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Arauna D, Araya-Maturana R, Urra FA, García Á, Palomo I, Fuentes E. Altered dynamics of calcium fluxes and mitochondrial metabolism in platelet activation-related disease and aging. Life Sci 2024; 351:122846. [PMID: 38880165 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms controlling platelet function is crucial for exploring potential therapeutic targets related to atherothrombotic pathologies and primary hemostasis disorders. Our research, which focuses on the role of platelet mitochondria and Ca2+ fluxes in platelet activation, the formation of the procoagulant phenotype, and thrombosis, has significant implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Traditionally, Ca2+-dependent cellular signaling has been recognized as a determinant process throughout the platelet activation, controlled primarily by store-operated Ca2+ entry and the PLC-PKC signaling pathway. However, despite the accumulated knowledge of these regulatory mechanisms, the effectiveness of therapy based on various commonly used antiplatelet drugs (such as acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel, among others) has faced challenges due to bleeding risks and reduced efficacy associated with the phenomenon of high platelet reactivity. Recent evidence suggests that platelet mitochondria could play a fundamental role in these aspects through Ca2+-dependent mechanisms linked to apoptosis and forming a procoagulant phenotype. In this context, the present review describes the latest advances regarding the role of platelet mitochondria and Ca2+ fluxes in platelet activation, the formation of the procoagulant phenotype, and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Arauna
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Interuniversity Center of Healthy Aging (CIES), MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Félix A Urra
- Laboratory of Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Interuniversity Center of Healthy Aging (CIES), MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ángel García
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Interuniversity Center of Healthy Aging (CIES), MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Interuniversity Center of Healthy Aging (CIES), MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
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Agbani EO, Young D, Chen SA, Smith S, Lee A, Poole AW, Dufour A, Poon MC. Membrane procoagulation and N‑terminomics/TAILS profiling in Montreal platelet syndrome kindred with VWF p.V1316M mutation. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:125. [PMID: 37735203 PMCID: PMC10514327 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Montreal platelet syndrome kindred (MPS) with VWF p.V1316M mutation (2B-VWDMPS) is an extremely rare disorder. It has been associated with macrothrombocytopenia, spontaneous platelet clumping, mucocutaneous, and other bleeding, which can be largely prevented by von Willebrand factor (VWF) concentrate infusion. However, supplemental platelet transfusion has been required on occasion, particularly for severe gastrointestinal bleeds. This raised the question of whether a previously uncharacterized platelet dysfunction contributes to bleeding diathesis in 2B-VWDMPS patients. We have previously shown that membrane ballooning, a principal part of the platelet procoagulant membrane dynamics (PMD) after collagen stimulation, is driven by the influx of Na+ and Cl-, followed by the entry of water. METHODS We study two members (mother and daughter) of the MPS kindred with severe bleeding phenotype and address this question by coupling quantitative platelet shotgun proteomics and validating biochemical assays, with the systematic analysis of platelet procoagulant membrane dynamics (PMD). Using N-terminomics/TAILS (terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates), we compare changes in proteolysis between healthy and 2B-VWDMPS platelets. RESULTS Here, we report in 2B-VWDMPS platelets, the loss of the transmembrane chloride channel-1 (CLIC1), and reduced chloride ion influx after collagen stimulation. This was associated with diminished membrane ballooning, phosphatidylserine externalization, and membrane thrombin formation, as well as a distinct phenotypic composition of platelets over fibrillar collagen. We also identify processing differences of VWF, fibronectin (FN1), and Crk-like protein (CRKL). 2B-VWDMPS platelets are shown to be basally activated, partially degranulated, and have marked loss of regulatory, cytoskeletal, and contractile proteins. CONCLUSIONS This may account for structural disorganization, giant platelet formation, and a weakened hemostatic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaife O Agbani
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Daniel Young
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Si An Chen
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sophie Smith
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Adrienne Lee
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, Island Health, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Man-Chiu Poon
- Division of Hematology & Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Schmaier AA, Anderson PF, Chen SM, El-Darzi E, Aivasovsky I, Kaushik MP, Sack KD, Hartzell HC, Parikh SM, Flaumenhaft R, Schulman S. TMEM16E regulates endothelial cell procoagulant activity and thrombosis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163808. [PMID: 36951953 PMCID: PMC10231993 DOI: 10.1172/jci163808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) normally form an anticoagulant surface under physiological conditions, but switch to support coagulation following pathogenic stimuli. This switch promotes thrombotic cardiovascular disease. To generate thrombin at physiologic rates, coagulation proteins assemble on a membrane containing anionic phospholipid, most notably phosphatidylserine (PS). PS can be rapidly externalized to the outer cell membrane leaflet by phospholipid "scramblases," such as TMEM16F. TMEM16F-dependent PS externalization is well characterized in platelets. In contrast, how ECs externalize phospholipids to support coagulation is not understood. We employed a focused genetic screen to evaluate the contribution of transmembrane phospholipid transport on EC procoagulant activity. We identified 2 TMEM16 family members, TMEM16F and its closest paralog, TMEM16E, which were both required to support coagulation on ECs via PS externalization. Applying an intravital laser-injury model of thrombosis, we observed, unexpectedly, that PS externalization was concentrated at the vessel wall, not on platelets. TMEM16E-null mice demonstrated reduced vessel-wall-dependent fibrin formation. The TMEM16 inhibitor benzbromarone prevented PS externalization and EC procoagulant activity and protected mice from thrombosis without increasing bleeding following tail transection. These findings indicate the activated endothelial surface is a source of procoagulant phospholipid contributing to thrombus formation. TMEM16 phospholipid scramblases may be a therapeutic target for thrombotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec A. Schmaier
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Emale El-Darzi
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Kelsey D. Sack
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H. Criss Hartzell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Samir M. Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sol Schulman
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Agbani EO, Hers I, Poole AW. Platelet procoagulant membrane dynamics: a key distinction between thrombosis and hemostasis? Blood Adv 2023; 7:1615-1619. [PMID: 36574232 PMCID: PMC10173732 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ejaife O. Agbani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ingeborg Hers
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair W. Poole
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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5
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Liu Z, Avila C, Malone LE, Gnatenko DV, Sheriff J, Zhu W, Bahou WF. Age-restricted functional and developmental differences of neonatal platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2632-2645. [PMID: 35962592 PMCID: PMC10953828 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental ontogeny of neonatal thrombopoiesis retains characteristics that are distinct from adults although molecular mechanisms remain unestablished. METHODS We applied multiparameter quantitative platelet responses with integrated ribosome profiling/transcriptomic studies to better define gene/pathway perturbations regulating the neonatal-to-adult transition. A bioinformatics pipeline was developed to identify stable, neonatal-restricted platelet biomarkers for clinical application. RESULTS Cord blood (CB) platelets retained the capacity for linear agonist-receptor coupling linked to phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and α-granule release, although a restricted block in cross-agonist activation pathways was evident. Functional immaturity of synergistic signaling pathways was due to younger ontogenetic age and singular underdevelopment of the protein secretory gene network, with reciprocal expansion of developmental pathways (E2F, G2M checkpoint, c-Myc) important for megakaryocytopoiesis. Genetic perturbations regulating vesicle transport and fusion (TOM1L1, VAMP3, SNAP23, and DNM1L) and PS exposure and procoagulant activity (CLCN3) were the most significant, providing a molecular explanation for globally attenuated responses. Integrated transcriptomic and ribosomal footprints identified highly abundant (ribosome-protected) DEFA3 (encoding human defensin neutrophil peptide 3) and HBG1 as stable biomarkers of neonatal thrombopoiesis. Studies comparing CB- or adult-derived megakaryocytopoiesis confirmed inducible and abundant DEFA3 antigenic expression in CB megakaryocytes, ~3.5-fold greater than in leukocytes (the most abundant source in humans). An initial feasibility cohort of at-risk pregnancies manifested by maternal/fetal hemorrhage (chimerism) were applied for detection and validation of platelet HBG1 and DEFA3 as neonatal thrombopoiesis markers, most consistent for HBG1, which displayed gestational age-dependent expression. CONCLUSIONS These studies establish an ontogenetically divergent stage of neonatal thrombopoiesis, and provide initial feasibility studies to track disordered fetal-to-adult megakaryocytopoiesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Liu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Cecilia Avila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Lisa E. Malone
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Dmitri V. Gnatenko
