and the 3-, 7- and 11-day and a strong positive linear relationship between 3-, 7- and 11-day luminescence screen IC50s by Pearson correlation analysis. Cell growth inhibition by agents selective for a specific cell cycle phase plateaued when susceptible cells were growth inhibited or killed. As time increased the depth of cell growth inhibition increased without change in the IC50. DNA interactive agents had decreasing IC50s with increasing exposure time. Epigenetic agents required longer exposure times; several were only cytotoxic after 11 days' exposure. For HDAC inhibitors, time had little or no effect on concentration response. There were potency differences amongst the three BET bromodomain inhibitors tested, and an exposure duration effect. The PARP inhibitors, rucaparib, niraparib, and veliparib reached IC50s < 10 μM in some cell lines after 11 days. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that variations in compound exposure time may reflect either mechanism of action or compound chemical half-life. The activity of slow-acting compounds may optimally be assessed in spheroid models that can be monitored over prolonged incubation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Evans
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jianwen Fang
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Thomas Silvers
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Rene Delosh
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Julie Laudeman
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Chad Ogle
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Russell Reinhart
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Michael Selby
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Lori Bowles
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - John Connelly
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Erik Harris
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Julia Krushkal
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Larry Rubinstein
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - James H Doroshow
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, National Cancer Institute, RM 4-W602, MSC 9735, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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17
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Cong H, Xu L, Wu Y, Qu Z, Bian T, Zhang W, Xing C, Zhuang C. Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) Antagonists in Anticancer Agent Discovery: Current Status and Perspectives. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5750-5772. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cong
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yougen Wu
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Zhuo Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Tengfei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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18
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HTiP: High-Throughput Immunomodulator Phenotypic Screening Platform to Reveal IAP Antagonists as Anti-cancer Immune Enhancers. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:331-339.e3. [PMID: 30639259 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein- and cell-based immunotherapeutic agents have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, small-molecule immunomodulators with favorable pharmacological properties for reaching intracellular targets remain to be developed. To explore the vast chemical space, a robust method that recapitulates the complex cancer-immune microenvironment in a high-throughput format is essential. To address this critical gap, we developed a high-throughput immunomodulator phenotypic screening platform, HTiP, which integrates the immune and cancer cell co-culture system with imaging- and biochemical-based multiplexed readouts. Using the HTiP platform, we have demonstrated its capability in modeling an oncogenic KRAS mutation-driven immunosuppressive phenotype. From a bioactive chemical library, multiple structurally distinct compounds were identified, all of which target the same class of proteins, inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP). IAP has demonstrated roles in cancer immunity. Identification of IAP antagonists as potent anti-tumor immune enhancers provides strong validating evidence for the use of the HTiP platform to discover small-molecule immunomodulators.
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19
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Panayotopoulou EG, Müller AK, Börries M, Busch H, Hu G, Lev S. Targeting of apoptotic pathways by SMAC or BH3 mimetics distinctly sensitizes paclitaxel-resistant triple negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45088-45104. [PMID: 28187446 PMCID: PMC5542169 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard chemotherapy is the only systemic treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and despite the good initial response, resistance remains a major therapeutic obstacle. Here, we employed a High-Throughput Screen to identify targeted therapies that overcome chemoresistance in TNBC. We applied short-term paclitaxel treatment and screened 320 small-molecule inhibitors of known targets to identify drugs that preferentially and efficiently target paclitaxel-treated TNBC cells. Among these compounds the SMAC mimetics (BV6, Birinapant) and BH3-mimetics (ABT-737/263) were recognized as potent targeted therapy for multiple paclitaxel-residual TNBC cell lines. However, acquired paclitaxel resistance through repeated paclitaxel pulses result in desensitization to BV6, but not to ABT-263, suggesting that short- and long-term paclitaxel resistance are mediated by distinct mechanisms. Gene expression profiling of paclitaxel-residual, -resistant and naïve MDA-MB-231 cells demonstrated that paclitaxel-residual, as opposed to -resistant cells, were characterized by an apoptotic signature, with downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes (BCL2, BIRC5), induction of apoptosis inducers (IL24, PDCD4), and enrichment of TNFα/NF-κB pathway, including upregulation of TNFSF15, coupled with cell-cycle arrest. BIRC5 and FOXM1 downregulation and IL24 induction was also evident in breast cancer patient datasets following taxane treatment. Exposure of naïve or paclitaxel-resistant cells to supernatants of paclitaxel-residual cells sensitized them to BV6, and treatment with TNFα enhanced BV6 potency, suggesting that sensitization to BV6 is mediated, at least partially, by secreted factor(s). Our results suggest that administration of SMAC or BH3 mimetics following short-term paclitaxel treatment could be an effective therapeutic strategy for TNBC, while only BH3-mimetics could effectively overcome long-term paclitaxel resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna-Katharina Müller
- Molecular Cell Biology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Melanie Börries
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Albert Ludwigs-University, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Albert Ludwigs-University, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Guohong Hu
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Sima Lev
- Molecular Cell Biology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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20
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Najem S, Langemann D, Appl B, Trochimiuk M, Hundsdoerfer P, Reinshagen K, Eschenburg G. Smac mimetic LCL161 supports neuroblastoma chemotherapy in a drug class-dependent manner and synergistically interacts with ALK inhibitor TAE684 in cells with ALK mutation F1174L. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72634-72653. [PMID: 27655666 PMCID: PMC5341933 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor during infancy and childhood. Outcome of high-risk and late-stage disease remains poor despite intensive treatment regimens. Suppressing inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) using Smac mimetics (SM) significantly sensitizes neuroblastoma (NB) cells for chemotherapy, however strongly dependent on the cytotoxic drug combined with SM. Therefore, a systematic analysis of the impact of SM in combination with different classes of chemotherapeutics was of crucial importance. Treatment of NB cell lines with SM LCL161 and vinca alkaloids revealed a strong synergistic inhibition of proliferation and significant induction of apoptosis in virtually all established and de novo NB cell lines (n=8). In contrast, combination of anthracyclines or topoisomerase inhibitors with LCL161 showed a synergism for single drugs and/or cell lines only. Furthermore, we could show that insensibility to LCL161-mediated sensitization for chemotherapeutics is associated with aberrant activation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) by common mutation F1174L. Inhibition of ALK using TAE684 is able to overcome this resistance in a synergistic fashion, a finding that could be highly relevant for improvement of neuroblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiullah Najem
