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Wachendörfer M, Palkowitz AL, Fischer H. Development of a biofabricated 3D in vitrovessel model for investigating transendothelial migration in stem cell therapy. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035028. [PMID: 38810632 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad51a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Systemic stem cell therapies hold promise for treating severe diseases, but their efficiency is hampered by limited migration of injected stem cells across vascular endothelium towards diseased tissues. Understanding transendothelial migration is crucial for improving therapy outcomes. We propose a novel 3Din vitrovessel model that aids to unravel these mechanisms and thereby facilitates stem cell therapy development. Our model simulates inflammation through cytokine diffusion from the tissue site into the vessel. It consists of a biofabricated vessel embedded in a fibrin hydrogel, mimicking arterial wall composition with smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The perfusable channel is lined with a functional endothelium which expresses vascular endothelial cadherin, provides an active barrier function, aligns with flow direction and is reconstructed byin situtwo-photon-microscopy. Inflammatory cytokine release (tumor necrosis factorα, stromal-derived factor (1) is demonstrated in both a transwell assay and the 3D model. In proof-of-principle experiments, mesoangioblasts, known as a promising candidate for a stem cell therapy against muscular dystrophies, are injected into the vessel model, showing shear-resistant endothelial adhesion under capillary-like flow conditions. Our 3Din vitromodel offers significant potential to study transendothelial migration mechanisms of stem cells, facilitating the development of improved stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattis Wachendörfer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alena Lisa Palkowitz
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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2
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Lu X, Wang Z, Ye D, Feng Y, Liu M, Xu Y, Wang M, Zhang J, Liu J, Zhao M, Xu S, Ye J, Wan J. The Role of CXC Chemokines in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:765768. [PMID: 35668739 PMCID: PMC9163960 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.765768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases with high disability and mortality rates. In the elderly population, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing annually. Between 1990 and 2016, the age-standardised prevalence of CVD in China significantly increased by 14.7%, and the number of cardiovascular disease deaths increased from 2.51 million to 3.97 million. Much research has indicated that cardiovascular disease is closely related to inflammation, immunity, injury and repair. Chemokines, which induce directed chemotaxis of reactive cells, are divided into four subfamilies: CXC, CC, CX3C, and XC. As cytokines, CXC chemokines are similarly involved in inflammation, immunity, injury, and repair and play a role in many cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension, aortic aneurysm, cardiac fibrosis, postcardiac rejection, and atrial fibrillation. Here, we explored the relationship between the chemokine CXC subset and cardiovascular disease and its mechanism of action with the goal of further understanding the onset of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Ye
- *Correspondence: Jing Ye, ; Jun Wan,
| | - Jun Wan
- *Correspondence: Jing Ye, ; Jun Wan,
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3
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Maric DM, Velikic G, Maric DL, Supic G, Vojvodic D, Petric V, Abazovic D. Stem Cell Homing in Intrathecal Applications and Inspirations for Improvement Paths. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084290. [PMID: 35457107 PMCID: PMC9027729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A transplanted stem cell homing is a directed migration from the application site to the targeted tissue. Intrathecal application of stem cells is their direct delivery to cerebrospinal fluid, which defines the homing path from the point of injection to the brain. In the case of neurodegenerative diseases, this application method has the advantage of no blood–brain barrier restriction. However, the homing efficiency still needs improvement and homing mechanisms elucidation. Analysis of current research results on homing mechanisms in the light of intrathecal administration revealed a discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro results and a gap between preclinical and clinical research. Combining the existing research with novel insights from cutting-edge biochips, nano, and other technologies and computational models may bridge this gap faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan M. Maric
- Department for Research and Development, Clinic Orto MD-Parks Dr Dragi Hospital, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Faculty of Dentistry Pancevo, University Business Academy, 26000 Pancevo, Serbia
- Vincula Biotech Group, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Gordana Velikic
- Department for Research and Development, Clinic Orto MD-Parks Dr Dragi Hospital, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Vincula Biotech Group, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (D.L.M.)
| | - Dusica L. Maric
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (D.L.M.)
| | - Gordana Supic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (G.S.); (D.V.)
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (G.S.); (D.V.)
