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van Driel AA, Muller AE, Wijma RA, Stobberingh EE, Verbon A, Koch BCP. Nitrofurantoin for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in female patients: the impact of dosing regimen, age, and renal function on drug exposure. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:1043-1049. [PMID: 37266591 PMCID: PMC10361848 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to determine nitrofurantoin exposure in female patients with different age and renal function with complaints of an uncomplicated UTI. Also the nitrofurantoin exposure in relation to the dosage regimen will be studied. METHODS Eight general practitioners (GP) participated in the study and included 38 patients with symptoms of an uncomplicated UTI, treated either with a dose of 50 mg q6h or 100 mg q12h, upon the discretion of the GP. Nitrofurantoin exposure was quantified in the patient's 24-h urine samples by UHPLC-UV and the area under the curve was calculated. RESULTS The 38 patients provided a range of 2-17 urine samples. The urine nitrofurantoin exposure was 1028 mg h/L for the patients receiving 50 mg q6h and 1036 mg h/L for those treated with 100 mg q12h (p = 0.97) and was not affected by age and eGFR (p = 0.64 and p = 0.34, respectively). CONCLUSION The data obtained do not support the discouragement of nitrofurantoin use in the elderly and in patients with impaired renal function. Since only a small number of patients were included, a larger study with more patients is warranted to evaluate nitrofurantoin exposure and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A van Driel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A E Muller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Haaglanden Medisch Centrum, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Center for Antimicrobial Treatment Optimization Rotterdam (CATOR), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R A Wijma
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E E Stobberingh
- Department Infectious Disease Control, Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond (GGD Rotterdam), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Verbon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B C P Koch
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Antimicrobial Treatment Optimization Rotterdam (CATOR), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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The Nutrient and Energy Pathway Requirements for Surface Motility of Nonpathogenic and Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:JB.00467-20. [PMID: 33782053 PMCID: PMC8117529 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00467-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is the causative pathogen for most uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Motility is likely to contribute to these infections, and E. coli possesses flagella-dependent swimming motility, flagella-dependent surface motility (often called swarming), and the recently observed pili-dependent surface motility. Surface motility has not been extensively studied, but for the strains that have been tested nonpathogenic E. coli (NPEC) lab strains use pili, NPEC hypermotile derivatives of these lab strains use flagella, and UPEC strains use flagella. Using a representative of these three types of strains, we showed differences in the nutritional and pathway requirements for surface motility with respect to the glucose concentration, the glycolytic pathway utilized, acetogenesis, and the TCA cycle. In addition, glucose controlled flagella synthesis for the NPEC strain, but not for the hypermotile NPEC variant or the UPEC strain. The requirements for surface motility are likely to reflect major metabolic differences between strains for the pathways and regulation of energy metabolism.IMPORTANCEUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections and are an increasing burden on the healthcare system because of recurrence and antibiotic resistance (1, 2). The most common uropathogen is E. coli (3, 4), which is responsible for about 80-90% of community acquired UTIs and 40-50% of nosocomial acquired UTIs (2). Virulence requires both pili and flagella, and either appendage can contribute to surface motility, although surface motility of uropathogenic E. coli has not been examined. We found different appendage, nutrient and pathway requirements for surface motility of a nonpathogenic E. coli lab strain and a uropathogenic E. coli We propose that these differences are the result of differences in the pathways and regulation of energy metabolism.
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Mann R, Mediati DG, Duggin IG, Harry EJ, Bottomley AL. Metabolic Adaptations of Uropathogenic E. coli in the Urinary Tract. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:241. [PMID: 28642845 PMCID: PMC5463501 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli ordinarily resides in the lower gastrointestinal tract in humans, but some strains, known as Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), are also adapted to the relatively harsh environment of the urinary tract. Infections of the urine, bladder and kidneys by UPEC may lead to potentially fatal bloodstream infections. To survive this range of conditions, UPEC strains must have broad and flexible metabolic capabilities and efficiently utilize scarce essential nutrients. Whole-organism (or "omics") methods have recently provided significant advances in our understanding of the importance of metabolic adaptation in the success of UPECs. Here we describe the nutritional and metabolic requirements for UPEC infection in these environments, and focus on particular metabolic responses and adaptations of UPEC that appear to be essential for survival in the urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amy L. Bottomley
- Faculty of Science, The iThree Institute, University of Technology SydneyUltimo, NSW, Australia
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4
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Niller HH, Minarovits J. Patho-epigenetics of Infectious Diseases Caused by Intracellular Bacteria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 879:107-130. [PMID: 26659266 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24738-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular eukaryotes including plants, animals and humans, epigenetic reprogramming may play a role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. Recent studies revealed that in addition to viruses, pathogenic bacteria are also capable to dysregulate the epigenetic machinery of their target cells. In this chapter we focus on epigenetic alterations induced by bacteria infecting humans. Most of them are obligate or facultative intracellular bacteria that produce either bacterial toxins and surface proteins targeting the host cell membrane, or synthesise effector proteins entering the host cell nucleus. These bacterial products typically elicit histone modifications, i.e. alter the "histone code". Bacterial pathogens are capable to induce alterations of host cell DNA methylation patterns, too. Such changes in the host cell epigenotype and gene expression pattern may hinder the antibacterial immune response and create favourable conditions for bacterial colonization, growth, or spread. Epigenetic dysregulation mediated by bacterial products may also facilitate the production of inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators affecting the epigenotype of their target cells. Such indirect epigenetic changes as well as direct interference with the epigenetic machinery of the host cells may contribute to the initiation and progression of malignant tumors associated with distinct bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Helmut Niller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Janos Minarovits
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 64, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.