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doerte Langemann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Appl
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Trochimiuk
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Hundsdoerfer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konrad Reinshagen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Eschenburg
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Balakrishnan K, Fu M, Onida F, Wierda WG, Keating MJ, Gandhi V. Reactivation of Smac-mediated apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells: mechanistic studies of Smac mimetic. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39458-39472. [PMID: 27223062 PMCID: PMC5129945 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional apoptotic machinery is a hallmark feature of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Accordingly, targeting apoptosis regulators has been proven a rational approach for CLL treatment. We show that CLL lymphocytes express high levels of XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 compared to normal lymphocytes. Smac mimetic, Smac066, designed to bind to BIR3-domain of IAPs, induce apoptosis in primary CLL cells (n=71; p<0.0001), irrespective of prognostic markers. Apoptosis was mediated by diminished levels of IAPs (XIAP-p=0.02; cIAP-p<0.0001) and increased activation of caspases-8,-9,-3. The caspase-cleavage was in direct association with the levels of apoptosis (r2=0.8 for caspases-8,-9,-3). Correlative analysis revealed a direct relationship between reduction in IAPs and degree of apoptosis (r2=0.6 (XIAP); 0.5 (cIAP2)). There was a strong association between apoptosis, IAP-degradation, and concurrent caspase-activation. Pan-caspase inhibitor Z-Vad-fmk reversed the degradation of Mcl-1, but not IAPs suggesting that smac066 is selective to IAPs, however, Mcl-1 degradation is through caspase-mediated cleavage. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed physical interaction between caspase-3 and XIAP that was disrupted by smac066. Importantly, XIAP and cIAP2 were markedly induced in bone-marrow and lymph-node microenvironments, providing a basis for IAP antagonists as anti-tumor agents in CLL. Smac066 synergized with ABT-737, revealing a mechanistic rationale to jointly target BH3 and BIR3 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumudha Balakrishnan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Francesco Onida
- Department of Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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22
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Fulda S. Therapeutic opportunities based on caspase modulation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 82:150-157. [PMID: 29247787 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caspases are a family of proteolytic enzymes that play a critical role in the regulation of programmed cell death via apoptosis. Activation of caspases is frequently impaired in human cancers, contributing to cancer formation, progression and therapy resistance. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating caspase activation in cancer cells is therefore highly important. Thus, targeted modulation of caspase activation and apoptosis represents a promising approach for the development of new therapeutic options to elucidate cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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23
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Pilling AB, Hwang O, Boudreault A, Laurent A, Hwang C. IAP Antagonists Enhance Apoptotic Response to Enzalutamide in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells via Autocrine TNF-α Signaling. Prostate 2017; 77:866-877. [PMID: 28240376 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains incurable and identifying effective treatments continues to present a clinical challenge. Although treatment with enzalutamide, a second generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, prolongs survival in prostate cancer patients, responses can be limited by intrinsic resistance or acquired resistance. A potential mechanism of resistance to androgen axis inhibition is evasion of apoptosis. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are found to be overexpressed in prostate cancer and function to block apoptosis and promote survival signaling. Novel, small-molecule IAP antagonists, such as AEG40995, are emerging as a strategy to induce apoptosis and increase therapeutic response in cancer. METHODS Human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and C4-2 were treated with enzalutamide with or without addition of IAP antagonist AEG40995 and proliferation and survival were determined by MTS and clonogenic assay. Western blot was used to evaluate IAP protein expression changes and PARP-1 cleavage was assessed as indication of apoptosis. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze apoptosis in treated cells. Caspase activity was determined by luminescence assay. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunometric ELISA was used to assess TNF-α (transcript and protein levels, respectively) in response to treatment. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrate that IAP antagonist AEG40995 exhibits minimal effects on prostate cancer cell proliferation or survival, but rapidly degrades cIAP1 protein. Combination treatment with enzalutamide demonstrates that AEG40995 increases apoptosis and reduces proliferation and clonogenic survival in cell line models of prostate cancer. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that apoptosis in response to enzalutamide and IAP antagonist requires activation of caspase-8, suggesting extrinsic/death receptor apoptosis signaling. Assessment of TNF-α in response to combination treatment with enzalutamide and AEG40995 reveals increased mRNA expression and autocrine protein secretion. Blocking TNF-α signaling abrogates the apoptotic response demonstrating that TNF-α plays a critical role in executing cell death in response to this drug combination. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that IAP antagonists can increase sensitivity and amplify the caspase-mediated apoptotic response to enzalutamide through TNF-α signaling mechanisms. Combination with an IAP antagonist increases enzalutamide sensitivity, lowers the apoptotic threshold and may combat drug resistance in patients with prostate cancer. Prostate 77:866-877, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Pilling
- Henry Ford Health System, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ok Hwang
- Henry Ford Health System, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | - Clara Hwang
- Henry Ford Health System, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
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24
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Derakhshan A, Chen Z, Van Waes C. Therapeutic Small Molecules Target Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins in Cancers with Deregulation of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Cell Death Pathways. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:1379-1387. [PMID: 28039268 PMCID: PMC5354945 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has unveiled genomic deregulation of various components of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in different types of cancers. Such alterations are particularly common in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), which frequently display amplification and overexpression of the Fas-associated via death domain (FADD) and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) that complex with members of the TNF receptor family. Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics, modeled after the endogenous IAP antagonist SMAC, and IAP inhibitors represent important classes of novel small molecules currently in phase I/II clinical trials. Here we review the physiologic roles of IAPs, FADD, and other components involved in cell death, cell survival, and NF-κB signaling pathways in cancers, including HNSCC. We summarize the results of targeting IAPs in preclinical models of HNSCC using SMAC mimetics. Synergistic activity of SMAC mimetics together with death agonists TNFα or TRAIL occurred in vitro, whereas their antitumor effects were augmented when combined with radiation and chemotherapeutic agents that induce TNFα in vivo In addition, clinical trials testing SMAC mimetics as single agents or together with chemo- or radiation therapies in patients with HNSCC and solid tumors are summarized. As we achieve a deeper understanding of the genomic alterations and molecular mechanisms underlying deregulated death and survival pathways in different cancers, the role of SMAC mimetics and IAP inhibitors in cancer treatment will be elucidated. Such developments could enhance precision therapeutics and improve outcomes for cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res; 23(6); 1379-87. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Derakhshan