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jawaad Sheriff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Wadie F. Bahou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Yang HY, Zhang C, Hu L, Liu C, Pan N, Li M, Han H, Zhou Y, Li J, Zhao LY, Liu YS, Luo BZ, Huang XQ, Lv XF, Li ZC, Li J, Li ZH, Wang RM, Wang L, Guan YY, Liu CZ, Zhang B, Wang GL. Platelet CFTR inhibition enhances arterial thrombosis via increasing intracellular Cl - concentration and activation of SGK1 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2596-2608. [PMID: 35241769 PMCID: PMC9525590 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet hyperactivity is essential for thrombus formation in coronary artery diseases (CAD). Dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in patients with cystic fibrosis elevates intracellular Cl- levels ([Cl-]i) and enhanced platelet hyperactivity. In this study, we explored whether alteration of [Cl-]i has a pathological role in regulating platelet hyperactivity and arterial thrombosis formation. CFTR expression was significantly decreased, while [Cl-]i was increased in platelets from CAD patients. In a FeCl3-induced mouse mesenteric arteriole thrombosis model, platelet-specific Cftr-knockout and/or pre-administration of ion channel inhibitor CFTRinh-172 increased platelet [Cl-]i, which accelerated thrombus formation, enhanced platelet aggregation and ATP release, and increased P2Y12 and PAR4 expression in platelets. Conversely, Cftr-overexpressing platelets resulted in subnormal [Cl-]i, thereby decreasing thrombosis formation. Our results showed that clamping [Cl-]i at high levels or Cftr deficiency-induced [Cl-]i increasement dramatically augmented phosphorylation (Ser422) of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK1), subsequently upregulated P2Y12 and PAR4 expression via NF-κB signaling. Constitutively active mutant S422D SGK1 markedly increased P2Y12 and PAR4 expression. The specific SGK1 inhibitor GSK-650394 decreased platelet aggregation in wildtype and platelet-specific Cftr knockout mice, and platelet SGK1 phosphorylation was observed in line with increased [Cl-]i and decreased CFTR expression in CAD patients. Co-transfection of S422D SGK1 and adenovirus-induced CFTR overexpression in MEG-01 cells restored platelet activation signaling cascade. Our results suggest that [Cl-]i is a novel positive regulator of platelet activation and arterial thrombus formation via the activation of a [Cl-]i-sensitive SGK1 signaling pathway. Therefore, [Cl-]i in platelets is a novel potential biomarker for platelet hyperactivity, and CFTR may be a potential therapeutic target for platelet activation in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ni Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Mei Li
- VIP Healthcare Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Li-Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yao-Sheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bing-Zheng Luo
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiong-Qing Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zi-Cheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruo-Mei Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li Wang
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yong-Yuan Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Can-Zhao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Guan-Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Phosphatidylserine orchestrates Myomerger membrane insertions to drive myoblast fusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202490119. [PMID: 36095199 PMCID: PMC9499509 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202490119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle cell fusion is a multistep process where the final step of the reaction drives progression beyond early hemifusion events to complete fusion. This step requires activity of the muscle-specific fusogen Myomerger, a single-pass transmembrane protein containing 84 amino acids with an ectodomain that includes two α-helices. Previous studies have demonstrated that Myomerger acts by destabilizing membranes through generation of elastic stresses in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. An obvious question is how such destabilizing activity might be regulated to avoid membrane and cellular damage, and how the two juxtaposed helices cooperate in fusion. Using cellular fusion assays and in vitro liposome assays, we report that the two helices possess unique characteristics, both of which are needed for full activity of the protein. We demonstrate that externalized phosphatidylserine (PS), a lipid previously implicated in myoblast fusion, has a determinant role in the regulation of Myomerger activity. The membrane-proximal, amphipathic Helix-1 is normally disordered and its α-helical structure is induced by PS, making membrane interactions more efficacious. The distal, more hydrophobic Helix-2 is intrinsically ordered, possesses an ability to insert into membranes, and augments the membrane-stressing effects of Helix-1. These data reveal that Myomerger fusogenic activity is an exquisitely orchestrated event involving its two ectodomain helices, which are controlled by membrane lipid composition, providing an explanation as to how its membrane-stressing activity is spatially and temporally regulated during the final step of myoblast fusion.
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Hughes MP, Kruchek EJ, Gibbins JM, Griffiths OV, Abdal B, Labeed FH. The Platelet Electrome: Evidence for a Role in Regulation of Function and Surface Interaction. Bioelectricity 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2021.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pycraft Hughes
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emily J. Kruchek
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M. Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bader Abdal
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Fatima H. Labeed
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Tamang HK, Yang R, Song Z, Hsu S, Peng C, Tung Y, Tzeng B, Chen C. Ca v 3.2 T-type calcium channel regulates mouse platelet activation and arterial thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1887-1899. [PMID: 35490411 PMCID: PMC9541131 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cav 3.2 is a T-type calcium channel that causes low-threshold exocytosis. T-type calcium channel blockers reduce platelet granule exocytosis and aggregation. However, studies of the T-type calcium channel in platelets are lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine the expression and role of Cav 3.2 in platelet function. METHODS Global Cav 3.2-/- and platelet-specific Cav 3.2-/- mice and littermate controls were used for this study. Western blot analysis was used to detect the presence of Cav 3.2 and activation of the calcium-responsive protein extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Fura-2 dye was used to assess platelet calcium. Flow cytometry and light transmission aggregometry were used to evaluate platelet activation markers and aggregation, respectively. FeCl3 -induced thrombosis and a microfluidic flow device were used to assess in vivo and ex vivo thrombosis, respectively. RESULTS Cav 3.2 was expressed in mouse platelets. As compared with wild-type controls, Cav 3.2-/- mouse platelets showed reduced calcium influx. Similarly, treatment with the T-type calcium channel inhibitor Ni2+ decreased the calcium influx in wild-type platelets. As compared with controls, both Cav 3.2-/- and Ni2+ -treated wild-type platelets showed reduced activation of ERK. ATP release, P-selectin exposure, and αIIb β3 activation were reduced in Cav 3.2-/- and Ni2+ -treated wild-type platelets, as was platelet aggregation. On in vivo and ex vivo thrombosis assay, Cav3.2 deletion caused delayed thrombus formation. However, tail bleeding assay showed intact hemostasis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Cav 3.2 is required for the optimal activation of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Kumar Tamang
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ruey‐Bing Yang
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Zong‐Han Song
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shao‐Chun Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Yi‐Chung Tung
- Research Center for Applied SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Bing‐Hsiean Tzeng
- Division of CardiologyFar Eastern Memorial Hospital and Tri‐Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Chang Chen
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
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10
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Li JC, Zou XM, Yang SF, Jin JQ, Zhu L, Li CJ, Yang H, Zhang AG, Zhao TQ, Chen CY. Neutrophil extracellular traps participate in the development of cancer-associated thrombosis in patients with gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3132-3149. [PMID: 36051331 PMCID: PMC9331535 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with high mortality among gastric cancer (GC) patients. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been reported to correlate with the prothrombotic state in some diseases, but are rarely reported in GC patients.
AIM To investigate the effect of NETs on the development of cancer-associated thrombosis in GC patients.
METHODS The levels of NETs in blood and tissue samples of patients were analyzed by ELISA, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining. NET generation and hypercoagulation of platelets and endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro were observed by immunofluorescence staining. NET procoagulant activity (PCA) was determined by fibrin formation and thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT) assays. Thrombosis in vivo was measured in a murine model induced by flow stenosis in the inferior vena cava (IVC).
RESULTS NETs were likely to form in blood and tissue samples of GC patients compared with healthy individuals. In vitro studies showed that GC cells and their conditioned medium, but not gastric mucosal epithelial cells, stimulated NET release from neutrophils. In addition, NETs induced a hypercoagulable state of platelets by upregulating the expression of phosphatidylserine and P-selectin on the cells. Furthermore, NETs stimulated the adhesion of normal platelets on glass surfaces. Similarly, NETs triggered the conversion of ECs to hypercoagulable phenotypes by downregulating the expression of their intercellular tight junctions but upregulating that of tissue factor. Treatment of normal platelets or ECs with NETs augmented the level of plasma fibrin formation and the TAT complex. In the models of IVC stenosis, tumor-bearing mice showed a stronger ability to form thrombi, and NETs abundantly accumulated in the thrombi of tumor-bearing mice compared with control mice. Notably, the combination of deoxyribonuclease I, activated protein C, and sivelestat markedly abolished the PCA of NETs.
