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Tomruk C, Şirin Tomruk C, Denizlioğlu B, Olukman M, Ercan G, Duman S, Köse T, Çetin Uyanıkgil EÖ, Uyanıkgil Y, Uysal A. Effects of apelin on neonatal brain neurogenesis in L-NAME-induced maternal preeclampsia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19347. [PMID: 39164321 PMCID: PMC11335761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of apelin, which is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, on changes in neurogenesis in newborns of pregnant rats with L-NAME-induced preeclampsia. Wistar albino female rats were divided into four experimental groups: Control, Apelin, Preeclampsia and Preeclampsia + Apelin. Blood pressure was measured on the 5th, 11th and 17th days of gestation, urine protein was analyzed from urine samples collected for 24 h on the 6th, 12th and 18th days and serum creatinine was analyzed from serum samples. Maternal kidney and placenta tissues were obtained to establish the preeclampsia model, and neonatal brain tissues including the cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum regions were obtained to investigate neurogenesis and examined by histological and immunohistochemical methods. The number of newborns, body weight and brain weight of the newborns were measured. eNOS, IL-10, nNOS and NO levels in the brain analyzed via ELISA. Mean arterial pressure, urine protein and serum creatinine increased in the preeclampsia. Newborn weight decreased in the Preeclampsia group, the values in the Preeclampsia + Apelin group were closer to the Control and Apelin groups. In the Preeclampsia group, edema and dilatation in the proximal and distal tubules of kidneys, perivillous fibrin deposition and increase in syncytial nodules of placenta were observed. VEGF immunoreactivity decreased and iNOS immunoreactivity increased in both kidney and placenta. In neonatal brain tissue examinations, cytotoxic edema accompanied by thinning of cortex, delayed migration and lower cell counts in the hippocampus, and increase in intercellular spaces and EGL thickening in the cerebellum were observed in the preeclampsia. Expression of NeuN, GFAP, MBP, IL-10, eNOS, nNOS and NO levels decreased, whereas expression of Iba-1 increased in the preeclampsia. In the Preeclampsia + Apelin group, these findings were similar to the Control and Apelin groups. Apelin administration was found to be beneficial for preventing the adverse consequences of preeclampsia, but further experimental and clinical studies are needed to better understand these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canberk Tomruk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
- Histology and Embryology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, İlkadim, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Cansın Şirin Tomruk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Burcu Denizlioğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
- Emergency Medicine, Aydın State Hospital, Efeler, Aydın, Türkiye
| | - Murat Olukman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Gülinnaz Ercan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Soner Duman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Timur Köse
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Emel Öykü Çetin Uyanıkgil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Yiğit Uyanıkgil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye.
| | - Ayşegül Uysal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
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Salvail W, Salvail D, Chagnon F, Lesur O. Apelin-13 administration allows for norepinephrine sparing in a rat model of cecal ligation and puncture-induced septic shock. Intensive Care Med Exp 2024; 12:68. [PMID: 39103658 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-024-00650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infusion of exogenous catecholamines (i.e., norepinephrine [NE] and dobutamine) is a recommended treatment for septic shock with myocardial dysfunction. However, sustained catecholamine infusion is linked to cardiac toxicity and impaired responsiveness. Several pre-clinical and clinical studies have investigated the use of alternative vasopressors in the treatment of septic shock, with limited benefits and generally no effect on mortality. Apelin-13 (APL-13) is an endogenous positive inotrope and vasoactive peptide and has been demonstrated cardioprotective with vasomodulator and sparing life effects in animal models of septic shock. A primary objective of this study was to evaluate the NE-sparing effect of APL-13 infusion in an experimental sepsis-induced hypotension. METHODS For this goal, sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in male rats and the arterial blood pressure (BP) monitored continuously via a carotid catheter. Monitoring, fluid resuscitation and experimental treatments were performed on conscious animals. Based on pilot assays, normal saline fluid resuscitation (2.5 mL/Kg/h) was initiated 3 h post-CLP and maintained up to the endpoint. Thus, titrated doses of NE, with or without fixed-doses of APL-13 or the apelin receptor antagonist F13A co-infusion were started when 20% decrease of systolic BP (SBP) from baseline was achieved, to restore SBP values ≥ 115 ± 1.5 mmHg (baseline average ± SEM). RESULTS A reduction in mean NE dose was observed with APL-13 but not F13A co-infusion at pre-determined treatment time of 4.5 ± 0.5 h (17.37 ± 1.74 µg/Kg/h [APL-13] vs. 25.64 ± 2.61 µg/Kg/h [Control NE] vs. 28.60 ± 4.79 µg/Kg/min [F13A], P = 0.0491). A 60% decrease in NE infusion rate over time was observed with APL-13 co-infusion, (p = 0.008 vs NE alone), while F13A co-infusion increased the NE infusion rate over time by 218% (p = 0.003 vs NE + APL-13). Associated improvements in cardiac function are likely mediated by (i) enhanced left ventricular end-diastolic volume (0.18 ± 0.02 mL [Control NE] vs. 0.30 ± 0.03 mL [APL-13], P = 0.0051), stroke volume (0.11 ± 0.01 mL [Control NE] vs. 0.21 ± 0.01 mL [APL-13], P < 0.001) and cardiac output (67.57 ± 8.63 mL/min [Control NE] vs. 112.20 ± 8.53 mL/min [APL-13], P = 0.0036), and (ii) a reduced effective arterial elastance (920.6 ± 81.4 mmHg/mL/min [Control NE] vs. 497.633.44 mmHg/mL/min. [APL-13], P = 0.0002). APL-13 administration was also associated with a decrease in lactate levels compared to animals only receiving NE (7.08 ± 0.40 [Control NE] vs. 4.78 ± 0.60 [APL-13], P < 0.01). CONCLUSION APL-13 exhibits NE-sparing benefits in the treatment of sepsis-induced shock, potentially reducing deleterious effects of prolonged exogenous catecholamine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Salvail
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHU Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- IPS Therapeutique Inc., Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Frédéric Chagnon
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHU Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Lesur
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHU Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Département de Soins Intensifs et Service de PneumologieCHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12th Avenue Nord, SherbrookeSherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
- Département de Médecine, CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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Wang W, Li Y, Zhu F, Huang Y. STAT3-induced upregulation of lncRNA TTN-AS1 aggravates podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy by promoting oxidative stress. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae079. [PMID: 38828128 PMCID: PMC11142850 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), being the second cause of end-stage renal disease globally. Podocyte injury is closely associated with DN developmen. Our study aimed to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) TTN-AS1 in DN-associated podocyte injury. Methods The mouse podocyte cell line (MPC5) and human primary podocytes were stimulated by high glucose (HG; 30 nM glucose) to establish the cellular model of DN. Before HG stimulation, both podocytes were transfected with sh-TTN-AS1#1/2 or pcDNA3.1/STAT3 to evaluate the influence of TTN-AS1 knockdown or STAT3 overexpression on HG-induced podocyte injury. TTN-AS1 and STAT3 expression in both podocytes was examined by RT-qPCR. Cell viability and death were assessed by CCK-8 and LDH release assay. ELISA was adopted for testing IL-6 and TNF-α contents in cell supernatants. The levels of oxidative stress markers (ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH) in cell supernatants were determined by commercial kits. Western blotting was used for measuring the expression of fibrosis markers (fibronectin and α-SMA and podocyte function markers (podocin and nephrin) in podocytes. Results HG stimulation led to decreased cell viability, increased cell death, fibrosis, inflammation, cell dysfunction and oxidative stress in podocytes. However, knockdown of TTN-AS1 ameliorated HG-induced podocyte injury. Mechanically, the transcription factor STAT3 interacted with TTN-AS1 promoter and upregulated TTN-AS1 expression. STAT3 overexpression offset the protective effect of TTN-AS1 silencing on HG-induced podocyte damage. Conclusion Overall, STAT3-mediated upregulation of lncRNA TTN-AS1 could exacerbate podocyte injury in DN through suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26, Shengli Street, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China
| | - Yongxia Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26, Shengli Street, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26, Shengli Street, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China
| | - Yunfang Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26, Shengli Street, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China
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Hossein A, Firouzeh G, Zeinab K, Gholamreza D. Quercetin prevents kidney against diabetes mellitus (type 1) in rats by inhibiting TGF-β/apelin gene expression. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:677. [PMID: 38796641 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main causes of diabetic nephropathy is oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia. Apelin inhibits insulin secretion. Besides, renal expression of TGF-β is increased in diabetes mellitus (DM). The preventive effect of quercetin (Q) against renal functional disorders and tissue damage developed by DM in rats was assessed. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were grouped into normal control (NC), normal + quercetin (NQ: quercetin, 50 mg/kg/day by gavage), diabetic control (DC: streptozotocin, 65 mg/kg, i.p.), diabetic + quercetin pretreatment (D + Qpre), and diabetic + quercetin post-treatment (D + Qpost). All samples (24-hour urine, plasma, pancreatic, and renal tissues) were obtained at the terminal of the experiment. RESULTS Compared to NC and NQ groups, DM ended in elevated plasma and glucose levels, decreased plasma insulin level, kidney dysfunction, augmented levels of malondialdehyde, decreased level of reduced glutathione, reduced enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, elevated gene expression levels of apelin and TGF-β, also renal and pancreatic histological damages. Quercetin administration diminished entire the changes. However, the measure of improvement in the D + Qpre group was higher than that of the D + Qpost group. CONCLUSION Quercetin prevents renal dysfunction induced by DM, which might be related to the diminution of lipid peroxidation, strengthening of antioxidant systems, and prevention of the apelin/ TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Hossein
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Karimi Zeinab
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Daryabor Gholamreza
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Wang Q, Liu X, Zhai A, Xu H, Ma S, Liu Y. Expression of apelin‑13 and its negative correlation with TGF‑β1 in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:110. [PMID: 38361517 PMCID: PMC10867729 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes, one key feature of which includes renal fibrosis. As apelin is an adipokine closely related to diabetes, the present study aimed to evaluate apelin-13 expression levels and the relationship between apelin-13 and disease indicators in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The present case-control study enrolled 70 patients with diabetes, including 31 with diabetic kidney disease (DKD group), 39 without DKD (non-DKD group) and 30 healthy controls. The levels of serum apelin-13 and TGF-β1, the key driver of renal fibrosis, were determined by ELISA. Additionally, age, mean disease duration, weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, urea nitrogen, blood creatinine and 24-hour urinary total protein (24-h UTP) were recorded. The results demonstrated that apelin-13 and TGF-β1 expression levels, age, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly higher in patients with diabetes compared with the healthy controls (P<0.05). Moreover, apelin-13 and TGF-β1 expression levels, mean disease duration, systolic pressure, blood creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and 24-h UTP were significantly higher in the DKD group compared with the non-DKD group (P<0.05). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was significantly reduced in the DKD group compared with the non-DKD group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between apelin-13 and eGFR expression and a positive correlation between apelin-13 expression and 24-h UTP in both the DKD and non-DKD groups (P<0.05). A negative correlation was also demonstrated between apelin-13 and TGF-β1 expression levels in the DKD group and non-DKD groups (both P<0.05). In conclusion, apelin-13 and TGF-β1 expression levels were significantly higher in the DKD group compared with those in the non-DKD group. Additionally, apelin-13 expression was negatively correlated with TGF-β1 expression in the DKD and non-DKD groups. Therefore, apelin-13 could potentially be used in the future as an indicator of renal fibrosis or destruction in patients with DKD. The present trial was retrospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (trial registration no. ChiCTR2200060945) on 14.06.2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Xujing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Shizhan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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Li Y, Fang Y, Liu J. Downregulation of TRPC6 regulates ERK1/2 to prevent sublytic C5b‑9 complement complex‑induced podocyte injury through activating autophagy. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:576. [PMID: 38023364 PMCID: PMC10652242 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is a common glomerular disease, in which 50-60% of patients can progress to end-stage renal disease within 10-20 years, seriously endangering human health. Podocyte injury is the direct cause of IMN. Sublytic C5b-9 complement complex induces damage in podocytes' structure and function. In sublytic C5b-9 treated podocytes, the expression of canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) is increased. However, the specific mechanism of TRPC6 in sublytic C5b-9 treated podocytes is unclear. The present study aimed to reveal the effect and mechanism of TRPC6 on sublytic C5b-9-induced podocytes. Normal human serum was stimulated using zymosan to form C5b-9. A lactate dehydrogenase release assay was used to examine C5b-9 cytotoxicity in podocytes. The RNA and protein expression levels were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescent assay, respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry were carried out to test the viability and apoptosis of podocytes, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe autophagic vacuole. F-actin was tested through phalloidin staining. Sublytic C5b-9 was deposited and TRPC6 expression was boosted in podocytes stimulated through zymosan activation serum. Knockdown of TRPC6 raised the viability and reduced the apoptosis rate of sublytic C5b-9-induced podocytes. Meanwhile, transfection of small-interfering (si)TRPC6 facilitated autophagy progression and enhanced the activation of cathepsin B/L in sublytic C5b-9-induced podocytes. The phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 was receded in siTRPC6 and sublytic C5b-9 co-treated podocytes. Moreover, the addition of the ERK1/2 activator partially reversed the effect of TRPC6 inhibition on sublytic C5b-9-induced podocytes. TRPC6 knockdown reduced the damage of sublytic C5b-9 to podocytes by weakening the ERK1/2 phosphorylation level to activate autophagy. These results indicated that targeting TRPC6 reduced the injury of sublytic C5b-9 on podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262550, P.R. China
| | - Youfu Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262550, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262550, P.R. China
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Li X, Liu Z, He Z, Wang X, Li R, Wang J, Ma G, Zhang P, Ma C. Acteoside protects podocyte against apoptosis through regulating AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway in db/db mice. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:230. [PMID: 37872577 PMCID: PMC10591407 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocyte apoptosis is one of the important pathological mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Acteoside (Act), a major active component of Rehmannia glutinosa leaves total glycoside, has a strong renoprotective action. Our study aims to demonstrate Act's renoprotective actions in db/db mice. METHODS We adopted C57BLKS/J db/db mice as DKD animal models. After 8 weeks of Act administration, the 24-hour urine albumin, renal function index, and blood lipid levels were quantified using matching kits. Renal pathology was evaluated by HE and PAS staining. The podocyte damage and apoptosis-related signaling pathway were observed by using immunohistochemistry, western blot, and TUNEL staining. RESULTS The albuminuria of db/db mice was reduced from 391 ug/24 h to 152 ug/24 h, and renal pathology changes were alleviated after Act administration. The western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that Act treatment upregulated the synaptopodin and podocin expression compared with db/db mice, while the TUNEL staining indicated podocyte apoptosis was inhibited. The B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) level was upregulated in the Act group, but cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) expression declined, while the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (AKT/GSK-3β) signaling pathway was repressed. CONCLUSIONS By inhibiting the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway, Act protected podocytes from apoptosis, decreasing the urine albumin of db/db mice and delaying the course of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- The Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Zhixiu He
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaocheng Wang
- Department of Medical Record & Statistics, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- The Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Guiqiao Ma
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- The Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chanjuan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
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Fu J, Wu C, Xu G, Zhang J, Chen J, Chen C, Hong H, Xue P, Jiang J, Huang J, Ji C, Cui Z. Protective effect of TNIP2 on the inflammatory response of microglia after spinal cord injury in rats. Neuropeptides 2023; 101:102351. [PMID: 37329819 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease that can lead to tissue loss and neurological dysfunction. TNIP2 is a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling due to its capacity to bind A20 and suppress inflammatory cytokines-induced NF-κB activation. However, the anti-inflammatory role of TNIP2 in SCI remains unclear. Our study's intention was to evaluate the effect of TNIP2 on the inflammatory response of microglia after spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS HE staining and Nissl staining were performed on day 3 following SCI to analyze the histological changes. To further investigate the functional changes of TNIP2 after SCI, we performed immunofluorescence staining experiments. The effect of LPS on TNIP2 expression in BV2 cells was examined by western blot. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in spinal cord tissues of rats with SCI and in BV2 cells with LPS were measured by using qPCR. RESULTS TNIP2 expression was closely associated with the pathophysiology of SCI in rats, and TNIP2 was involved in regulating functional changes in microglia. TNIP2 expression was increased during SCI in rats and that overexpression of TNIP2 inhibited M1 polarization and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in microglia, which might ultimately protect against inflammatory responses through the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence for a role of TNIP2 in the regulation of inflammation in SCI and suggests that induction of TNIP2 expression alleviated the inflammatory response of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Fu
- The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Restoration Mechanism and Clinical Translation of Spinal Cord Injury, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Research institute for Spine and spinal cord disease of Nantong University, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshuai Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Restoration Mechanism and Clinical Translation of Spinal Cord Injury, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Research institute for Spine and spinal cord disease of Nantong University, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Restoration Mechanism and Clinical Translation of Spinal Cord Injury, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Research institute for Spine and spinal cord disease of Nantong University, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Hong
- The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Xue
- The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Restoration Mechanism and Clinical Translation of Spinal Cord Injury, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Research institute for Spine and spinal cord disease of Nantong University, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Restoration Mechanism and Clinical Translation of Spinal Cord Injury, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Research institute for Spine and spinal cord disease of Nantong University, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Xu M, Feng R, Feng R, Yin X, Zhang L, Wang C, Liu J. Glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: is serum isthmin-1 level a possible link? BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:e003402. [PMID: 37640504 PMCID: PMC10462937 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Isthmin-1 (Ism-1) is a novel adipokine. However, little is known regarding the association between Ism-1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum Ism-1 levels and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with T2DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 209 patients with T2DM were recruited into this retrospective study. Clinical data were collected. Fasting blood samples were collected for serum Ism-1 testing using ELISA kits. Based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), participants were divided into the normal eGFR group (n=167) and the decreased eGFR group (n=42). The relationship between Ism-1 and eGFR was assessed using linear and binary logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to examine the predictive efficacy of Ism-1 for distinguishing patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. RESULTS Compared with patients with normal eGFR, serum Ism-1 levels were increased in patients with decreased eGFR (p<0.001). Serum Ism-1 levels were negatively correlated with eGFR in patients with T2DM even after multiple adjustments (p<0.001). For each 0.1 ng/mL increment of Ism-1, the odds of having an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 increased by 54.5% (OR=1.545; p<0.001) in patients with T2DM. ROC analysis showed that higher serum Ism-1 levels (>1.297 ng/mL) had predictive efficacy in patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, with an area under the curve of 0.908. CONCLUSIONS Serum Ism-1 levels were inversely associated with eGFR, and high Ism-1 levels may be used as a potential biomarker for predicting kidney function impairment in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo college of medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Ruiying Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo college of medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Ruoqi Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo college of medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo college of medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Control, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo college of medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo college of medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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Li S, Feng L, Li G, Liu R, Ma C, Wang L, Gao A, Liu C, Cui Y, Jiang Z, Xie Y, Wu Q, Wang X, Yang L, Qi Z, Shen Y. GSDME-dependent pyroptosis signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:156. [PMID: 37169767 PMCID: PMC10175547 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the serious chronic microvascular complications of diabetes, and leads to the increased morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Gasdermin E (GSDME)-dependent pyroptosis signaling pathway plays important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. However, its role and mechanism in DN are still unclear. In this study, we established a rat DN model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) successfully. Structural and functional disorders in the kidney were exhibited on the 12th week after STZ injection; the expressions of caspase-3 and GSDME at protein level in renal cortex were significantly up-regulated. At the 20th week, GSDME-N increased significantly, accompanied by the upregulation of caspase-1 in renal cortex and the release of mature IL-1β (mIL-1β) in serum. Furthermore, we found the protein levels of GSDME, caspase-3, caspase-1 and IL-1β were all increased in HK2 and HBZY-1 cells under high-glucose conditions. We also found that the expression of GSDME-N significantly decreased when caspase-3 was knockdown. In contrast, knockdown of GSDME has no effect on caspase-3. Interestingly, either caspase-3, caspase-1 or GSDME knockdown reduced the release of mIL-1β. Finally, injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9-shGSDME into the rat kidney reduced kidney damage and renal cell pyroptosis in comparison with wild-type diabetic rats. These results indicated that the activation of caspase-1 induced IL-1β maturation, and the activation of caspase-3 mediated cleavage of GSDME responsible for the formation of plasma membrane pore, followed by cytoplasmic release of mIL-1β. Overall, we identified a pro-pyroptosis role for GSDME in DN, which does provide an important basis for clinical therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, 300203, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Feng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangru Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiqing Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, 300203, Tianjin, China
| | - Changzhen Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, 300203, Tianjin, China
| | - Aijiao Gao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, 300203, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, 300203, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Cui
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, 300203, Tianjin, China
| | - Zecheng Jiang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhang Xie
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, 571199, Haikou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; key laboratory of birth defects and related diseases of women and children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of General Surgery in Construction, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhi Qi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, 571199, Haikou, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of General Surgery in Construction, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121, Tianjin, China.