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zhong Chen
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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25
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Fulda S. Smac Mimetics to Therapeutically Target IAP Proteins in Cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 330:157-169. [PMID: 28215531 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) proteins are overexpressed in a variety of human cancers. Therefore, they are considered as promising targets for the design of therapeutic strategies. Smac mimetics mimic the endogenous mitochondrial protein Smac that antagonizes IAP proteins upon its release into the cytosol. Multiple preclinical studies have documented the ability of Smac mimetics to either directly induce cell death of cancer cells or to prime them to agents that trigger cell death. At present, several Smac mimetics are being evaluated in early clinical trials. The current review provides an overview on the potential of Smac mimetics as cancer therapeutics to target IAP proteins for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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26
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Cabal-Hierro L, O'Dwyer PJ. TNF Signaling through RIP1 Kinase Enhances SN38-Induced Death in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:395-404. [PMID: 28087739 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of TNF-directed mechanisms for cell death induction and maintenance of tumor growth has revealed a role for receptor-interacting protein kinases 1 and 3 (RIPK1/RIP1 and RIPK3/RIP3), components of the necrosome complex, as determinants of cell fate. Here, the participation of TNF signaling was analyzed with regard to the cytotoxic action of different DNA-damaging agents in a panel of colon cancer cells. While most of these cell lines were insensitive to TNF, combination with these drugs increased sensitivity by inducing cell death and DNA damage, especially in the case of the topoisomerase inhibitor SN38. Changes in levels of RIP1 and RIP3 occurred following monotherapy with SN38 or in combination with TNF. Downregulation of RIP1 resulted in increased resistance to SN38, implying a requirement for RIP1 in mediating cytotoxicity through the TNF/TNFR signaling pathway. Downregulation of RIP1 in a xenograft model impaired tumor growth inhibition from SN38 treatment, suggesting the potential of RIP1 to determine the clinical outcome of irinotecan treatment. These results indicate that TNF plays a key role in determining the cytotoxic effectiveness of SN38 in colorectal cancer and suggests a re-evaluation of TNF-based interventions to enhance therapeutic efficacy.Implications: The capacity of RIP1 to influence drug sensitivity suggests RIP1 may have biomarker potential. Mol Cancer Res; 15(4); 395-404. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cabal-Hierro
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Peter J O'Dwyer
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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27
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Sumi H, Inazuka M, Morimoto M, Hibino R, Hashimoto K, Ishikawa T, Kuida K, Smith PG, Yoshida S, Yabuki M. An inhibitor of apoptosis protein antagonist T-3256336 potentiates the antitumor efficacy of the Nedd8-activating enzyme inhibitor pevonedistat (TAK-924/MLN4924). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:380-386. [PMID: 27771247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are antiapoptotic regulators that block cell death, and are frequently overexpressed in several human cancers, where they facilitate evasion of apoptosis and promote cell survival. IAP antagonists are also known as second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC)-mimetics, and have recently been considered as novel therapeutic agents for inducing apoptosis, alone and in combination with other anticancer drugs. In this study, we showed that T-3256336, the orally available IAP antagonist has synergistically enhances the antiproliferative effects of the NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor pevonedistat (TAK-924/MLN4924), and these effects were attenuated by a TNFα-neutralizing antibody. In the present mechanistic analyses, pevonedistat induced TNFα mRNA and triggered IAP antagonist-dependent extrinsic apoptotic cell death in cancer cell lines. Furthermore, synergistic effects of the combination of T-3256336 and pevonedistat were demonstrated in a HL-60 mouse xenograft model. Our findings provide mechanistic evidence of the effects of IAP antagonists in combination with NAE inhibitors, and demonstrate the potential of a new combination therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sumi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-higashi, 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Inazuka
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-higashi, 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Megumi Morimoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-higashi, 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hibino
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-higashi, 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hashimoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-higashi, 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Ishikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-higashi, 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuida
- Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Peter G Smith
- Discovery, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sei Yoshida
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-higashi, 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masato Yabuki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-higashi, 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.
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28
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Czaplinski S, Abhari BA, Torkov A, Seggewiß D, Hugle M, Fulda S. Differential role of RIP1 in Smac mimetic-mediated chemosensitization of neuroblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41522-34. [PMID: 26575016 PMCID: PMC4747171 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the potential of Smac mimetics, which antagonize Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) proteins, for chemosensitization of neuroblastoma (NB). Here, we report that Smac mimetics, e.g. BV6, prime NB cells for chemotherapeutics including the topoisomerase II inhibitor doxorubicin (DOX) and vinca alkaloids such as Vincristine (VCR), Vinblastine (VBL) and Vinorelbine (VNR). Additionally, BV6 acts in concert with DOX or VCR to suppress long-term clonogenic growth. While BV6 causes rapid downregulation of cellular IAP (cIAP)1 protein and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation, DOX/BV6- or VCR/BV6-induced apoptosis occurs independently of NF-κB or TNFα signaling, since overexpression of dominant-negative IκBα superrepressor or the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)α-blocking antibody Enbrel fail to block cell death. Mechanistic studies reveal that Receptor-interacting protein (RIP)1 is required for DOX/BV6-, but not for VCR/BV6-induced apoptosis, since transient or stable knockdown of RIP1 or the pharmacological RIP1 inhibitor necrostatin-1 significantly reduce apoptosis. By comparison, VCR/BV6-mediated apoptosis critically depends on the mitochondrial pathway. VCR/BV6 cotreatment causes phosphorylation of BCL-2 during mitotic arrest, enhanced activation of BAX and BAK and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Additionally, overexpression of BCL-2 profoundly suppresses VCR/BV6-induced apoptosis. Thus, BV6 sensitizes NB cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis via distinct initial signaling mechanisms depending on the chemotherapeutic drug. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into Smac mimetic-mediated chemosensitization of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Czaplinski
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Alica Torkov
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominik Seggewiß
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Manuela Hugle
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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29