CONCLUSION GC-induced NETs strongly increased the risk of VTE development both in vitro and in vivo. NETs are potential therapeutic targets in the prevention and treatment of VTE in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Cheng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shi-Feng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Qi Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chang-Jian Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - An-Ge Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tian-Qi Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chong-Yan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
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11
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Boekell KL, Brown BJ, Talbot BE, Schlondorff JS. Trpc6 gain-of-function disease mutation enhances phosphatidylserine exposure in murine platelets. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270431. [PMID: 35749414 PMCID: PMC9231752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets enhance coagulation by exposing phosphatidylserine (PS) on their cell surface in response to strong agonist activation. Transient receptor potential channels, including TRPC6, have been implicated in the calcium influx central to this process. Here, we characterize the effect of a Trpc6 gain-of-function (GOF) disease-associated, and a dominant negative (DN), mutation on murine platelet activation. Platelets from mice harboring Trpc6E896K/E896K (GOF) and Trpc6DN/DN mutations were subject to in vitro analysis. Trpc6E896K/E896K and Trpc6DN/DN mutant platelets show enhanced and absent calcium influx, respectively, upon addition of the TRPC3/6 agonist GSK1702934A (GSK). GSK was sufficient to induce integrin αIIbβ3 activation, P-selection and PS exposure, talin cleavage, and MLC2 phosphorylation in Trpc6E896K/E896K, but not in wild-type, platelets. Thrombin-induced calcium influx and PS exposure were enhanced, and clot retraction delayed, by GOF TRPC6, while no differences were noted between wild-type and Trpc6DN/DN platelets. In contrast, Erk activation upon GSK treatment was absent in Trpc6DN/DN, and enhanced in Trpc6E896K/E896K, platelets, compared to wild-type. The positive allosteric modulator, TRPC6-PAM-C20, and fluoxetine maintained their ability to enhance and inhibit, respectively, GSK-mediated calcium influx in Trpc6E896K/E896K platelets. The data demonstrate that gain-of-function mutant TRPC6 channel can enhance platelet activation, including PS exposure, while confirming that TRPC6 is not necessary for this process. Furthermore, the results suggest that Trpc6 GOF disease mutants do not simply increase wild-type TRPC6 responses, but can affect pathways not usually modulated by TRPC6 channel activity, displaying a true gain-of-function phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimber L. Boekell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brittney J. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brianna E. Talbot
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Johannes S. Schlondorff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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12
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Hamad MA, Krauel K, Schanze N, Gauchel N, Stachon P, Nuehrenberg T, Zurek M, Duerschmied D. Platelet Subtypes in Inflammatory Settings. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:823549. [PMID: 35463762 PMCID: PMC9021412 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.823549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their essential role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets also modulate inflammatory reactions and immune responses. This is achieved by specialized surface receptors as well as secretory products including inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Platelets can support and facilitate the recruitment of leukocytes into inflamed tissue. The various properties of platelet function make it less surprising that circulating platelets are different within one individual. Platelets have different physical properties leading to distinct subtypes of platelets based either on their function (procoagulant, aggregatory, secretory) or their age (reticulated/immature, non-reticulated/mature). To understand the significance of platelet phenotypic variation, qualitatively distinguishable platelet phenotypes should be studied in a variety of physiological and pathological circumstances. The advancement in proteomics instrumentation and tools (such as mass spectrometry-driven approaches) improved the ability to perform studies beyond that of foundational work. Despite the wealth of knowledge around molecular processes in platelets, knowledge gaps in understanding platelet phenotypes in health and disease exist. In this review, we report an overview of the role of platelet subpopulations in inflammation and a selection of tools for investigating the role of platelet subpopulations in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muataz Ali Hamad
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Krystin Krauel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nancy Schanze
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nadine Gauchel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Peter Stachon
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Thomas Nuehrenberg
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Mark Zurek
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology, and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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13
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Millington‐Burgess SL, Harper MT. Maintaining flippase activity in procoagulant platelets is a novel approach to reducing thrombin generation. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:989-995. [PMID: 35034417 PMCID: PMC9306496 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During thrombosis, procoagulant platelets expose phosphatidylserine (PS), which enhances local thrombin generation. Reducing platelet PS exposure could be a novel anti-thrombotic approach. PS is confined to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in unstimulated platelets by ATP-dependent "flippase" activity. Ca2+ ionophores trigger all platelets to expose a high level of PS by activating a scramblase protein and inactivating the flippase. Although R5421 was previously shown to reduce Ca2+ ionophore-induced PS exposure, its mechanism of action is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the mechanism by which R5421 reduces platelet PS exposure. METHODS Washed human platelets were stimulated with the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, to induce procoagulant platelet formation while bypassing proximal receptor signalling. Platelets PS exposure was detected using annexin V or lactadherin in flow cytometry. NBD (7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-PS was used to assess scramblase and flippase activity. Thrombin generation was monitored using a fluorogenic substrate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS R5421 reduced the extent of A23187-stimulated platelet PS exposure, as demonstrated with annexin V or lactadherin binding. R5421 also maintained flippase activity in procoagulant platelets. Although R5421 appeared to inhibit scramblase activity in procoagulant platelets, it did not once the flippase had been inhibited, demonstrating that scramblase activity is not directly inhibited. Furthermore, R5421 inhibited the contribution of A23187-stimulated platelets to thrombin generation. Together these data demonstrate that R5421 reduces the extent of PS exposure in procoagulant platelets by maintaining flippase activity. Maintaining flippase activity in procoagulant platelets is a novel and effective approach to reducing thrombin generation.
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14
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Veuthey L, Aliotta A, Bertaggia Calderara D, Pereira Portela C, Alberio L. Mechanisms Underlying Dichotomous Procoagulant COAT Platelet Generation-A Conceptual Review Summarizing Current Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2536. [PMID: 35269679 PMCID: PMC8910683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Procoagulant platelets are a subtype of activated platelets that sustains thrombin generation in order to consolidate the clot and stop bleeding. This aspect of platelet activation is gaining more and more recognition and interest. In fact, next to aggregating platelets, procoagulant platelets are key regulators of thrombus formation. Imbalance of both subpopulations can lead to undesired thrombotic or bleeding events. COAT platelets derive from a common pro-aggregatory phenotype in cells capable of accumulating enough cytosolic calcium to trigger specific pathways that mediate the loss of their aggregating properties and the development of new adhesive and procoagulant characteristics. Complex cascades of signaling events are involved and this may explain why an inter-individual variability exists in procoagulant potential. Nowadays, we know the key agonists and mediators underlying the generation of a procoagulant platelet response. However, we still lack insight into the actual mechanisms controlling this dichotomous pattern (i.e., procoagulant versus aggregating phenotype). In this review, we describe the phenotypic characteristics of procoagulant COAT platelets, we detail the current knowledge on the mechanisms of the procoagulant response, and discuss possible drivers of this dichotomous diversification, in particular addressing the impact of the platelet environment during in vivo thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lorenzo Alberio
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; (L.V.); (A.A.); (D.B.C.); (C.P.P.)
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15
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Sekhon UDS, Swingle K, Girish A, Luc N, de la Fuente M, Alvikas J, Haldeman S, Hassoune A, Shah K, Kim Y, Eppell S, Capadona J, Shoffstall A, Neal MD, Li W, Nieman M, Gupta AS. Platelet-mimicking procoagulant nanoparticles augment hemostasis in animal models of bleeding. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabb8975. [PMID: 35080915 PMCID: PMC9179936 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb8975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of bleeding disorders using transfusion of donor-derived platelets faces logistical challenges due to their limited availability, high risk of contamination, and short (5 to 7 days) shelf life. These challenges could be potentially addressed by designing platelet mimetics that emulate the adhesion, aggregation, and procoagulant functions of platelets. To this end, we created liposome-based platelet-mimicking procoagulant nanoparticles (PPNs) that can expose the phospholipid phosphatidylserine on their surface in response to plasmin. First, we tested PPNs in vitro using human plasma and demonstrated plasmin-triggered exposure of phosphatidylserine and the resultant assembly of coagulation factors on the PPN surface. We also showed that this phosphatidylserine exposed on the PPN surface could restore and enhance thrombin generation and fibrin formation in human plasma depleted of platelets. In human plasma and whole blood in vitro, PPNs improved fibrin stability and clot robustness in a fibrinolytic environment. We then tested PPNs in vivo in a mouse model of thrombocytopenia where treatment with PPNs reduced blood loss in a manner comparable to treatment with syngeneic platelets. Furthermore, in rat and mouse models of traumatic hemorrhage, treatment with PPNs substantially reduced bleeding and improved survival. No sign of systemic or off-target thrombotic risks was observed in the animal studies. These findings demonstrate the potential of PPNs as a platelet surrogate that should be further investigated for the management of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal Didar Singh Sekhon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA,Corresponding author. (U.D.S.S); (A.S.G.)
| | - Kelsey Swingle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Aditya Girish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Norman Luc
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Maria de la Fuente
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jurgis Alvikas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15123, USA
| | - Shannon Haldeman
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15123, USA
| | - Adnan Hassoune
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15123, USA
| | - Kaisal Shah
- Hathaway Brown School, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA
| | - Youjoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA,Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Steven Eppell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jeffrey Capadona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA,Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andrew Shoffstall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA,Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Matthew D. Neal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15123, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine of Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Marvin Nieman
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA,Corresponding author. (U.D.S.S); (A.S.G.)
