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Bae Y. Younger Older Americans and Sarcopenic Obesity: The Moderating Role of Living Alone. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae117. [PMID: 39001662 PMCID: PMC11308196 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have indicated that compared to older adults, younger older adults (e.g., baby boomers) are more susceptible to obesity, but their risk decreases as they age. However, there is a lack of research on how individuals experience sarcopenic obesity, which increases in later life and is a mortality risk factor. This study examined how younger cohorts of older Americans and their demographic traits are related to sarcopenic obesity. METHODS Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze participants aged 65 years and older, stratified by sex using data from the 2006-2016 Health and Retirement Study, with survey weights (n = 2,896 men and n = 4,268 women). RESULTS The findings indicate that the youngest cohort (born between 1948 and 1953) had greater odds of sarcopenic obesity than older cohorts (born before 1931). However, the youngest cohort did not have significantly different risks from those born between 1931 and 1947. Unexpectedly, the youngest cohort of older women living alone tended not to have sarcopenic obesity compared to the older cohorts living alone. These results remained significant even after adjusting for various covariates, including marital status, race, education level, wealth, and other factors. DISCUSSION This paper contributes to the existing literature on population health and demographic change in 2 ways. First, the risk of sarcopenic obesity is higher among younger cohorts of older Americans relative to older cohorts (born before 1931). Second, living alone may not necessarily be considered a worse health condition, particularly for younger female cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoon Bae
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Tseng LY, Liang CK, Peng LN, Lin MH, Loh CH, Lee WJ, Hsiao FY, Chen LK. The distinct impacts of sarcopenic and dynapenic obesity on mortality in middle-aged and older adults based on different adiposity metrics: Results from I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1892-1899. [PMID: 38991414 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sarcopenic obesity (SO) and dynapenic obesity (DO) represent two manifestations of excessive fat accumulation concurrent with compromised muscle mass and function, thereby necessitating an examination of their implications for health. This study aims to investigate the relationship between SO/DO and mortality, taking into account various adiposity measures and existing sarcopenia criteria, with further stratified analyses based on age and gender. METHODS The study sample comprised 1779 older adults residing in the community from the I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study (ILAS). Body composition was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was adhered to the 2019 consensus of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, while adiposity was measured by waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and fat percentage. SO/DO was defined as the coexistence of sarcopenia/dynapenia and obesity. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were adopted to examine the association between SO or DO, defined by WC, BMI, fat percentage, and mortality. RESULTS This 11-year follow-up study of 1779 participants aged 63.9 ± 9.2 years involved 15,068 person-years and 229 deaths. WC-defined SO (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.3, p = 0.021) and WC-defined DO (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.9, p = 0.022) significantly increased mortality risk, whereas definitions employing alternative adiposity metrics exhibited no statistical significance. WC-defined SO was associated with increased risk of mortality among middle-aged adults, while WC-defined DO was associated with increased risk of mortality among older adults. In sex-specific analysis, WC-defined DO was also associated with increased risk of mortality in men (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4, p = 0.019), while defined by other measurements showed no associations in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS The study identified a significant link between SO/DO, defined by WC, and an 11-year mortality risk, advocating for WC-defined adiposity as an obesity measure and personalized interventions considering SO and DO's distinct impacts on mortality in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yen Tseng
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yi-Lan County, Taiwan; Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Liang
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ning Peng
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Lin
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Loh
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Health and Aging, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien County, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuanshan Branch, Yi-Lan County, Taiwan.
| | - Fei-Yuan Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Aminianfar A, Hashemi R, Emami F, Heshmat R, Motlagh AD, Esmaillzadeh A. Associations between dietary total antioxidant capacity and sarcopenia: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J 2024; 23:87. [PMID: 39085886 PMCID: PMC11290090 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No study has investigated the relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity and sarcopenia so far. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity (d-TAC) and sarcopenia in elderly adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study we enrolled 300 elderly people (150 men and 150 women) aged ≥ 55 years using cluster random sampling method. Sarcopenia was defined based on European Working Group on Sarcopenia (EWGSOP) definition. A DXA scanner, a squeeze bulb dynamometer and a 4-Meter walk gait speed test was used to measure Appendicular Skeletal Muscle (ASM), muscle strength and muscle performance respectively. We also used a Block-format 117-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess dietary intakes of participants. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine the association between d-TAC and sarcopenia. RESULTS Mean ± SD age of study participants and their BMI was 66.8 ± 7.72 year and 27.3 ± 4.2 kg/m2, respectively. People in the highest tertile of d-TAC had the greatest hand grip strength (11.9 ± 3.63 vs. 10.4 ± 3.55 psi, p = 0.009) and had lower odds of sarcopenia compared with those in the lowest tertile, either before (OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.88) or after adjustment for potential confounders (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.95). No other significant association was seen between d-TAC and components of sarcopenia. CONCLUSION We found an inverse association between dietary total antioxidant capacity and odds of sarcopenia. No significant association was seen between d-TAC and individual components of sarcopenia. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Aminianfar
- Students' scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Hashemi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Emami
- Department of Community Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Ebne Sina Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular - Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CDRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ilich JZ, Pokimica B, Ristić-Medić D, Petrović S, Arsić A, Vasiljević N, Vučić V, Kelly OJ. Osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) phenotype and its connection with cardiometabolic disorders: Is there a cause-and-effect? Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102326. [PMID: 38734146 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The objectives were to examine if there is a causal relationship between osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome (coexistence of osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and excess adiposity) and cardiometabolic disorders or if these disorders initiate the development of OSA and its worsening. The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to include articles up to the end of 2023. Of n=539 articles retrieved, n=15 met the eligibility criteria. Only studies conducted in adults and with all three body composition compartments (bone, muscle/lean, adipose) measured were considered. The results revealed that several cardiometabolic disorders, namely, hypertension, dyslipidemia (elevated total and LDL-cholesterol, lower HDL-cholesterol), insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, lower serum vitamin D, and some inflammatory markers were accompanied by OSA. In most cases, the OSA phenotype was associated with worse outcomes than cases with healthy or less impaired body composition. Our initial questions about the reciprocal cause-and-effect relationships could be surmised with more certainty for the OSA and some cardiovascular risks (hypertension, dyslipidemia) and some metabolic abnormalities (several inflammatory markers). The results of this review underscore the importance of body composition in health and from a clinical perspective, all three body composition compartments should be measured by standardized technologies using regulated diagnostic criteria to identify OSA. Randomized trials and prospective studies in diverse groups of older and younger individuals are necessary to determine if the relationships between OSA and clinical endpoints are causal and reversible through intervention and to uncover the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Z Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States.
| | - Biljana Pokimica
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia; Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Danijela Ristić-Medić
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia; Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Snjezana Petrović
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia; Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsić
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia; Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Nadja Vasiljević
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vučić
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia; Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Owen J Kelly
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, 925 City Central Avenue, Conroe, Texas 77304, USA
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Bae JH, Seo JW, Li X, Ahn S, Sung Y, Kim DY. Neural network model for prediction of possible sarcopenic obesity using Korean national fitness award data (2010-2023). Sci Rep 2024; 14:14565. [PMID: 38914603 PMCID: PMC11196656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterized by concomitant sarcopenia and obesity and presents a high risk of disability, morbidity, and mortality among older adults. However, predictions based on sequential neural network SO studies and the relationship between physical fitness factors and SO are lacking. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for SO in older adults by focusing on physical fitness factors. A comprehensive dataset of older Korean adults participating in national fitness programs was analyzed using sequential neural networks. Appendicular skeletal muscle/body weight was defined as SO using an anthropometric equation. Independent variables included body fat (BF, %), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and various physical fitness factors. The dependent variable was a binary outcome (possible SO vs normal). We analyzed hyperparameter tuning and stratified K-fold validation to optimize a predictive model. The prevalence of SO was significantly higher in women (13.81%) than in men, highlighting sex-specific differences. The optimized neural network model and Shapley Additive Explanations analysis demonstrated a high validation accuracy of 93.1%, with BF% and absolute grip strength emerging as the most influential predictors of SO. This study presents a highly accurate predictive model for SO in older adults, emphasizing the critical roles of BF% and absolute grip strength. We identified BF, absolute grip strength, and sit-and-reach as key SO predictors. Our findings underscore the sex-specific nature of SO and the importance of physical fitness factors in its prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyun Bae
- Institute of Sports Science, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Able-Art Sport, Department of Theory, Hyupsung University, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Seo
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xinxing Li
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SoYoung Ahn
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Sung
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Senior Exercise Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Gerokinesiology, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongsanbuk-Do, Republic of Korea.
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Silva-Santos T, Guerra RS, Valdiviesso R, Amaral TF. Hand Grip Force-Time Curve Indicators Evaluated by Dynamometer: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1951. [PMID: 38931305 PMCID: PMC11206825 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handgrip strength (HGS) is an indicator of muscular strength, used in the diagnosis of sarcopenia, undernutrition, and physical frailty as well as recovery. Typically, the maximum HGS value is used; however, recent evidence suggests the exploration of new indicators provided based on the force-time curve to achieve a more comprehensive assessment of muscle function. Therefore, the objective was to identify indicators of the HGS profile beyond maximum HGS, based on force-time curves, and to systematize knowledge about their applications to various types of samples, health issues, and physical performance. METHODS A systematic review was performed including studies whose participants' HGS was assessed with a digital or adapted dynamometer. The outcome measures were HGS profile indicators calculated from the force-time curve. RESULTS a total of 15 studies were included, and the following indicators were identified: grip fatigue, fatigability index, fatigue rate, fatigue resistance, time to 80% maximal voluntary contraction, plateau coefficient of variability, time to maximum value, T-90%, release rate, power factor, grip work, average integrated area, endurance, cycle duration, time between cycles, maximum and minimum force-velocity, rate of grip force, final force, inflection point, integrated area, submaximal control, and response time. CONCLUSIONS Various indicators based on the force-time curve can be assessed through digital or adapted dynamometers. Future research should analyze these indicators to understand their implications for muscle function assessment, to standardize evaluation procedures, to identify clinically relevant measures, and to clarify their implications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Silva-Santos
- LAETA-INEGI/FEUP, Associated Laboratory of Energy, Transports and Aerospace, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.-S.); (R.S.G.)
| | - Rita S. Guerra
- LAETA-INEGI/FEUP, Associated Laboratory of Energy, Transports and Aerospace, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.-S.); (R.S.G.)
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Valdiviesso
- FCNAUP, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa F. Amaral
- LAETA-INEGI/FEUP, Associated Laboratory of Energy, Transports and Aerospace, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (T.S.-S.); (R.S.G.)
