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Liu J, Dai C, Yin L, Yang X, Yan J, Liu M, Wu H, Xiao J, Kong W, Xu Z, Feng H. STAT2 negatively regulates RIG-I in the antiviral innate immunity of black carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109510. [PMID: 38521143 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2), a downstream factor of type I interferons (IFNs), is a key component of the cellular antiviral immunity response. However, the role of STAT2 in the upstream of IFN signaling, such as the regulation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), remains unknown. In this study, STAT2 homologue of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized. The open reading frame (ORF) of bcSTAT2 comprises 2523 nucleotides and encodes 841 amino acids, which presents the conserved structure to that of mammalian STAT2. The dual-luciferase reporter assay and the plaque assay showed that bcSTAT2 possessed certain IFN-inducing ability and antiviral ability against both spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) and grass carp reovirus (GCRV). Interestingly, we detected the association between bcSTAT2 and bcRIG-I through co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay. Moreover, when bcSTAT2 was co-expressed with bcRIG-I, bcSTAT2 obviously suppressed bcRIG-I-induced IFN expression and antiviral activity. The subsequent co-IP assay and immunoblotting (IB) assay further demonstrated that bcSTAT2 inhibited K63-linked polyubiquitination but not K48-linked polyubiquitination of bcRIG-I, however, did not affect the oligomerization of bcRIG-I. Thus, our data conclude that black carp STAT2 negatively regulates RIG-I through attenuates its K63-linked ubiquitination, which sheds a new light on the regulation of the antiviral innate immunity cascade in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Chushan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Weiguang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Lin Y, Wang B, Wang N, Ouyang G, Cao H. Transcriptome analysis of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) infected by the grass carp reovirus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:337-344. [PMID: 30974216 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp shares the largest portion of the aquaculture production in China, but hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) often results in tremendous loss of fingerlings and yearlings, causing significant economic damages. However, it is difficult to study antiviral mechanisms in grass carp in vivo due to its large size and long reproductive cycle. Therefore, a small cyprinid species named rare minnow with high sensitivity to GCRV, is regarded as a useful model to study the mechanisms of this disease. In this study, rare minnows were infected with the type-IIGCRV (GCRV-HZ08), and pathogenesis was investigated by BGISEQ-500 transcriptome sequencing of four cDNA libraries, hepatopancreas, gills, head-kidney and spleen, and real time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). We obtained 51.22 Gb bases in total, and de novo assembled 107,756 unigenes with an average length of 1,441 bp. GO analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the defense mechanisms were the most enriched GO terms in all four tissues. KEGG analysis revealed that the most enriched pathways were "Influenza A", "Herpes simplex infection", "Transcriptional misregulation in cancer" and "Metabolic" pathways. We also performed a comparative transcriptomic study between GCRV-infected rare minnow and grass carp data. This revealed that "IL-17 signaling pathway", "NF-kappa B signaling pathway" and "Influenza A" pathways are conserved (important) in the regulation of anti-GCRV infection in both species, and need to be further investigated. Furthermore, a total of four immune-related DEGs were selected for qRT-PCR validation, and the results confirmed the RNA-seq data. These results enhance our understanding of the antiviral responses of cyprinid fish infected by GCRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nenghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Balaban YH, Aka C, Koca-Caliskan U. Liver immunology and herbal treatment. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:757-770. [PMID: 28660010 PMCID: PMC5474722 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i17.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the metabolic functions, the liver recently has been defined as an organ of immune system (IS), which have central regulatory role for innate and adaptive immunity. The liver keeps a delicate balance between hepatic screening of pathogenic antigens and immune tolerance to self-antigens. Herbal treatments with immunological effects have potential to alter this hepatic immune balance towards either therapeutic side or diseases side by inducing liver injury via hepatotoxicity or initiation of autoimmune diseases. Most commonly known herbal treatments, which have therapeutic effect on liver and IS, have proven via in vitro, in vivo, and/or clinical studies were summarized in this review.