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16
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Marcińczyk N, Gromotowicz-Popławska A, Tomczyk M, Chabielska E. Tannins as Hemostasis Modulators. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:806891. [PMID: 35095516 PMCID: PMC8793672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.806891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemostasis system is often affected by complications associated with cardiovascular diseases, which results in thromboembolic events. Compounds of plant origin and plant extracts are considered as a promising source of substances that could modulate the functioning of the hemostasis system and thus reduce the risk of thromboembolism. Among them, tannins, which are plant-origin compounds with potential effects in hemostasis, deserve a special mention. This paper describes the hemostasis-modifying ability of three groups of tannins, namely ellagitannins, gallotannins, and procyanidins. The review highlights the desirable as well as undesirable influence of tannins on specific components of hemostasis, namely platelets, coagulation system, fibrinolysis system, and endothelium, and the multidirectional effect of these compounds on the thrombotic process. Studies performed under normal and pathological conditions such as diabetes or hypercoagulation are described, and the pathophysiology-dependent action of tannins is also highlighted. Most of the studies presented in the paper were performed in vitro, and due to the low bioavailability of tannins more studies should be conducted in the future to understand their actual activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Marcińczyk
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Chabielska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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17
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Colchicine inhibits ROS generation in response to glycoprotein VI stimulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11965. [PMID: 34099810 PMCID: PMC8184800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colchicine inhibits coronary and cerebrovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and although known to have anti-inflammatory properties, its mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of colchicine on platelet activation with a particular focus on its effects on activation via the collagen glycoprotein (GP)VI receptor, P2Y12 receptor, and procoagulant platelet formation. Therapeutic concentrations of colchicine in vitro (equivalent to plasma levels) significantly decreased platelet aggregation in whole blood and in platelet rich plasma in response to collagen (multiplate aggregometry) and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (H2DCF-DA, flow cytometry) in response to GPVI stimulation with collagen related peptide-XL (CRP-XL, GPVI specific agonist). Other platelet activation pathways including P-selectin expression, GPIIb/IIIa conformational change and procoagulant platelet formation (GSAO+/CD62P+) (flow cytometry) were inhibited with higher concentrations of colchicine known to inhibit microtubule depolymerization. Pathway specific mechanisms of action of colchicine on platelets, including modulation of the GPVI receptor pathway at low concentrations, may contribute to its protective role in CAD.
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18
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Supramaximal calcium signaling triggers procoagulant platelet formation. Blood Adv 2021; 4:154-164. [PMID: 31935287 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Procoagulant platelets promote thrombin generation during thrombosis. Platelets become procoagulant in an all-or-nothing manner. We investigated how distinct Ca2+ signaling between platelet subpopulations commits some platelets to become procoagulant, using the high-affinity Ca2+ indicator Fluo-4, which may become saturated during platelet stimulation, or low-affinity Fluo-5N, which reports only very high cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations. All activated platelets had high Fluo-4 fluorescence. However, in Fluo-5N-loaded platelets, only the procoagulant platelets had high fluorescence, indicating very high cytosolic Ca2+. This finding indicates a novel, "supramaximal" Ca2+ signal in procoagulant platelets (ie, much higher than normally considered maximal). Supramaximal Ca2+ signaling and the percentage of procoagulant platelets were inhibited by cyclosporin A, a mitochondrial permeability transition pore blocker, and Ru360, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, with no effect on Fluo-4 fluorescence. In contrast, Synta-66, an Orai1 blocker, reduced Fluo-4 fluorescence but did not directly inhibit generation of the supramaximal Ca2+ signal. Our findings show a distinct pattern of Ca2+ signaling in procoagulant platelets and provide a new framework to interpret the role of platelet signaling pathways in procoagulant platelets. This requires reassessment of the role of different Ca2+ channels and may provide new targets to prevent formation of procoagulant platelets and limit thrombosis.
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19
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Chu Y, Guo H, Zhang Y, Qiao R. Procoagulant platelets: Generation, characteristics, and therapeutic target. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23750. [PMID: 33709517 PMCID: PMC8128296 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a pivotal role in hemostasis. Activated platelets are classified into two groups, according to their agonist response: aggregating and procoagulant platelets. Aggregating platelets consist of activated integrin αIIbβ3 and stretch out pseudopods to further attract platelets to the site of injury by connecting with fibrinogen. They mainly gather in the core of the thrombus and perform a secretory function, such as releasing adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Procoagulant platelets promote the formation of thrombin and fibrin by interacting with coagulation factors and can thus be considered as the connector between primary and secondary hemostasis. In addition to their functions in blood coagulation, procoagulant platelets play a proinflammatory role by releasing platelet microparticles and inorganic polyphosphate. Considering these important functions of procoagulant platelets, this subpopulation warrants detailed study to analyze their potential in preventing human diseases. This review summarizes the generation and important characteristics of procoagulant platelets, as well as their potential for preventing the adverse effects associated with current antiplatelet therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Chu
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han Guo
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuncong Zhang
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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20
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Roh JW, Hwang GE, Kim WK, Nam JH. Ca 2+ Sensitivity of Anoctamin 6/TMEM16F Is Regulated by the Putative Ca 2+-Binding Reservoir at the N-Terminal Domain. Mol Cells 2021; 44:88-100. [PMID: 33658434 PMCID: PMC7941003 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin 6/TMEM16F (ANO6) is a dual-function protein with Ca2+-activated ion channel and Ca2+-activated phospholipid scramblase activities, requiring a high intracellular Ca2+ concentration (e.g., half-maximal effective Ca2+ concentration [EC50] of [Ca2+]i > 10 μM), and strong and sustained depolarization above 0 mV. Structural comparison with Anoctamin 1/TMEM16A (ANO1), a canonical Ca2+- activated chloride channel exhibiting higher Ca2+ sensitivity (EC50 of 1 μM) than ANO6, suggested that a homologous Ca2+-transferring site in the N-terminal domain (Nt) might be responsible for the differential Ca2+ sensitivity and kinetics of activation between ANO6 and ANO1. To elucidate the role of the putative Ca2+-transferring reservoir in the Nt (Nt-CaRes), we constructed an ANO6-1-6 chimera in which Nt-CaRes was replaced with the corresponding domain of ANO1. ANO6- 1-6 showed higher sensitivity to Ca2+ than ANO6. However, neither the speed of activation nor the voltage-dependence differed between ANO6 and ANO6-1-6. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed a reduced Ca2+ interaction with Nt- CaRes in ANO6 than ANO6-1-6. Moreover, mutations on potentially Ca2+-interacting acidic amino acids in ANO6 Nt- CaRes resulted in reduced Ca2+ sensitivity, implying direct interactions of Ca2+ with these residues. Based on these results, we cautiously suggest that the net charge of Nt- CaRes is responsible for the difference in Ca2+ sensitivity between ANO1 and ANO6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Roh
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Ga Eun Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang 10326, Korea
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21
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Kalev-Zylinska ML, Morel-Kopp MC, Ward CM, Hearn JI, Hamilton JR, Bogdanova AY. Ionotropic glutamate receptors in platelets: opposing effects and a unifying hypothesis. Platelets 2020; 32:998-1008. [PMID: 33284715 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1852542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors include α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR), kainate receptors (KAR), and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR). All function as cation channels; AMPAR and KAR are more permeable to sodium and NMDAR to calcium ions. Compared to the brain, receptor assemblies in platelets are unusual, suggesting distinctive functionalities.There is convincing evidence that AMPAR and KAR amplify platelet function and thrombus formation in vitro and in vivo. Transgenic mice lacking GluA1 and GluK2 (AMPAR and KAR subunits, respectively) have longer bleeding times and prolonged time to thrombosis in an arterial model. In humans, rs465566 KAR gene polymorphism associates with altered in vitro platelet responses suggesting enhanced aspirin effect. The NMDAR contribution to platelet function is less well defined. NMDA at low concentrations (≤10 μM) inhibits platelet aggregation and high concentrations (≥100 μM) have no effect. However, open NMDAR channel blockers interfere with platelet activation and aggregation induced by other agonists in vitro; anti-GluN1 antibodies interfere with thrombus formation under high shear rates ex vivo; and rats vaccinated with GluN1 develop iron deficiency anemia suggestive of mild chronic bleeding. In this review, we summarize data on glutamate receptors in platelets and propose a unifying model that reconciles some of the opposing effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie L Kalev-Zylinska
- Blood and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, LabPlus Haematology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marie-Christine Morel-Kopp
- Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher M Ward
- Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - James I Hearn
- Blood and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin R Hamilton
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna Y Bogdanova
- Red Blood Cell Research Group, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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22