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vedrana Petric
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dzihan Abazovic
- Vincula Biotech Group, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Department for Regenerative Medicine, Biocell Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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de Lucas B, Pérez LM, Bernal A, Gálvez BG. Application of low-intensity pulsed therapeutic ultrasound on mesenchymal precursors does not affect their cell properties. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246261. [PMID: 33571276 PMCID: PMC7877602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound is considered a safe and non-invasive tool in regenerative medicine and has been used in the clinic for more than twenty years for applications in bone healing after the approval of the Exogen device, also known as low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS). Beyond its effects on bone health, LIPUS has also been investigated for wound healing of soft tissues, with positive results for various cell processes including cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. As LIPUS has the potential to treat chronic skin wounds, we sought to evaluate the effects produced by a conventional therapeutic ultrasound device at low intensities (also considered LIPUS) on the migration capacity of mouse and human skin mesenchymal precursors (s-MPs). Cells were stimulated for 3 days (20 minutes per day) using a traditional ultrasound device with the following parameters: 100 mW/cm2 with 20% duty cycle and frequency of 3 MHz. At the parameters used, ultrasound failed to affect s-MP proliferation, with no evident changes in morphology or cell groupings, and no changes at the cytoskeletal level. Further, the migration and invasion ability of s-MPs were unaffected by the ultrasound protocol, and no major changes were detected in the gene/protein expression of ROCK1, integrin β1, laminin β1, type I collagen and transforming growth factor β1. Finally, RNA-seq analysis revealed that only 10 genes were differentially expressed after ultrasound stimulation. Among them, 5 encode for small nuclear RNAs and 2 encode for proteins belonging to the nuclear pore complex. Considering the results overall, while the viability of s-MPs was not affected by ultrasound stimulation and no changes were detected in proliferation/migration, RNA-seq analysis would suggest that s-MPs do respond to ultrasound. The use of 100 mW/cm2 intensity or conventional therapeutic ultrasound devices might not be optimal for the stimulation the properties of cell populations. Future studies should investigate the potential application of ultrasound using variations of the tested parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Lucas
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M. Pérez
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Growth Factor Screening in Dystrophic Muscles Reveals PDGFB/PDGFRB-Mediated Migration of Interstitial Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051118. [PMID: 30841538 PMCID: PMC6429448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive muscle degeneration followed by dilated cardiomyopathy is a hallmark of muscular dystrophy. Stem cell therapy is suggested to replace diseased myofibers by healthy myofibers, although so far, we are faced by low efficiencies of migration and engraftment of stem cells. Chemokines are signalling proteins guiding cell migration and have been shown to tightly regulate muscle tissue repair. We sought to determine which chemokines are expressed in dystrophic muscles undergoing tissue remodelling. Therefore, we analysed the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in skeletal and cardiac muscles from Sarcoglycan-α null, Sarcoglycan-β null and immunodeficient Sgcβ-null mice. We found that several chemokines are dysregulated in dystrophic muscles. We further show that one of these, platelet-derived growth factor-B, promotes interstitial stem cell migration. This finding provides perspective to an approachable mechanism for improving stem cell homing towards dystrophic muscles.
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He XT, Wang J, Li X, Yin Y, Sun HH, Chen FM. The Critical Role of Cell Homing in Cytotherapeutics and Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an P. R. China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials, and Advanced Manufacture; Biomaterials Unit; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an P. R. China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials, and Advanced Manufacture; Biomaterials Unit; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an P. R. China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials, and Advanced Manufacture; Biomaterials Unit; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an P. R. China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials, and Advanced Manufacture; Biomaterials Unit; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Hai-Hua Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Periodontology; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an P. R. China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials, and Advanced Manufacture; Biomaterials Unit; School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; 710032 Xi'an P. R. China
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7
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Louwen F, Ritter A, Kreis NN, Yuan J. Insight into the development of obesity: functional alterations of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Obes Rev 2018. [PMID: 29521029 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a variety of disorders including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and cancer. Obesity changes the composition and structure of adipose tissue, linked to pro-inflammatory environment, endocrine/metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have multiple functions like cell renewal, spontaneous repair and homeostasis in adipose tissue. In this review article, we have summarized the recent data highlighting that ASCs in obesity are defective in various functionalities and properties including differentiation, angiogenesis, motility, multipotent state, metabolism and immunomodulation. Inflammatory milieu, hypoxia and abnormal metabolites in obese tissue are crucial for impairing the functions of ASCs. Further work is required to explore the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its alterations and impairments. Based on these data, we suggest that deregulated ASCs, possibly also other mesenchymal stem cells, are important in promoting the development of obesity. Restoration of ASCs/mesenchymal stem cells might be an additional strategy to combat obesity and its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Louwen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Ritter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N N Kreis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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8