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Rao Y, Wan Q, Yang C, Su J. Grass Carp Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology 2 Serves As a Negative Regulator in Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I- and Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5-Mediated Antiviral Signaling in Resting State and Early Stage of Grass Carp Reovirus Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:352. [PMID: 28396670 PMCID: PMC5366347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2) is a key component of RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs). However, the lack of the caspase recruitment domains (CARDs) results in its controversial functional performance as a negative or positive regulator in antiviral responses. Especially, no sufficient evidence uncovers the functional mechanisms of LGP2 in RLR signaling pathways in teleost. Here, negative regulation mechanism of LGP2 in certain situations in retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-mediated antiviral responses was identified in Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney cells. LGP2 overexpression inhibits synthesis and phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3/7 (IRF3/7), and mRNA levels and promoter activities of IFNs and NF-κBs in resting state and early phase of grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection. Knockdown of LGP2 obtains opposite effects. Luciferase report assay indicates that LGP2 works at the upstream of RIG-I and MDA5. LGP2 binds to RIG-I and MDA5 with diverse domain preference and which is independent of GCRV infection. Furthermore, LGP2 restrains K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I and MDA5 in various degrees. These differences result in disparate repressive mechanisms of LGP2 to RIG-I- and MDA5-mediated signal activations of IFN-β promoter stimulator 1 and mediator of IRF3 activation. Interestingly, LGP2 also inhibits K48-linked RIG-I and MDA5 ubiquitination to suppress proteins degradation, which guarantees the basal protein levels for subsequently rapid signal activation. All these results reveal a mechanism that LGP2 functions as a suppressor in RLR signaling pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis in resting state and early phase during GCRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youliang Rao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Quanyuan Wan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Jianguo Su
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
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Wang M, Zheng W, Zhu X, Xu J, Cai B, Zhang Y, Zheng F, Zhou L, Yang Z, Zhang X, Wang C, Nie S, Zhu J. A Human Anti-Toll Like Receptor 4 Fab Fragment Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Production in Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146856. [PMID: 26785354 PMCID: PMC4718644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of clinical and experimental studies suggest that endotoxin/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated proinflammatory and profibrotic signaling activation is critical in the development of hepatic fibrosis. However, studies examining the role of specific TLR4 inhibitor are still lacking. The present study was aimed to prepare a human anti-TLR4 Fab fragment, named hTLR4-Fab01, and to explore its immune activity. We screened the positive clone of anti-human TLR4 phagemid from a human phage-display antibody library using recombinant TLR4 protein, which was used as template cDNA for the amplification of variable regions of the heavy (VH) chain and light chain (VL), then coupled with highly conserved regions of the heavy chain domain 1 (CH1) and the light chain (CL), respectively. Thus, the prokaryotic expression vector pETDuet-1 of hTLR4-Fab01 was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21. The characteristic of hTLR4-Fab01 was examined by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, ELISA, affinity and kinetics assay. Further, our data demonstrate that hTLR4-Fab01 could specifically bind to TLR4, and its treatment obviously attenuated the proinflammatory effect, characterized by less LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 production in human macrophages. In conclusion, we have successfully prepared the hTLR4-Fab01 with efficient activity for blocking LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines production, suggesting that the hTLR4-Fab01 may be a potential candidate for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maorong Wang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
- Anhui Medical University Affiliated with Bayi Clinical College, Nanjing 210002, China
- * E-mail: (MW); (JZ)
| | - Wenkai Zheng
- Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xuhui Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Binggang Cai
- Anhui Medical University Affiliated with Bayi Clinical College, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Linfu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguo Yang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Changjun Wang
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Shinan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of the Ministry of Health, NJMU, Nanjing 210029, China
- * E-mail: (MW); (JZ)
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An LF, Zhang XH, Sun XT, Zhao LH, Li S, Wang WH. Unexplained infertility patients have increased serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-21, TNFα, IFNγ and increased Tfh/CD4 T cell ratio: increased Tfh and IL-21 strongly correlate with presence of autoantibodies. Immunol Invest 2014; 44:164-73. [PMID: 25032981 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2014.932377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system that affects millions of people globally. Reproductive failure is a major medical issue adversely affecting human health in the 21st century. Many factors contribute to infertility, including immune conditions which may lead to immune infertility (immunologic infertility). It is known that specific T helper cells (Th) and their cytokines are involved in the stages of infertility. The aim of this study is to provide a new diagnostic approach to immunologic infertility by investigating the correlation of follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and their secreted cytokines with the autoantibodies in