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Jongen MSA, MacArthur BD, Englyst NA, West J. Single platelet variability governs population sensitivity and initiates intrinsic heterotypic responses. Commun Biol 2020; 3:281. [PMID: 32499608 PMCID: PMC7272428 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations into the nature of platelet functional variety and consequences for homeostasis require new methods for resolving single platelet phenotypes. Here we combine droplet microfluidics with flow cytometry for high throughput single platelet function analysis. A large-scale sensitivity continuum was shown to be a general feature of human platelets from individual donors, with hypersensitive platelets coordinating significant sensitivity gains in bulk platelet populations and shown to direct aggregation in droplet-confined minimal platelet systems. Sensitivity gains scaled with agonist potency (convulxin > TRAP-14>ADP) and reduced the collagen and thrombin activation threshold required for platelet population polarization into pro-aggregatory and pro-coagulant states. The heterotypic platelet response results from an intrinsic behavioural program. The method and findings invite future discoveries into the nature of hypersensitive platelets and how community effects produce population level responses in health and disease. Maaike S. A. Jongen et al. combine droplet microfluidics with flow cytometry to resolve single platelet responses to agonists. They demonstrate that hyperactive platelets enhance the platelet population response by paracrine signaling as a function of agonist potency and heterotypic responses result from an intrinsic behavioural program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike S A Jongen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ben D MacArthur
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Nicola A Englyst
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jonathan West
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. .,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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23
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Aliotta A, Bertaggia Calderara D, Alberio L. Flow Cytometric Monitoring of Dynamic Cytosolic Calcium, Sodium, and Potassium Fluxes Following Platelet Activation. Cytometry A 2020; 97:933-944. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Aliotta
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Debora Bertaggia Calderara
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Alberio
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL) Lausanne Switzerland
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24
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Agbani EO, Zhao X, Williams CM, Aungraheeta R, Hers I, Swenson ER, Poole AW. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors suppress platelet procoagulant responses and in vivo thrombosis. Platelets 2020; 31:853-859. [PMID: 31893963 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1709632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors have a long history of safe clinical use as mild diuretics, in the treatment of glaucoma and for altitude sickness prevention. In this study, we aimed to determine if CA inhibition may be an alternative approach to control thrombosis. We utilized a high-resolution dynamic imaging approach to provide mechanistic evidence that CA inhibitors may be potent anti-procoagulant agents in vitro and effective anti-thrombotics in vivo. Acetazolamide and methazolamide, while sparing platelet secretion, attenuated intracellular chloride ion entry and suppressed the procoagulant response of activated platelets in vitro and thrombosis in vivo. The chemically similar N-methyl acetazolamide, which lacks CA inhibitory activity, did not affect platelet procoagulant response in vitro. Outputs from rotational thromboelastometry did not reflect changes in procoagulant activity and reveal the need for a suitable clinical test for procoagulant activity. Drugs specifically targeting procoagulant remodeling of activated platelets, by blockade of carbonic anhydrases, may provide a new way to control platelet-driven thrombosis without blocking essential platelet secretion responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaife O Agbani
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Vascular Basic Science, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta , Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK
| | - Christopher M Williams
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK
| | - Riyaad Aungraheeta
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK
| | - Ingeborg Hers
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK
| | - Erik R Swenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Medical Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK
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25
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Lin H, Jun I, Woo JH, Lee MG, Kim SJ, Nam JH. Temperature-dependent increase in the calcium sensitivity and acceleration of activation of ANO6 chloride channel variants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6706. [PMID: 31040335 PMCID: PMC6491614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin-6 (ANO6) belongs to a family of calcium (Ca2+)-activated chloride channels (CaCCs), with three splicing variants (V1, V2, and V5) showing plasma membrane expression. Unlike other CaCCs, ANO6 requires a non-physiological intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i > 1 μM) and several minutes for full activation under a whole-cell patch clamp. Therefore, its physiological role as an ion channel is uncertain and it is more commonly considered a Ca2+-dependent phospholipid scramblase. Here, we demonstrate that physiological temperature (37 °C) increases ANO6 Ca2+ sensitivity under a whole-cell patch clamp; V1 was activated by 1 μM [Ca2+]i, whereas V2 and V5 were activated by 300 nM [Ca2+]i. Increasing the temperature to 42 °C led to activation of all ANO6 variants by 100 nM [Ca2+]i. The delay time for activation of the three variants was significantly shortened at 37 °C. Notably, the temperature-dependent Ca2+-sensitisation of ANO6 became insignificant under inside-out patch clamp, suggesting critical roles of unknown cytosolic factors. Unlike channel activity, 27 °C but not 37 °C (physiological temperature) induced the scramblase activity of ANO6 at submicromolar [Ca2+]i (300 nM), irrespective of variant type. Our results reveal a physiological ion conducting property of ANO6 at 37 °C and suggest that ANO6 channel function acts separately from its scramblase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Lin
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikhyun Jun
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Han Woo
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea.
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Taylor KA, Mahaut-Smith MP. A major interspecies difference in the ionic selectivity of megakaryocyte Ca 2+-activated channels sensitive to the TMEM16F inhibitor CaCCinh-A01. Platelets 2019; 30:962-966. [PMID: 31008669 PMCID: PMC6816474 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1595560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TMEM16F is a surface membrane protein critical for platelet procoagulant activity, which exhibits both phospholipid scramblase and ion channel activities following sustained elevation of cytosolic Ca2+. The extent to which the ionic permeability of TMEM16F is important for platelet scramblase responses remains controversial. To date, only one study has reported the electrophysiological properties of TMEM16F in cells of platelet/megakaryocyte lineage, which observed cation-selectivity within excised patch recordings from murine marrow-derived megakaryocytes. This contrasts with reports using whole-cell recordings that describe this channel as displaying either selectivity for anions or being relatively non-selective amongst the major physiological monovalent ions. We have studied TMEM16F expression and channel activity in primary rat and mouse megakaryocytes and the human erythroleukemic (HEL) cell line that exhibits megakaryocytic surface markers. Immunocytochemical analysis was consistent with surface TMEM16F expression in cells from all three species. Whole-cell recordings in the absence of K+-selective currents revealed an outwardly rectifying conductance activated by a high intracellular Ca2+ concentration in all three species. These currents appeared after 5-6 minutes and were blocked by CaCCinh-A01, properties typical of TMEM16F. Ion substitution experiments showed that the underlying conductance was predominantly Cl--permeable in rat megakaryocytes and HEL cells, yet non-selective between monovalent anions and cations in mouse megakaryocytes. In conclusion, the present study further highlights the difference in ionic selectivity of TMEM16F in platelet lineage cells of the mouse compared to other mammalian species. This provides additional support for the ionic "leak" hypothesis that the scramblase activity of TMEM16F does not rely upon its ability to conduct ions of a specific type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk A. Taylor
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Cardio-respiratory Section, Imperial College London, London, UK
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27
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Reddy EC, Wang H, Christensen H, McMillan‐Ward E, Israels SJ, Bang KWA, Rand ML. Analysis of procoagulant phosphatidylserine-exposing platelets by imaging flow cytometry. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:736-750. [PMID: 30349893 PMCID: PMC6178738 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upon platelet activation, a subpopulation of procoagulant platelets is formed, characterized by the exposure of the anionic aminophospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface membrane. OBJECTIVE To evaluate procoagulant PS-exposing platelets by imaging flow cytometry. METHODS Platelet ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy, and a comprehensive analysis of procoagulant platelets was performed using imaging flow cytometry; platelets were fluorescently labeled for the markers glycoprotein (GP)IX, activated integrin αIIbβ3, CD62P, and PS exposure. RESULTS A subpopulation of platelets stimulated in suspension by the physiological agonists thrombin+collagen, and all platelets stimulated by the calcium ionophore A23187, had a distinct round morphology. These platelets were PS-exposing, larger in size, had an increased circularity index, and had reduced internal complexity compared with non-PS-exposing platelets. They expressed CD62P and αIIbβ3 in an inactive conformation on the surface, and demonstrated depolarized inner mitochondrial membranes. For the first time, using imaging flow cytometry, a large proportion of PS-exposing platelets possessing platelet-associated extracellular vesicles (EVs) was observed, which demonstrated heterogeneous platelet marker expression that was different from free released EVs. CONCLUSIONS Innovative imaging flow cytometry allowed detailed fluorescence-based, quantitative morphometric analysis of PS-exposing platelets; in becoming procoagulant, platelets undergo remarkable morphological changes, transforming into spherical "balloons," almost devoid of their normal internal architecture. Almost all PS-exposing platelets have associated EVs that are not detectable by traditional flow cytometry. While their functions have yet to be fully elucidated, the heterogeneity of platelet-associated and released EVs suggests that they may contribute to different aspects of hemostasis and of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Reddy
- Translational MedicineResearch InstituteThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
| | - Hong Wang
- Translational MedicineResearch InstituteThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
| | - Hilary Christensen
- Translational MedicineResearch InstituteThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