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de Lucas B, Pérez LM, Gálvez BG. Importance and regulation of adult stem cell migration. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:746-754. [PMID: 29214727 PMCID: PMC5783855 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is an essential process throughout the life of vertebrates, beginning during embryonic development and continuing throughout adulthood. Stem cells have an inherent ability to migrate, that is as important as their capacity for self‐renewal and differentiation, enabling them to maintain tissue homoeostasis and mediate repair and regeneration. Adult stem cells reside in specific tissue niches, where they remain in a quiescent state until called upon and activated by tissue environmental signals. Cell migration is a highly regulated process that involves the integration of intrinsic signals from the niche and extrinsic factors. Studies using three‐dimensional in vitro models have revealed the astonishing plasticity of cells in terms of the migration modes employed in response to changes in the microenvironment. These same properties can, however, be subverted during the development of some pathologies such as cancer. In this review, we describe the response of adult stem cells to migratory stimuli and the mechanisms by which they sense and transduce intracellular signals involved in migratory processes. Understanding the molecular events underlying migration may help develop therapeutic strategies for regenerative medicine and to treat diseases with a cell migration component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Lucas
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M Pérez
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz G Gálvez
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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9
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de Lucas B, Bernal A, M. Pérez L, San Martín N, Gálvez BG. Membrane Blebbing Is Required for Mesenchymal Precursor Migration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150004. [PMID: 26930466 PMCID: PMC4773234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal precursors (MPs) present some advantageous features, such as differentiation and migration, which make them promising candidates for cell therapy. A better understanding of MP migration characteristics would aid the development of cell delivery protocols. Traditionally, cell migration is thought to occur only through the formation of lamellipodia. More recently, contractility-driven bleb formation has emerged as an alternative mechanism of motility. Here we report that MPs derived from different tissues present spontaneously dynamic cytoplasmic projections in sub-confluent culture, which appear as a combination of lamellipodia with blebs in the leading edge. Upon initial seeding, however, only bleb structures could be observed. Immunofluorescence revealed the presence of pERM, RhoA and F-actin during the blebbing process. Results from migration assays in the presence of blebbistatin, a myosin II inhibitor, showed that bleb formation correlated with migratory capacity, suggesting a functional role for blebs in migration. Bleb formation might be a useful mechanism to improve cell migration in cellular therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Lucas
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Europea (UE), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M. Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria San Martín
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Europea (UE), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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10
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Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Improves the Functional Properties of Cardiac Mesoangioblasts. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Plaza GR, Marí N, Gálvez BG, Bernal A, Guinea GV, Daza R, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Solanas C, Elices M. Simple measurement of the apparent viscosity of a cell from only one picture: Application to cardiac stem cells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:052715. [PMID: 25493824 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.052715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical deformability of cells is a key property that influences their ability to migrate and their contribution to tissue development and regeneration. We analyze here the possibility of characterizing the overall deformability of cells by their apparent viscosity, using a simplified method to estimate that parameter. The proposed method simplifies the quantitative analysis of micropipette-aspiration experiments. We have studied by this procedure the overall apparent viscosity of cardiac stem cells, which are considered a promising tool to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue. Comparison with the apparent viscosity of low-viscosity cells such as immune-system cells suggests that treatments to reduce the viscosity of these cells could enhance their ability to repair damaged cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Plaza
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Marí
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B G Gálvez
- Department of Regenerative Cardiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Bernal
- Department of Regenerative Cardiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - G V Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Daza
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Pérez-Rigueiro
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Solanas
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Elices