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, 830092, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yanna Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, 300203, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, 571199, Haikou, China.
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Sehrawat A, Mishra J, Mastana SS, Navik U, Bhatti GK, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Dysregulated autophagy: A key player in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166666. [PMID: 36791919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is essential in regulating the turnover of macromolecules via removing damaged organelles, misfolded proteins in various tissues, including liver, skeletal muscles, and adipose tissue to maintain the cellular homeostasis. In these tissues, a specific type of autophagy maintains the accumulation of lipid droplets which is directly related to obesity and the development of insulin resistance. It appears to play a protective role in a normal physiological environment by eliminating the invading pathogens, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles and generating energy and new building blocks by recycling the cellular components. Ageing is also a crucial modulator of autophagy process. During stress conditions involving nutrient deficiency, lipids excess, hypoxia etc., autophagy serves as a pro-survival mechanism by recycling the free amino acids to maintain the synthesis of proteins. The dysregulated autophagy has been found in several ageing associated diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. So, targeting autophagy can be a promising therapeutic strategy against the progression to diabetes related complications. Our article provides a comprehensive outline of understanding of the autophagy process, including its types, mechanisms, regulation, and role in the pathophysiology of T2DM and related complications. We also explored the significance of autophagy in the homeostasis of β-cells, insulin resistance (IR), clearance of protein aggregates such as islet amyloid polypeptide, and various insulin-sensitive tissues. This will further pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sehrawat
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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The Interaction of Apelin and FGFR1 Ameliorated the Kidney Fibrosis through Suppression of TGF β-Induced Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:5012474. [PMID: 36785790 PMCID: PMC9922196 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5012474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal (EndMT) transitions have shown to contribute to the development and progression of kidney fibrosis. It has been reported that apelin, a regulatory peptide, alleviates EMT by inhibiting the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway in renal diseases. Additionally, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) has been shown to be a key inhibitor of EndMT through suppression of the TGFβ/Smad pathway. In this study, we found that apelin and FGFR1 were spatially close to each other and that the apelin and FGFR1 complex displayed inhibitory effects on TGFβ/Smad signaling as well as associated EndMT in diabetic kidney fibrosis. In cultured human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs), we found that the anti-EndMT and anti-TGFβ/Smad effects of apelin were dampened in FGFR1-deficient cells. Either siRNA- or an inhibitor-mediated deficiency of apelin induced the Smad3 phosphorylation and EndMT. Streptozotocin-induced CD-1 diabetic mice displayed EndMT and associated kidney fibrosis, which were restored by apelin treatment. The medium from apelin-deficient endothelial cells stimulated TGFβ/Smad-dependent EMT in cultured HK2 cells. In addition, depletion of apelin and the FGFR1 complex impaired CEBPA expression, and TGFβ-induced repression of CEBPA expression contributed to the initiation of EndMT in the endothelium. Collectively, these findings revealed that the interaction between apelin and FGFR1 displayed renoprotective potential through suppression of the TGFβ/Smad/CEBPA-mediated EndMT/EMT pathways.
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13
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İçen G, Dağlıoğlu G, Evran M. Evaluation of Apelin-13 levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:345-353. [PMID: 35925488 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is no clear information about the level of Apelin-13 in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we investigated whether there is a relationship between Apelin-13 level and the severity of the disease in patients with DN. METHODS In our case-control study, we included patients who applied to the endocrinology outpatient clinic in 2019. Patients without a history of diabetes were determined as the healthy group (group 1). The patients were divided into 4 groups according to their microalbumin and creatinine levels. Venous blood samples were obtained from all patients for routine laboratory parameters and Apelin-13 levels. Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) for insulin resistance was calculated using the formula: plasma glucose X insulin level/405. RESULTS Albumin was found to be significantly lower in group 5 (p = 0.032), hemoglobin A1c, microalbumin/creatinine and HOMA-IR values were found to be significantly lower in group 1 (p < 0.001 for each). Apelin-13 level was found to be significantly higher in group 4 and group 5 (p < 0.001). A negative correlation was found between Apelin-13 and GFR (r = - 0.286, p = 0.003). A positive correlation was found between Apelin-13 and HOMA-IR (r = 0.309, p = 0.009) and microalbumin/creatinine (r = 0.296, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In patients with DN, Apelin-13 level increases with the severity of the disease and can be used as a biomarker for staging of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze İçen
- Cukurova State Hospital Internal Medicine Department, 01000, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Gülçin Dağlıoğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Central Laboratory, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Evran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Cukurova University Medical Faculty, University of Cukurova, 01330, Adana, Turkey
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14
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Xu Y, Zhu H, Li W, Chen D, Xu Y, Xu A, Ye D. Targeting adipokines in polycystic ovary syndrome and related metabolic disorders: from experimental insights to clinical studies. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108284. [PMID: 36162728 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately 15% of women of reproductive age worldwide. It is the most prevalent endocrine disorder with marked risks for female infertility, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), psychiatric disorders and gynecological cancers. Although the pathophysiology of PCOS remains largely elusive, growing evidence suggests a close link with obesity and its related metabolic disorders. As a highly active endocrine cell population, hypertrophic adipocytes in obesity have disturbed production of a vast array of adipokines, biologically active peptides that exert pleiotropic effects on homeostatic regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. In parallel with their crucial roles in the pathophysiology of obesity-induced metabolic diseases, adipokines have recently been identified as promising targets for novel therapeutic strategies for multiple diseases. Current treatments for PCOS are suboptimal with insufficient alleviation of all symptoms. Novel findings in adipokine-targeted agents may provide important insight into the development of new drugs for PCOS. This Review presents an overview of the current understanding of mechanisms that link PCOS to obesity and highlights emerging evidence of adipose-ovary crosstalk as a pivotal mediator of PCOS pathogenesis. We summarize recent findings of preclinical and clinical studies that reveal the therapeutic potential of adipokine-targeted novel approaches to PCOS and its related metabolic disorders. We also discuss the critical gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed to guide the development of adipokine-based novel therapies for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqiu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danxia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Dewei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Zhang Z, Sun Y, Xue J, Jin D, Li X, Zhao D, Lian F, Qi W, Tong X. The critical role of dysregulated autophagy in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:977410. [PMID: 36091814 PMCID: PMC9453227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.977410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major public health problems in society today. It is a renal complication caused by diabetes mellitus with predominantly microangiopathy and is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Autophagy is a metabolic pathway for the intracellular degradation of cytoplasmic products and damaged organelles and plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and function of the renal cells. The dysregulation of autophagy in the hyperglycaemic state of diabetes mellitus can lead to the progression of DKD, and the activation or restoration of autophagy through drugs is beneficial to the recovery of renal function. This review summarizes the physiological process of autophagy, illustrates the close link between DKD and autophagy, and discusses the effects of drugs on autophagy and the signaling pathways involved from the perspective of podocytes, renal tubular epithelial cells, and mesangial cells, in the hope that this will be useful for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - De Jin
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
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Identification of circRNA/miRNA/mRNA regulatory network involving (+)-catechin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Modes of podocyte death in diabetic kidney disease: an update. J Nephrol 2022; 35:1571-1584. [PMID: 35201595 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) accounts for a large proportion of end-stage renal diseases that require renal replacement therapies including dialysis and transplantation. Therefore, it is critical to understand the occurrence and development of DKD. Podocytes are mainly injured during the development of DKD, ultimately leading to their extensive death and loss. In turn, the injury and death of glomerular podocytes are also the main culprits of DKD. This review introduces the characteristics of podocytes and summarizes the modes of their death in DKD, including apoptosis, autophagy, mitotic catastrophe (MC), anoikis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Apoptosis is characterized by nuclear condensation and the formation of apoptotic bodies, and it exerts a different effect from autophagy in mediating DKD-induced podocyte loss. MC mediates a faulty mitotic process while anoikis separates podocytes from the basement membrane. Moreover, pyroptosis activates inflammatory factors to aggravate podocyte injuries whilst necroptosis drives signaling cascades, such as receptor-interacting protein kinases 1 and 3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like, ultimately promoting the death of podocytes. In conclusion, a thorough knowledge of the modes of podocyte death in DKD can help us understand the development of DKD and lay the foundation for strategies in DKD disease therapy.