| | | | - Sara J. Israels
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - K. W. Annie Bang
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health SystemTorontoCanada
| | - Margaret L. Rand
- Translational MedicineResearch InstituteThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
- Division of Haematology/OncologyThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Biochemistry, and PaediatricsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
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28
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Wei H, Malcor JDM, Harper MT. Lipid rafts are essential for release of phosphatidylserine-exposing extracellular vesicles from platelets. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9987. [PMID: 29968812 PMCID: PMC6030044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets protect the vascular system during damage or inflammation, but platelet activation can result in pathological thrombosis. Activated platelets release a variety of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs shed from the plasma membrane often expose phosphatidylserine (PS). These EVs are pro-thrombotic and increased in number in many cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The mechanisms by which PS-exposing EVs are shed from activated platelets are not well characterised. Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts provide a platform for coordinating signalling through receptors and Ca2+ channels in platelets. We show that cholesterol depletion with methyl-β-cyclodextrin or sequestration with filipin prevented the Ca2+-triggered release of PS-exposing EVs. Although calpain activity was required for release of PS-exposing, calpain-dependent cleavage of talin was not affected by cholesterol depletion. P2Y12 and TPα, receptors for ADP and thromboxane A2, respectively, have been reported to be in platelet lipid rafts. However, the P2Y12 antagonist, AR-C69931MX, or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, aspirin, had no effect on A23187-induced release of PS-exposing EVs. Together, these data show that lipid rafts are required for release of PS-exposing EVs from platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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29
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Agbani EO, Williams CM, Li Y, van den Bosch MT, Moore SF, Mauroux A, Hodgson L, Verkman AS, Hers I, Poole AW. Aquaporin-1 regulates platelet procoagulant membrane dynamics and in vivo thrombosis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99062. [PMID: 29769447 PMCID: PMC6012506 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to collagen stimulation, platelets use a coordinated system of fluid entry to undergo membrane ballooning, procoagulant spreading, and microvesiculation. We hypothesized that water entry was mediated by the water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and aimed to determine its role in the platelet procoagulant response and thrombosis. We established that human and mouse platelets express AQP1 and localize to internal tubular membrane structures. However, deletion of AQP1 had minimal effects on collagen-induced platelet granule secretion, aggregation, or membrane ballooning. Conversely, procoagulant spreading, microvesiculation, phosphatidylserine exposure, and clot formation time were significantly diminished. Furthermore, in vivo thrombus formation after FeCl3 injury to carotid arteries was also markedly suppressed in AQP1-null mice, but hemostasis after tail bleeding remained normal. The mechanism involves an AQP1-mediated rapid membrane stretching during procoagulant spreading but not ballooning, leading to calcium entry through mechanosensitive cation channels and a full procoagulant response. We conclude that AQP1 is a major regulator of the platelet procoagulant response, able to modulate coagulation after injury or pathologic stimuli without affecting other platelet functional responses or normal hemostasis. Clinically effective AQP1 inhibitors may therefore represent a novel class of antiprocoagulant antithrombotics. AQP1 controls platelet procoagulant response and modulates coagulation after injury or pathologic stimuli without affecting other platelet functional responses or normal hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaife O Agbani
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher M Williams
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yong Li
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marion Tj van den Bosch
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha F Moore
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Adele Mauroux
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna Hodgson
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alan S Verkman
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ingeborg Hers
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
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30
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Boisseau P, Bene MC, Besnard T, Pachchek S, Giraud M, Talarmain P, Robillard N, Gourlaouen MA, Bezieau S, Fouassier M. A new mutation of ANO6 in two familial cases of Scott syndrome. Br J Haematol 2018; 180:750-752. [PMID: 27879994 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Boisseau
- Service de Génétique médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie C Bene
- Service d'Hématologie biologique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Besnard
- Service de Génétique médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Mathilde Giraud
- Service de Génétique médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Nelly Robillard
- Service d'Hématologie biologique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Marc Fouassier
- Service d'Hématologie biologique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre de Traitement de l'Hémophilie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
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31
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Procoagulant platelets: generation, function, and therapeutic targeting in thrombosis. Blood 2017; 130:2171-2179. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-787259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Current understanding of how platelets localize coagulation to wound sites has come mainly from studies of a subpopulation of activated platelets. In this review, we summarize data from the last 4 decades that have described these platelets with a range of descriptive titles and attributes. We identify striking overlaps in the reported characteristics of these platelets, which imply a single subpopulation of versatile platelets and thus suggest that their commonality requires unification of their description. We therefore propose the term procoagulant platelet as the unifying terminology. We discuss the agonist requirements and molecular drivers for the dramatic morphological transformation platelets undergo when becoming procoagulant. Finally, we provide perspectives on the biomarker potential of procoagulant platelets for thrombotic events as well as on the possible clinical benefits of inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase enzymes and the water channel Aquaporin-1 for targeting this subpopulation of platelets as antiprocoagulant antithrombotics.
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32
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Li S, Zou R, Tu Y, Wu J, Landry MP. Cholesterol-directed nanoparticle assemblies based on single amino acid peptide mutations activate cellular uptake and decrease tumor volume. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7552-7559. [PMID: 29163910 PMCID: PMC5676250 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02616a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide drugs have been difficult to translate into effective therapies due to their low in vivo stability. Here, we report a strategy to develop peptide-based therapeutic nanoparticles by screening a peptide library differing by single-site amino acid mutations of lysine-modified cholesterol. Certain cholesterol-modified peptides are found to promote and stabilize peptide α-helix formation, resulting in selectively cell-permeable peptides. One cholesterol-modified peptide self-assembles into stable nanoparticles with considerable α-helix propensity stabilized by intermolecular van der Waals interactions between inter-peptide cholesterol molecules, and shows 68.3% stability after incubation with serum for 16 h. The nanoparticles in turn interact with cell membrane cholesterols that are disproportionately present in cancer cell membranes, inducing lipid raft-mediated endocytosis and cancer cell death. Our results introduce a strategy to identify peptide nanoparticles that can effectively reduce tumor volumes when administered to in in vivo mice models. Our results also provide a simple platform for developing peptide-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
| | - Rongfeng Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China . .,Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology , School of Biotechnology , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10691 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Yaoquan Tu
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology , School of Biotechnology , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10691 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Junchen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China . .,Department of Chemical and Bio-molecular Engineering , University of California Berkeley , 476 Stanley Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Markita P Landry
- Department of Chemical and Bio-molecular Engineering , University of California Berkeley , 476 Stanley Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA . .,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (qb3) , University of California-Berkeley , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA
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33
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Taylor KA, Wilson DGS, Harper MT, Pugh N. Extracellular chloride is required for efficient platelet aggregation. Platelets 2017; 29:79-83. [PMID: 28727479 PMCID: PMC5796487 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1332367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Anion channels perform a diverse range of functions and have been implicated in ATP release, volume regulation, and phosphatidylserine exposure. Platelets have been shown to express several anion channels but their function is incompletely understood. Due to a paucity of specific pharmacological blockers, we investigated the effect of extracellular chloride substitution on platelet activation using aggregometry and flow cytometry. In the absence of extracellular chloride, we observed a modest reduction of the maximum aggregation response to thrombin or collagen-related peptide. However, the rate of aggregation was substantially reduced in a manner that was dependent on the extracellular chloride concentration and aggregation in the absence of chloride was noticeably biphasic, indicative of impaired secondary signaling. This was further investigated by targeting secondary agonists with aspirin and apyrase or by blockade of the ADP receptor P2Y12. Under these conditions, the rates of aggregation were comparable to those recorded in the absence of extracellular chloride. Finally, we assessed platelet granule release by flow cytometry and report a chloride-dependent element of alpha, but not dense, granule secretion. Taken together these data support a role for anion channels in the efficient induction of platelet activation, likely via enhancement of secondary signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk A Taylor
