1
|
Liu WX, Yang L, Yan HM, Yan LN, Zhang XL, Ma N, Tang LM, Gao X, Liu DW. Germline Variants and Genetic Interactions of Several EMT Regulatory Genes Increase the Risk of HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:564477. [PMID: 34178612 PMCID: PMC8226114 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.564477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We hypothesized that germline variants in the major EMT regulatory genes (SNAIL1, ZEB1, ZEB2, TWIST1) may influence the development of HBV-related HCC. We included 421 cases of HBsAg-positive patients with HCC, 1371 cases of HBsAg-positive subjects without HCC [patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or liver cirrhosis (LC)] and 618 cases of healthy controls in the case-control study. Genotype, allele, and haplotype associations in the major EMT regulatory genes were tested. Environment-gene and gene-gene interactions were analysed using the non-parametric model-free multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. The SNAIL1rs4647958T>C was associated with a significantly increased risk of both HCC (CT+CC vs. TT: OR=1.559; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.073-2.264; P=0.020) and CHB+LC (CT+CC vs. TT: OR=1.509; 95% CI, 1.145-1.988; P=0.003). Carriers of the TWIST1rs2285681G>C (genotypes CT+CC) had an increased risk of HCC (CG+CC vs. GG: OR=1.407; 95% CI, 1.065-1.858; P=0.016). The ZEB2rs3806475T>C was associated with significantly increased risk of both HCC (P recessive =0.001) and CHB+LC (P recessive<0.001). The CG haplotype of the rs4647958/rs1543442 haplotype block was associated with significant differences between healthy subjects and HCC patients (P=0.0347). Meanwhile, the CT haplotype of the rs2285681/rs2285682 haplotype block was associated with significant differences between CHB+LC and HCC patients (P=0.0123). In MDR analysis, the combination of TWIST1rs2285681, ZEB2rs3806475, SNAIL1rs4647958 exhibited the most significant association with CHB+LC and Health control in the three-locus model. Our results suggest significant single-gene associations and environment-gene/gene-gene interactions of EMT-related genes with HBV-related HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui-Min Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li-Na Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Long-Mei Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dian-Wu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics & Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi R, Xiao H, Yang T, Chang L, Tian Y, Wu B, Xu H. Effects of miR-200c on the migration and invasion abilities of human prostate cancer Du145 cells and the corresponding mechanism. Front Med 2014; 8:456-63. [PMID: 25363395 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-014-0353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) have played a key role in human tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. On the one hand, miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in many types of human cancer; on the other hand, miRNAs can function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes that target many cancer-related genes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of miRNA-200c (miR-200c) on the biological behavior and mechanism of proliferation, migration, and invasion in the prostate cancer cell line Du145. In this study, Du145 cells were transfected with miR-200c mimics or negative control miR-NC by using an X-tremeGENE siRNA transfection reagent. The relative expression of miR-200c was measured by RT-PCR. The proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of Du145 cells were detected by CCK8 assays, migration assays and invasion assays, respectively. The expressions of ZEB1, E-cadherin, and vimentin were observed by western blot. Results showed that DU145 cells exhibited a high expression of miR-200c compared with immortalized normal prostate epithelial cell RWPE-1. Du145 cells were then transfected with miR-200c mimics and displayed lower abilities of proliferation, migration, and invasion than those transfected with the negative control. The protein levels of ZEB1 and vimentin were expressed at a low extent in Du145 cells, which were transfected with miR-200c mimics; by contrast, E-cadherin was highly expressed. Hence, miR-200c could significantly inhibit the proliferation of the prostate cancer cell line Du145; likewise, miR-200c could inhibit migration and invasion by epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runlin Shi