peripheral blood samples from immunologically infertile patients. Thirty (30) patients suffering from immune infertility and 20 control subjects were selected as the sample base for this study. The levels of Tfh, 20 cytokines and 4 antibodies were evaluated for this investigation and evaluated using flow cytometry, antibody chip and ELISA technologies. It was found that, in immunologically infertile patients, Tfh cell numbers were significantly higher than those in the control group. Likewise, seven (7) serum cytokines were expressed to a greater degree in infertile patients compared to the control group. Finally, four (4) antibodies were found to be higher in immunologically infertile patients. The results show that, among patients with immunologic infertility, the levels of Tfh cells and IL-21 were increased significantly in peripheral blood samples and correlate positively with the autoantibodies. IL-12 was positively correlated with the two antibodies, while TNFα was negatively correlated with two additional antibodies. The detection and quantification of Tfh cells, IL-21, IL-12 and TNFα may provide new diagnostic indicators to screen for immunologic infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng An
- The Reproductive Medicine Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , China
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7
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Liu HY, Liu ZK, Chao H, Li Z, Song Z, Yang Y, Peng JP. High-dose interferon-γ promotes abortion in mice by suppressing Treg and Th17 polarization. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:394-403. [PMID: 24359574 PMCID: PMC4015477 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As a classic type I cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is known to manifest a miscarriage-inducing effect, although the specific mechanism is still unclear. To determine whether immune cells such as regulatory T (Treg) and Th17 cells are involved in these abortions, syngeneically pregnant (BALB/c×BALB/c) mice were subjected to intravaginal IFN-γ administration (5 × 10(3) IU/mouse on D3 of gestation). These mice experienced significant fetal loss on D7/D8 of pregnancy, and a remarkable drop in the Treg cell ratio was observed in the peripheral blood and the spleen by flow cytometry. In situ detection of the uterine tissue peri-implantation revealed that IFN-γ treatment also caused statistically significant reductions in forkhead box P3, RAR-related orphan receptor gamma, and IL-17 levels, which indicated local decreases in Treg and Th17 cells at uterine implantation sites. The IFN-γ receptor alpha (IFN-γRα) level was also lowered in the uterus. These results demonstrate that in murine pregnancy, a supraphysiological dose of IFN-γ could induce peri-implantation failure. Moreover, in this study, the decreases in both Treg and Th17-type cells, which may be relevant to the role of IFN-γRα, may be one of the main reasons that IFN-γ causes abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huhe Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Pian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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8
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Gu W, Sun B. TH1/TH2 cell differentiation and molecular signals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 841:15-44. [PMID: 25261203 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9487-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The distinctive differentiated states of the CD4+ T helper cells are determined by the set of transcription factors and the genes transcribed by the transcription factors. In vitro induction models, the major determinants of the cytokines present during the T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated activation process. IL-12 and IFN-γ make Naive CD4+ T cells highly express T-bet and STAT4 and differentiate to TH1 cells, while IL-4 make Naive CD4+ T cells highly express STAT6 and GATA3 and differentiated to TH2 cells. Even through T-bet and GATA3 are master regulators for TH1/TH2 cells differentiation. There are many other transcription factors, such as RUNX family proteins, IRF4, Dec2, Gfi1, Hlx, and JunB that can impair TH1/TH2 cells differentiation. In recent years, noncoding RNAs (microRNA and long noncoding RNA) join in the crowd. The leukocytes should migrate to the right place to show their impact. There are some successful strategies, which are revealed to targeting chemokines and their receptors, that have been developed to treat human immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Zinc finger protein ZBTB20 promotes Toll-like receptor-triggered innate immune responses by repressing IκBα gene transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:11097-102. [PMID: 23776228 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1301257110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is critical in innate response against invading pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms for full activation of TLR-triggered innate immunity need to be fully elucidated. The broad complex tramtrack bric-a-brac/poxvirus and zinc finger (BTB/POZ) family is a class of transcription factors involved in many biological processes. However, few BTB/POZ proteins were reported to function in innate immune response. Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 20 (ZBTB20), a member of BTB/POZ family, functions in neurogenesis and represses α-fetoprotein gene transcription in liver. However, the immunological functions of ZBTB20 remain unknown. Here, we found that myeloid cell-specific ZBTB20 KO mice were resistant to endotoxin shock and Escherichia coli-caused sepsis. ZBTB20 deficiency attenuated TLR-triggered production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFN in macrophages, which attributed to higher abundance of IκBα protein and impaired activity of NF-κB. Furthermore, ChIP and next generation high-throughput DNA sequencing assay showed that ZBTB20 specifically bound to IκBα gene promoter (+1 to +60 region) after TLR activation. ZBTB20 could inhibit IκBα gene transcription, govern IκBα protein expression, and then promote NF-κB activation. Therefore, transcriptional repressor ZBTB20 is needed to promote full activation of TLR signaling and TLR-triggered innate immune response by selectively suppressing the suppressor IκBα gene transcription.