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Langdon CG, Wiedemann N, Held MA, Mamillapalli R, Iyidogan P, Theodosakis N, Platt JT, Levy F, Vuagniaux G, Wang S, Bosenberg MW, Stern DF. SMAC mimetic Debio 1143 synergizes with taxanes, topoisomerase inhibitors and bromodomain inhibitors to impede growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37410-25. [PMID: 26485762 PMCID: PMC4741938 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting anti-apoptotic proteins can sensitize tumor cells to conventional chemotherapies or other targeted agents. Antagonizing the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) with mimetics of the pro-apoptotic protein SMAC is one such approach. We used sensitization compound screening to uncover possible agents with the potential to further sensitize lung adenocarcinoma cells to the SMAC mimetic Debio 1143. Several compounds in combination with Debio 1143, including taxanes, topoisomerase inhibitors, and bromodomain inhibitors, super-additively inhibited growth and clonogenicity of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Co-treatment with Debio 1143 and the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 suppresses the expression of c-IAP1, c-IAP2, and XIAP. Non-canonical NF-κB signaling is also activated following Debio 1143 treatment, and Debio 1143 induces the formation of the ripoptosome in Debio 1143-sensitive cell lines. Sensitivity to Debio 1143 and JQ1 co-treatment was associated with baseline caspase-8 expression. In vivo treatment of lung adenocarcinoma xenografts with Debio 1143 in combination with JQ1 or docetaxel reduced tumor volume more than either single agent alone. As Debio 1143-containing combinations effectively inhibited both in vitro and in vivo growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells, these data provide a rationale for Debio 1143 combinations currently being evaluated in ongoing clinical trials and suggest potential utility of other combinations identified here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey G Langdon
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Matthew A Held
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pinar Iyidogan
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicholas Theodosakis
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James T Platt
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Breast Medical Oncology Group, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Shaomeng Wang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marcus W Bosenberg
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Departments of Dermatology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David F Stern
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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30
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Abstract
Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) proteins block programmed cell death and are expressed at high levels in various human cancers, thus making them attractive targets for cancer drug development. Second mitochondrial activator of caspases (Smac) mimetics are small-molecule inhibitors that mimic Smac, an endogenous antagonist of IAP proteins. Preclinical studies have shown that Smac mimetics can directly trigger cancer cell death or, even more importantly, sensitize tumor cells for various cytotoxic therapies, including conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or novel agents. Currently, several Smac mimetics are under evaluation in early clinical trials as monotherapy or in rational combinations (i.e., GDC-0917/CUDC-427, LCL161, AT-406/Debio1143, HGS1029, and TL32711/birinapant). This review discusses the promise as well as some challenges at the translational interface of exploiting Smac mimetics as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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31
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Richmond J, Robbins A, Evans K, Beck D, Kurmasheva RT, Billups CA, Carol H, Heatley S, Sutton R, Marshall GM, White D, Pimanda J, Houghton PJ, Smith MA, Lock RB. Acute Sensitivity of Ph-like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia to the SMAC-Mimetic Birinapant. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4579-91. [PMID: 27302164 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a genetically defined high-risk ALL subtype with a generally poor prognosis. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of birinapant, a small-molecule mimetic of the apoptotic regulator SMAC, against a diverse set of ALL subtypes. Birinapant exhibited potent and selective cytotoxicity against B-cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL) cells that were cultured ex vivo or in vivo as patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX). Cytotoxicity was consistently most acute in Ph-like BCP-ALL. Unbiased gene expression analysis of BCP-ALL PDX specimens identified a 68-gene signature associated with birinapant sensitivity, including an enrichment for genes involved in inflammatory response, hematopoiesis, and cell death pathways. All Ph-like PDXs analyzed clustered within this 68-gene classifier. Mechanistically, birinapant sensitivity was associated with expression of TNF receptor TNFR1 and was abrogated by interfering with the TNFα/TNFR1 interaction. In combination therapy, birinapant enhanced the in vivo efficacy of an induction-type regimen of vincristine, dexamethasone, and L-asparaginase against Ph-like ALL xenografts, offering a preclinical rationale to further evaluate this SMAC mimetic for BCP-ALL treatment. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4579-91. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Richmond
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alissa Robbins
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathryn Evans
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dominik Beck
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raushan T Kurmasheva
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Catherine A Billups
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hernan Carol
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sue Heatley
- South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rosemary Sutton
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Deborah White
- South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Pimanda
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia.
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32
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Min DJ, He S, Green JE. Birinapant (TL32711) Improves Responses to GEM/AZD7762 Combination Therapy in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:2649-2657. [PMID: 27272773 PMCID: PMC6953430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer currently lacking targeted therapies. Our previous work demonstrated a therapeutic synergism with gemcitabine (GEM) and the CHK1 inhibitor (AZD7762) combination treatment in a TNBC cell line. We hypothesized that the response to this combination therapy would differ among heterogeneous TNBC patients and that addition of a SMAC mimetic (TL32711) could improve efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Therapeutic responses to GEM, GEM/AZD7762, and GEM/AZD7762/TL32711 combinations were investigated by XTT assays and western blotting of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins in ten TNBC cell lines. RESULTS TNBC cell lines harboring low levels of endogenous CHK1, cIAP1 and cIAP2 were responsive to GEM alone, whereas cell lines demonstrating a minimal increase in phospho-S345 CHK1 after treatment were responsive to GEM/AZD7762 or GEM/AZD7762/TL32711 combination. CONCLUSION The response of TNBC cells to particular therapies varies and will require development of predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Joon Min
- Transgenic Oncogenesis and Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Siping He
- Transgenic Oncogenesis and Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey E Green
- Transgenic Oncogenesis and Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.
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33
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Intrinsic and chemo-sensitizing activity of SMAC-mimetics on high-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2052. [PMID: 26775704 PMCID: PMC4816168 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
SMAC-mimetics represent a targeted therapy approach to overcome apoptosis resistance in many tumors. Here, we investigated the efficacy of the SMAC-mimetic BV6 in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). In ALL cell lines, intrinsic apoptosis sensitivity was associated with rapid cIAP degradation, NF-κB activation, TNF-α secretion and induction of an autocrine TNF-α-dependent cell death loop. This pattern of responsiveness was also observed upon ex vivo analysis of 40 primograft BCP-ALL samples. Treatment with BV6 induced cell death in the majority of ALL primografts including leukemias with high-risk and poor-prognosis features. Inhibition of cell death by the TNF receptor fusion protein etanercept demonstrated that BV6 activity is dependent on TNF-α. In a preclinical NOD/SCID/huALL model of high-risk ALL, marked anti-leukemia effectivity and significantly prolonged survival were observed upon BV6 treatment. Interestingly, also in vivo, intrinsic SMAC-mimetic activity was mediated by TNF-α. Importantly, BV6 increased the effectivity of conventional induction therapy including vincristine, dexamethasone and asparaginase leading to prolonged remission induction. These data suggest SMAC-mimetics as an important addendum to efficient therapy of pediatric BCP-ALL.