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Use of miRNA response sequences to block off-target replication and increase the safety of an unattenuated, glioblastoma-targeted oncolytic HSV. Mol Ther 2014; 23:99-107. [PMID: 25200130 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer for which there is no effective treatment. Oncolytic HSV vectors (oHSVs) are attenuated lytic viruses that have shown promise in the treatment of human GBM models in animals, but their efficacy in early phase patient trials has been limited. Instead of attenuating the virus with mutations in virulence genes, we engineered four copies of the recognition sequence for miR-124 into the 3'UTR of the essential ICP4 gene to protect healthy tissue against lytic virus replication; miR-124 is expressed in neurons but not in glioblastoma cells. Following intracranial inoculation into nude mice, the miR-124-sensitive vector failed to replicate or show overt signs of pathogenesis. To address the concern that this safety feature may reduce oncolytic activity, we inserted the miR-124 response elements into an unattenuated, human receptor (EGFR/EGFRvIII)-specific HSV vector. We found that miR-124 sensitivity did not cause a loss of treatment efficiency in an orthotopic model of primary human GBM in nude mice. These results demonstrate that engineered miR-124 responsiveness can eliminate off-target replication by unattenuated oHSV without compromising oncolytic activity, thereby providing increased safety.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee B, Villarreal-Ponce A, Fallahi M, Ovadia J, Sun P, Yu QC, Ito S, Sinha S, Nie Q, Dai X. Transcriptional mechanisms link epithelial plasticity to adhesion and differentiation of epidermal progenitor cells. Dev Cell 2014; 29:47-58. [PMID: 24735878 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During epithelial tissue morphogenesis, developmental progenitor cells undergo dynamic adhesive and cytoskeletal remodeling to trigger proliferation and migration. Transcriptional mechanisms that restrict such a mild form of epithelial plasticity to maintain lineage-restricted differentiation in committed epithelial tissues are poorly understood. Here, we report that simultaneous ablation of transcriptional repressor-encoding Ovol1 and Ovol2 results in expansion and blocked terminal differentiation of embryonic epidermal progenitor cells. Conversely, mice overexpressing Ovol2 in their skin epithelia exhibit precocious differentiation accompanied by smaller progenitor cell compartments. We show that Ovol1/Ovol2-deficient epidermal cells fail to undertake α-catenin-driven actin cytoskeletal reorganization and adhesive maturation and exhibit changes that resemble epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Remarkably, these alterations and defective terminal differentiation are reversed upon depletion of EMT-promoting transcriptional factor Zeb1. Collectively, our findings reveal Ovol-Zeb1-α-catenin sequential repression and highlight Ovol1 and Ovol2 as gatekeepers of epithelial adhesion and differentiation by inhibiting progenitor-like traits and epithelial plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Briana Lee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - Alvaro Villarreal-Ponce
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - Magid Fallahi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - Jeremy Ovadia
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - Qian-Chun Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seiji Ito
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi 570-8506, Japan
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Pei D, Zheng H. Transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states during cell fate conversions. Protein Cell 2014; 5:580-91. [PMID: 24805308 PMCID: PMC4130923 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell fate conversion is considered as the changing of one type of cells to another type including somatic cell reprogramming (de-differentiation), differentiation, and trans-differentiation. Epithelial and mesenchymal cells are two major types of cells and the transitions between these two cell states as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) have been observed during multiple cell fate conversions including embryonic development, tumor progression and somatic cell reprogramming. In addition, MET and sequential EMT-MET during the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from fibroblasts have been reported recently. Such observation is consistent with multiple rounds of sequential EMT-MET during embryonic development which could be considered as a reversed process of reprogramming at least partially. Therefore in current review, we briefly discussed the potential roles played by EMT, MET, or even sequential EMT-MET during different kinds of cell fate conversions. We also provided some preliminary hypotheses on the mechanisms that connect cell state transitions and cell fate conversions based on results collected from cell cycle, epigenetic regulation, and stemness acquisition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Infiltration related miRNAs in bladder urothelial carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 32:576-580. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-012-0099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
7
|