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Ghorbel MT, Patel NN, Sheikh M, Angelini GD, Caputo M, Murphy GJ. Changes in renal medulla gene expression in a pre-clinical model of post cardiopulmonary bypass acute kidney injury. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:916. [PMID: 25331815 PMCID: PMC4210505 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication of cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The pathogenesis is poorly understood and the study of AKI in rodent models has not led to improvements in clinical outcomes. We sought to determine the changes in renal medullary gene expression in a novel and clinically relevant porcine model of CPB-induced AKI. RESULTS Adult pigs (n = 12 per group) were randomised to undergo sham procedure, or 2.5 hours CPB. AKI was determined using biochemical (Cr51 EDTA clearance, CrCl, urinary IL-18 release) and histological measures. Transcriptomic analyses were performed on renal medulla biopsies obtained 24 hours post intervention or from sham group. Microarray results were validated with real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western Blotting.Of the transcripts examined, 66 were identified as differentially expressed in CPB versus Sham pig's kidney samples, with 19 (29%) upregulated and 47 (71%) down-regulated. Out of the upregulated and downregulated transcripts 4 and 16 respectively were expression sequence tags (EST). The regulated genes clustered into three classes; Immune response, Cell adhesion/extracellular matrix and metabolic process. Upregulated genes included Factor V, SLC16A3 and CKMT2 whereas downregulated genes included GST, CPE, MMP7 and SELL. CONCLUSION Post CPB AKI, as defined by clinical criteria, is characterised by molecular changes in renal medulla that are associated with both injury and survival programmes. Our observations highlight the value of large animal models in AKI research and provide insights into the failure of findings in rodent models to translate into clinical progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T Ghorbel
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary; Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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Abstract
Although the adult mammalian heart was once believed to be a post-mitotic organ without any capacity for regeneration, recent findings have challenged this dogma. A modified view assigns to the mammalian heart a measurable capacity for regeneration throughout life. The ultimate goals of the cardiac regeneration field have been pursued by multiple strategies, including understanding the developmental biology of cardiomyocytes and cardiac stem and progenitor cells, applying chemical genetics, and engineering biomaterials and delivery methods that facilitate cell transplantation. Successful stimulation of endogenous regenerative capacity in injured adult mammalian hearts can benefit from studies of natural cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Abstract
Efficient delivery of stem cells to target tissues is a major problem in regenerative medicine. Adipose derived stem cells have been proposed as important tools in cell therapy for recovering tissues after damage. Nevertheless, the ability of these ASCs to migrate or invade in order to reach the tissue of interest has not been tested so far. In this study we present evidence that the ASCs derived from obese subjects present a detrimental ability to migrate and invade in comparison with ASCs derived from control subjects. Besides, obese-derived ASCs are unable to respond to certain stimuli and to form enough capillaries after stimulation. We propose that the use of specific cytokines could overcome these deficiencies of the obese environment, offering a tool to optimize cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) , Madrid , Spain
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Adult and cord blood endothelial progenitor cells have different gene expression profiles and immunogenic potential. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2013; 12 Suppl 1:s367-74. [PMID: 23867184 DOI: 10.2450/2013.0042-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) are endowed with vascular regenerative ability in vivo and in vitro. In this study we compared the genotypic profile and the immunogenic potential of adult and cord blood ECFC, in order to explore the feasibility of using them as a cell therapy product. MATERIALS AND METHODS ECFC were obtained from cord blood samples not suitable for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and from adult healthy blood donors after informed consent. Genotypes were analysed by commercially available microarray assays and results were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. HLA antigen expression was evaluated by flow-cytometry. Immunogenic capacity was investigated by evaluating the activation of allogeneic lymphocytes and monocytes in co-cultures with ECFC. RESULTS Microarray assays revealed that the genetic profile of cord blood and adult ECFC differed in about 20% of examined genes. We found that cord blood ECFC were characterised by lower pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic gene expression as compared to adult ECFC. Furthermore, whereas cord blood and adult ECFCs expressed similar amount of HLA molecules both at baseline and after incubation with γ-interferon, cord blood ECFC elicited a weaker expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Finally, we observed no differences in the amount of HLA antigens expressed among cord blood ECFC, adult ECFC and mesenchymal cells. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that cord blood ECFC have a lower pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic profile than adult ECFC. These preliminary data offer level-headed evidence to use cord blood ECFC as a cell therapy product in vascular diseases.
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Ivetic A. Signals regulating L-selectin-dependent leucocyte adhesion and transmigration. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:550-5. [PMID: 23299028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
L-selectin is a type I transmembrane cell adhesion molecule that is expressed on the surface of most circulating leukocytes. Studies in L-selectin knockout mice reveal a prominent role for this glycoprotein in health and disease, regulating leucocyte recruitment to peripheral lymph nodes (e.g. naïve T-cells) and sites of acute and chronic inflammation (e.g. monocytes and neutrophils). Clinical trials have revealed L-selectin as a promising target in some acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Unearthing the intracellular signals that act directly downstream of L-selectin may also expose novel therapeutic targets in a cell type/disease-specific manner. This review will focus on L-selectin-dependent signalling - exploring the different signals that potentially arise from distinct phases of the multi-step adhesion cascade and the contribution of known binding partners of L-selectin in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Ivetic
- Membrane/Cytoskeleton Signalling Group, Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation, Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