- FCNAUP, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal;
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Conte E, Mantuano P, Boccanegra B, Imbrici P, Dinoi G, Lenti R, Cappellari O, Cappetta D, De Angelis A, Berrino L, Gordish-Dressman H, Bianchini G, Aramini A, Allegretti M, Liantonio A, De Luca A. Branched-chain amino acids and L-alanine supplementation ameliorate calcium dyshomeostasis in sarcopenia: New insights for nutritional interventions. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1393746. [PMID: 38962308 PMCID: PMC11220240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1393746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: During aging, sarcopenia and decline in physiological processes lead to partial loss of muscle strength, atrophy, and increased fatigability. Muscle changes may be related to a reduced intake of essential amino acids playing a role in proteostasis. We have recently shown that branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplements improve atrophy and weakness in models of muscle disuse and aging. Considering the key roles that the alteration of Ca2+-related homeostasis and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) play in several muscle dysfunctions, this study has been aimed at gaining insight into the potential ability of BCAA-based dietary formulations in aged mice on various players of Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. Methods: Seventeen-month-old male C57BL/6J mice received a 12-week supplementation with BCAAs alone or boosted with two equivalents of L-alanine (2-Ala) or with dipeptide L-alanyl-L-alanine (Di-Ala) in drinking water. Outcomes were evaluated on ex vivo skeletal muscles indices vs. adult 3-month-old male C57BL/6J mice. Results: Ca2+ imaging confirmed a decrease in SOCE and an increase of resting Ca2+ concentration in aged vs. adult mice without alteration in the canonical components of SOCE. Aged muscles vs. adult muscles were characterized by a decrease in the expression of ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1), the Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA) pump, and sarcalumenin together with an alteration of the expression of mitsugumin 29 and mitsugumin 53, two recently recognized players in the SOCE mechanism. BCAAs, particularly the formulation BCAAs+2-Ala, were able to ameliorate all these alterations. Discussion: These results provide evidence that Ca2+ homeostasis dysfunction plays a role in the functional deficit observed in aged muscle and supports the interest of dietary BCAA supplementation in counteracting sarcopenia-related SOCE dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Conte
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Mantuano
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Brigida Boccanegra
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Imbrici
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Dinoi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Lenti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Ornella Cappellari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Cappetta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Liberato Berrino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Gianluca Bianchini
- Research & Early Development, Dompé farmaceutici S.p.A., L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Aramini
- Research & Early Development, Dompé farmaceutici S.p.A., L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Liantonio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria De Luca
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
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Zhang N, Qu X, Zhou H, Kang L. Mapping Knowledge Landscapes and Emerging Trends of Sarcopenic Obesity in Older Adults: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2004 to 2023. Cureus 2024; 16:e62300. [PMID: 38873392 PMCID: PMC11170931 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity in combination with sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength or physical function, is on the rise among adults aged 65 years and older. A significant portion of this demographic now falls under the classification of sarcopenic obesity, a high-risk geriatric syndrome predominantly seen in an aging population vulnerable to compounded complications from both sarcopenia and obesity. It is essential to promptly evaluate the impact of academic research in this field, taking into account factors such as geographical regions, authors, journals, and institutions. Furthermore, exploring current topics and identifying potential areas that could inspire future researchers to conduct additional studies is crucial for advancing overall health in this population. Methodology A search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection database to identify English language articles and reviews focusing on sarcopenic obesity in older adults, published between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2023. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer (v.1.6.18) and CiteSpace (v.6.1.R2). Results A total of 985 original English-language articles were collected, consisting of 783 articles and 202 reviews. The volume of research publications in this field has shown significant growth since 2012. The United States leads in contributions, with 239 articles (24.3% of the total) and the highest number of citations at 18,403, along with the highest total link strength. The University of Melbourne in Australia stands out with 25 published articles (2.5% of the total). University of Verona in Italy has the most citations at 9,405, and Monash University in Australia has the highest total link strength at 53. Among prolific authors, John A. Batsis from Duke University is the most productive with 24 articles (2.4% of the total). The journal "Nutrients" has the most articles on sarcopenic obesity in older adults, publishing 54 articles (5.5% of the total). Key topics in this area include sarcopenia, obesity, sarcopenic obesity, and elderly. Recent interventions focus on "nutrition" and "exercise" for sarcopenic obesity in older adults. Conclusions Research on sarcopenic obesity in older adults has seen significant growth on a global scale from 2004 to 2023, indicating a promising area for further study with potential benefits from current advancements. Although academic inquiries have shed light on various aspects of sarcopenic obesity in older adults, there remains a noticeable dearth of clinical research and evidence-based medicine on the effective management of this condition in elderly individuals. Future studies could focus on developing tailored interventions for older adults with sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, CHN
| | - Xuan Qu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, CHN
| | - Haokang Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, CHN
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, CHN
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Sidhu SS, Saggar K, Goyal O, Kishore H, Sidhu SS. Normative values of skeletal muscle mass, strength and performance in the Indian population. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024; 43:628-637. [PMID: 38758434 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-024-01565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Skeletal muscle is characterized by its mass, strength and performance. These normative values are pivotal in defining sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is associated with poor outcome of numerous medical and surgical conditions. This study aimed to establish normative benchmarks for skeletal muscle mass, strength and performance within the context of the Asian (Indian) population. METHODS Our investigation utilized the computed tomography (CT) skeletal muscle index (SMI), handgrip strength (HGS), gait velocity and chair-stand test to construct reference values for muscle characteristics in the Indian population. RESULTS The SMI analysis incorporated 1485 cases of acute abdomen (54.7%) males). The calculated SMI (kg/m2) was 38.50 (35.05-42.30) in males and 36.30 (32.20-41.20) in females (p = 0.510). The study also involved 3083 healthy individuals (67.6% males) evaluated for muscle strength and performance between August 2017 and August 2018. Notably, HGS (kg force) was recorded at 34.95 (26.50-43.30) in males and 25.50 (18.60-31.20) in females (p < 0.001). Gait velocity (metres/second) exhibited values of 1.25 (1.04-1.56) in males and 1.24 (1.03-1.56) in females (p = 0.851). Additionally, chair-stand test (seconds) results were 10.00 (9.00-13.00) in males and 12.00 (10.00-14.00) in females (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The investigation determined that males had greater muscle strength and performance than females. But gender wise, there was no significant difference in muscle mass. Interestingly, our population's muscle parameters were consistently lower compared to western literature benchmarks. These normative values will help to define sarcopenia parameters in our population, which have prognostic value in multiple ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Singh Sidhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, 141 001, India.
| | - Kavita Saggar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, 141 001, India
| | - Omesh Goyal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, 141 001, India
| | - Harsh Kishore
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, 141 001, India
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10
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Guglielmi V, Dalle Grave R, Leonetti F, Solini A. Female obesity: clinical and psychological assessment toward the best treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1349794. [PMID: 38765954 PMCID: PMC11099266 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1349794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a heterogeneous condition which results from complex interactions among sex/gender, sociocultural, environmental, and biological factors. Obesity is more prevalent in women in most developed countries, and several clinical and psychological obesity complications show sex-specific patterns. Females differ regarding fat distribution, with males tending to store more visceral fat, which is highly correlated to increased cardiovascular risk. Although women are more likely to be diagnosed with obesity and appear more motivated to lose weight, as confirmed by their greater representation in clinical trials, males show better outcomes in terms of body weight and intra-abdominal fat loss and improvements in the metabolic risk profile. However, only a few relatively recent studies have investigated gender differences in obesity, and sex/gender is rarely considered in the assessment and management of the disease. This review summarizes the evidence of gender differences in obesity prevalence, contributing factors, clinical complications, and psychological challenges. In addition, we explored gender differences in response to obesity treatments in the specific context of new anti-obesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guglielmi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Obesity Center, Department of Systems Medicine, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dalle Grave
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, VR, Italy
| | - Frida Leonetti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Zhu Z, Bai H, Li Z, Fan M, Li G, Chen L. Association of the oxidative balance score with obesity and body composition among young and middle-aged adults. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1373709. [PMID: 38751744 PMCID: PMC11095126 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1373709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The oxidative balance score (OBS) is important for determining the cause of obesity and its complications. We aimed to evaluate the association between OBS and obesity and other segmental body composition parameters among young and middle-aged U.S. adults. Methods 9,998 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018 were included. Lean mass percentage (LM%) and FM% were evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Obesity was defined as body FM% ≥25% in men and ≥ 35% in women. The OBS was scored by 5 pro-oxidant and 21 antioxidant factors. Associations of quartiles of OBS with obesity risk were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. Multivariable linear regression was conducted to estimate the association between OBS and segmental body composition measures including the arm LM%, leg LM%, torso LM%, whole LM%, arm FM%, leg FM%, torso FM% and total FM%. Results Compared to participants in the lowest quartile of OBS, those in the highest quartile of OBS were associated with a lower risk of BMI-defined obesity BMI-defined obesity [0.43 (0.36, 0.50)] and FM%-related obesity [0.43 (0.35, 0.52)]. Additionally, OBS was negatively associated with FM% of the limb and torso but positively associated with the percentage of lean mass (LM%) of the limb and trunk. Conclusion OBS was negatively associated with the risk of obesity and segmental FM%, but was positively associated with segmental LM% among US adults, indicating that adhering to an anti-oxidative diet and lifestyle management may be beneficial for preventing segmental obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Nutrition, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Miaomiao Fan
- Department of Health, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Liyong Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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12
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Liu C, Li N, Sheng D, Shao Y, Qiu L, Shen C, Liu Z. Increased visceral fat area to skeletal muscle mass ratio is positively associated with the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in a Chinese population. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:104. [PMID: 38616253 PMCID: PMC11016208 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis and comprehension of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently redefined as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are gaining a better understanding. In this study, we examined the association between visceral fat area and skeletal muscle mass ratio (VSR) and the prevalence of MASLD in a Chinese population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 10,916 individuals who underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis, along with anthropometric and biochemical measurements, from January 2022 to June 2023. According to the VSR distribution, sex-specific quartiles of VSR within the study population were defined. Linear trend tests were performed for the categorized VSR variables. Logistic regression models were performed to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals between VSR distribution and MASLD prevalence stratified by sex. RESULTS The prevalence of MASLD was 37.94% in the overall population (56.34% male), and it gradually increased with higher VSR levels in both genders (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between VSR and MASLD prevalence after adjusting for confounders. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for MASLD, comparing the lowest to the highest VSR quartile, was 3.159 (2.671, 3.736) for men and 2.230 (1.764, 2.819) for women (all P < 0.001). Restricted cubic splines also indicated significant non-linear relationships between VSR and MASLD prevalence. CONCLUSIONS VSR is positively associated with the prevalence of MASLD in this Chinese population, with a notably higher risk for men as VSR increases compared to women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbing Liu