Nieto MA. The ins and outs of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in health and disease. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2011; 27:347-76. [PMID: 21740232 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) converts epithelial cells into migratory and invasive cells and is a fundamental event in morphogenesis. Although its relevance in the progression of cancer and organ fibrosis had been debated until recently, the EMT is now established as an important step in the metastatic cascade of epithelial tumors. The similarities between pathological and developmental EMTs validate the embryo as the best model to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in this process, identifying those that are hijacked during the progression of cancer and organ degeneration. Our ever-increasing understanding of how transcription factors regulate the EMT has revealed complex regulatory loops coupled to posttranscriptional and epigenetic regulatory programs. The EMT is now integrated into the systemic activities of whole organisms, establishing links with cell survival, stemness, inflammation, and immunity. In addition, the EMT now constitutes a promising target for the treatment of cancer and organ-degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Angela Nieto
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante 03550, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gregory PA, Bracken CP, Smith E, Bert AG, Wright JA, Roslan S, Morris M, Wyatt L, Farshid G, Lim YY, Lindeman GJ, Shannon MF, Drew PA, Khew-Goodall Y, Goodall GJ. An autocrine TGF-beta/ZEB/miR-200 signaling network regulates establishment and maintenance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:1686-98. [PMID: 21411626 PMCID: PMC3093321 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-02-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a form of cellular plasticity that is critical for embryonic development and tumor metastasis. A double-negative feedback loop involving the miR-200 family and ZEB (zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox) transcription factors has been postulated to control the balance between epithelial and mesenchymal states. Here we demonstrate using the epithelial Madin Darby canine kidney cell line model that, although manipulation of the ZEB/miR-200 balance is able to repeatedly switch cells between epithelial and mesenchymal states, the induction and maintenance of a stable mesenchymal phenotype requires the establishment of autocrine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling to drive sustained ZEB expression. Furthermore, we show that prolonged autocrine TGF-β signaling induced reversible DNA methylation of the miR-200 loci with corresponding changes in miR-200 levels. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the existence of an autocrine TGF-β/ZEB/miR-200 signaling network that regulates plasticity between epithelial and mesenchymal states. We find a strong correlation between ZEBs and TGF-β and negative correlations between miR-200 and TGF-β and between miR-200 and ZEBs, in invasive ductal carcinomas, consistent with an autocrine TGF-β/ZEB/miR-200 signaling network being active in breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Gregory
- Division of Human Immunology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Regulation of miR-200 family microRNAs and ZEB transcription factors in ovarian cancer: evidence supporting a mesothelial-to-epithelial transition. Gynecol Oncol 2009; 116:117-25. [PMID: 19854497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to characterize the expression and function of the miR-200 family of microRNAs (miRNA) in ovarian carcinogenesis. METHODS We used qRT-PCR to examine expression of the miR-200 miRNA family and its predicted targets, the ZEB1 and ZEB2 transcriptional repressors, in primary cultures of normal cells from the surface of the ovary and in a panel of 70 ovarian cancer tissues and 15 ovarian cancer cell lines. We studied the mechanisms of regulation of miR-200 miRNAs and ZEB transcription factors in ovarian cells using 3' UTR luciferase reporters, promoter luciferase reporters and siRNAs. RESULTS miR-200 family members are expressed at low or negligible levels in normal ovarian surface cells and substantially increase in expression in ovarian cancer, whereas expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2 shows the opposite pattern. There is reciprocal repression between miR-200 family members and ZEB transcription factors, creating a double negative regulatory feedback loop resembling that reported in other cancer cell types. In contrast to epithelial cells from other sites, expression levels of miR-200 miRNAs and ZEB1/2 in cells from the ovarian surface are more consistent with a mesenchymal cell phenotype, potentially reflecting the mesothelial origin of the ovarian surface. CONCLUSION Analysis of ovarian cancer tissues suggests that ovarian surface cells acquire a more epithelial miR-200-ZEB1/2 phenotype as they undergo transformation, switching from a miR-200 familyLOW and ZEB1/2HIGH state to a miR-200 familyHIGH and ZEB1/2LOW phenotype. Collectively, our data support the mesothelial-to-epithelial (Meso-E-T) model for development of ovarian cancers that arise from ovarian surface cells, as has been proposed previously on the basis of studies of protein markers.
Collapse
|