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Li Y, Zhang P, Wang C, Han C, Meng J, Liu X, Xu S, Li N, Wang Q, Shi X, Cao X. Immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1) promotes endotoxin tolerance by increasing A20 expression in macrophages through reactive oxygen species. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16225-16234. [PMID: 23609450 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.454538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated immunosuppression (SAIS) is regarded as one of main causes for the death of septic patients at the late stage because of the decreased innate immunity with a more opportunistic infection. LPS-tolerized macrophages, which are re-challenged by LPS after prior exposure to LPS, are regarded as the common model of hypo-responsiveness for SAIS. However, the molecular mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance and SAIS remain to be fully elucidated. In addition, negative regulation of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-triggered innate inflammatory response needs further investigation. Here we show that expression of immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1) was highly up-regulated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of septic patients and in LPS-tolerized mouse macrophages. IRG1 significantly suppressed TLR-triggered production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-β in LPS-tolerized macrophages, with the elevated expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and A20. Moreover, ROS enhanced A20 expression by increasing the H3K4me3 modification of histone on the A20 promoter domain, and supplement of the ROS abrogated the IRG1 knockdown function in breaking endotoxin tolerance by increasing A20 expression. Our results demonstrate that inducible IRG1 promotes endotoxin tolerance by increasing A20 expression through ROS, indicating a new molecular mechanism regulating hypoinflammation of sepsis and endotoxin tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433; Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433
| | - Chengcai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003
| | - Chaofeng Han
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433
| | - Jun Meng
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058
| | - Xingguang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433
| | - Sheng Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058
| | - Xueyin Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003.
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433; Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058; National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
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11
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Zhang P, Liu X, Li Y, Zhu X, Zhan Z, Meng J, Li N, Cao X. Protein tyrosine phosphatase with proline-glutamine-serine-threonine-rich motifs negatively regulates TLR-triggered innate responses by selectively inhibiting IκB kinase β/NF-κB activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:1685-94. [PMID: 23296707 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
TLRs are essential for sensing the invading pathogens and initiating protective immune responses. However, aberrant activation of TLR-triggered inflammatory innate responses leads to the inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases. The molecular mechanisms that fine-tune TLR responses remain to be fully elucidated. Protein tyrosine phosphatase with proline-glutamine-serine-threonine-rich motifs (PTP-PEST) has been shown to be important in cell adhesion, migration, and also T cell and B cell activation. However, the roles of PTP-PEST in TLR-triggered immune response remain unclear. In this study, we report that PTP-PEST expression was upregulated in macrophages by TLR ligands. PTP-PEST inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-β production in macrophages triggered by TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9. Overexpression of catalytically inactive mutants of PTP-PEST abolished the inhibitory effects, indicating that PTP-PEST inhibits TLR response in a phosphatase-dependent manner. Accordingly, PTP-PEST knockdown increased TLR3, -4, and -9-triggered proinflammatory cytokine and type I IFN production. PTP-PEST selectively inhibited TLR-induced NF-κB activation, whereas it had no substantial effect on MAPK and IFN regulatory factor 3 activation. Moreover, PTP-PEST directly interacted with IκB kinase β (IKKβ) then inhibited IKKβ phosphorylation at Ser(177/181) and Tyr(188/199), and subsequently suppressed IKKβ activation and kinase activity as well as downstream NF-κB activation, resulting in suppression of the TLR-triggered innate immune response. Thus, PTP-PEST functions as a feedback-negative regulator of TLR-triggered innate immune responses by selectively impairing IKKβ/NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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12
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Li Y, Fan X, He X, Sun H, Zou Z, Yuan H, Xu H, Wang C, Shi X. MicroRNA-466l inhibits antiviral innate immune response by targeting interferon-alpha. Cell Mol Immunol 2012; 9:497-502. [PMID: 23042536 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2012.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective recognition of viral infections and subsequent triggering of antiviral innate immune responses are essential for the host antiviral defense, which is tightly regulated by multiple regulators, including microRNAs (miRNAs). A previous study showed that miR-466l upregulates IL-10 expression in macrophages by antagonizing RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin-mediated IL-10 mRNA degradation. However, the ability of miR-466l to regulate antiviral immune responses remains unknown. Here, we found that interferon-alpha (IFN-α) expression was repressed in Sendai virus (SeV)- and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-infected macrophages and in dendritic cells transfected with miR-466l expression. Moreover, multiple IFN-α species can be directly targeted by miR-466l through their 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). This study has demonstrated that miR-466l could directly target IFN-α expression to inhibit host antiviral innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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