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5
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Conti SL, Honeycutt J, Odegaard JI, Gonzalgo ML, Hsieh MH. Alterations in DNA methylation may be the key to early detection and treatment of schistosomal bladder cancer. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003696. [PMID: 26042665 PMCID: PMC4456143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon L. Conti
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jared Honeycutt
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Justin I. Odegaard
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mark L. Gonzalgo
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael H. Hsieh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Urology, Children’s National Health System, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Department of Urology, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yan L, Nie W, Lv H. Metabolic phenotyping of the Yersinia high-pathogenicity island that regulates central carbon metabolism. Analyst 2015; 140:3356-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02223h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory effects of the HPI virulence genes on central carbon metabolism differentiate UPEC from non-UPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyu Yan
- Laboratory for Functional Omics and Innovative Chinese Medicines
- Chongqing University Innovative Drug Research Centre
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing 401331
- China
| | - Wenna Nie
- Laboratory for Functional Omics and Innovative Chinese Medicines
- Chongqing University Innovative Drug Research Centre
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing 401331
- China
| | - Haitao Lv
- Laboratory for Functional Omics and Innovative Chinese Medicines
- Chongqing University Innovative Drug Research Centre
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing 401331
- China
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Niller HH, Banati F, Nagy K, Buzas K, Minarovits J. Update on microbe-induced epigenetic changes: bacterial effectors and viral oncoproteins as epigenetic dysregulators. Future Virol 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.13.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pathoepigenetics is a new discipline describing how disturbances in epigenetic regulation alter the epigenotype and gene-expression pattern of human, animal or plant cells. Such ‘epigenetic reprogramming’ may play an important role in the initiation and progression of a wide variety of diseases. Infectious diseases also belong to this category: recent data demonstrated that microbial pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, are capable of dysregulating the epigenetic machinery of their host cell. The resulting heritable changes in host cell gene expression may favor the colonization, growth or spread of infectious pathogens. It may also facilitate the establishment of latency and malignant cell transformation. In this article, we review how bacterial epigenetic effectors and inflammatory processes elicited by bacteria alter the host cell epigenotype, and describe how oncoproteins encoded by human tumor viruses act as epigenetic dysregulators to alter the phenotype and behavior of host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Helmut Niller
- Institute for Medical Microbiology & Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, Regensburg D93053, Germany
| | - Ferenc Banati
- RT-Europe Nonprofit Research Center, H-9200 Mosonmagyarovar, Pozsonyi út 88, Hungary
| | - Katalin Nagy
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery, H-6720 Szeged, Tisza Lajos Krt. 64, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Buzas
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology & Experimental Dental Research, H-6720 Szeged, Tisza Lajos Krt. 64, Hungary
| | - Janos Minarovits
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology & Experimental Dental Research, H-6720 Szeged, Tisza Lajos Krt. 64, Hungary
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Tolg C, Bägli DJ. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli infection: potential importance of epigenetics. Epigenomics 2012; 4:229-35. [PMID: 22449193 DOI: 10.2217/epi.12.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) may be maintained on antibiotic prophylaxis, or even treated by surgery. However, there are no biological data on which to base such treatment selection for the individual patient. This highlights the need for a biological marker that might predict UTI recurrence risk. Infection of mammalian tissues with bacteria, viruses and other pathogens results in the modification of the host cell epigenome, particularly DNA methylation. We recently demonstrated that in vitro infection of bladder uroepithelial cells with uropathogenic Escherichia coli results in hypermethylation of the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A, providing proof-of-concept that uropathogenic E. coli infection modulates the host cell epigenome. If postinfection persistence of UTI-induced uroepithelial DNA hypermethylation were to be associated with subsequent UTI propensity, these epigenetic marks could act as a potential biomarker for UTI recurrence risk and could be used to rationalize and improve treatment of patients with infection-associated uropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Tolg
- Division of Urology, Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 555 University Av., M5G 1X8 Toronto, ON, Canada
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