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Di Sheng
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yahong Shao
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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13
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Hahm JH, Nirmala FS, Ha TY, Ahn J. Nutritional approaches targeting mitochondria for the prevention of sarcopenia. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:676-694. [PMID: 37475189 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A decline in function and loss of mass, a condition known as sarcopenia, is observed in the skeletal muscles with aging. Sarcopenia has a negative effect on the quality of life of elderly. Individuals with sarcopenia are at particular risk for adverse outcomes, such as reduced mobility, fall-related injuries, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although the pathogenesis of sarcopenia is multifaceted, mitochondrial dysfunction is regarded as a major contributor for muscle aging. Hence, the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function during aging is imperative for sarcopenia treatment. However, effective and specific drugs that can be used for the treatment are not yet approved. Instead studies on the relationship between food intake and muscle aging have suggested that nutritional intake or dietary control could be an alternative approach for the amelioration of muscle aging. This narrative review approaches various nutritional components and diets as a treatment for sarcopenia by modulating mitochondrial homeostasis and improving mitochondria. Age-related changes in mitochondrial function and the molecular mechanisms that help improve mitochondrial homeostasis are discussed, and the nutritional components and diet that modulate these molecular mechanisms are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Hahm
- Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Farida S Nirmala
- Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, South Korea
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, South Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, South Korea
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14
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Benz E, Pinel A, Guillet C, Capel F, Pereira B, De Antonio M, Pouget M, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Eglseer D, Topinkova E, Barazzoni R, Rivadeneira F, Ikram MA, Steur M, Voortman T, Schoufour JD, Weijs PJM, Boirie Y. Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and Mortality Among Older People. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e243604. [PMID: 38526491 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Sarcopenia and obesity are 2 global concerns associated with adverse health outcomes in older people. Evidence on the population-based prevalence of the combination of sarcopenia with obesity (sarcopenic obesity [SO]) and its association with mortality are still limited. Objective To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and SO and their association with all-cause mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants This large-scale, population-based cohort study assessed participants from the Rotterdam Study from March 1, 2009, to June 1, 2014. Associations of sarcopenia and SO with all-cause mortality were studied using Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox proportional hazards regression, and accelerated failure time models fitted for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Data analysis was performed from January 1 to April 1, 2023. Exposures The prevalence of sarcopenia and SO, measured based on handgrip strength and body composition (BC) (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) as recommended by current consensus criteria, with probable sarcopenia defined as having low handgrip strength and confirmed sarcopenia and SO defined as altered BC (high fat percentage and/or low appendicular skeletal muscle index) in addition to low handgrip strength. Main Outcome and Measure The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, collected using linked mortality data from general practitioners and the central municipal records, until October 2022. Results In the total population of 5888 participants (mean [SD] age, 69.5 [9.1] years; mean [SD] BMI, 27.5 [4.3]; 3343 [56.8%] female), 653 (11.1%; 95% CI, 10.3%-11.9%) had probable sarcopenia and 127 (2.2%; 95% CI, 1.8%-2.6%) had confirmed sarcopenia. Sarcopenic obesity with 1 altered component of BC was present in 295 participants (5.0%; 95% CI, 4.4%-5.6%) and with 2 altered components in 44 participants (0.8%; 95% CI, 0.6%-1.0%). An increased risk of all-cause mortality was observed in participants with probable sarcopenia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.14-1.47) and confirmed sarcopenia (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.53-2.43). Participants with SO plus 1 altered component of BC (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.60-2.33]) or 2 altered components of BC (HR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.97-4.11) had a higher risk of mortality than those without SO. Similar results for SO were obtained for participants with a BMI of 27 or greater. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, sarcopenia and SO were found to be prevalent phenotypes in older people and were associated with all-cause mortality. Additional alterations of BC amplified this risk independently of age, sex, and BMI. The use of low muscle strength as a first step of both diagnoses may allow for early identification of individuals at risk for premature mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Benz
- Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont Auvergne University, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Pinel
- Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont Auvergne University, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont Auvergne University, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frederic Capel
- Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont Auvergne University, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Unit of Biostatistics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie De Antonio
- Unit of Biostatistics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Melanie Pouget
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Doris Eglseer
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Topinkova
- Department of Geriatrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Technological and Translational Sciences, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marinka Steur
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josje D Schoufour
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yves Boirie
- Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont Auvergne University, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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15
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Huang SW, Lee YH, Liao CD, Escorpizo R, Liou TH, Lin HW. Association of physical functional activity impairment with severity of sarcopenic obesity: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3787. [PMID: 38360804 PMCID: PMC10869697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
We aim to clarify the relationship between low skeletal muscle mass and varying levels of adiposity and to identify the types of physical function impairments associated with sarcopenic obesity (SO). This study examined cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. The data included age, gender, DXA-assessed body composition, and physical functional activity with performing daily tasks by questionnaire. We subdivided the data by body composition into a non-SO group and a SO group (ASMI 0-49.99% and FMI of 50-100%), after which the SO data were subdivided into three classes. A higher class indicated higher adiposity and lower muscle mass. The physical function impairment of the two groups was compared. Our study examined 7161 individuals, of which 4907 did not have SO and 2254 had SO, and their data were further divided into three classes (i.e., class I, 826 individuals; class II, 1300 individuals; and class III, 128 individuals). Significant differences in demographics and DXA parameters were identified between the non-SO and SO groups (P < 0.001); the individuals with SO were older, included more women, and exhibited high adiposity and less lean muscle mass. The individuals with class III SO exhibited greater differences and reported more difficulty in performing daily activities. The individuals with class III SO exhibited the most severe physical function impairment. Our study highlights the considerable difficulties encountered by individuals with SO in performing daily activities. Given this finding, customized rehabilitation strategies should be implemented to improve the quality of life of individuals with SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-De Liao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Reuben Escorpizo
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Tsan-Hon Liou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.
- Department of Mathematics, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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16
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Debes WA, Sadaqa M, Németh Z, Aldardour A, Prémusz V, Hock M. Effect of Resistance Exercise on Body Composition and Functional Capacity in Older Women with Sarcopenic Obesity-A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:441. [PMID: 38256574 PMCID: PMC10817090 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance exercise has shown effectiveness in reducing various risk factors related to sarcopenic obesity (SO) compared to other types of exercise, e.g., aerobic exercise. OBJECTIVE This systematic review evaluates the effect of resistance exercise on body composition, muscular strength, and functional capacity among older women with sarcopenic obesity aged ≥ 60 years. METHODS This systematic review is registered on PROSPERO (registration No. CRD42023394603) and follows the PRISMA guidelines. The following electronic databases were used to search the literature: Pedro, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. We included only RCTs that investigated the effect of resistance exercise on body composition and functional capacity. Two independent reviewers conducted the process of study selection and data extraction. RESULTS The search strategy retrieved 687 results. One hundred and twenty-six records were deleted as duplicates. Consequently, 534 studies were excluded after the title/abstract assessment. After further detailed evaluation of twenty-seven full texts, seven RCTs were included; all the RCTs examined the isolated effect of resistance exercise in women with sarcopenic obesity. The included studies comprised 306 participants, with an average age of 64 to 72 years. We noticed a trend of improvement in the included studies among the intervention groups compared to the control groups among the different outcomes. The study protocol was inconsistent for the intervention settings, duration, and outcomes. Including a modest number of trials made it impossible to perform data meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneity among studies regarding training protocols and the outcome measures reported limited robust conclusions. Still, resistance exercise intervention can improve body composition and functional capacity among elderly women with sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam A. Debes
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (W.A.D.); (M.S.); (Z.N.); (M.H.)
| | - Munseef Sadaqa
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (W.A.D.); (M.S.); (Z.N.); (M.H.)
| | - Zsanett Németh
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (W.A.D.); (M.S.); (Z.N.); (M.H.)
| | - Ahmad Aldardour
- Physical Therapy Department, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar;
| | - Viktória Prémusz
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary
- Physical Activity Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Márta Hock
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (W.A.D.); (M.S.); (Z.N.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary
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17
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Furtado GE, Narici MV, Dwolatzky T. Editorial: Molecular and physiological aspects of sarcopenia in the older person: mechanisms, diagnostics and therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1330893. [PMID: 38235269 PMCID: PMC10792001 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1330893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Applied Research Institute, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Centre for Natural Resources Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco Vincenzo Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tzvi Dwolatzky
- Geriatric Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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18
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Wood BS, Batchek DJ, Lynch DH, Spangler HB, Gross DC, Petersen CL, Batsis JA. Impact of EASO/ESPEN-Defined Sarcopenic Obesity Following a Technology-Based Weight Loss Intervention. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:60-73. [PMID: 37758867 PMCID: PMC11193940 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic Obesity is the co-existence of increased adipose tissue (obesity) and decreased muscle mass or strength (sarcopenia) and is associated with worse outcomes than obesity alone. The new EASO/ESPEN consensus provides a framework to standardize its definition. This study sought to evaluate whether there are preliminary differences observed in weight loss or physical function in older adults with and without sarcopenic obesity taking part in a multicomponent weight loss intervention using these new definitions. METHODS A 6-month, non-randomized, non-blinded, single-arm pilot study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in adults ≥ 65 years with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. Weekly dietitian visits and twice-weekly physical therapist-led exercise classes were delivered using telemedicine. We conducted a secondary retrospective analysis of the parent study (n = 53 enrolled, n = 44 completers) that investigated the feasibility of a technology-based weight management intervention in rural older adults with obesity. Herein, we applied five definitions of sarcopenic obesity (outlined in the consensus) to ascertain whether the response to the intervention differed among those with and without sarcopenic obesity. Primary outcomes evaluated included weight loss and physical function (30-s sit-to-stand). RESULTS In the parent study, mean weight loss was - 4.6 kg (95% CI - 3.6, - 5.6; p < 0.001). Physical function measures of 30-s sit-to-stand showed a mean increase of 3.1 in sit-to-stand repetitions (+ 1.9, + 4.3; p < 0.001). In this current analysis, there was a significant decrease in weight and an increase in repetitions between baseline and follow-up within each group of individuals with and without sarcopenia for each of the proposed definitions. However, we did not observe any significant differences in the changes between groups from baseline to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The potential lack of significant differences in weight loss or physical function between older adults with and without sarcopenic obesity participating in a weight loss intervention may suggest that well-designed, multicomponent interventions can lead to similar outcomes irrespective of sarcopenia status in persons with obesity. Fully powered randomized clinical trials are critically needed to confirm these preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Wood