- a Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences , Anglia Ruskin University , Cambridge , UK
| | - Darren G S Wilson
- a Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences , Anglia Ruskin University , Cambridge , UK
| | - Matthew T Harper
- b Department of Pharmacology , Cambridge University , Cambridge , UK
| | - Nicholas Pugh
- a Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences , Anglia Ruskin University , Cambridge , UK
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34
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Wright JR, Amisten S, Goodall AH, Mahaut-Smith MP. Transcriptomic analysis of the ion channelome of human platelets and megakaryocytic cell lines. Thromb Haemost 2016; 116:272-84. [PMID: 27277069 PMCID: PMC5080539 DOI: 10.1160/th15-11-0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels have crucial roles in all cell types and represent important therapeutic targets. Approximately 20 ion channels have been reported in human platelets; however, no systematic study has been undertaken to define the platelet channelome. These membrane proteins need only be expressed at low copy number to influence function and may not be detected using proteomic or transcriptomic microarray approaches. In our recent work, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) provided key evidence that Kv1.3 is responsible for the voltage-dependent K+ conductance of platelets and megakaryocytes. The present study has expanded this approach to assess relative expression of 402 ion channels and channel regulatory genes in human platelets and three megakaryoblastic/erythroleukaemic cell lines. mRNA levels in platelets are low compared to other blood cells, therefore an improved method of isolating platelets was developed. This used a cocktail of inhibitors to prevent formation of leukocyte-platelet aggregates, and a combination of positive and negative immunomagnetic cell separation, followed by rapid extraction of mRNA. Expression of 34 channel-related transcripts was quantified in platelets, including 24 with unknown roles in platelet function, but that were detected at levels comparable to ion channels with established roles in haemostasis or thrombosis. Trace expression of a further 50 ion channel genes was also detected. More extensive channelomes were detected in MEG-01, CHRF-288-11 and HEL cells (195, 185 and 197 transcripts, respectively), but lacked several channels observed in the platelet. These "channelome" datasets provide an important resource for further studies of ion channel function in the platelet and megakaryocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martyn P Mahaut-Smith
- Prof. Martyn Mahaut-Smith, PhD, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, LEI 7RH, UK, Tel.: +44 116 229 7135, E-mail:
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Bevers EM, Williamson PL. Getting to the Outer Leaflet: Physiology of Phosphatidylserine Exposure at the Plasma Membrane. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:605-45. [PMID: 26936867 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a major component of membrane bilayers whose change in distribution between inner and outer leaflets is an important physiological signal. Normally, members of the type IV P-type ATPases spend metabolic energy to create an asymmetric distribution of phospholipids between the two leaflets, with PS confined to the cytoplasmic membrane leaflet. On occasion, membrane enzymes, known as scramblases, are activated to facilitate transbilayer migration of lipids, including PS. Recently, two proteins required for such randomization have been identified: TMEM16F, a scramblase regulated by elevated intracellular Ca(2+), and XKR8, a caspase-sensitive protein required for PS exposure in apoptotic cells. Once exposed at the cell surface, PS regulates biochemical reactions involved in blood coagulation, and bone mineralization, and also regulates a variety of cell-cell interactions. Exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells, PS controls their recognition and engulfment by other cells. This process is exploited by parasites to invade their host, and in specialized form is used to maintain photoreceptors in the eye and modify synaptic connections in the brain. This review discusses what is known about the mechanism of PS exposure at the surface of the plasma membrane of cells, how actors in the extracellular milieu sense surface exposed PS, and how this recognition is translated to downstream consequences of PS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard M Bevers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick L Williamson
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
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Modulating Ca²⁺ signals: a common theme for TMEM16, Ist2, and TMC. Pflugers Arch 2015; 468:475-90. [PMID: 26700940 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of TMEM16A (anoctamin 1, ANO1) as Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel, the protein was found to serve different physiological functions, depending on the type of tissue. Subsequent reports on other members of the anoctamin family demonstrated a broad range of yet poorly understood properties. Compromised anoctamin function is causing a wide range of diseases, such as hearing loss (ANO2), bleeding disorder (ANO6), ataxia and dystonia (ANO3, 10), persistent borrelia and mycobacteria infection (ANO10), skeletal syndromes like gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia and limb girdle muscle dystrophy (ANO5), and cancer (ANO1, 6, 7). Animal models demonstrate CF-like airway disease, asthma, and intestinal hyposecretion (ANO1). Although present data indicate that ANO1 is a Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel, it remains unclear whether all anoctamins form plasma membrane-localized or intracellular chloride channels. We find Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) currents appearing by expression of most anoctamin paralogs, including the Nectria haematococca homologue nhTMEM16 and the yeast homologue Ist2. As recent studies show a role of anoctamins, Ist2, and the related transmembrane channel-like (TMC) proteins for intracellular Ca(2+) signaling, we will discuss the role of these proteins in generating compartmentalized Ca(2+) signals, which may give a hint as to the broad range of cellular functions of anoctamins.
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Kim HJ, Jun I, Yoon JS, Jung J, Kim YK, Kim WK, Kim BJ, Song J, Kim SJ, Nam JH, Lee MG. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors facilitate ANO6 (TMEM16F) current activation and phosphatidylserine exposure. Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:2243-56. [PMID: 25630304 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anoctamin 6 (ANO6) is a member of the recently identified TMEM16/anoctamin protein family comprising Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels that generate outward-rectifying ionic currents in response to intracellular Ca(2+) increase. ANO6 is also essential for Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid scrambling required for blood coagulation. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)--fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine-that are used for the treatment of major depressive disorders can increase the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding after chronic treatment. However, at the earlier stage of intake, which is 1-7 days after the treatment, the possibility of blood coagulation might also increase, but transiently. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether therapeutic SSRI concentrations affected the Cl(-) current or phospholipid scrambling activity of ANO6 by assessing ANO6 currents (I ANO6), phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, and platelet aggregation. In the whole-cell patch mode, SSRIs facilitated Ca(2+)-dependent activation of IANO6 in ANO6-transfected cells, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the delay of IANO6 generation. On the other hand, in the inside-out patch clamp configuration, SSRIs showed an inhibitory effect on ANO6 currents, suggesting that SSRIs activate ANO6 via an indirect mechanism in intact cells. SSRIs also facilitated Ca(2+)-dependent PS exposure and α-thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. These results indicate that SSRIs at clinically relevant concentrations promote Ca(2+)-dependent activation of ANO6, which may have potential clinical implications such as the underlying mechanism of SSRI-induced adverse drug reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Kyungju, 780-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikhyun Jun
- Department of Pharmacology, BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seok Yoon
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jinsei Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Kyu Kim
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Kyungju, 780-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Kim
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang, 410-773, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang, 410-773, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongro-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Kyungju, 780-714, Republic of Korea.
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang, 410-773, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
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Gasperi V, Avigliano L, Evangelista D, Oddi S, Chiurchiù V, Lanuti M, Maccarrone M, Valeria Catani M. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol enhances platelet formation from human megakaryoblasts. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3938-47. [PMID: 25427281 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.982941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets modulate vascular system integrity, and their loss is critical in haematological pathologies and after chemotherapy. Therefore, identification of molecules enhancing platelet production would be useful to counteract thrombocytopenia. We have previously shown that 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) acts as a true agonist of platelets, as well as it commits erythroid precursors toward the megakaryocytic lineage. Against this background, we sought to further interrogate the role of 2-AG in megakaryocyte/platelet physiology by investigating terminal differentiation, and subsequent thrombopoiesis. To this end, we used MEG-01 cells, a human megakaryoblastic cell line able to produce in vitro platelet-like particles. 2-AG increased the number of cells showing ruffled surface and enhanced surface expression of specific megakaryocyte/platelet surface antigens, typical hallmarks of terminal megakaryocytic differentiation and platelet production. Changes in cytoskeleton modeling also occurred in differentiated megakaryocytes and blebbing platelets. 2-AG acted by binding to CB1 and CB2 receptors, because specific antagonists reverted its effect. Platelets were split off from megakaryocytes and were functional: they contained the platelet-specific surface markers CD61 and CD49, whose levels increased following stimulation with a natural agonist like collagen. Given the importance of 2-AG for driving megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis, not surprisingly we found that its hydrolytic enzymes were tightly controlled by classical inducers of megakaryocyte differentiation. In conclusion 2-AG, by triggering megakaryocyte maturation and platelet release, may have clinical efficacy to counteract thrombocytopenia-related diseases.