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Zhai Y, Li D, Wang Z, Shao L, Yin N, Li W. Cortex Mori Radicis attenuates streptozotocin-induced diabetic renal injury in mice via regulation of transient receptor potential canonical channel 6. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:862-873. [PMID: 35016601 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220110161458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cortex Mori Radicis (CMR) has been reported to possess anti-pyretic, anti-convulsant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of CMR on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic renal injury in mice and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS Mice were gavaged with different doses of CMR for continuous 7 days. Then, STZ (50 mg/kg) was applied to induce renal injury associated with type 1 diabetes. Firstly, blood glucose levels and metabolic parameters were evaluated, including weight, food intake, and excrement. HE and PAS staining were performed to present renal histological changes. Renal inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress were assayed by real time PCR and ELISA, separately. Additionally, podocyte-related markers, such as nephrin and wilms' tumor-1 (WT-1) were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot separately. Lastly, expression of transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 (TRPC6) and activation of MAPK signaling pathways were assayed. RESULTS CMR pretreatment significantly lowered the blood glucose levels, suppressed renal inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress, and relieved renal pathological injury, accompanying the inhibition of nephrin and WT-1 expression in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Moreover, CMR decreased the expression of TRPC6 and suppressed phosphorylation of ERK, but not P38 MAPK and JNK. Notably, the application of hyperforin, a specific activator of TRPC6, significantly abrogated the hypoglycemic effect of CMR and reversed the suppression of CMR on TRPC6 expression and ERK activation in the diabetic mice. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that CMR attenuated early renal injury in STZ-induced diabetic mice through inhibiting ERK signaling via regulation of TRPC6, which suggests that CMR can be considered as a promising candidate for the management of diabetes-related renal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, Liyuan Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Luyao Shao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Nina Yin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Liyuan Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
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19
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Li C, Cheng H, Adhikari BK, Wang S, Yang N, Liu W, Sun J, Wang Y. The Role of Apelin-APJ System in Diabetes and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:820002. [PMID: 35355561 PMCID: PMC8959308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.820002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, diabetes and obesity are two main health-threatening metabolic disorders in the world, which increase the risk for many chronic diseases. Apelin, a peptide hormone, exerts its effect by binding with angiotensin II protein J receptor (APJ) and is considered to be linked with diabetes and obesity. Apelin and its receptor are widely present in the body and are involved in many physiological processes, such as glucose and lipid metabolism, homeostasis, endocrine response to stress, and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize the literatures on the role of the Apelin-APJ system in diabetes and obesity for a better understanding of the mechanism and function of apelin and its receptor in the pathophysiology of diseases that may contribute to the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Binay Kumar Adhikari
- Department of Cardiology, Nepal Armed Police Force (APF) Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yonggang Wang,
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20
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Chapman FA, Nyimanu D, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP, Newby DE, Dhaun N. The therapeutic potential of apelin in kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:840-853. [PMID: 34389827 PMCID: PMC8361827 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality and is independently associated with cardiovascular disease. The mainstay of treatment for CKD is blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which reduces blood pressure and proteinuria and slows kidney function decline. Despite this treatment, many patients progress to kidney failure, which requires dialysis or kidney transplantation, and/or die as a result of cardiovascular disease. The apelin system is an endogenous physiological regulator that is emerging as a potential therapeutic target for many diseases. This system comprises the apelin receptor and its two families of endogenous ligands, apelin and elabela/toddler. Preclinical and clinical studies show that apelin receptor ligands are endothelium-dependent vasodilators and potent inotropes, and the apelin system has a reciprocal relationship with the RAAS. In preclinical studies, apelin regulates glomerular haemodynamics and acts on the tubule to promote aquaresis. In addition, apelin is protective in several kidney injury models. Although the apelin system has not yet been studied in patients with CKD, the available data suggest that apelin is a promising potential therapeutic target for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Chapman
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Duuamene Nyimanu
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janet J Maguire
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David E Newby
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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21
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Yiqi Huoxue Recipe Regulates Autophagy through Degradation of Advanced Glycation End Products via mTOR/S6K1/LC3 Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9942678. [PMID: 34408785 PMCID: PMC8367537 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9942678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Yiqi Huoxue recipe can delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy, but its treatment mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to explore the effects of Yiqi Huoxue recipe on autophagy in diabetic nephropathy and its underlying mechanism. Methods All rats were randomly divided into seven groups. The body weight, kidney weight, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, urine protein, urine microprotein, creatinine, urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and lipoprotein were analyzed. HE, Masson, and periodic acid-Schiff staining were used to detect the severity of pathological changes in kidneys. The level of advanced glycation end products was assessed by the ELISA. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to check the expressions of podocin and nephrin. The expression levels of mTOR/S6K1/LC3 pathway-related proteins and mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly elevated body weight and significantly decreased kidney weight and kidney index. Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly affected the levels of biochemical indicators in diabetic nephropathy and showed a regulatory effect on kidney damage and lipid metabolism disorders. ELISA showed that Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly reduced the level of advanced glycation end products. The expressions of nephrin and podocin increased significantly, depending on the dosage of Yiqi Huoxue recipe. Additionally, Yiqi Huoxue recipe regulated the expression levels of p-AKT, mTOR, S6K1, and LC3. Conclusion Yiqi Huoxue recipe regulates podocyte autophagy to promote the degradation of advanced glycation end products through mTOR/S6K1/LC3 pathway. It has a certain guiding significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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22
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Leierer J, Perco P, Hofer B, Eder S, Dzien A, Kerschbaum J, Rudnicki M, Mayer G. Coregulation Analysis of Mechanistic Biomarkers in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6885. [PMID: 34206927 PMCID: PMC8269435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disorder leading to deterioration of kidney function and end stage kidney disease (ESKD). A number of molecular processes are dysregulated in ADPKD but the exact mechanism of disease progression is not fully understood. We measured protein biomarkers being linked to ADPKD-associated molecular processes via ELISA in urine and serum in a cohort of ADPKD patients as well as age, gender and eGFR matched CKD patients and healthy controls. ANOVA and t-tests were used to determine differences between cohorts. Spearman correlation coefficient analysis was performed to assess coregulation patterns of individual biomarkers and renal function. Urinary epidermal growth factor (EGF) and serum apelin (APLN) levels were significantly downregulated in ADPKD patients. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor alpha (VEGFA) and urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) were significantly upregulated in ADPKD patients as compared with healthy controls. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) was significantly upregulated in ADPKD patients as compared with CKD patients. Serum VEGFA and VIM concentrations were positively correlated and urinary EGF levels were negatively correlated with urinary AGT levels. Urinary EGF and AGT levels were furthermore significantly associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in ADPKD patients. In summary, altered protein concentrations in body fluids of ADPKD patients were found for the mechanistic markers EGF, APLN, VEGFA, AGT, AVP, and VIM. In particular, the connection between EGF and AGT during progression of ADPKD warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Leierer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.L.); (B.H.); (S.E.); (J.K.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Paul Perco
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.L.); (B.H.); (S.E.); (J.K.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Benedikt Hofer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.L.); (B.H.); (S.E.); (J.K.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Susanne Eder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.L.); (B.H.); (S.E.); (J.K.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | | | - Julia Kerschbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.L.); (B.H.); (S.E.); (J.K.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Michael Rudnicki
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.L.); (B.H.); (S.E.); (J.K.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Gert Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.L.); (B.H.); (S.E.); (J.K.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
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23
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Apelin/APJ signaling activates autophagy to promote human lung adenocarcinoma cell migration. Life Sci 2021; 281:119763. [PMID: 34186050 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Beclin1(BECN1) is known as an autophagy-related protein and the expression is promoted by apelin in lung adenocarcinoma cells, suggesting that apelin activates autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma. However, the functions of apelin-induced autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis and deterioration are still unknown. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of apelin-induced autophagy on lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis and deterioration. MAIN METHODS Protein expression of exogenous genes were detected by Western blotting analysis. Lung adenocarcinoma cell migration was assessed with cell migration assays. Autophagy was measured with quantification of GFP-LC3 or RFP-GFP-LC3 puncta using fluorescence microscopy in cells by an observed blinded to experimental condition and by western blot analysis of LC3 and p62 in cell lysates as well as autophagy flux. Immunofluorescence staining was performed in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells with p-cofilin antibody. The proteins expression in cancer specimens were examined with immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS Here, we reveal that apelin induces autophagy activation in lung adenocarcinoma. Apelin/APJ regulates BECN1 transcription via HIF1A. Apelin/APJ-activated autophagy promotes lung adenocarcinoma cell migration. Moreover, treatment with autophagy inhibitors significantly decreases apelin/APJ-induced lung adenocarcinoma cell migration. Evaluation of patient samples of lung adenocarcinoma reveals an association between APJ with BECN1 expression and a poor prognosis. SIGNIFICANCE Our studies demonstrate that apelin-induced autophagy promotes lung adenocarcinoma cell migration which suggests a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.
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24
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Das M, Annie L, Derkach KV, Shpakov AO, Gurusubramanian G, Roy VK. Expression and localization of apelin and its receptor in the testes of diabetic mice and its possible role in steroidogenesis. Cytokine 2021; 144:155554. [PMID: 33962842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder with severe hyperglycemia, one of the complications of which is testicular dysfunctions, androgen deficiency and decreased male fertility. In the diabetic testes, the expression and signaling pathways of leptin and a number of other adipokines are significantly changed. However, there is no information on the localization and expression of adipokine, apelin and its receptor (APJ) in the diabetic testes, although there is information on the involvement of apelin in the regulation of reproductive functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and localization of apelin and APJ in the testes of mice with streptozotocin-induced T1DM and to estimate the effects of agonist (apelin-13) and antagonist (ML221) of APJ on the testosterone production by diabetic testis explants in the in vitro conditions. We first detected the expression of apelin and its receptor in the mouse testes, and showed an increased intratesticular expression of apelin and APJ along with the reduced testosterone secretion in T1DM. Using imunohistochemical approach, we showed that apelin and APJ are localized in the Leydig and germ cells, and in diabetes, the amount of these proteins was significantly higher than in the control mice. The diabetic testes had a decrease in germ cell proliferation (the reduced PCNA and GCNA levels) and an increase in apoptosis (the increased active caspase-3 and decreased BCL2 levels). These results suggest an involvement of apelin and APJ in T1DM-induced testicular pathogenesis. Treatment of the cultured testis explants with ML221 significantly increased the testosterone secretion, whereas apelin-13 was ineffective. Thus, hyperapelinemia in the testes can significantly contribute to testicular pathogenesis in T1DM, and pharmacological inhibition of apelin receptors can improve testicular steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milirani Das
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796 004, India
| | | | - Kira V Derkach
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander O Shpakov
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796 004, India.