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dakota J Batchek
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 5017 Old Clinic Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David H Lynch
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hillary B Spangler
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Danae C Gross
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 5017 Old Clinic Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Curtis L Petersen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John A Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 5017 Old Clinic Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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19
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Wei L, Zeng J, Fan M, Chen B, Li X, Li Y, Xu S. Associations between handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study of the UK Biobank. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13464. [PMID: 37608605 PMCID: PMC10809293 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To explore the associations between handgrip strength (HGS) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were obtained from the UK Biobank. Baseline survey was conducted between 2006 and 2010, and followed up for a median of 12.52 years. HGS was measured using dynamometer, and SMM was measured using bioelectrical impedance method. Mortality was available via links to the National Health Service Information Centre. Sex-specific analyses were conducted. RESULTS A total of 13 392 T2DM participants were included, with a mean age of 60.39 years and 52.35% men. During the follow-up, there were 3006 (22.45%) deaths, including 746 (5.57%) CVD deaths. The risk for all-cause mortality and CVD mortality among both men and women increased progressively with decreasing HGS quartiles (p trend <.05). A 1 SD decrease in HGS was found to both increase the all-cause risk (HR: 1.31 [95% CI: 1.24-1.38]) and CVD mortality risk (HR: 1.35 [95% CI: 1.22-1.50]) for men, and all-cause risk (HR: 1.26 [95% CI: 1.11-1.42]) and CVD mortality risk (HR: 1.43 [95% CI: 1.09-1.89]) for women. There was no statistically significant trend association between SMM/height2 and mortality risk, and the restricted cubic regression splines indicated that SMM/height2 showed a U-shaped nonlinear relationship (pnonlinear <.05). CONCLUSIONS Grip strength displayed a linear downward trend with mortality risk among T2DM patients, whereas muscle mass showed a U-shaped relationship. Low grip strength seemed to be a better predictor for mortality compared to low muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqi Wei
- College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science & TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of EndocrinologyXiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyangChina
| | - Jingjing Zeng
- Center for Clinical Evidence‐Based and Translational MedicineXiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyangChina
| | - Menglin Fan
- Center for Clinical Evidence‐Based and Translational MedicineXiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyangChina
| | - Bo Chen
- Center for Clinical Evidence‐Based and Translational MedicineXiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyangChina
| | - Xiaying Li
- College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science & TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of EndocrinologyXiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyangChina
| | - Ying Li
- College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science & TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of EndocrinologyXiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyangChina
| | - Shaoyong Xu
- Department of EndocrinologyXiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyangChina
- Center for Clinical Evidence‐Based and Translational MedicineXiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyangChina
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20
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Diago-Galmés A, Guillamon-Escudero C, Tenías-Burillo JM, Soriano JM, Fernández-Garrido J. Sarcopenic Obesity in Community-Dwelling Spanish Adults Older than 65 Years. Nutrients 2023; 15:4932. [PMID: 38068790 PMCID: PMC10708010 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is diagnosed when sarcopenia and obesity coexist in patients. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of SO under different diagnostic criteria in community-dwelling Spanish adults aged over 65 years residing in Valencia (Spain). The research was conducted as an observational and cross-sectional study with a sample size of 202 subjects. To diagnose sarcopenia, we used the tests proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People in 2019 (EWGSOP2): SARC-F, grip strength, sit-to-stand, gait speed, Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass (ASMM), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). For obesity diagnosis, we used body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), total body fat percentage (%TBF), and tricipital skinfold (TS). The prevalence of SO was 16.5% in women and 29% in men, according to any of the diagnostic criteria used to determine obesity. A higher proportion of SO was observed as age increased in both groups, although no significant differences were found. Most values obtained in tests related to SO diagnosis were worse in the group affected by the disease; however, there were two exceptions related to the amount of ASMM. In total, 18.8% of the participants presented SO according to any diagnostic criteria related to obesity. Our results suggest significant differences in the number of SO cases depending on diagnostic criteria used to determine the participants' obesity. BMI, WC, and TBF% were shown as principal variables to be included in obesity diagnosis within the SO construct. These findings underscore the need to unify criteria to standardize the diagnosis of SO in the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jose M. Soriano
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 43617 Valencia, Spain;
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Fernández-Garrido
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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21
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Kwak HJ, Kim J, Kim SY, Park S, Choi J, Kim SH. Moracin E and M isolated from Morus alba Linné induced the skeletal muscle cell proliferation via PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20570. [PMID: 37996535 PMCID: PMC10667267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Twigs of Morus alba have been used in traditional medicine to treat muscle-related symptoms such as aches, numbness, and stiffness. Despite its clinical use in traditional medicine, its active compounds and mode of action have not yet been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to isolate the compounds from the twigs of M. alba and deduce active compounds, key gene targets, and mechanism of action against sarcopenia using network pharmacology analysis. Using various isolation techniques and spectroscopic methods, 43 phytochemicals, including 3 new flavonoids, were isolated and performed network pharmacology analysis. According to the computational-assistant analysis, 28 compounds, 9 genes, and the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway were deduced as expected active compounds (EAC), key targets, and the main signaling pathway. To verify the predicted results, the cell proliferation activities of the EAC were evaluated. Especially, moracin E and M significantly increased by 130% (p < 0.001) and 57% (p < 0.05), respectively, which have more than 2- and 1.5-fold stronger effects compared to the control. Furthermore, both increased the expression level of proteins involved in the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway and myogenic proteins, including myogenin and MyoD. This study demonstrated that moracin E and M exhibit cell proliferative effects on skeletal muscle cells through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jae Kwak
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Seo-Young Kim
- Division of Practical Application, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo, 58762, South Korea
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.
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22
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Cisterna B, Lofaro FD, Lacavalla MA, Boschi F, Malatesta M, Quaglino D, Zancanaro C, Boraldi F. Aged gastrocnemius muscle of mice positively responds to a late onset adapted physical training. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1273309. [PMID: 38020923 PMCID: PMC10679468 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1273309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A regular physical training is known to contribute to preserve muscle mass and strength, maintaining structure and function of neural and vascular compartments and preventing muscle insulin resistance and inflammation. However, physical activity is progressively reduced during aging causing mobility limitations and poor quality of life. Although physical exercise for rehabilitation purposes (e.g., after fractures or cardiovascular events) or simply aiming to counteract the development of sarcopenia is frequently advised by physicians, nevertheless few data are available on the targets and the global effects on the muscle organ of adapted exercise especially if started at old age. Methods: To contribute answering this question for medical translational purposes, the proteomic profile of the gastrocnemius muscle was analyzed in 24-month-old mice undergoing adapted physical training on a treadmill for 12 weeks or kept under a sedentary lifestyle condition. Proteomic data were implemented by morphological and morphometrical ultrastructural evaluations. Results and Discussion: Data demonstrate that muscles can respond to adapted physical training started at old age, positively modulating their morphology and the proteomic profile fostering protective and saving mechanisms either involving the extracellular compartment as well as muscle cell components and pathways (i.e., mitochondrial processes, cytoplasmic translation pathways, chaperone-dependent protein refolding, regulation of skeletal muscle contraction). Therefore, this study provides important insights on the targets of adapted physical training, which can be regarded as suitable benchmarks for future in vivo studies further exploring the effects of this type of physical activity by functional/metabolic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cisterna
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Maria Assunta Lacavalla
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Zancanaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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23
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Tian X, Pan M, Zhou M, Tang Q, Chen M, Hong W, Zhao F, Liu K. Mitochondria Transplantation from Stem Cells for Mitigating Sarcopenia. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1700-1713. [PMID: 37196123 PMCID: PMC10529753 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as the age-related loss of muscle mass and function that can lead to prolonged hospital stays and decreased independence. It is a significant health and financial burden for individuals, families, and society as a whole. The accumulation of damaged mitochondria in skeletal muscle contributes to the degeneration of muscles with age. Currently, the treatment of sarcopenia is limited to improving nutrition and physical activity. Studying effective methods to alleviate and treat sarcopenia to improve the quality of life and lifespan of older people is a growing area of interest in geriatric medicine. Therapies targeting mitochondria and restoring mitochondrial function are promising treatment strategies. This article provides an overview of stem cell transplantation for sarcopenia, including the mitochondrial delivery pathway and the protective role of stem cells. It also highlights recent advances in preclinical and clinical research on sarcopenia and presents a new treatment method involving stem cell-derived mitochondrial transplantation, outlining its advantages and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Tian
- Department of Nursing, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Mengxiong Pan
- Department of Neurology, First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mengting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiaomin Tang
- Department of Nursing, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenwu Hong
- Department of Neurology, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Tiantai, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fangling Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Kaiming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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24