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34
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Yu X, Deng Q, Li W, Xiao L, Luo X, Liu X, Yang L, Peng S, Ding Z, Feng T, Zhou J, Fan J, Bode AM, Dong Z, Liu J, Cao Y. Neoalbaconol induces cell death through necroptosis by regulating RIPK-dependent autocrine TNFα and ROS production. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1995-2008. [PMID: 25575821 PMCID: PMC4385831 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis/regulated necrosis is a caspase-independent, but receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK)-dependent form of cell death. In previous studies, neoalbaconol (NA), a constituent extracted from Albatrellus confluens, was demonstrated to induce necroptosis in some cancer cell lines. The molecular mechanism of NA-induced necroptosis is described in this research study. We determined that NA-induced cell death is partly dependent on tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) feed-forward signaling. More importantly, NA abolished the ubiquitination of RIPK1 by down-regulating E3 ubiquitin ligases, cellular inhibitors of apoptosis protein 1/2 (cIAP1/2) and TNFα receptor-associated factors (TRAFs). The suppression of RIPK1 ubiquitination induced the activation of the non-canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and stimulated the transcription of TNFα. Moreover, we also found that NA caused RIPK3-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and contribution to cell death. Taken together, these results suggested that two distinct mechanisms are involved in NA-induced necroptosis and include RIPK1/NF-κB-dependent expression of TNFα and RIPK3-dependent generation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Yu
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Qipan Deng
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Lanbo Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Songling Peng
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Liver Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Liver Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jikai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
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35
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Inhibition of caspases primes colon cancer cells for 5-fluorouracil-induced TNF-α-dependent necroptosis driven by RIP1 kinase and NF-κB. Oncogene 2015; 35:3399-409. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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36
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Caspase-8 activation by TRAIL monotherapy predicts responses to IAPi and TRAIL combination treatment in breast cancer cell lines. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1893. [PMID: 26426685 PMCID: PMC4632282 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of cancer cell-selective tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis generated broad excitement and development of TRAIL receptor agonists (TRA) as potential cancer therapy. Studies demonstrating the synergistic combination effect of SMAC mimetics and TRA further suggested potentially effective treatment in multiple tumour settings. However, predictive biomarkers allowing identification of patients that could respond to treatment are lacking. Here, we described a high throughput combination screen conducted across a panel of 31 breast cancer cell lines in which we observed highly synergistic activity between TRAIL and the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAP) inhibitor (IAPi) AZD5582 in ~30% of cell lines. We detected no difference in the expression levels of the IAPi or TRAIL-targeted proteins or common modulators of the apoptotic pathway between the sensitive and resistant cell lines. Synergistic combination effect of AZD5582 and TRAIL correlated with sensitivity to TRAIL, but not to AZD5582 as a single agent. TRAIL treatment led to significantly greater activity of Caspase-8 in sensitive than in resistant cell lines (P=0.002). The majority (12/14) of AZD5582+TRAIL-resistant cell lines retained a functional cell death pathway, as they were sensitive to AZD5582+TNFα combination treatment. This suggested that failure of the TRAIL receptor complex to transduce the death signal to Caspase-8 underlies AZD5582+TRAIL resistance. We developed a 3D spheroid assay and demonstrated its suitability for the ex vivo analysis of the Caspase-8 activity as a predictive biomarker. Altogether, our study demonstrated a link between the functionality of the TRAIL receptor pathway and the synergistic activity of the IAPi+TRA combination treatment. It also provided a rationale for development of the Caspase-8 activity assay as a functional predictive biomarker that could allow better prediction of the response to IAPi+TRA-based therapies than the analysis of expression levels of protein biomarkers.
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37
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Smac mimetic-induced upregulation of interferon-β sensitizes glioblastoma to temozolomide-induced cell death. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1888. [PMID: 26379193 PMCID: PMC4650438 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are frequently expressed at high levels in cancer cells and represent attractive therapeutic targets. We previously reported that the Smac (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases) mimetic BV6, which antagonizes IAP proteins, sensitizes glioblastoma cells to temozolomide (TMZ)-induced cell death in a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent manner. However, BV6-induced NF-κB target genes responsible for this synergistic interaction have remained elusive. Using whole-genome gene expression profiling, we here identify BV6-stimulated, NF-κB-dependent transcriptional upregulation of interferon-β (IFNβ) and IFN-mediated proapoptotic signaling as critical events that mediate BV6/TMZ-induced apoptosis. Knockdown of IFNβ significantly rescues cells from BV6/TMZ-induced cell death. Similarly, silencing of the corresponding receptor IFNα/β receptor (IFNAR) confers a significant protection against apoptosis, demonstrating that IFNβ and IFN signaling are required for BV6/TMZ-mediated cell death. Moreover, BV6 and TMZ cooperate to transcriptionally upregulate the proapoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 family proteins Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein) or Puma (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis). Knockdown of Bax or Puma significantly decreases BV6/TMZ-induced apoptosis, showing that both proteins are necessary for apoptosis. By identifying IFNβ as a key mediator of BV6/TMZ-induced apoptosis, our study provides novel insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of Smac mimetic-mediated chemosensitization with important implications for the development of novel treatment strategies for glioblastoma.