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25
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Zhang Q, Hu Y, Hu JE, Ding Y, Shen Y, Xu H, Chen H, Wu N. Sp1-mediated upregulation of Prdx6 expression prevents podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy via mitigation of oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Life Sci 2021; 278:119529. [PMID: 33894270 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular podocyte damage is considered to be one of the main mechanisms leading to Diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the relevant mechanism of podocyte injury is not yet clear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) on the pathogenesis of podocyte injury induced by high glucose (HG). The mouse glomerular podocyte MPC5 was stimulated with 30 nM glucose, and the Prdx6 overexpression vector or specificity protein 1 (Sp1) overexpression vector was transfected into MPC5 cells before the high glucose stimulation. As results, HG treatment significantly reduced the expression of Prdx6 and Sp1 in MPC5 cells. Prdx6 overexpression increased cell viability, while inhibited podocyte death, inflammation and podocyte destruction in HG-induced MPC5 cells. Prdx6 overexpression inhibited HG-induced ROS and MDA production, while restored SOD and GSH activity in MPC5 cells. Prdx6 overexpression also eliminated ferroptosis caused by HG, which was reflected in the suppression of iron accumulation and the increase in SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression. The improvement effect of Prdx6 on HG-induced podocyte damage could be eliminated by erastin. Moreover, Sp1 could bind to the three Sp1 response elements in the Prdx6 promoter, thereby directly regulating the transcriptional activation of Prdx6 in podocytes. Silencing Sp1 could eliminate the effect of Prdx6 on HG-induced podocyte damage. Further, Prdx6 overexpression attenuated renal injuries in streptozotocin-induced DN mice. Sp1-mediated upregulation of Prdx6 expression prevents podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy via mitigation of oxidative stress and ferroptosis, which may provide new insights for the study of the mechanism of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang People's Hospital, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China.
| | - Yichuan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang People's Hospital, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jin-E Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang People's Hospital, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang People's Hospital, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yanqiu Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang People's Hospital, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang People's Hospital, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang People's Hospital, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang People's Hospital, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
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26
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Hamza RZ, Diab AAA, Zahra MH, Asalah AK, Attia MS, Moursi SM. Ameliorative effect of apelin-13 against renal complications in L-NAME-induced preeclampsia in rats. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11110. [PMID: 33850656 PMCID: PMC8019317 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) accompanying acute liver and kidney injury has remained a master cause of both fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity. Vasoactive mediators, oxidative stress and inflammatory imbalanceshave an important role in PE pathogenesis. Apelin is an adipokine that improves endothelial dysfunction; has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; moreover, its level reduced during PE. This study aimed to explore the effects of apelin-13 administration on preeclampsia-associated renal dysfunction and proteinuria. Thirty-three pregnant female rats were divided into three groups; group: 1 (normal pregnant rats), group: 2 (preeclamptic rats); where rats were injected subcutaneously with 75 mg L-NAME/ kg body weight/day beginning from 9th to 20th day of pregnancy andgroup 3 (apelin-13 treated preeclamptic rats); In which L-NAME-induced preeclamptic rats were subcutaneously injected with 6 × 10-8 mol apelin-13/kg body weight/twice daily starting from 6th to 20th day of pregnancy. In all groups, mean arterial blood pressure, total urine protein, serum urea, creatinine, nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and malondialdhyde (MDA) were measured. Histopathological examination of kidney tissues was also done. preeclamptic rats showed significantly increased mean arterial blood pressure, total urine proteins, serum urea, creatinine, ET-1, IL-6, and MDA, but revealed a significantly decreased serum NO level. On the other hand, apelin treatment significantly improved these parameters together with amelioration of kidney histoarchitecture in the treated group. In conclusion, apelin may be a potentially curative candidate for prohibiting kidney damage and have a therapeutic benefit in PE rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Z Hamza
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Aziz A Diab
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mansour H Zahra
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali K Asalah
- Medical Physiology Department - Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mai S Attia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Suzan Mm Moursi
- Medical Physiology Department - Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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27
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Yan Z, Chen Y, Zhang X, Hua L, Huang L. Neuroprotective Function of TNFAIP3 Interacting Protein 2 Against Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Injury in Hippocampal Neuronal HT22 Cells Through Regulation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:2219-2227. [PMID: 34267521 PMCID: PMC8275230 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s308360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced protein 3-interacting protein 2 (TNIP2) has been well demonstrated to act as a principal contributor to the development of inflammatory diseases; however, the role of TNIP2 in cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury has never been studied. METHODS Gene expression was examined by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The functional role of TNIP2 in oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced neuronal injury was evaluated using cell counting kit-8, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dutp nick end labeling assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Commercial kits were applied to evaluate the activity of NF-kappa-B (NF-κB) and caspase-3, as well as the release of lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH). RESULTS TNIP2 expression was substantially declined in HT22 cells following OGD/R stimulation. TNIP2 overexpression attenuated ODG/R-induced inflammation in HT22 cells, as evidenced by reduced levels of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and increased levels of IL-10. TNIP2 overexpression also reduced activity of NF-κB under ODG/R condition. Meanwhile, OGD/R treatment caused a reduction of cell viability and an elevation of cell apoptosis in HT22 cells, as indicated by the increase in LDH and caspase-3 activity. Whereas, OGD/R-induced HT22 cell injury was mitigated by TNIP2 overexpression in HT22 cells. Besides, we found the involvement of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/NF-κB pathway in the neuroprotective effect of TNIP2 on OGD/R-induced HT22 cell damage. CONCLUSION TNIP2 overexpression mitigates OGD/R-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis. Moreover, TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway participates in the protective effect of TNIP2 on OGD/R-induced neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Yan
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifa Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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28
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Gui Y, Dai C. mTOR Signaling in Kidney Diseases. KIDNEY360 2020; 1:1319-1327. [PMID: 35372878 PMCID: PMC8815517 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0003782020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is crucial in regulating cell growth, metabolism, proliferation, and survival. Under physiologic conditions, mTOR signaling maintains podocyte and tubular cell homeostasis. In AKI, activation of mTOR signaling in tubular cells and interstitial fibroblasts promotes renal regeneration and repair. However, constitutive activation of mTOR signaling in kidneys results in the initiation and progression of glomerular hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, polycystic kidney disease, and renal cell carcinoma. Here, we summarize the recent studies about mTOR signaling in renal physiology and injury, and discuss the possibility of its use as a therapeutic target for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gui
- Department of Nephrology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Center for Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Ginsenoside Rg1 Alleviates Podocyte Injury Induced by Hyperlipidemia via Targeting the mTOR/NF- κB/NLRP3 Axis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2735714. [PMID: 33133213 PMCID: PMC7568787 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2735714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Podocyte injury plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). The aim of this study was to determine the potential therapeutic effects of the ginsenoside Rg1 on hyperlipidemia-stressed podocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods In vitro and in vivo models of DN were established as previously described, and the expression levels of relevant markers were analyzed by Western blotting, real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Results Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviated pyroptosis in podocytes cultured under hyperlipidemic conditions, as well as in the renal tissues of diabetic rats, and downregulated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/NF-κB pathway. In addition, Rg1 also inhibited hyperlipidemia-induced NLRP3 inflammasome in the podocytes, which was abrogated by the mTOR activator L-leucine (LEU). The antipyroptotic effects of Rg1 manifested as improved renal function in the DN rats. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg1 protects podocytes from hyperlipidemia-induced damage by inhibiting pyroptosis through the mTOR/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis, indicating a potential therapeutic function in DN.
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Nie Y, Fu C, Zhang H, Zhang M, Xie H, Tong X, Li Y, Hou Z, Fan X, Yan M. Celastrol slows the progression of early diabetic nephropathy in rats via the PI3K/AKT pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:321. [PMID: 33097050 PMCID: PMC7583204 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy serves as one of the most regular microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and is the main factor that causes end-stage renal disease and incident mortality. As the beneficial effect and minute adverse influence of Celastrol on the renal system requires further elucidation, the renoprotective function of Celastrol in early diabetic nephropathy was investigated. Methods In high-fat and high-glucose diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats which is the early diabetic nephropathy model, ALT, AST, 24 h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine content were observed. Periodic acid-Schiff staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemical analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis were used to explore the renoprotective effect of Celastrol to diabetic nephropathy rats and the underlying mechanism. Results High dose of Celastrol (1.5 mg/kg/d) not only improved the kidney function of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats, and decreased the blood glucose and 24 h urinary albumin, but also increased the expression of LC3II and nephrin, and downregulated the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, and the mRNA level of NF-κB and mTOR. Conclusion Celastrol functions as a potential therapeutic substance, acting via the PI3K/AKT pathway to attenuate renal injury, inhibit glomerular basement membrane thickening, and achieve podocyte homeostasis in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.,Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengxiao Fu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.,First clinical medical college, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaopei Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenyan Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xinrong Fan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China. .,First clinical medical college, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China. .,Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Guo J, Zheng HJ, Zhang W, Lou W, Xia C, Han XT, Huang WJ, Zhang F, Wang Y, Liu WJ. Accelerated Kidney Aging in Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1234059. [PMID: 32774664 PMCID: PMC7407029 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1234059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With aging, the kidney undergoes inexorable and progressive changes in structural and functional performance. These aging-related alterations are more obvious and serious in diabetes mellitus (DM). Renal accelerated aging under DM conditions is associated with multiple stresses such as accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The main hallmarks of cellular senescence in diabetic kidneys include cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, telomere shortening, and diabetic nephropathy-associated secretory phenotype. Lysosome-dependent autophagy and antiaging proteins Klotho and Sirt1 play a fundamental role in the accelerated aging of kidneys in DM, among which the autophagy-lysosome system is the convergent mechanism of the multiple antiaging pathways involved in renal aging under DM conditions. Metformin and the inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 are recommended due to their antiaging effects independent of antihyperglycemia, besides angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers. Additionally, diet intervention including low protein and low AGEs with antioxidants are suggested for patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, their long-term benefits still need further study. Exploring the interactive relationships among antiaging protein Klotho, Sirt1, and autophagy-lysosome system may provide insight into better satisfying the urgent medical needs of elderly patients with aging-related DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hui Juan Zheng
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wenjiao Lou
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chenhui Xia
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xue Ting Han
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Jun Huang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yaoxian Wang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Nephrology, and Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, No. 57th South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
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SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin and DPP4 Inhibitor Linagliptin Reactivate Glomerular Autophagy in db/db Mice, a Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082987. [PMID: 32340263 PMCID: PMC7215949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data have indicated the emerging role of glomerular autophagy in diabetic kidney disease. We aimed to assess the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin, the DPP4 inhibitor linagliptin, and their combination, on glomerular autophagy in a model of type 2 diabetes. Eight-week-old male db/db mice were randomly assigned to treatment with empagliflozin, linagliptin, empagliflozin–linagliptin or vehicle for 8 weeks. Age-matched non-diabetic db/+ mice acted as controls. To estimate glomerular autophagy, immunohistochemistry for beclin-1 and LAMP-1 was performed. Podocyte autophagy was assessed by counting the volume density (Vv) of autophagosomes, lysosomes and autolysosomes by transmission electron microscopy. LC3B and LAMP-1, autophagy markers, and caspase-3 and Bcl-2, apoptotic markers, were evaluated in renal cortex by western blot. Vehicle-treated db/db mice had weak glomerular staining for beclin-1 and LAMP-1 and reduced Vv of autophagosomes, autolysosomes and lysosomes in podocytes. Empagliflozin and linagliptin, both as monotherapy and in combination, enhanced the areas of glomerular staining for beclin-1 and LAMP-1 and increased Vv of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in podocytes. Renal LC3B and Bcl-2 were restored in actively treated animals. LAMP-1 expression was enhanced in the empagliflozin group; caspase-3 expression decreased in the empagliflozin–linagliptin group only. Mesangial expansion, podocyte foot process effacement and urinary albumin excretion were mitigated by both agents. The data provide further explanation for the mechanism of the renoprotective effect of SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP4 inhibitors in diabetes.