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Ulugerger Avci G, Bektan Kanat B, Can G, Suzan V, Unal D, Degirmenci P, Avci S, Yavuzer H, Erdincler DS, Doventas A. The impact of sarcopenia and obesity on mortality of older adults: five years results. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:2209-2216. [PMID: 37202585 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM Sarcopenia and obesity can cause severe physical and metabolic complications. We aimed to investigate the risk of mortality associated with sarcopenia and obesity in older adults. METHOD We designed a retrospective, observational cohort study showing the 5-year mortality of older patients in a tertiary geriatric outpatient clinic. Sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, anthropometric measurements, medications, and comorbidities were recorded. Sarcopenia was evaluated with skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength, and gait speed. We defined sarcopenic obesity as sarcopenia plus obesity (as a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2). We classified the participants into four groups according to whether they were sarcopenic and/or obese: non-sarcopenic non-obese, non-sarcopenic obese, sarcopenic non-obese, and sarcopenic obese. The final overall survival of the patients was obtained from the hospital data system. RESULTS Of the 175 patients, the mean age was 76.1 ± 6.4, and the majority were female (n = 120). Sixty-eight had sarcopenia (39%). The prevalence of obesity was 27%. Thirty-eight patients had died within five years (22%). The mortality rate was significantly higher in the oldest (age 85 and above) and sarcopenic groups (p < 0.001, 0.004, respectively). The mortality rate was highest in the sarcopenic obese group (40.9%). Age (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07-1.19, p: < 0.001), sarcopenic obesity (HR: 4.85, 95% CI: 1.91-12.31, p: 0.001), sarcopenia (HR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.15-4.43, p: 0.018) and obesity (HR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.11-4.17, p: 0.023) were independently associated with mortality at 5 years. The Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log-Rank test showed that sarcopenic obese patients had the highest cumulative mortality incidence rates. CONCLUSION Sarcopenic-obese participants had the highest mortality incidence compared to those without obesity or sarcopenia. In addition, the presence of sarcopenia or obesity alone also had a significant role in mortality risk. So, we should especially focus on maintaining or increasing muscle mass and preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulru Ulugerger Avci
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bahar Bektan Kanat
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunay Can
- Department of Public Health, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Veysel Suzan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Damla Unal
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pelin Degirmenci
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suna Avci
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yavuzer
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Suna Erdincler
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Doventas
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Preda A, Carbone F, Tirandi A, Montecucco F, Liberale L. Obesity phenotypes and cardiovascular risk: From pathophysiology to clinical management. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:901-919. [PMID: 37358728 PMCID: PMC10492705 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity epidemic reached the dimensions of a real global health crisis with more than one billion people worldwide living with obesity. Multiple obesity-related mechanisms cause structural, functional, humoral, and hemodynamic alterations with cardiovascular (CV) deleterious effects. A correct assessment of the cardiovascular risk in people with obesity is critical for reducing mortality and preserving quality of life. The correct identification of the obesity status remains difficult as recent evidence suggest that different phenotypes of obesity exist, each one associated with different degrees of CV risk. Diagnosis of obesity cannot depend only on anthropometric parameters but should include a precise assessment of the metabolic status. Recently, the World Heart Federation and World Obesity Federation provided an action plan for management of obesity-related CV risk and mortality, stressing for the instauration of comprehensive structured programs encompassing multidisciplinary teams. In this review we aim at providing an updated summary regarding the different obesity phenotypes, their specific effects on CV risk and differences in clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Carbone
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Amedeo Tirandi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Luca Liberale
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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Şahin MEH, Akbaş F, Yardimci AH, Şahin E. The effect of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity on survival in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:911. [PMID: 37770828 PMCID: PMC10537530 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity arises from increased muscle catabolism triggered by inflammation and inactivity. Its significance lies in its role in contributing to morbidity and mortality in gastric cancer. This study aims to explore the potential correlation between sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and gastric cancer, as well as their effect on survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 162 patients aged ≥ 18 years who were diagnosed with stomach cancer. Patient age, gender, diagnostic laboratory results, and cancer characteristics were documented. Sarcopenia was assessed using the skeletal muscle index (SMI) (cm2/m2), calculated by measuring muscle mass area from a cross-sectional image at the L3 vertebra level of computed tomography (CT). RESULTS Among the 162 patients, 52.5% exhibited sarcopenia (with cut-off limits of 52.4 cm2/m2 for males and 38.5 cm2/m2 for females), and 4.9% showed sarcopenic obesity. Average skeletal muscle area (SMA) was 146.8 cm2; SMI was 50.6 cm2/m2 in men and 96.9 cm2 and 40.6 cm2/m2 in women, respectively. Sarcopenia significantly reduced mean survival (p = 0.033). There was no association between sarcopenic obesity and mortality (p > 0.05), but mortality was higher in sarcopenic obesity patients (p = 0.041). Patient weight acted as a protective factor against mortality, supporting the obesity paradox. Tumor characteristics, metabolic parameters, and concurrent comorbidities did not significantly impact sarcopenia or mortality. CONCLUSION Sarcopenia is more prevalent in the elderly population and is linked to increased mortality in gastric cancer patients. Paradoxically, higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with improved survival. Computed tomography offers a practical and reliable method for measuring muscle mass and distinguishing these distinctions. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by Istanbul Training and Research Hospital Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the University of Health Sciences (29.05.2020/2383).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feray Akbaş
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, 34098, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aytul Hande Yardimci
- Aytul Hande Yardimci, Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Başakşehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, 34480, Başakşehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eren Şahin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Akdeniz University, 07070, Konyaaltı, Antalya, Turkey
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27
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Gross DC, Cheever CR, Batsis JA. Understanding the development of sarcopenic obesity. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:469-488. [PMID: 37840295 PMCID: PMC10842411 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2267672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenic obesity (SarcO) is defined as the confluence of reduced muscle mass and function and excess body fat. The scientific community is increasingly recognizing this syndrome, which affects a subgroup of persons across their lifespans and places them at synergistically higher risk of significant medical comorbidity and disability than either sarcopenia or obesity alone. Joint efforts in clinical and research settings are imperative to better understand this syndrome and drive the development of urgently needed future interventions. AREAS COVERED Herein, we describe the ongoing challenges in defining sarcopenic obesity and the current state of the science regarding its epidemiology and relationship with adverse events. The field has demonstrated an emergence of data over the past decade which we will summarize in this article. While the etiology of sarcopenic obesity is complex, we present data on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that are hypothesized to promote its development, including age-related changes in body composition, hormonal changes, chronic inflammation, and genetic predisposition. EXPERT OPINION We describe emerging areas of future research that will likely be needed to advance this nascent field, including changes in clinical infrastructure, an enhanced understanding of the lifecourse, and potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae C. Gross
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - C. Ray Cheever
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John A. Batsis
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Zhang WN, Zhu H, Ma ZW, Yu J, Yang Y, Lu XB, Lv YF, Wang XD. Subcutaneous adipose tissue alteration in aging process associated with thyroid hormone signaling. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:202. [PMID: 37626392 PMCID: PMC10463827 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) occur earlier in the aging process and play an important role in the occurrence and development of age-related metabolic diseases. The mechanism of this phenomenon is still unclear, and the change in adipose tissue with age is poorly understood. METHODS We used transcriptome sequencing (RNA seq) to screen differentially expressed genes at the mRNA level, and analyzed the functional characteristics of the differential genes through GO and KEGG analysis in human SAT of all ages. In order to clarify the specific mechanism of the functional change, we analyzed the chromatin accessibility in the promoter region in the same SAT used in the RNA seq by the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) and obtained the functional genes in SAT changed with age. To verify these changes, we enlarged our sample content of human SAT. The primary mice adipocytes were extracted and stimulated by thyroid hormone of different concentration to construct an animal model, and the expression of the genes were determined through real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction(RT-PCR). The oxygen consumption test and immunofluorescence staining were used to determine the mitochondrial function of SAT. RESULTS RNA-seq showed characteristic gene expression of young and old human SAT, in which 331 genes were up-regulated and 349 genes were down-regulated. ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, combined with the mouse prediction model, determined the functional changed characteristics of seven genes. All these genes expressed differently in SAT of different ages, in which, NCF1, NLRP3, DUOX1 showed positive correlation with age; The expression of IFI30, P2RX1, P2RX6, PRODH, however, decreased with age. And all these genes showed dose dependent alternations under treatment of triiodothyroxine in mice SAT. The oxygen consumption rate revealed significant changes of the mitochondrial function and ROS accumulation in human SAT of different ages. CONCLUSION In elderly individuals, the function, in addition to distribution, of SAT undergoes significant changes, primarily in mitochondria, which may be due to insensitivity to thyroid hormone signaling. These results identified seven novel genes regulated by thyroid hormone, exhibiting significant changes in SAT of different age, and are probably related to the dysfunction of the aged SAT due to the mitochondrial damage and ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Na Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhen-Wu Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xuan-Bei Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yi-Fan Lv
- Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Crispim Carvalho NN, Martins VJB, Filho JM, de Arruda Neta ADCP, Pimenta FCF, de Brito Alves JL. Effects of preoperative sarcopenia-related parameters on the musculoskeletal and metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery: a one-year longitudinal study in females. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13373. [PMID: 37591922 PMCID: PMC10435473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced muscle mass and/or strength are risk factors for metabolic and musculoskeletal impairment. The present study evaluated anthropometric, metabolic, and musculoskeletal outcomes in females with and without sarcopenic-obesity parameters who underwent bariatric surgery during a 1-year follow-up. A prospective, single-center cohort study was conducted in females with obesity undergoing preoperative evaluation for surgery. In the preoperative period, females were allocated into obesity with sarcopenic-obesity parameters (SOP group, n = 15) and without sarcopenic-obesity parameters (obesity group, n = 21). Sarcopenic obesity parameters were defined as lower appendicular skeletal mass adjusted for weight (ASM/wt) and/or low handgrip strength (HGS). Anthropometric, metabolic, and musculoskeletal parameters were assessed before surgery and at 3 months, 6 months, and a 1-year after bariatric surgery. Weight loss was similar between groups (p > 0.05). Weight, body mass index, fat mass, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass, fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, HGS were reduced in both groups during the 1-year follow-up (p < 0.05). However, when muscle mass and strength were analyzed relative to body size, an improvement after bariatric surgery was found in both groups (p < 0.05). Total cholesterol, LDL-c, triglycerides, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, and insulin resistance were reduced in both groups during the 1-year follow-up (p < 0.05). In addition, HDL-c serum concentration increased in females with and without sarcopenic-obesity parameters over the 1-year follow-up (p < 0.05). Both groups had decreased bone mineral density (BMD) at all sites (lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femur) over the 1-year follow-up (p < 0.05). The highest quartile of ASM/wt was positively associated with BMD variables in a longitudinal analysis, suggesting that preserved ASM/wt in pre-surgery may be beneficial for BMD after 1 year of bariatric surgery. The results showed that bariatric surgery promotes similar musculoskeletal and metabolic changes in females with preserved muscle mass and strength or in females with sarcopenia-related parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Nóbrega Crispim Carvalho
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I - Jd. Cidade Universitária, Joao Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
- Department of Endocrinology, Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Vinícius José Baccin Martins
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I - Jd. Cidade Universitária, Joao Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - João Modesto Filho
- Department of Endocrinology, Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I - Jd. Cidade Universitária, Joao Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil.