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38
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Zhu X, Straubinger RM, Jusko WJ. Mechanism-based mathematical modeling of combined gemcitabine and birinapant in pancreatic cancer cells. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2015; 42:477-96. [PMID: 26252969 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-015-9429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy is standard treatment for pancreatic cancer. However, current drugs lack efficacy for most patients, and selection and evaluation of new combination regimens is empirical and time-consuming. The efficacy of gemcitabine, a standard-of-care agent, combined with birinapant, a pro-apoptotic antagonist of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs), was investigated in pancreatic cancer cells. PANC-1 cells were treated with vehicle, gemcitabine (6, 10, 20 nM), birinapant (50, 200, 500 nM), and combinations of the two drugs. Temporal changes in cell numbers, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis were measured. A basic pharmacodynamic (PD) model based on cell numbers, and a mechanism-based PD model integrating all measurements, were developed. The basic PD model indicated that synergistic effects occurred in both cell proliferation and death processes. The mechanism-based model captured key features of drug action: temporary cell cycle arrest in S phase induced by gemcitabine alone, apoptosis induced by birinapant alone, and prolonged cell cycle arrest and enhanced apoptosis induced by the combination. A drug interaction term Ψ was employed in the models to signify interactions of the combination when data were limited. When more experimental information was utilized, Ψ values approaching 1 indicated that specific mechanisms of interactions were captured better. PD modeling identified the potential benefit of combining gemcitabine and birinapant, and characterized the key interaction pathways. An optimal treatment schedule of pretreatment with gemcitabine for 24-48 h was suggested based on model predictions and was verified experimentally. This approach provides a generalizable modeling platform for exploring combinations of cytostatic and cytotoxic agents in cancer cell culture studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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39
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Zhang S, Tang W, Weng S, Liu X, Rao B, Gu J, Chen S, Wang Q, Shen X, Xue R, Dong L. Apollon modulates chemosensitivity in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7183-97. [PMID: 25216531 PMCID: PMC4196194 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are often diagnosed with advanced diseases that respond poorly to chemotherapy. Here we reported that Apollon, a membrane-associated inhibitor of apoptosis protein, was overexpressed in ESCC cell lines and clinical ESCC tissues, and Apollon overexpression clinically correlated with poor response to chemotherapy (P = 0.001), and short overall survival (P = 0.021). Apollon knockdown increased cisplatin/docetaxel-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and cytochrome c release in two ESCC cell lines. Apollon knockdown potentiated cisplatin/docetaxel-induced long-term cell growth inhibition, and enhanced chemosensitivity of ESCC cells to cisplatin/docetaxel in xenograft tumor models. Apollon knockdown also enhanced cisplatin/docetaxel-induced activation of caspase-8 (extrinsic pathway) and caspase-9 (intrinsic pathway) in ESCC cells and xenograft tumor models. Mechanism studies revealed that the effect of Apollon on chemosensitivity is mainly mediated by Smac. Apollon expression strongly and negatively correlated with Smac expression in clinical ESCC tissues (P = 0.001). Apollon targeted Smac for degradation in ESCC cells. The effect of Apollon on chemosensitivity was reversed by Smac knockdown in ESCC cells. Taken together, our data show association of Apollon expression with chemotherapeutic response in ESCC, and provide a strong rationale for combining Apollon antagonism with chemotherapy to treat ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wenqing Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shuqiang Weng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Benqiang Rao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Anal Surgery and Institute of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - She Chen
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xizhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyi Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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40
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Conti A, Majorini MT, Elliott R, Ashworth A, Lord CJ, Cancelliere C, Bardelli A, Seneci P, Walczak H, Delia D, Lecis D. Oncogenic KRAS sensitizes premalignant, but not malignant cells, to Noxa-dependent apoptosis through the activation of the MEK/ERK pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 6:10994-1008. [PMID: 26028667 PMCID: PMC4484434 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS is mutated in about 20-25% of all human cancers and especially in pancreatic, lung and colorectal tumors. Oncogenic KRAS stimulates several pro-survival pathways, but it also triggers the trans-activation of pro-apoptotic genes. In our work, we show that G13D mutations of KRAS activate the MAPK pathway, and ERK2, but not ERK1, up-regulates Noxa basal levels. Accordingly, premalignant epithelial cells are sensitized to various cytotoxic compounds in a Noxa-dependent manner. In contrast to these findings, colorectal cancer cell sensitivity to treatment is independent of KRAS status and Noxa levels are not up-regulated in the presence of mutated KRAS despite the fact that ERK2 still promotes Noxa expression. We therefore speculated that other survival pathways are counteracting the pro-apoptotic effect of mutated KRAS and found that the inhibition of AKT restores sensitivity to treatment, especially in presence of oncogenic KRAS. In conclusion, our work suggests that the pharmacological inhibition of the pathways triggered by mutated KRAS could also switch off its oncogene-activated pro-apoptotic stimulation. On the contrary, the combination of chemotherapy to inhibitors of specific pro-survival pathways, such as the one controlled by AKT, could enhance treatment efficacy by exploiting the pro-death stimulation derived by oncogene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Conti
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Majorini
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard Elliott
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Current Address: UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher J. Lord
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Carlotta Cancelliere
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milano, Italy
| | - Pierfausto Seneci
- Università Degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Milan, Italy
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Domenico Delia
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Lecis
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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41
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Liese J, Abhari BA, Fulda S. Smac mimetic and oleanolic acid synergize to induce cell death in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 365:47-56. [PMID: 25917078 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a major unsolved problem highlighting the need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we identify a novel synergistic induction of cell death by the combination of the Smac mimetic BV6, which antagonizes Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, and the triterpenoid oleanolic acid (OA) in human HCC cells. Importantly, BV6 and OA also cooperate to suppress long-term clonogenic survival as well as tumor growth in a preclinical in vivo model of HCC underscoring the clinical relevance of our findings. In contrast, BV6/OA cotreatment does not exert cytotoxic effects against normal primary hepatocytes, pointing to some tumor selectivity. Mechanistic studies show that BV6/OA cotreatment leads to DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 cleavage, while supply of the pan-caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (zVAD.fmk) revealed a cell type-dependent requirement of caspases for BV6/OA-induced cell death. The receptor interacting protein (RIP)1 kinase Inhibitor Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) or genetic knockdown of RIP1 fails to rescue BV6/OA-mediated cell death, indicating that BV6/OA cotreatment does not primarily engage necroptotic cell death. Notably, the addition of several reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers significantly decreases BV6/OA-triggered cell death, indicating that ROS production contributes to BV6/OA-induced cell death. In conclusion, cotreatment of Smac mimetic and OA represents a novel approach for the induction of cell death in HCC and implicates further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Liese
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; General and Visceral Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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42