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Electroacupuncture Relieves Suppression of Autophagy in Interstitial Cells of Cajal of Diabetic Gastroparesis Rats. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 2020:7920715. [PMID: 32211350 PMCID: PMC7060882 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7920715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is mainly blamed to abnormity of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). Autophagy could degrade damaged proteins and organelles to keep intracellular homeostasis, and it could directly influence structure and number of cells. In this study, we aimed to figure out the relationship between DGP and autophagy of ICCs. METHODS Sixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC, 10) and modeling group (50). Rats in the modeling group were injected 2% streptozotocin (STZ) and fed with high-glucose and high-fat diet for 8 weeks in order to establish DGP rat model. After modeling, 30 successfully modeled rats were randomly selected and separated into diabetic gastroparesis group (DGP, 10), GDP rats with electroacupuncture group (EA, 10), and GDP rats with metoclopramide group (MP, 10). When the intervention was completed, blood glucose was measured by ONE TOUCH glucometer and gastrointestinal propulsive rate was detected through measuring optical density. Autophagosomes were observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). The expression of LC3 protein and P62 protein was measured by Western blot. When ICCs were transfected with GFP-RFP-LC3 plasmid, autophagy flux was observed by laser scanning confocal microscope. RESULTS (1) After intervention, compared with blood glucose of rats in the NC group, all of the DGP, EA, and MP groups were remarkably increased (P < 0.01); compared with the DGP group, the blood glucose of the EA and MP groups was decreased greatly (P < 0.01); compared with the DGP group, the blood glucose of the EA and MP groups was decreased greatly (P < 0.01); compared with the DGP group, the blood glucose of the EA and MP groups was decreased greatly (P < 0.01); compared with the DGP group, the blood glucose of the EA and MP groups was decreased greatly (P < 0.01); compared with the DGP group, the blood glucose of the EA and MP groups was decreased greatly (P < 0.01); compared with the DGP group, the blood glucose of the EA and MP groups was decreased greatly (P < 0.01); compared with the DGP group, the blood glucose of the EA and MP groups was decreased greatly (P < 0.01); compared with the DGP group, the blood glucose of the EA and MP groups was decreased greatly (P < 0.01); compared with the DGP group, the blood glucose of the EA and MP groups was decreased greatly (P < 0.01); compared with the DGP group, the blood glucose of the EA and MP groups was decreased greatly (P < 0.01); compared with the DGP group, the blood glucose of the EA and MP groups was decreased greatly (P < 0.01); compared with the DGP group, the blood glucose of the EA and MP groups was decreased greatly (P < 0.01); compared with the DGP group, the blood glucose of the EA and MP groups was decreased greatly (P < 0.01); compared with the DGP group, the blood glucose of the EA and MP groups was decreased greatly (P < 0.01); compared with the DGP group, the blood glucose of the EA and MP groups was decreased greatly (P < 0.01). (2) Compared with gastrointestinal propulsive rate of rats in the NC group, no matter gastric emptying rate or intestinal propulsive rate, the EA and MP groups were significantly reduced (P < 0.01); compared with the NC group, gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsive rate in the EA group were obviously decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); compared with the DGP group, the EA and MP groups were increased significantly (P < 0.01). (3) Compared with the NC group, intensity of RFP and GFP in the DGP group was obviously increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), in other words, the DGP group accompanying suppression of autophagy; compared with the DGP group, intensity of RFP and GFP in the EA group was decreased significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (4) There was no autophagosome in the NC group, and an autophagosome existed in the DGP group. Both EA and MP groups found autophagy. (5) When coming to LC3 II/LC3 I, compared with the NC group, the ratio was enhanced in the DGP and EA groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); compared with the DGP group, LC3 II/LC3 I was dramatically decreased in the MP and EA groups (P < 0.01). (6) As the substrate of degradation, the expression of P62 in the other three groups was significantly increased (P < 0.01) compared with the NC group; compared with the DGP group, the amount of P62 in the EA and MP groups was reduced greatly (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The impaired autophagy flux in ICCs is the pathological basis of diabetic gastroparesis, blaming to fusion dysfunction of autophagosome and lysosome and electroacupuncture (EA) could ease the suppression of autophagy to improve gastric motility.
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Zhang P, Fang J, Zhang J, Ding S, Gan D. Curcumin Inhibited Podocyte Cell Apoptosis and Accelerated Cell Autophagy in Diabetic Nephropathy via Regulating Beclin1/UVRAG/Bcl2. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:641-652. [PMID: 32184643 PMCID: PMC7060797 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s237451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Curcumin has various biological properties including being anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic. Podocyte apoptosis and autophagy dysfunction have been found to be responsible for the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on the podocyte apoptosis and autophagy in DN and clarify its potential mechanisms. METHODS The mice with DN induced by injection of streptozotocin were treated with curcumin by gavage at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. The serum lipid levels were detected by total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) kits at different time points. Renal damage was assessed by detecting urine albumin, serum creatinine (Scr), HE staining and PAS staining. The renal impairment was detected by immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL staining. Western blot assay tested the expression of autophagy-related and apoptotic-related proteins in vivo and vitro. The viabilities and apoptosis of MPC5 cells exposed to high glucose (HG) or curcumin were respectively detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS The results showed that curcumin significantly decreased the progress of DN possibly via increasing autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis of renal cell in DN mice. Besides, podocyte marker proteins (podocalyxin and nephrin) were markedly increased in DN mice by curcumin treatment. The autophagy-related proteins LC3, p62, Beclin1, UVRAG and ATG5 were significantly affected in DN mice by curcumin, along with reducing expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and caspase-3 and increasing anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In vitro, curcumin increased the viabilities and inhibited apoptosis of MPC5 cells exposed to high glucose (HG). In addition, the podocyte autophagy was enhanced partly via regulating beclin1/UVRAG. DISCUSSION Together, the results showed that curcumin inhibited podocyte apoptosis and accelerated cell autophagy via regulating Beclin1/UVRAG/Bcl2. Thus, the study showed that curcumin exerted significantly protective effects in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Gan
- Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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Li C, Guan XM, Wang RY, Xie YS, Zhou H, Ni WJ, Tang LQ. Berberine mitigates high glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis by modulating autophagy via the mTOR/P70S6K/4EBP1 pathway. Life Sci 2020; 243:117277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kaushal GP, Chandrashekar K, Juncos LA, Shah SV. Autophagy Function and Regulation in Kidney Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E100. [PMID: 31936109 PMCID: PMC7022273 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a dynamic process by which intracellular damaged macromolecules and organelles are degraded and recycled for the synthesis of new cellular components. Basal autophagy in the kidney acts as a quality control system and is vital for cellular metabolic and organelle homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, autophagy facilitates cellular adaptation; however, activation of autophagy in response to renal injury may be insufficient to provide protection, especially under dysregulated conditions. Kidney-specific deletion of Atg genes in mice has consistently demonstrated worsened acute kidney injury (AKI) outcomes supporting the notion of a pro-survival role of autophagy. Recent studies have also begun to unfold the role of autophagy in progressive renal disease and subsequent fibrosis. Autophagy also influences tubular cell death in renal injury. In this review, we reported the current understanding of autophagy regulation and its role in the pathogenesis of renal injury. In particular, the classic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent signaling pathway and other mTOR-independent alternative signaling pathways of autophagy regulation were described. Finally, we summarized the impact of autophagy activation on different forms of cell death, including apoptosis and regulated necrosis, associated with the pathophysiology of renal injury. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy would identify important targets for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gur P. Kaushal
- Renal Section, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock, Arkansas and Division of Nephrology, 4300 W 7th St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (L.A.J.); (S.V.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Kiran Chandrashekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Luis A. Juncos
- Renal Section, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock, Arkansas and Division of Nephrology, 4300 W 7th St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (L.A.J.); (S.V.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Sudhir V. Shah
- Renal Section, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock, Arkansas and Division of Nephrology, 4300 W 7th St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (L.A.J.); (S.V.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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He C, Liu G, Zhuang S, Zhang J, Chen Y, Li H, Huang Z, Zheng Y. Yu Nu Compound Regulates Autophagy and Apoptosis Through mTOR in vivo and vitro. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2081-2092. [PMID: 32606867 PMCID: PMC7308788 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s253494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Yu Nu compound (YNJ) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely utilized to treat type 2 diabetes possibly through mediating autophagy. Abnormal podocyte autophagy and apoptosis could result in podocyte loss in diabetics nephropathy (DN). The mechanism of Yu Nu compound in DN is still unclear. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the effects of Yu Nu compound and analyze the potential mechanism. METHODS Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were administered using YNJ with different doses once a day by gavage for 4 weeks. The renal cortex injury was observed by HE staining and electron microscope. Cell apoptosis of renal cortex was analyzed by TUNNEL staining. The mTOR, autophagy-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blot or real-time PCR in vivo and vitro. MPC5 cells were exposed to high glucose (HG, 30mM) for 12h to simulate podocyte injury in DN. MPC5 cells were treated by serum containing YNJ with different dosages. Cell activities and apoptosis were, respectively, detected through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS The results showed that the medium dose of YNJ had better effects on decreasing blood glucose and improving renal injury in GK rats, followed by decreasing mTOR levels. The autophagy levels were enhanced in renal cortex, accompanied with the increase of cell apoptosis in vivo. Besides, the proteins regulating autophagy and apoptosis were significantly modulated by YNJ in GK rats. Then, we found that the decreasing endogenous mTOR could reverse the effects of YNJ on podocyte apoptosis and autophagy in vivo. DISCUSSION The study suggested that YNJ recovered normal autophagy and suppressed apoptosis through regulating mTOR. The maintenance of normal basal autophagic activity possibly based on the effect of YNJ on multiple target was essential for maintaining podocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigu He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Caigu He Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Guang Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuting Zhuang
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangtao Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hetian Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengping Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian350122, People's Republic of China