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30
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Lu W, Feng W, Lai J, Yuan D, Xiao W, Li Y. Role of adipokines in sarcopenia. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1794-1804. [PMID: 37442757 PMCID: PMC10406092 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sarcopenia is an age-related disease that mainly involves decreases in muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function. At the same time, the body fat content increases with aging, especially the visceral fat content. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes biologically active factors called adipokines, which act on local and distant tissues. Studies have revealed that some adipokines exert regulatory effects on muscle, such as higher serum leptin levels causing a decrease in muscle function and adiponectin inhibits the transcriptional activity of Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) by activating peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator -1α (PGC-1α) and sensitizing cells to insulin, thereby repressing atrophy-related genes (atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger 1 [MuRF1]) to prevent the loss of muscle mass. Here, we describe the effects on muscle of adipokines produced by adipose tissue, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, mucin and lipocalin-2, and discuss the importance of these adipokines for understanding the development of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wenjie Feng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jieyu Lai
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Dongliang Yuan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Ji SJ, Qian ZH, Hu PY, Chen FY. Age-dependent Changes in Skeletal Muscle Mass and Visceral Fat Area in a Chinese Population. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:838-844. [PMID: 37326887 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to demonstrate the age-dependent changes in skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area in a population of Chinese adults aged 30-92 years old. METHODS A total of 6669 healthy Chinese men and 4494 healthy Chinese women aged 30-92 years old were assessed for their skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area. RESULTS The results showed age-dependent decreases in the total skeletal muscle mass indexes in both men and women aged 40-92 years old as well as age-dependent increases in the visceral fat area in men aged 30-92 years old and in women aged 30-80 years old. Multivariate regression models showed that the total skeletal muscle mass index was positively associated with the body mass index and negatively associated with the age and visceral fat area in both sexes. CONCLUSION The loss of skeletal muscle mass becomes obvious at approximately 50 years of age, and the visceral fat area commences to increase at approximately 40 years of age in this Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Ji
- Health Management Center, Health Promotion Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Zhan-Hong Qian
- Health Management Center, Health Promotion Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Pei-Ying Hu
- Health Management Center, Health Promotion Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Fang-Yao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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32
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Zhi J, Jiāo B, Qing S, Liang L. Factors associated with low skeletal muscle index among patients with Crohn's disease. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20221606. [PMID: 37466589 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20221606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disease-related skeletal muscle loss is highly prevalent among patients with Crohn's disease. Low skeletal muscle mass lead to disability and interventions to prevent skeletal mass loss as an effective strategy to prevent disability. The aim of this article was to identify the factor associated with skeletal muscle loss of Crohn's disease and seek for management target for the prevention of sarcopenia-related disability. METHODS Patients with Crohn's disease were divided into low and normal skeletal muscle mass groups based on L3 skeletal muscle index using abdominal CT scans. The clinical and laboratory parameters and colonoscopy were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate regression logistic models were built to identify the prognostic markers of Crohn's disease-associated muscle loss. RESULTS A total of 191 Crohn's disease patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 116 (60.73%) were detected to have low L3 skeletal muscle index, including 71 (68.26%) males. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR: 1.031, 95%CI: 1.006-1.057), female gender (OR: 2.939, 95%CI: 1.386-6.233), disease duration (OR: 0.988, 95%CI: 0.980-0.996), endoscopic disease activity (simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease) (OR: 0.923, 95%CI: 0.855-0.996), serum albumin (OR: 1.079, 95%CI: 1.009-1.154), and serum creatinine (OR: 1.037, 95%CI: 1.011-1.063) were associated with L3 skeletal muscle index among Crohn's disease patients. CONCLUSION The gender, age, and duration of disease were uncontrollable factors associated with muscle loss of Crohn's disease. The treatment target of mucosal healing and improved nutritional status may be beneficial for maintaining muscle mass among Crohn's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Zhi
- Yangzhou University, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Department of Gastroenterology - Yangzhou, China
| | - Bing Jiāo
- Yangzhou University, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Department of Gastroenterology - Yangzhou, China
| | - Shan Qing
- Yangzhou University, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Department of Geriatric - Yangzhou, China
| | - Lanyu Liang
- Yangzhou University, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Department of Geriatric - Yangzhou, China
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Wei S, Nguyen TT, Zhang Y, Ryu D, Gariani K. Sarcopenic obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, cardiovascular disease, mortality, and management. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1185221. [PMID: 37455897 PMCID: PMC10344359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1185221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is defined as the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity in the same individual, characterized by of the co-presence of body fat accumulation and muscle loss. This condition is currently a major concern as it is associated with frailty and disabilities such as cardiovascular disease, fractures, dementia, cancer, and increased all-cause mortality. Particularly, older individuals remain at risk of sarcopenic obesity. Progress at several levels is needed to improve the global prognostic outlook for this condition, including the elaboration and implementation of a more uniform definition that may favor the identification and specification of prevalence by age group. Furthermore, improvements in the understanding of the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity may lead to the development of more specific therapeutic interventions to improve prognosis. We reviewed the knowledge on sarcopenic obesity and its associations with cardiovascular diseases and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Wei
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh T. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Karim Gariani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Nùñez-Lisboa M, Valero-Breton M, Dewolf AH. Unraveling age-related impairment of the neuromuscular system: exploring biomechanical and neurophysiological perspectives. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1194889. [PMID: 37427405 PMCID: PMC10323685 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1194889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
With extended life expectancy, the quality of life of elders is a priority. Loss of mobility, increased morbidity and risks of falls have dramatic individual and societal impacts. Here we consider the age-related modifications of gait, from a biomechanical and neurophysiological perspective. Among the many factors of frailty involved (e.g., metabolic, hormonal, immunological), loss of muscle strength and neurodegenerative changes inducing slower muscle contraction may play a key role. We highlight that the impact of the multifactorial age-related changes in the neuromuscular systems results in common features of gait in the immature gait of infants and older adults. Besides, we also consider the reversibility of age-related neuromuscular deterioration by, on the one hand, exercise training, and the other hand, novel techniques such as direct spinal stimulation (tsDCS).
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nùñez-Lisboa
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Physiologie et la Locomotion, Institute of Neuroscience, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - M. Valero-Breton
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - A. H. Dewolf
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Physiologie et la Locomotion, Institute of Neuroscience, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Chaillou T, Montiel-Rojas D. Does the blunted stimulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis by aging in response to mechanical load result from impaired ribosome biogenesis? FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1171850. [PMID: 37256189 PMCID: PMC10225510 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1171850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass leads to a reduction of strength. It is likely due to an inadequate stimulation of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in response to anabolic stimuli, such as mechanical load. Ribosome biogenesis is a major determinant of translational capacity and is essential for the control of muscle mass. This mini-review aims to put forth the hypothesis that ribosome biogenesis is impaired by aging in response to mechanical load, which could contribute to the age-related anabolic resistance and progressive muscle atrophy. Recent animal studies indicate that aging impedes muscle hypertrophic response to mechanical overload. This is associated with an impaired transcription of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) by RNA polymerase I (Pol I), a limited increase in total RNA concentration, a blunted activation of AKT/mTOR pathway, and an increased phosphorylation of AMPK. In contrast, an age-mediated impairment of ribosome biogenesis is unlikely in response to electrical stimulations. In human, the hypertrophic response to resistance exercise training is diminished with age. This is accompanied by a deficit in long-term MPS and an absence of increased total RNA concentration. The results addressing the acute response to resistance exercise suggest an impaired Pol I-mediated rDNA transcription and attenuated activation/expression of several upstream regulators of ribosome biogenesis in muscles from aged individuals. Altogether, emerging evidence indicates that impaired ribosome biogenesis could partly explain age-related anabolic resistance to mechanical load, which may ultimately contribute to progressive muscle atrophy. Future research should develop more advanced molecular tools to provide in-depth analysis of muscle ribosome biogenesis.
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Hooper SC, Espinoza SE, Marshall VB, Kilpela LS. The Clinical Phenotype of Binge Eating Disorder among Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2087. [PMID: 37432212 PMCID: PMC10180572 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED), a form of overnutrition, may impact healthy aging for postmenopausal women. In community samples, 12-26% of older women (ages 60+) engage in binge eating. In younger adults, BED is comorbid with physical and psychological morbidities. However, little is known regarding the clinical phenotype, including medical and psychiatric comorbidities, of BED in postmenopausal women. This pilot study sought to identify psychosomatic, cardiometabolic, body composition, and physical function characteristics of postmenopausal, older adult (age ≥60 years) women with BED. Participants (N = 21, ages 60-75) completed a battery of physical assessments and surveys assessing psychosomatic health. Overall, 62% of women reported BE onset during peri- or post-menopause. Rates of comorbid depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and a history of severe menopausal symptoms were high. Cardiometabolic health was poor, and 42.9% met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Additionally, 71.4% met the BMI criteria for obesity, and 40% of this sample met the criteria for sarcopenic obesity. Almost half of the sample presented with at least one mobility limitation; 85.7% had poor endurance. Evidence suggests that BED is highly comorbid with other chronic health conditions and may complicate treatment of these conditions, warranting further investigation and increased attention from healthcare providers serving postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah C. Hooper
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sara E. Espinoza
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas VA Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Victoria B. Marshall
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lisa S. Kilpela
- ReACH Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas VA Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Luo X, Cai B, Jin W. The Prevalence Rate of Adult Sarcopenic Obesity and Correlation of Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index with Body Mass Index, Percent Body Fat, Waist-Hip Ratio, Basal Metabolic Rate, and Visceral Fat Area. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:48-56. [PMID: 36318808 DOI: 10.1089/met.2022.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of adult sarcopenic obesity and discuss its predisposing factors. Methods: A total of 14,608 participants including 7521 men and 7087 women aged 18-93 years were enrolled in this study. The definition of sarcopenia was based on appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) standards (≤7.0 kg/m2 for men and ≤5.7 grams/m2 for women). The definition of obesity followed percent body fat (PBF) ≥25% for men and ≥35% for women. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as the combination of sarcopenia and obesity diagnosis. Risk factors for the onset of sarcopenic obesity were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, followed by diagnostic value assessment. Results: There were 496 cases of sarcopenic obesity, including 308 male patients and 188 female patients. The overall prevalence rate was 3.4%, with 4.10% for men and 2.65% for women. Compared with nonsarcogenic obesity group, the subjects with sarcogenic obesity showed shorter height and circumference of limbs, arm muscle, neck, chest, waist and hip, lighter weight, lower body mass index (BMI), bone mineral content (BMC), skeletal muscle mass, basal metabolic rate (BMR), body cell mass, fitness score and ASMI, and higher body fat mass, PBF, waist-hip ratio (WHR), visceral fat area (VFA), extracellular fluid/total body fat, and extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW; P < 0.01). Based on logistic regression analysis, BMI, BMC, PBF, WHR, BMR, VFA, fitness score, lean balance trunk, lean balance left leg, ASMI, ECW/TBW and the circumference of left arm, left leg, arm muscle, chest waist and hip were considered as risk factors for sarcogenic obesity (P < 0.05). After receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of basic condition, muscle mass, and limb condition, ASMI [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.75] showed relatively high diagnostic value for adult sarcopenic obesity; other indicators (AUC <0.75) showed moderate diagnostic value for adult sarcopenic obesity, except for fitness score. According to joint ROC analysis, combination of BMC, PBF, VFA, and ASMI (AUC = 0.78) showed high diagnostic value for adult sarcopenic obesity. ASMI was correlated with BMI (r = 0.246, P < 0.001), BMC (r = 0.798, P < 0.001), WHR (r = 0.197, P < 0.001), BMR (r = 0.932, P < 0.001), PBF (r = -0.761, P < 0.001), and VFA (r = -0.530, P < 0.001). In adult patients with sarcopenic obesity, a decrease in ASMI indicators may be accompanied by a decrease in BMI, BMC, WHR, and BMR as well as an increase in PBF and VFA. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of adult sarcopenic obesity was 3.40%. ASMI was closely correlated with BMI, BMC, PBF, WHR, BMR, and VFA, which may serve as early indicators in the diagnosis of adult sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Quality Management, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Kim M, Lee CM, Kang BK, Ha TK, Choi YY, Lee SJ. Sarcopenia assessed with DXA and CT increases the risk of perioperative complications in patients with gastrectomy. Eur Radiol 2023:10.1007/s00330-023-09401-w. [PMID: 36637463 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated sarcopenia prevalence using various diagnostic criteria based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT) in gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy, and evaluated the association between sarcopenia and perioperative complications. METHODS This retrospective study included consecutive patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy, and preoperative DXA and CT from January 2013 to November 2020. Body composition was measured using DXA and CT. Height-adjusted DXA-based Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (ASMI) and CT-based skeletal muscle cross-sectional area at the L3 level (SMI) were measured. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were defined using reported cutoff values. The chi-square test and univariate analysis were performed to determine risk factors for significant and severe perioperative complications (Clavien-Dindo Grades ≥ 2 and ≥ 3, respectively). RESULTS In total, 77 males and 43 females aged 61.4 ± 11.0 years were included. ASMI and SMI were correlated (r = 0.819), but sarcopenia prevalence varied (20.0-63.3%), depending on the criteria applied. Univariate analysis revealed sarcopenia defined using the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria and sarcopenic obesity as risk factors for significant (odds ratio [OR] 2.76, p = 0.030 vs. OR 4.31, p = 0.002) and severe perioperative complications (OR 3.77, p = 0.036 vs. OR 4.78, p = 0.010). In subgroup analyses, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were significantly associated with perioperative complications only in males. CONCLUSION Perioperative complication risk can be predicted from sarcopenia defined using the AWGS criteria and sarcopenic obesity measured using DXA and CT, particularly in males. KEY POINTS • The prevalence of sarcopenia varies due to definition differences. • Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are risk factors for significant and severe perioperative complications, particularly in males. • Our results suggest that physicians need to pay attention to perioperative complications after surgical treatment of male patients with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Kim