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Key Words
- 2-AG, 2-arachidonoylglycerol
- AEA, anandamide
- APC, allophycocyanin
- CB1, type-1 cannabinoid receptor
- CB2, type-2 cannabinoid receptor
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- DAGL, diacylglycerol lipase
- Differentiation
- FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- HEL, human erythroleukemia
- MAGL, monoacylglycerol lipase
- PE, phycoerythrin
- TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
- cluster of differentiation
- cytoskeleton
- eCB, endocannabinoid
- endocannabinoid system
- haematopoietic cells
- megakaryocytes
- platelets
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gasperi
- a Department of Experimental Medicine & Surgery ; University of Rome Tor Vergata ; Rome , Italy
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Blair TA, Moore SF, Hers I. Circulating primers enhance platelet function and induce resistance to antiplatelet therapy. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1479-93. [PMID: 26039631 PMCID: PMC4599128 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin and P2Y12 antagonists are antiplatelet compounds that are used clinically in patients with thrombosis. However, some patients are 'resistant' to antiplatelet therapy, which increases their risk of developing acute coronary syndromes. These patients often present with an underlying condition that is associated with altered levels of circulating platelet primers and platelet hyperactivity. Platelet primers cannot stimulate platelet activation, but, in combination with physiologic stimuli, significantly enhance platelet function. OBJECTIVES To explore the role of platelet primers in resistance to antiplatelet therapy, and to evaluate whether phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) contributes to this process. METHODS AND RESULTS We used platelet aggregation, thromboxane A2 production and ex vivo thrombus formation as functional readouts of platelet activity. Platelets were treated with the potent P2Y12 inhibitor AR-C66096, aspirin, or a combination of both, in the presence or absence of the platelet primers insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and thrombopoietin (TPO), or the Gz-coupled receptor ligand epinephrine. We found that platelet primers largely overcame the inhibitory effects of antiplatelet compounds on platelet functional responses. IGF-1-mediated and TPO-mediated, but not epinephrine-mediated, enhancements in the presence of antiplatelet drugs were blocked by the PI3K inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that platelet primers can contribute to antiplatelet resistance. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that there are PI3K-dependent and PI3K-independent mechanisms driving primer-mediated resistance to antiplatelet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Blair
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S F Moore
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - I Hers
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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40
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Yu K, Whitlock JM, Lee K, Ortlund EA, Yuan Cui Y, Hartzell HC. Identification of a lipid scrambling domain in ANO6/TMEM16F. eLife 2015; 4:e06901. [PMID: 26057829 PMCID: PMC4477620 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid scrambling (PLS) is a ubiquitous cellular mechanism involving the regulated bidirectional transport of phospholipids down their concentration gradient between membrane leaflets. ANO6/TMEM16F has been shown to be essential for Ca(2+)-dependent PLS, but controversy surrounds whether ANO6 is a phospholipid scramblase or an ion channel like other ANO/TMEM16 family members. Combining patch clamp recording with measurement of PLS, we show that ANO6 elicits robust Ca(2+)-dependent PLS coinciding with ionic currents that are explained by ionic leak during phospholipid translocation. By analyzing ANO1-ANO6 chimeric proteins, we identify a domain in ANO6 necessary for PLS and sufficient to confer this function on ANO1, which normally does not scramble. Homology modeling shows that the scramblase domain forms an unusual hydrophilic cleft that faces the lipid bilayer and may function to facilitate translocation of phospholipid between membrane leaflets. These findings provide a mechanistic framework for understanding PLS and how ANO6 functions in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuai Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Jarred M Whitlock
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Kyleen Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Yuan Yuan Cui
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - H Criss Hartzell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
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Ousingsawat J, Wanitchakool P, Schreiber R, Wuelling M, Vortkamp A, Kunzelmann K. Anoctamin-6 controls bone mineralization by activating the calcium transporter NCX1. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6270-80. [PMID: 25589784 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin-6 (Ano6, TMEM16F) belongs to a family of putative Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels and operates as membrane phospholipid scramblase. Deletion of Ano6 leads to reduced skeleton size, skeletal deformities, and mineralization defects in mice. However, it remains entirely unclear how a lack of Ano6 leads to a delay in bone mineralization by osteoblasts. The Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger NCX1 was found to interact with Ano6 in a two-hybrid split-ubiquitin screen. Using human osteoblasts and osteoblasts from Ano6(-/-) and WT mice, we demonstrate that NCX1 requires Ano6 to efficiently translocate Ca(2+) out of osteoblasts into the calcifying bone matrix. Ca(2+)-activated anion currents are missing in primary osteoblasts isolated from Ano6 null mice. Our findings demonstrate the importance of NCX1 for bone mineralization and explain why deletion of an ion channel leads to the observed mineralization defect: Ano6 Cl(-) currents are probably required to operate as a Cl(-) bypass channel, thereby compensating net Na(+) charge movement by NCX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- From the Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg and
| | | | - Rainer Schreiber
- From the Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg and
| | - Manuela Wuelling
- the Department Entwicklungsbiologie, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Vortkamp
- the Department Entwicklungsbiologie, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- From the Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg and
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42
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TMEM16 proteins: unknown structure and confusing functions. J Mol Biol 2014; 427:94-105. [PMID: 25451786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The TMEM16 family of membrane proteins, also known as anoctamins, plays key roles in a variety of physiological functions that range from ion transport to phospholipid scrambling and to regulating other ion channels. The first two family members to be functionally characterized, TMEM16A (ANO1) and TMEM16B (ANO2), form Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels and are important for transepithelial ion transport, olfaction, phototransduction, smooth muscle contraction, nociception, cell proliferation and control of neuronal excitability. The roles of other family members, such as TMEM16C (ANO3), TMEM16D (ANO4), TMEM16F (ANO6), TMEM16G (ANO7) and TMEM16J (ANO9), remain poorly understood and controversial. These homologues were reported to be phospholipid scramblases, ion channels, to have both functions or to be regulatory subunits of other channels. Mutations in TMEM16F cause Scott syndrome, a bleeding disorder caused by impaired Ca(2+)-dependent externalization of phosphatidylserine in activated platelets, suggesting that this homologue might be a scramblase. However, overexpression of TMEM16F has also been associated with a remarkable number of different ion channel types, raising the possibility that this protein might be involved in both ion and lipid transports. The recent identification of an ancestral TMEM16 homologue with intrinsic channel and scramblase activities supports this hypothesis. Thus, the TMEM16 family might have diverged in two or three different subclasses, channels, scramblases and dual-function channel/scramblases. The structural bases and functional implication of such a functional diversity within a single protein family remain to be elucidated and the links between TMEM16 functions and human physiology and pathologies need to be investigated.
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Walsh TG, Harper MT, Poole AW. SDF-1α is a novel autocrine activator of platelets operating through its receptor CXCR4. Cell Signal 2014; 27:37-46. [PMID: 25283599 PMCID: PMC4265729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelets store and secrete the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α upon platelet activation, but the ability of platelet-derived SDF-1α to signal in an autocrine/paracrine manner mediating functional platelet responses relevant to thrombosis and haemostasis is unknown. We sought to explore the role of platelet-derived SDF-1α and its receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7 in facilitating platelet activation and determine the mechanism facilitating SDF-1α-mediated regulation of platelet function. Using human washed platelets, CXCR4 inhibition, but not CXCR7 blockade significantly abrogated collagen-mediated platelet aggregation, dense granule secretion and thromboxane (Tx) A2 production. Time-dependent release of SDF-1α from collagen-activated platelets supports a functional role for SDF-1α in this regard. Using an in vitro whole blood perfusion assay, collagen-induced thrombus formation was substantially reduced with CXCR4 inhibition. In washed platelets, recombinant SDF-1α in the range of 20–100 ng/mL− 1 could significantly enhance platelet aggregation responses to a threshold concentration of collagen. These enhancements were completely dependent on CXCR4, but not CXCR7, which triggered TxA2 production and dense granule secretion. Rises in cAMP were significantly blunted by SDF-1α, which could also enhance collagen-mediated Ca(2 +) mobilisation, both of which were mediated by CXCR4. This potentiating effect of SDF-1α primarily required TxA2 signalling acting upstream of dense granule secretion, whereas blockade of ADP signalling could only partially attenuate SDF-1α-induced platelet activation. Therefore, this study supports a potentially novel autocrine/paracrine role for platelet-derived SDF-1α during thrombosis and haemostasis, through a predominantly TxA2-dependent and ADP-independent pathway. Collagen-induced platelet aggregation, TxA2 production and dense granule secretion require CXCR4 signalling. CXCR4 regulates platelet thrombus formation. SDF-1α-induced changes in cAMP and Ca(2 +) signalling require CXCR4. SDF-1α, via CXCR4, enhances platelet activation responses to collagen, primarily through a TxA2-dependent and ADP-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony G Walsh
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew T Harper
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
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Menter DG, Tucker SC, Kopetz S, Sood AK, Crissman JD, Honn KV. Platelets and cancer: a casual or causal relationship: revisited. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014; 33:231-69. [PMID: 24696047 PMCID: PMC4186918 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human platelets arise as subcellular fragments of megakaryocytes in bone marrow. The physiologic demand, presence of disease such as cancer, or drug effects can regulate the production circulating platelets. Platelet biology is essential to hemostasis, vascular integrity, angiogenesis, inflammation, innate immunity, wound healing, and cancer biology. The most critical biological platelet response is serving as "First Responders" during the wounding process. The exposure of extracellular matrix proteins and intracellular components occurs after wounding. Numerous platelet receptors recognize matrix proteins that trigger platelet activation, adhesion, aggregation, and stabilization. Once activated, platelets change shape and degranulate to release growth factors and bioactive lipids into the blood stream. This cyclic process recruits and aggregates platelets along with thrombogenesis. This process facilitates wound closure or can recognize circulating pathologic bodies. Cancer cell entry into the blood stream triggers platelet-mediated recognition and is amplified by cell surface receptors, cellular products, extracellular factors, and immune cells. In some cases, these interactions suppress immune recognition and elimination of cancer cells or promote arrest at the endothelium, or entrapment in the microvasculature, and survival. This supports survival and spread of cancer cells and the establishment of secondary lesions to serve as important targets for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
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