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Bernal A, Fernández M, Pérez LM, San Martín N, Gálvez BG. Method for obtaining committed adult mesenchymal precursors from skin and lung tissue. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53215. [PMID: 23300894 PMCID: PMC3534150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The present study reports an easy and efficient method for obtaining adult mesenchymal precursors from different adult mouse tissues. Materials and Methods We describe the isolation and expansion of mesenchymal precursors from skin and lung by a non-enzymatic method. Skin and lung mesenchymal precursors isolated by a modified explant technique were characterized in vitro by defined morphology and by a specific gene expression profile and surface markers. Results and Conclusions Our results show that these precursors express stem cell and mesenchymal surface markers as well as epithelial markers. However, they are negative for markers of endothelium, cardiac and skeletal muscle or adipose tissue, indicating that they have initiated commitment to the tissues from which were isolated. These precursors can migrate without any stimulus and in response to stimuli as SDF1, MCP1 and TNFα and can be differentiated into epithelial lineages. Based on the properties of these precursors from adult tissues, we propose their use as tools for regenerative biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M. Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria San Martín
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Jaerve A, Schira J, Müller HW. Concise review: the potential of stromal cell-derived factor 1 and its receptors to promote stem cell functions in spinal cord repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197665 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplanted stem cells provide beneficial effects on regeneration/recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) by the release of growth-promoting factors, increased tissue preservation, and provision of a permissive environment for axon regeneration. A rise in chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) expression levels in central nervous system (CNS) injury sites has been shown to play a central role in recruiting transplanted stem cells. Although technically more challenging, it has been shown that after SCI few endogenous stem cells are recruited via SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling. Evidence is accumulating that increasing SDF-1 levels at the injury site (e.g., by exogenous application or transfection methods) further enhances stem cell recruitment. Moreover, SDF-1 might, in addition to migration, also influence survival, proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine secretion of stem cells. Here, we discuss the experimental data available on the role of SDF-1 in stem and progenitor cell biology following CNS injury and suggest strategies for how manipulation of the SDF-1 system could facilitate stem cell-based therapeutic approaches in SCI. In addition, we discuss challenges such as how to circumvent off-target effects in order to facilitate the transfer of SDF-1 to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jaerve
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Wu J, Mao Z, Tan H, Han L, Ren T, Gao C. Gradient biomaterials and their influences on cell migration. Interface Focus 2012; 2:337-55. [PMID: 23741610 PMCID: PMC3363018 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2011.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration participates in a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as embryonic development, cancer metastasis, blood vessel formation and remoulding, tissue regeneration, immune surveillance and inflammation. The cells specifically migrate to destiny sites induced by the gradually varying concentration (gradient) of soluble signal factors and the ligands bound with the extracellular matrix in the body during a wound healing process. Therefore, regulation of the cell migration behaviours is of paramount importance in regenerative medicine. One important way is to create a microenvironment that mimics the in vivo cellular and tissue complexity by incorporating physical, chemical and biological signal gradients into engineered biomaterials. In this review, the gradients existing in vivo and their influences on cell migration are briefly described. Recent developments in the fabrication of gradient biomaterials for controlling cellular behaviours, especially the cell migration, are summarized, highlighting the importance of the intrinsic driving mechanism for tissue regeneration and the design principle of complicated and advanced tissue regenerative materials. The potential uses of the gradient biomaterials in regenerative medicine are introduced. The current and future trends in gradient biomaterials and programmed cell migration in terms of the long-term goals of tissue regeneration are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Tanchen Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
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Shen YH, Hu X, Zou S, Wu D, Coselli JS, LeMaire SA. Stem cells in thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections: potential contributors to aortic repair. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 93:1524-33. [PMID: 22440369 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hallmark of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD) is progressive medial degeneration, which can result from excessive tissue destruction and insufficient repair. Although multipotent stem cells (SCs) are important in tissue repair, their role in TAAD is unknown. We sought to determine whether SCs are more abundant in TAAD tissue than in control tissues, and whether SCs within the diseased aortic wall differentiate into functionally relevant cell types. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry, we compared the abundance of STRO-1+ cells, c-kit+ cells, and CD34+ cells in aortic tissue from patients with descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (n=12), patients with chronic descending thoracic aortic dissections (n=18), and age-matched organ donors (n=5). Using double immunofluorescence staining, we evaluated SC differentiation into smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages. RESULTS All three cell types were significantly more abundant in the media and adventitia of TAAD tissues than in control tissues. We identified subsets of STRO-1+ cells, c-kit+ cells, and CD34+ cells that also expressed the smooth muscle cell marker SM22-α or fibroblast-specific protein-1, suggesting SC differentiation into smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts. Other STRO-1+ cells expressed the macrophage marker CD68, suggesting differentiation into inflammatory cells. CONCLUSIONS Stem cells are more abundant in TAAD tissue than in normal aortic tissue. Differentiation of SCs into smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells within the diseased aortic wall suggests that SCs might be involved in both reparative and destructive remodeling processes in TAAD. Understanding the regulation of SC-mediated aortic remodeling will be a critical step toward designing strategies to promote aortic repair and prevent adverse remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying H Shen
- Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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