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Tu Q, Li Y, Jin J, Jiang X, Ren Y, He Q. Curcumin alleviates diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting podocyte mesenchymal transdifferentiation and inducing autophagy in rats and MPC5 cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:778-786. [PMID: 31741405 PMCID: PMC6882478 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1688843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Context: Curcumin could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the mechanism remains unclear.Objective: The efficacy of curcumin on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of podocyte and autophagy in vivo and in vitro was explored.Materials and methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the normal, model and curcumin (300 mg/kg/d, i.g., for 8 weeks) groups. Rats received streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and high-fat-sugar diet to induce DN. Biochemical indicators and histomorphology of renal tissues were observed. In addition, cultured mouse podocytes (MPC5) was induced to EMT with serum from DN rats, and then exposed to curcumin (40 µM) with or without fumonisin B1, an Akt specific activator or 3BDO, the mTOR inducer. Western blot analysed the levels of EMT and autophagy associated proteins.Results: Administration of curcumin obviously reduced the levels of blood glucose, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and urine albumen (by 28.4, 37.6, 33.5 and 22.4%, respectively), and attenuated renal histomorphological changes in DN rats. Podocytes were partially fused and autophagic vacuoles were increased in curcumin-treated rats. Furthermore, curcumin upregulated the expression of E-cadherin and LC3 proteins and downregulated the vimentin, TWIST1, p62, p-mTOR, p-Akt and P13K levels in DN rats and MPC5 cells. However, fumonisin B1 or 3BDO reversed the effects of curcumin on the expression of these proteins in cells.Discussion and conclusions: The protection against development of DN by curcumin treatment involved changes in inducing autophagy and alleviating podocyte EMT, through the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway, providing the scientific basis for further research and clinical applications of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiudi Tu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang XX, Jiang CH, Liu Y, Lou DX, Huang YP, Gao M, Zhang J, Yin ZQ, Pan K. Cyclocarya paliurus triterpenic acids fraction attenuates kidney injury via AMPK-mTOR-regulated autophagy pathway in diabetic rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:153060. [PMID: 31401495 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Diabetic nephropathy is the most serious complication of diabetes. Cyclocarya paliurus (CP), an herbal plant in China, has been reported the biological activity of anti-hyperglycemia. However, its effects on the diabetic nephropathy (DN) remain unclear. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the potential role of CP and its underlying mechanisms on DN. STUDY DESIGN In this study, the effects of triterpenic acids-enriched fraction from CP (CPT) on DN was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rats and high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cells models. METHODS After oral administration with or without CPT for 10 weeks, body weight, glucose, microalbumin, serum creatinine and blood urea in STZ-induced rats were detected. Histological analysis was performed to evaluate renal function of mice. Moreover, the level of autophagy was detected by western blot or immunostaining. In vitro, HG-induced HK-2 cell was conducted to evaluate the renal protection and mechanism of CPT. RESULTS CPT dramatically decreased the levels of microalbumin, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and ameliorated increased mesangial matrix and glomerular fibrosis. In addition, we found the CPT prevented renal damage and cell apoptosis through the autophagy. Furthermore, CPT could increase the phosphorylation of AMPK and decrease its downstream effector phosphorylation of mTOR. Besides, the expression of LC3-II were locked by AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin dihydrochloride (compound C), implying that the autophagy may be regulated with AMPK activation. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that CPT might be a desired candidate against diabetes, potentially through AMPK-mTOR-regulated autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Cui-Hua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Dong-Xiao Lou
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ya-Ping Huang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Meng Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Qi Yin
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Ke Pan
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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Guo X, Shi Y, Du P, Wang J, Han Y, Sun B, Feng J. HMGB1/TLR4 promotes apoptosis and reduces autophagy of hippocampal neurons in diabetes combined with OSA. Life Sci 2019; 239:117020. [PMID: 31678553 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) combined with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) may lead to cognitive dysfunction. We previously reported that cognitive impairment is exacerbated in KKAy mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia (IH), during which the DNA binding protein HMGB1 mediates hippocampal neuronal apoptosis by maintaining microglia-associated neuroinflammation, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry experiments in mouse hippocampal tissues and HT22 cells. KKAy type 2 diabetes model mice and normal C57BL/6J mice were exposed to IH or intermittent normoxia. HT22 cells were cultured in high glucose medium and exposed to IH or intermittent normoxia. We transfected HMGB1 siRNA into HT22 cells and then treated them with high glucose combined with intermittent hypoxia. KEY FINDINGS In conclusion, IH aggravated apoptosis and autophagy defects in T2DM mice, and increased the protein expression of HMGB1 and TLR4. This was also confirmed in HG + IH-treated hippocampal HT22 cells. HMGB1 siRNA can significantly reduce the protein expression of HMGB1 and TLR4, reverse neuronal apoptosis and enhance autophagy. SIGNIFICANCE We believe that HMGB1 is a key factor in the regulation of hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and autophagy defects in T2DM combined with OSA. Targeting HMGB1/TLR4 signaling as a novel approach may delay or prevent the increased apoptosis and decreased autophagy induced by T2DM combined with OSA, and may ultimately improve cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Guo
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Du
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Yelei Han
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| | - Jing Feng
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 300052, Tianjin, China.
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Ji J, Zhao Y, Na C, Yang M, Zhu X, Shi H, Gan W, Zhang A. Connexin 43‑autophagy loop in the podocyte injury of diabetic nephropathy. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1781-1788. [PMID: 31545399 PMCID: PMC6777687 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of podocyte injury is a key strategy in controlling proteinuria, which is the main early clinical manifestation of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Impaired autophagic flux is the primary mechanism responsible for podocyte injury in DN. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of connexin 43 (Cx43) on impaired autophagic flux in podocyte injury and to explore its molecular mechanism of action in DN. Sprague‑Dawley rats were administered streptozocin (STZ) to construct a DN animal model. Podocytes were incubated in media containing either buffer or high glucose (HG; 30 mM) for variable time periods. The podocytes were then examined and the mechanism of injury was investigated using an Annexin V/PI assay, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and RNA interference. In vivo, STZ‑induced DN rats with or without Cx43 knockdown were established to observe the role of Cx43 in autophagic flux and podocyte injury. We observed that HG induced podocyte injury, accompanied by increases in Cx43 expression and impaired autophagic flux, as evidenced by the accumulation of LC3II/LC3I and p62. Interestingly, the silencing of Cx43 expression ameliorated autophagic flux impairment and reduced podocyte injury via suppression of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Furthermore, impaired autophagic flux also blocked the degradation of Cx43. In vitro studies indicated that higher numbers of Annexin V/PI‑positive podocytes, impaired autophagic flux and increased Cx43 expression were observed in HG‑induced podocyte injury relative to the control group. The pathogenic effect of Cx43 on impaired autophagic flux and podocyte injury was also confirmed by Cx43 knockdown. The present study provided preliminary evidence indicating that the interdependence of Cx43 and impaired autophagic flux represents a novel mechanism of podocyte injury in DN. Hence, the Cx43‑autophagy loop is a potentially relevant therapeutic target for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Ji
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Chen Na
- Department of Pediatrics, Yanan Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xianyi Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Shi
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Gan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
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Su Y, Yao S, Zhao S, Li J, Li H. LncRNA CCAT1 functions as apoptosis inhibitor in podocytes via autophagy inhibition. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:621-631. [PMID: 31468575 PMCID: PMC6899777 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte apoptosis importantly contributes to various kidney diseases. Long noncoding RNAs Colon cancer‐associated transcript‐1 (CCAT‐1) has been demonstrated for a critical role in cell proliferation. In the present study, the relationship between CCAT1 and popdocyte impairment, and the underlying mechanism was investigated. Podocytes were isolated from mice and then treated with tumor necrosis factor‐α to simulate podocyte injury. After developed CCAT1 overexpression or knockdown, cell viabilities were determined with the CCK‐8 assay, apoptosis was examined with Flow cytometry, the autophagy was observed by Western blot. Furthermore, phosphorylated PI3K and Akt expressions were examined. We found that after CCAT1 overexpression, the cell viability was significantly increased, apoptosis was significantly decreased, and autophagy was significantly inhibited, which was indicated by induced P62, LC3B‐I and decreased LC3B‐II. In addition, CCAT1 overexpression induced the levels of phosphorylated PI3K and Akt. With Rap treatment, these effects by CCAT1 were reversed. Furthermore, the results contrary to the effects by CCAT1 overexpression were presented after CCAT1 knockdown, and this was inhibited by 3‐MA. Taken together, our results suggested that CCAT1 induction critically participated in apoptosis inhibition in podocytes through autophagy inhibition via increasing PI3K/Akt signaling. This might act as a promising therapeutic intervention for renal diseases associated with podocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Su
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shili Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinchun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang G, Ouyang J, Li S, Wang H, Lian B, Liu Z, Xie L. The analysis of risk factors for diabetic nephropathy progression and the construction of a prognostic database for chronic kidney diseases. J Transl Med 2019; 17:264. [PMID: 31409386 PMCID: PMC6693179 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) affects about 40% of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) all over the world, especially in high- and middle-income countries. Most DN has been present for years before it is diagnosed. Currently, the treatment of DN is mainly to prevent or delay disease progression. Although many important molecules have been discovered in hypothesis-driven research over the past two decades, advances in DN management and new drug development have been very limited. Moreover, current animal/cell models could not replicate all the features of human DN, while the development of Epigenetics further demonstrates the complexity of the mechanism of DN progression. To capture the key pathways and molecules that actually affect DN progression from numerous published studies, we collected and analyzed human DN prognostic markers (independent risk factors for DN progression). Methods One hundred and fifty-one DN prognostic markers were collected manually by reading 2365 papers published between 01/01/2002 and 12/15/2018. One hundred and fifteen prognostic markers of other four common CKDs were also collected. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was done using g:Profiler, and a relationship network was built based on the KEGG database. Tissue origin distribution was derived mainly from The Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and a database of these prognostic markers was constructed using PHP Version 5.5.15 and HTML5. Results Several pathways were significantly enriched corresponding to different end point events. It is shown that the TNF signaling pathway plays a role through the process of DN progression and adipocytokine signaling pathway is uniquely enriched in ESRD. Molecules, such as TNF, IL6, SOD2, etc. are very important for DN progression, among which, it seems that “AGER” plays a pivotal role in the mechanism. A database, dbPKD, was constructed containing all the collected prognostic markers. Conclusions This study developed a database for all prognostic markers of five common CKDs, offering some bioinformatics analyses of DN prognostic markers, and providing useful insights towards understanding the fundamental mechanism of human DN progression and for identifying new therapeutic targets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-2016-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210016, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shen Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Baofeng Lian
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210016, China. .,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210016, China.