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Min Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyeong Kang
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Ha
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Young Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, 222-1 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Mayrink Ivo JF, Sugizaki CSA, Souza Freitas ATV, Costa NA, Peixoto MDRG. Age, hemodialysis time, gait speed, but not mortality, are associated with muscle quality index in end-stage renal disease. Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112035. [PMID: 36436759 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The muscle quality index (MQI) has proven to be an interesting clinical measurement in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In clinical practice, its interpretation can be biased by fat mass (FM) distribution. This study aims to explore the arm MQI association with body composition, clinical factors, and mortality. METHODS It was analytical longitudinal and exploratory, that included patients from two-center, over 18 years old, of both genders in treatment by HD. The follow-up period was 32 months, and mortality was the clinical outcome. Demographical and clinical data were collected in the patient's medical records. Body composition was evaluated using octopolar multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA). Handgrip strength (HGS) was measured by a dynamometer and the time required to walk 3 m was applied to obtain gait speed. The baseline associations with MQI (HGS/arm muscle mass) were examined by multivariate linear regression. Cox regressions evaluated the associations with mortality. RESULTS A total of 97 patients in HD were included. Mean age was 50.93 ± 14.10 years, 71.13 % were male. Age (β = -0,096, p = 0.024), HD time (β = -0.023, p = 0.032), total skeletal muscle mass (β = -0.475, p < 0.001) were inversely associated with MQI and gait speed had a direct association with MQI (β = 8514, p = 0.002). The prevalence of mortality was 29.76 %, of which 37.29 % were men (p = 0.020). Low MQI was not associated with mortality (Hz = 0.80, CI95 % = 0.34; 1.91, p = 0.629). CONCLUSION The arm MQI was associated with an indicator of general functional capacity (gait speed), but was not associated with fat measures in baseline and mortality after 32 months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Mayrink Ivo
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Clara S A Sugizaki
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Nara Aline Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Sun L, Fu J, Mu Z, Duan X, Chan P, Xiu S. Association between body fat and sarcopenia in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1094075. [PMID: 36777353 PMCID: PMC9911832 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1094075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between body fat (BF%) and sarcopenia in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and potential link with increased levels of inflammatory indicators and insulin resistance. METHODS A total of 543 older adults with T2DM were included in this cross-sectional study. Appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM), handgrip strength and gait speed were measured to diagnose sarcopenia according to the updated Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria. Body composition data were tested using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Levels of serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6, fasting blood insulin (FINS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH) D3] were also determined. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia in all participants was 8.84%, of which 11.90% were male and 5.84% females. The Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that BF% was negatively correlated with gait speed in men and women (R =-0.195, P=0.001; R = -0.136, P =0.025, respectively). After adjusting for all potential confounders, sarcopenia was positive associated with BF% (male, OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.15-1.65, P< 0.001; female, OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07-1.56, P=0.007), and negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) (male, OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.44-0.73, P<0.001; female, OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.33-0.70, P<0.001). No significant differences were found in hs-CRP, interleukin-6, and insulin resistance between older T2DM adults with and without sarcopenia. CONCLUSION Higher BF% was linked to an increased risk of sarcopenia in older adults with T2DM, suggesting the importance of assessing BF% rather than BMI alone to manage sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijing Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoye Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Piu Chan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology and Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Center for Parkinson’s Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson’s Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Piu Chan, ; Shuangling Xiu,
| | - Shuangling Xiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Piu Chan, ; Shuangling Xiu,
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Beberashvili I, Azar A, Khatib A, Abu Hamad R, Neheman A, Efrati S, Doenyas-Barak K. Sarcopenic Obesity Versus Nonobese Sarcopenia in Hemodialysis Patients: Differences in Nutritional Status, Quality of Life, and Clinical Outcomes. J Ren Nutr 2023; 33:147-156. [PMID: 35597322 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) are linked to unfavorable prognosis in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) populations. We tested whether nonobese sarcopenia and SO, as different stages of extreme protein-energy wasting, have different prognoses. METHODS In this prospective observational study, 261 MHD patients were recruited from October 2010 to April 2012 and followed until October 2020. Two definitions were used to diagnose sarcopenia: the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People consensus and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Biomarkers Consortium criteria. Obesity was determined as the percentage of total body fat, ≥27% for men and ≥38% for women. Data for all-cause and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, baseline nutrition markers, inflammation and oxidative stress, adipokines, body composition parameters, handgrip strength, and quality of life (QoL) scores were measured. RESULTS According to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, 115 (44.1%) patients were sarcopenic and 120 (46.0%) according to FNIH definitions. Of them, 28.4% and 34.5% were SO, respectively. Higher levels of albumin, creatinine, uric acid, leptin, phase angle, better nutritional scores, and lower adiponectin levels characterized SO patients compared with nonobese sarcopenic patients regardless of indexing method. Better QoL scores were noted in SO compared with nonobese sarcopenic patients using the FNIH sarcopenia criteria. The hazard of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and first cardiovascular event for patients with SO was lower compared with the nonobese patients after multivariate adjustments. Statistical significance of these associations disappeared after including fat mass in multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS MHD patients with SO have better nutritional status and prognosis for cardiovascular events, all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality, and possibly better QoL compared with nonobese sarcopenic MHD patients. The better prognosis appears to be entirely due to the excess fat, which is protective in sarcopenic MHD patients similar to that described in the entire MHD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Beberashvili
- Nephrology Division, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel.
| | - Ada Azar
- Nutrition Department, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Amin Khatib
- Nephrology Division, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Ramzia Abu Hamad
- Nephrology Division, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Amos Neheman
- Urology Department, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Shai Efrati
- Nephrology Division, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Keren Doenyas-Barak
- Nephrology Division, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel
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Lowe R, Hey P, Sinclair M. The sex-specific prognostic utility of sarcopenia in cirrhosis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2608-2615. [PMID: 35945660 PMCID: PMC9745556 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an increasingly recognized complication of cirrhosis that is associated with morbidity and mortality. Differences in the prevalence and prognosis of sarcopenia between men and women have been reported in other patient groups, but there is insufficient understanding of how sex impacts the prognostic value of sarcopenia in cirrhosis. A search of MEDLINE and Embase was conducted from earliest entries to April 2021. Studies were included if they examined sex-stratified mortality impact of reduced muscle function or mass in outpatient populations with cirrhosis. We identified 700 studies of which 6 were deemed relevant for inclusion in this narrative review. Studies of interest were heterogeneous, precluding pooling of data and making interpretation of the literature challenging. Muscle mass was assessed in five studies (n = 2566, 1730 men, 836 women) and was reduced in 36-50% of men and 24-43% of women. All five studies found that reduced muscle mass determined by computed tomography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bioelectrical impedance analysis was associated with increased mortality in men. Of these, two studies identified a corresponding relationship in women; reduced muscle mass defined by computed tomography was associated with increased mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 2.82, P = 0.001], while increasing muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis likewise conferred a survival benefit (HR 0.45, P = 0.0016). Only one study assessed the relationship of muscle function with sex-stratified mortality (n = 1405, 827 men, 578 women), concluding that reduced muscle function predicted mortality in both men and women (HR 1.65, P < 0.001 and HR 1.54, P < 0.001, respectively). Reduced muscle mass in cirrhosis is consistently associated with mortality in men, but lack of sex-stratification of mortality analyses limits the ability to make strong conclusions about the impact of sarcopenia specifically in women, with even fewer data available for analysing muscle function. Improved understanding of the sex-specific impacts of sarcopenia may help address patient deterioration and mortality while awaiting liver transplantation and allow for early intervention to mitigate mortality risk. Large, multicentre studies with adequate female participation and sex-stratified mortality analyses are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lowe
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Northern Health, Epping, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penelope Hey
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie Sinclair
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Holanda N, Crispim N, Carlos I, Moura T, Nóbrega E, Bandeira F. Musculoskeletal effects of obesity and bariatric surgery – a narrative review. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:621-632. [PMID: 36382751 PMCID: PMC10118826 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity affects several areas of the human body, leading to increased morbidity and mortality and the likelihood of other diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and musculoskeletal disorders. These conditions predispose to bone fractures and sarcopenic obesity, defined by the presence of an obesity-associated decrease in muscle mass and strength. Both bone fragility and sarcopenic obesity disease are consequences of several factors, such as a low degree of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, ectopic fat deposits and sedentary lifestyle. The diagnosis of obesity-related musculoskeletal disorders is limited by the lack of sarcopenia criteria and lower accuracy of bone mineral density measurement by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in overweight people. Reducing body weight provides undeniable benefits to this population, however treating cases of severe obesity with bariatric surgery can cause even greater damage to bone and muscle health, especially in the long term. The mechanisms involved in this process are not yet fully understood, but factors related to nutrient malabsorption and mechanical discharge as well as changes in gut hormones, adipokines and bone marrow adiposity should be taken into account. Depending on the surgical technique performed, greater musculoskeletal damage may occur, especially in cases of malabsorptive surgeries such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, when compared to restrictive techniques such as sleeve gastrectomy. This difference is probably due to greater weight loss, nutrient malabsorption and important hormonal changes that occur as a consequence of the diversion of intestinal transit and loss of greater absorptive surface. Thus, people undergoing bariatric procedures, especially malabsorptive ones, should have their musculoskeletal health supervised to allow early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic interventions to prevent osteoporotic fractures and preserve the functionality of the skeletal muscles.
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Comparing Even with Skewed Dietary Protein Distribution Shows No Difference in Muscle Protein Synthesis or Amino Acid Utilization in Healthy Older Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214442. [PMID: 36364705 PMCID: PMC9654411 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a multifactorial disease that limits autonomy for the growing elderly population. An optimal amount of dietary protein has shown to be important to maintain muscle mass during aging. Yet, the optimal distribution of that dietary protein has not been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to examine whether an even, compared to a skewed, distribution of daily dietary protein leads to higher muscle protein synthesis and amino acid utilization. Twelve healthy males and twelve healthy females aged between 65 and 80 years were block randomized to either an even (EVEN, n = 12) or skewed (SKEWED, n = 12) dietary protein distribution for three daily main meals. Seven days of habituation were followed by three trial days, which were initiated by oral intake of deuterium oxide (D2O). The dietary protein throughout all trial meals was intrinsically labelled with 2H5-phenylalanine. Blood samples were drawn daily, and muscle biopsies were taken before and at the end of the trial to measure muscle protein synthesis (FSR) and muscle protein incorporation of the dietary-protein-derived tracer. Muscle protein FSR was no different between the two groups (EVEN 2.16 ± 0.13%/day and SKEWED 2.23 ± 0.09%/day, p = 0.647), and the muscle protein incorporation of the intrinsically labeled 2H5-phenylalanine tracer was not different between the two groups (EVEN 0.0049 ± 0.0004 MPE% and SKEWED 0.0054 ± 0.0003 MPE%, p = 0.306). In conclusion, the daily distribution pattern of the dietary protein did not affect muscle protein synthesis or the utilization of dietary protein.