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Witt A, Seeger JM, Coutelle O, Zigrino P, Broxtermann P, Andree M, Brinkmann K, Jüngst C, Schauss AC, Schüll S, Wohlleber D, Knolle PA, Krönke M, Mauch C, Kashkar H. IAP antagonization promotes inflammatory destruction of vascular endothelium. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:719-27. [PMID: 25825408 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201439616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we show for the first time that the therapeutic antagonization of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) inhibits B16 melanoma growth by disrupting tumor vasculature. Specifically, the treatment of mice bearing B16 melanoma with an IAP antagonist compound A (Comp A) inhibits tumor growth not by inducing direct cytotoxicity against B16 cells but rather by a hitherto unrecognized antiangiogenic activity against tumor vessels. Our detailed analysis showed that Comp A treatment induces NF-κB activity in B16 tumor cells and facilitates the production of TNF. In the presence of Comp A, endothelial cells (ECs) become highly susceptible to TNF and undergo apoptotic cell death. Accordingly, the antiangiogenic and growth-attenuating effects of Comp A treatment were completely abolished in TNF-R knockout mice. This novel targeting approach could be of clinical value in controlling pathological neoangiogenesis under inflammatory condition while sparing blood vessels under normal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Witt
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens M Seeger
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Coutelle
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paola Zigrino
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pia Broxtermann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Andree
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brinkmann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Jüngst
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid C Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Schüll
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Percy A Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Martin Krönke
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cornelia Mauch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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43
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Abstract
As the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) proteins are expressed at high levels in human cancers, they represent promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Small-molecule inhibitors of IAP proteins mimicking the endogenous IAP antagonist Smac, called Smac mimetics, neutralize IAP proteins and thereby promote the induction of cell death. Smac mimetics have been shown in preclinical models of human cancer to directly trigger cancer cell death or to sensitize for cancer cell death induced by a variety of cytotoxic stimuli. Smac mimetics are currently undergoing clinical evaluation in phase I/II trials, demonstrating that therapeutic targeting of IAP proteins has reached the clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Komturstr. 3a, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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44
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Bai L, Smith DC, Wang S. Small-molecule SMAC mimetics as new cancer therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 144:82-95. [PMID: 24841289 PMCID: PMC4247261 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a tightly regulated cellular process and faulty regulation of apoptosis is a hallmark of human cancers. Targeting key apoptosis regulators with the goal to restore apoptosis in tumor cells has been pursued as a new cancer therapeutic strategy. XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2, members of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, are critical regulators of cell death and survival and are attractive targets for new cancer therapy. The SMAC/DIABLO protein is an endogenous antagonist of XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2. In the last decade, intense research efforts have resulted in the design and development of several small-molecule SMAC mimetics now in clinical trials for cancer treatment. In this review, we will discuss the roles of XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 in regulation of cell death and survival, and the design and development of small-molecule SMAC mimetics as novel cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longchuan Bai
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David C Smith
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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45
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Garg G, Vangveravong S, Zeng C, Collins L, Hornick M, Hashim Y, Piwnica-Worms D, Powell MA, Mutch DG, Mach RH, Hawkins WG, Spitzer D. Conjugation to a SMAC mimetic potentiates sigma-2 ligand induced tumor cell death in ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:50. [PMID: 24602489 PMCID: PMC4015918 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug resistance is a significant problem in the treatment of ovarian cancer and can be caused by multiple mechanisms. Inhibition of apoptosis by the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) represents one such mechanism, and can be overcome by a mitochondrial protein called second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC). We have previously shown that the ligands of sigma-2 receptors effectively induce tumor cell death. Additionally, because sigma-2 receptors are preferentially expressed in tumor cells, their ligands provide an effective mechanism for selective anti-cancer therapy. METHODS In the current work, we have improved upon the previously described sigma-2 ligand SW43 by conjugating it to a pro-apoptotic small molecule SMAC mimetic SW IV-52, thus generating the novel cancer therapeutic SW IV-134. The new cancer drug was tested for receptor selectivity and tumor cell killing activity in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We have shown that SW IV-134 retained adequate sigma-2 receptor binding affinity in the context of the conjugate and potently induced cell death in ovarian cancer cells. The cell death induced by SW IV-134 was significantly greater than that observed with either SW43 or SW IV-52 alone and in combination. Furthermore, the intraperitoneal administration of SW IV-134 significantly reduced tumor burden and improved overall survival in a mouse xenograft model of ovarian cancer without causing significant adverse effects to normal tissues. Mechanistically, SW IV-134 induced degradation of cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 leading to NF-қB activation and TNFα-dependent cell death. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that coupling sigma-2 ligands to SMAC peptidomimetics enhances their effectiveness while maintaining the cancer selectivity. This encouraging proof-of-principle preclinical study supports further development of tumor-targeted small peptide mimetics via ligands to the sigma-2 receptor for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjal Garg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Suwanna Vangveravong
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiological Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chenbo Zeng
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Chemistry Building, Room 283, 231 S. 34th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lynne Collins
- Departments of Cell Biology & Physiology, Developmental Biology, Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, BRIGHT Institute, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mary Hornick
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yassar Hashim
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Departments of Cell Biology & Physiology, Developmental Biology, Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, BRIGHT Institute, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Cancer Systems Imaging Department, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, T. Boone Pickens Academic Tower, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1479, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew A Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David G Mutch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Chemistry Building, Room 283, 231 S. 34th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Britton Chance Professor of Radiology, Director of Radiochemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Chemistry Building, Room 283, 231 S. 34th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William G Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dirk Spitzer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8109, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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46
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Benetatos CA, Mitsuuchi Y, Burns JM, Neiman EM, Condon SM, Yu G, Seipel ME, Kapoor GS, Laporte MG, Rippin SR, Deng Y, Hendi MS, Tirunahari PK, Lee YH, Haimowitz T, Alexander MD, Graham MA, Weng D, Shi Y, McKinlay MA, Chunduru SK. Birinapant (TL32711), a bivalent SMAC mimetic, targets TRAF2-associated cIAPs, abrogates TNF-induced NF-κB activation, and is active in patient-derived xenograft models. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:867-79. [PMID: 24563541 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of apoptosis resistance is a fundamental event in cancer development. Among the mechanisms used by cancer cells to evade apoptosis is the dysregulation of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins. The activity of the IAPs is regulated by endogenous IAP antagonists such as SMAC (also termed DIABLO). Antagonism of IAP proteins by SMAC occurs via binding of the N-terminal tetrapeptide (AVPI) of SMAC to selected BIR domains of the IAPs. Small molecule compounds that mimic the AVPI motif of SMAC have been designed to overcome IAP-mediated apoptosis resistance of cancer cells. Here, we report the preclinical characterization of birinapant (TL32711), a bivalent SMAC-mimetic compound currently in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. Birinapant bound to the BIR3 domains of cIAP1, cIAP2, XIAP, and the BIR domain of ML-IAP in vitro and induced the autoubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of cIAP1 and cIAP2 in intact cells, which resulted in formation of a RIPK1:caspase-8 complex, caspase-8 activation, and induction of tumor cell death. Birinapant preferentially targeted the TRAF2-associated cIAP1 and cIAP2 with subsequent inhibition of TNF-induced NF-κB activation. The activity of a variety of chemotherapeutic cancer drugs was potentiated by birinapant both in a TNF-dependent or TNF-independent manner. Tumor growth in multiple primary patient-derived xenotransplant models was inhibited by birinapant at well-tolerated doses. These results support the therapeutic combination of birinapant with multiple chemotherapies, in particular, those therapies that can induce TNF secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Benetatos