| | - Lu Xie
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Luo H, Han L, Xu J. Apelin/APJ system: A novel promising target for neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:638-657. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiqing Luo
- Department of Physiology Changsha Medical University Changsha Hunan China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Physiology Changsha Medical University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Changsha Medical University Changsha Hunan China
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Neelakantan D, Dogra S, Devapatla B, Jaiprasart P, Mukashyaka MC, Janknecht R, Dwivedi SKD, Bhattacharya R, Husain S, Ding K, Woo S. Multifunctional APJ Pathway Promotes Ovarian Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1378-1390. [PMID: 30858172 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
High mortality rates in ovarian cancer are due to late-stage diagnosis when extensive metastases are present, coupled with the eventual development of resistance to standard chemotherapy. There is, thus, an urgent need to identify targetable pathways to curtail this deadly disease. In this study, we show that the apelin receptor, APJ, is a viable target that promotes tumor progression of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). APJ is specifically overexpressed in tumor tissue, and is elevated in metastatic tissues compared with primary tumors. Importantly, increased APJ expression significantly correlates with decreased median overall survival (OS) by 14.7 months in patients with HGSOC. Using various ovarian cancer model systems, we demonstrate that APJ expression in cancer cells is both necessary and sufficient to increase prometastatic phenotypes in vitro, including proliferation, cell adhesion to various molecules of the extracellular matrix (ECM), anoikis resistance, migration, and invasion; and these phenotypes are efficiently inhibited by the APJ inhibitor, ML221. Overexpression of APJ also increases metastasis of ovarian cancer cells in vivo. Mechanistically, the prometastatic STAT3 pathway is activated downstream of APJ, and in addition to the ERK and AKT pathways, contributes to its aggressive phenotypes. Our findings suggest that the APJ pathway is a novel and viable target, with potential to curb ovarian cancer progression and metastasis. IMPLICATIONS: The APJ pathway is a viable target in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Neelakantan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Samrita Dogra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Bharat Devapatla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Pharavee Jaiprasart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Marie Claire Mukashyaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Sanam Husain
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Sukyung Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Dang M, Zeng X, Chen B, Wang H, Li H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Cao X, Du F, Guo C. Soluble receptor for advance glycation end-products inhibits ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial autophagy via the STAT3 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:107-119. [PMID: 30367996 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is poorly understood, but recent evidence suggests that autophagy plays crucial roles in I/R injuries. Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) exerts protective effects during I/R by decreasing cardiac apoptosis, which is mediated via increasing the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The present study examined the effects and mechanisms of sRAGE on I/R-triggered cardiac autophagy. I/R was performed in mice or primary neonatal cardiomyocytes with or without sRAGE administration or overexpression. Cardiac function and infarct size were detected in mouse hearts. Apoptosis, autophagy and autophagy-related signaling pathways were detected in mouse hearts and cardiomyocytes. The results demonstrated that sRAGE significantly improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size during I/R in mice. sRAGE inhibited I/R-induced apoptosis, which correlated with a reduction in autophagy-associated proteins, including ATG7, Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). sRAGE reduced autophagosome formation during I/R in vivo and in vitro. sRAGE significantly activated STAT3, but not mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), during I/R in vivo and in vitro, and suppression of STAT3 abolished the sRAGE inhibition of autophagy during I/R in vitro. Activation of autophagy using ATG7 overexpression with an adenovirus significantly abolished the sRAGE-induced reduction of cardiac apoptosis during I/R. These results suggest that sRAGE inhibits I/R injuries in the heart via a decrease in autophagy, a process that is dependent on STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Dang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiangjun Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Buxing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Huihua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Advanced Institute of Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiuling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xianxian Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fenghe Du
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
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Chen DD, Xu R, Zhou JY, Chen JQ, Wang L, Liu XS, Liang CL, Liu BH, Lu RR, Wu JB, Lin H. Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides exerted protective effects on diabetic nephropathy in mice via regulation of autophagy. Food Funct 2019; 10:5102-5114. [PMID: 31363726 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00957d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study is designed to investigate the protective effects of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides (CMP) on STZ-treated DN mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Chen
- Department of Clinical pharmacy
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510120
- China
| | - Rui Xu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510120
- China
| | - Jiu-Yao Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jun-Qi Chen
- Department of Clinical pharmacy
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510120
- China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical pharmacy
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510120
- China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology
- The Second Affiliated Hospital
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510120
- China
| | - Chun-ling Liang
- Section of Immunology & Chinese Medicine
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Bi-Hao Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Rui-Rui Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jun-Biao Wu
- Department of Clinical pharmacy
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510120
- China
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Clinical pharmacy
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou 510120
- China
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Cheng J, Luo X, Huang Z, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: A potential therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction‐related diseases. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12149-12160. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Xuling Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang China
- Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang China
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Yin J, Wang Y, Chang J, Li B, Zhang J, Liu Y, Lai S, Jiang Y, Li H, Zeng X. Apelin inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition of podocytes in diabetic mice through downregulating immunoproteasome subunits β5i. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1031. [PMID: 30301930 PMCID: PMC6178343 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) of podocytes had been reported to be involved in the glomerular fibrosis in diabetic kidney diseases, which was regulated by TGFβ and NFκB pathways. And apelin, an adipokine which is upregulated in diabetic kidney diseases, was reported to be negatively correlated to TGFβ in polycystic kidney disease and attenuate EMT in renal tubular cells. Therefore, it is hypothesized that apelin might inhibit the EMT of podocytes through downregulating the expression and activation of TGFβ/Smad pathway in diabetic kidney diseases. The results showed that apelin in glomeruli of diabetic mice were increased and exogenous apelin inhibited the EMT of podocytes in diabetic mice, which were accompanied with the decreased expression of proteasome subunits β5i. The results from β5iKO mice confirmed that the inhibiting effects of apelin on EMT of podocytes in diabetic mice were dependent on β5i. The results from culture podocytes showed that apelin decreased the degradation of pIκB and promoted the translocation of IκB into nucleus through decreasing the expression of β5i, which would inhibit the promoting effects of NFκB on expression of TGFβ and followed by decreased activation of Smad pathway and EMT in podocytes. In conclusion, apelin might act as an EMT suppressor for podocytes to decrease the process of glomerular fibrosis in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Yin
- Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Hepatology, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Yangjia Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Song Lai
- Department of Cardiology. Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.193, Lianhe Road, Xigang District, 116011, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Huihua Li
- Department of Cardiology. Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.193, Lianhe Road, Xigang District, 116011, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangjun Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
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Xu W, Gao L, Li T, Zheng J, Shao A, Zhang J. Apelin-13 Alleviates Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via Suppression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-mediated Apoptosis and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption: Possible Involvement of ATF6/CHOP Pathway. Neuroscience 2018; 388:284-296. [PMID: 30036660 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis plays important roles in the early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study first showed that inhibition of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) by apelin-13 could reduce endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress-mediated apoptosis and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption after SAH. We chose apelin-13, ATF6 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) siRNAs to verify the hypothesis. Brain water content, neurological behavior and Evans Blue (EB) were assessed at 24 h after SAH. Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were applied to evaluate the expression of targets in both protein and mRNA levels. Neuronal apoptosis was assessed with Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and caspase-3 staining. The results showed that the levels of ATF6, and its downstream protein, CHOP were upregulated and reached the peak at 24 h after SAH. ATF6 was highly expressed in neurons. The administration of apelin-13 could significantly reduce the mRNA and protein levels of ATF6, and its downstream targets, CHOP and caspase-3, but increase the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, Claudin-5, Occludin and ZO-1. What's more, the administration of apelin-13 could reduce brain edema, ameliorate BBB disruption and improve neurological functions. However, the CHOP siRNA could significantly reverse the pro-apoptotic effect induced by the increased ATF6 level after SAH. Apelin-13 could exert its neuroprotective effects via suppression of ATF6/CHOP arm of ER-stress-response pathway in the early brain injury after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liansheng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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