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Alemany M. The Roles of Androgens in Humans: Biology, Metabolic Regulation and Health. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11952. [PMID: 36233256 PMCID: PMC9569951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens are an important and diverse group of steroid hormone molecular species. They play varied functional roles, such as the control of metabolic energy fate and partition, the maintenance of skeletal and body protein and integrity and the development of brain capabilities and behavioral setup (including those factors defining maleness). In addition, androgens are the precursors of estrogens, with which they share an extensive control of the reproductive mechanisms (in both sexes). In this review, the types of androgens, their functions and signaling are tabulated and described, including some less-known functions. The close interrelationship between corticosteroids and androgens is also analyzed, centered in the adrenal cortex, together with the main feedback control systems of the hypothalamic-hypophysis-gonads axis, and its modulation by the metabolic environment, sex, age and health. Testosterone (T) is singled out because of its high synthesis rate and turnover, but also because age-related hypogonadism is a key signal for the biologically planned early obsolescence of men, and the delayed onset of a faster rate of functional losses in women after menopause. The close collaboration of T with estradiol (E2) active in the maintenance of body metabolic systems is also presented Their parallel insufficiency has been directly related to the ravages of senescence and the metabolic syndrome constellation of disorders. The clinical use of T to correct hypoandrogenism helps maintain the functionality of core metabolism, limiting excess fat deposition, sarcopenia and cognoscitive frailty (part of these effects are due to the E2 generated from T). The effectiveness of using lipophilic T esters for T replacement treatments is analyzed in depth, and the main problems derived from their application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 635, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
- Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Maïmoun L, Serrand C, Mura T, Renard E, Nocca D, Lefebvre P, Boudousq V, Avignon A, Mariano-Goulart D, Sultan A. Definition of an adapted cut-off for determining low lean tissue mass in older women with obesity: a comparison to current cut-offs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16905. [PMID: 36207398 PMCID: PMC9547056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with obesity varies according to the definition used. The purpose of our study was to: (i) determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in terms of lean tissue mass in older women with obesity using the current cut-offs, (ii) redefine a specific cut-off for low lean tissue mass (LLTM), and (iii) re-determine the prevalence of LLTM using this new cut-off. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) and the ALM index [ALM/height2: ALMI(h2)] and ALMI/body mass index [ALMI(BMI)] were determined in 791 women with or without obesity. LLMM prevalence was calculated using the current cut-offs: EWGSOP2: ALM < 15 kg and ALMI(h2) < 5.5 kg/m2; FNIH: ALM < 15.02 kg and ALMI(BMI) < 0.51; and IWGS: ALMI(h2) < 5.67 kg/m2 and cut-offs newly determined from data provided from young women with obesity. ALM, ALMI(h2) and ALMI(BMI) were lower in older compared to young obese women. Using the current cut-offs, a wide distribution of LLTM prevalence (0 to 29.2%) was observed. When the newly determined cut-offs were applied – i.e., ALM < 18.51 kg; ALMI(h2) < 7.15 kg/m2, ALMI(BMI) < 0.483, and T-score: [(ALMI(h2) measured)-(2.08 + 0.183*BMI)]/0.72] − the LLTM mass prevalence was 17.37%; 8.47, 14.8 and 12.71%. respectively. This study showed that the current cut-offs for LLTM as criteria for sarcopenia diagnosis are not adapted to the obese population. Although the new “static” cut-offs appeared to be more adapted, a “dynamic” cut-off for ALMI(h2) that took into account the BMI and thus the obesity severity appeared even more relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Maïmoun
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,U1046 INSERM, UMR9214 CNRS, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et Des Muscles (PHYMEDEX), University of Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,Département de Biophysique, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Université de Montpellier, 371, avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France.
| | - Chris Serrand
- Département d'Information Médicale, CHRU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Thibault Mura
- Département d'Information Médicale, CHRU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Eric Renard
- Departement d'Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Nocca
- Département de Chirurgie Digestive, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Lefebvre
- Departement d'Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Antoine Avignon
- Département Endocrinologie, Nutrition, Diabète, Equipe Nutrition, Diabète, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, IDESP, UMR UA11 INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Mariano-Goulart
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,U1046 INSERM, UMR9214 CNRS, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et Des Muscles (PHYMEDEX), University of Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ariane Sultan
- U1046 INSERM, UMR9214 CNRS, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et Des Muscles (PHYMEDEX), University of Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Département de Médecine Nucléaire, CHRU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
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Kang SH, Lee KH, Chang Y, Choe YS, Kim JP, Jang H, Shin HY, Kim HJ, Koh SB, Na DL, Seo SW, Kang M. Gender-specific relationship between thigh muscle and fat mass and brain amyloid-β positivity. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:145. [PMID: 36195949 PMCID: PMC9531420 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship of specific body composition in the thighs and brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition remained unclear, although there were growing evidence that higher muscle and fat mass in thighs had a protective effect against cardiometabolic syndromes. To determine whether muscle mass and fat mass in the thighs affected amyloid-beta (Aβ) positivity differently in relation to gender, we investigated the association of muscle mass and fat mass with Aβ positivity using positron emission tomography (PET) in individuals without dementia. METHODS We recruited 240 participants (134 [55.8%] males, 106 [44.2%] females) without dementia ≥45 years of age who underwent Aβ PET, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans of the hip in the health promotion center at Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. Lower extremity skeletal muscle mass index (LASMI) was measured using BIA, and gluteofemoral fat percentage (GFFP) was estimated using DEXA scans of the hip. We investigated the associations of LASMI and GFFP with Aβ positivity using logistic regression analyses after controlling for age, APOE4 genotype, and cognitive stage. RESULTS Higher muscle mass in the thighs, measured as LASMI (odds ratio [OR]=0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08 to 0.84, p=0.031) was associated with a lesser risk of Aβ positivity in only females. Higher fat mass in the thighs, measured as GFFP (OR=0.84, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.95, p=0.008) was associated with a lesser risk of Aβ positivity in only males. However, the association between LAMSI (p for interaction= 0.810), GFFP (p for interaction= 0.075) and Aβ positivity did not significantly differ by gender. Furthermore, LAMSI only negatively correlated with centiloid (CL) values in females (r=-0.205, p=0.037), and GFFP only negatively correlated with CL values only in males (r=-0.253, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of recognizing that gender differences exist with respect to the specific body composition to potentially protect against Aβ deposition. Therefore, our results may help in designing gender-specific strategies for controlling body composition to prevent Aβ deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Kang
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Lee
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XCenter for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong Sim Choe
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Pyo Kim
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Young Shin
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XCenter for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Beom Koh
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duk L. Na
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.414964.a0000 0001 0640 5613Alzheimer’s Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Mira Kang
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XCenter for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDigital Innovation Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Omelan AA, Borysławski K, Podstawski RS. Body composition and level of physical activity of elderly people living in north-eastern Poland associated with socioeconomic factors. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.85.3.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Studies conducted in various regions of the world have indicated that physical activity level, body composition and socioeconomic variables can be associated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether socioeconomic factors are associated with level of physical activity and differences in the body composition of elderly people living in north-eastern Poland.
Materials and Methods: The study involved 774 older residents (60 years or more). Physical activity levels were measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The respondents’ body composition was determined with an InBody 270 analyser. Pairs of means were compared with Student’s t-test; more than two means were compared with one-way ANOVA; and proportions were compared with the chi-square test. Statistical significance was defined as p≤0.05.
Results: The marital status of men and women was significantly associated with differences in physical activity level and body composition. The place of residence and level of education of women (but not of men), were also significantly associated with differences in body composition. Age and material situation were not significantly associated with differences in body composition and physical activity level.
Conclusion: The mean values of parameters of body composition in the surveyed group exceeded the norms. The level of physical activity of the subjects is at a sufficient level, but in the case of women it depends on socio-economic characteristics. Therefore, there is a need to find effective ways to support older adults in maintaining (or increase) their physical activity with a particular focus on women.
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Hwang J, Park S. Sex Differences of Sarcopenia in an Elderly Asian Population: The Prevalence and Risk Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191911980. [PMID: 36231280 PMCID: PMC9565437 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass is widespread in age-related health phenomena in the elderly population. This study examined the prevalence of sarcopenia in a community-dwelling elderly population according to gender. The study also identified gender-specific risk factors in older people aged 75-84 years old. One thousand two hundred and ninety-three participants aged between 75 and 84 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys in Korea were investigated. The prevalence of sarcopenia in males and females in the weighted-value sample was 41.2% (95%CI: 35.8-46.8) and 37.2% (32.7-41.9), respectively. Gender-specific clinical risk factors in males were height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, fasting glucose, and triglyceride levels. Height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, and total cholesterols were clinical risk factors for females. These outcomes would be crucial to primary care clinicians and health care professionals when patients require a referral for early detection and treatment. Health care professionals and clinicians can quickly identify potential sarcopenic patients by acknowledging the gender-specific prevalence and risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseok Hwang
- Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Soonjee Park
- Department of Clothing and Fashion, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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Prevalence and Determinants of Sarcopenic Obesity in Older Adults: Secondary Data Analysis of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 Survey (2017-18). Adv Ther 2022; 39:4094-4113. [PMID: 35788961 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenic obesity (SO) represents the confluence of two epidemics-an aging population and an increasing rate of obesity. The two diseases may act synergistically, and SO may significantly affect morbidity and mortality. However, the burden is not defined to drive the policy changes. Hence the present study was done to estimate the prevalence and predictors of SO in India. METHODS We did a secondary data analysis of the 72,250 older adults who participated in the first wave of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (2017-18). Possible sarcopenia was defined as per the guidelines by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. The modified criterion of overweight and obesity for Asian adults was used to categorize obesity. Presence of both sarcopenia and obesity depicted SO. Weighted analysis was done to estimate the prevalence of SO, and multinomial bivariate logistics regression was used to identify the predictors of SO. RESULTS The overall prevalence of obesity, sarcopenia, and SO was 27.1%, 41.9%, and 8.7%, respectively. The mean age, weight, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure of adults with SO were significantly higher compared to others. Higher age, urban residence, west and south regions of India, consumption of tobacco or alcohol, no physical activity, and presence of diabetes contribute to SO. CONCLUSION The burden of SO seems to be less but amounts to a massive number in an aging country. We stress increased screening of the geriatric age group and advocate increased physical activity and dietary modifications to realize the concept of healthy aging.
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