- Authors' Affiliations: TetraLogic Pharmaceuticals, 343 Phoenixville Pike, Malvern, Pennsylvania; and Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
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47
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Rettinger E, Glatthaar A, Abhari BA, Oelsner S, Pfirrmann V, Huenecke S, Kuçi S, Kreyenberg H, Willasch AM, Klingebiel T, Fulda S, Bader P. SMAC Mimetic BV6 Enables Sensitization of Resistant Tumor Cells but also Affects Cytokine-Induced Killer (CIK) Cells: A Potential Challenge for Combination Therapy. Front Pediatr 2014; 2:75. [PMID: 25101252 PMCID: PMC4103003 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2014.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an established treatment option for high-risk hematological malignancies, and may also be offered to patients with solid malignancies refractory to conventional therapies. In case of patients' relapse, refractory tumor cells may then be targeted by cellular therapy-based combination strategies. Here, we investigated the potential of small molecule IAP (SMAC mimetic) BV6 in increasing cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity against different tumor targets. Four-hour pre-incubation with 2.5 μMol BV6 moderately enhanced CIK cell-mediated lysis of hematological (H9, THP-1, and Tanoue) and solid malignancies (RH1, RH30, and TE671). However, BV6 also increased apoptosis of non-malignant cells like peripheral blood mononuclear cells and most notably had an inhibitory effect on immune cells potentially limiting their cytotoxic potential. Hence, cytotoxicity increased in a dose-dependent manner when BV6 was removed before CIK cells were added to tumor targets. However, cytotoxic potential was not further increasable by extending BV6 pre-incubation period of target cells from 4 to 12 h. Molecular studies revealed that BV6 sensitization of target cells involved activation of caspases. Here, we provide evidence that SMAC mimetic may sensitize targets cells for CIK cell-induced cell death. However, BV6 also increased apoptosis of non-malignant cells like CIK cells and peripheral mononuclear cells. These findings may therefore be important for cell- and small molecule IAP-based combination therapies of resistant cancers after allogeneic HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rettinger
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Andreas Glatthaar
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Behnaz Ahangarian Abhari
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Sarah Oelsner
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt , Germany ; Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Verena Pfirrmann
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Sabine Huenecke
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Selim Kuçi
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Hermann Kreyenberg
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Andre M Willasch
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Thomas Klingebiel
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Peter Bader
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt , Germany
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48
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Gatti L, De Cesare M, Ciusani E, Corna E, Arrighetti N, Cominetti D, Belvisi L, Potenza D, Moroni E, Vasile F, Lecis D, Delia D, Castiglioni V, Scanziani E, Seneci P, Zaffaroni N, Perego P. Antitumor Activity of a Novel Homodimeric SMAC Mimetic in Ovarian Carcinoma. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:283-93. [DOI: 10.1021/mp4004578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gatti
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Michelandrea De Cesare
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Emilio Ciusani
- Laboratory
of Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Corna
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Noemi Arrighetti
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Denis Cominetti
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi
19, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Donatella Potenza
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi
19, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moroni
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi
19, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Francesca Vasile
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi
19, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Daniele Lecis
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Domenico Delia
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Vittoria Castiglioni
- Department
of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department
of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Pierfausto Seneci
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi
19, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Department
of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy
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49
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Fulda S. Molecular pathways: targeting inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in cancer--from molecular mechanism to therapeutic application. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:289-95. [PMID: 24270683 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins play a critical role in the control of survival and cell death by regulating key signaling events such as caspase activation and NF-κB signaling. Because aberrantly high expression of IAP proteins represents a frequent oncogenic event in human cancers, therapeutic targeting of IAP proteins is considered as a promising approach. Several small-molecule pharmacologic inhibitors of IAP proteins that mimic the binding domain of the endogenous IAP antagonist second mitochondrial activator of caspases (Smac) to IAP proteins have been developed over the past few years. IAP antagonists have been shown in various preclinical cancer models to either directly initiate cell death or, alternatively, to prime cancer cells for cytotoxic therapies by lowering the threshold for cell death induction. IAP antagonists (i.e., GDC-0917/CUDC-427, LCL161, AT-406, HGS1029, and TL32711) are currently under evaluation in early clinical trials alone or in combination regimens. Thus, the concept to therapeutically target IAP proteins in human cancer has in principle been successfully transferred into a clinical setting and warrants further evaluation as a treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fulda
- Author's Affiliation: Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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50
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Lecis D, De Cesare M, Perego P, Conti A, Corna E, Drago C, Seneci P, Walczak H, Colombo MP, Delia D, Sangaletti S. Smac mimetics induce inflammation and necrotic tumour cell death by modulating macrophage activity. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e920. [PMID: 24232096 PMCID: PMC3847325 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Smac mimetics (SMs) comprise a class of small molecules that target members of the inhibitor of apoptosis family of pro-survival proteins, whose expression in cancer cells hinders the action of conventional chemotherapeutics. Herein, we describe the activity of SM83, a newly synthesised dimeric SM, in two cancer ascites models: athymic nude mice injected intraperitoneally with IGROV-1 human ovarian carcinoma cells and immunocompetent BALB/c mice injected with murine Meth A sarcoma cells. SM83 rapidly killed ascitic IGROV-1 and Meth A cells in vivo (prolonging mouse survival), but was ineffective against the same cells in vitro. IGROV-1 cells in nude mice were killed within the ascites by a non-apoptotic, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-dependent mechanism. SM83 administration triggered a rapid inflammatory event characterised by host secretion of TNF, interleukin-1β and interferon-γ. This inflammatory response was associated with the reversion of the phenotype of tumour-associated macrophages from a pro-tumoural M2- to a pro-inflammatory M1-like state. SM83 treatment was also associated with a massive recruitment of neutrophils that, however, was not essential for the antitumoural activity of this compound. In BALB/c mice bearing Meth A ascites, SM83 treatment was in some cases curative, and these mice became resistant to a second injection of cancer cells, suggesting that they had developed an adaptive immune response. Altogether, these results indicate that, in vivo, SM83 modulates the immune system within the tumour microenvironment and, through its pro-inflammatory action, leads cancer cells to die by necrosis with the release of high-mobility group box-1. In conclusion, our work provides evidence that SMs could be more therapeutically active than expected by stimulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lecis
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy
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