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Wei L, Xiang Z, Zou Y. The Role of NKG2D and Its Ligands in Autoimmune Diseases: New Targets for Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17545. [PMID: 38139373 PMCID: PMC10744089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells can clear infected and transformed cells and generate tolerance to themselves, which also prevents autoimmune diseases. Natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) is an important activating immune receptor that is expressed on NK cells, CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, and a very small percentage of CD4+ T cells. In contrast, the NKG2D ligand (NKG2D-L) is generally not expressed on normal cells but is overexpressed under stress. Thus, the inappropriate expression of NKG2D-L leads to the activation of self-reactive effector cells, which can trigger or exacerbate autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss the role of NKG2D and NKG2D-L in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), type I diabetes (T1DM), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and celiac disease (CeD). The data suggest that NKG2D and NKG2D-L play a pathogenic role in some autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the development of strategies to block the interaction of NKG2D and NKG2D-L may have therapeutic effects in some autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yizhou Zou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (L.W.); (Z.X.)
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2
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Hammoudi N, Hamoudi S, Bonnereau J, Bottois H, Pérez K, Bezault M, Hassid D, Chardiny V, Grand C, Gergaud B, Bonnet J, Chedouba L, Tran Minh ML, Gornet JM, Baudry C, Corte H, Maggiori L, Toubert A, McBride J, Brochier C, Neighbors M, Le Bourhis L, Allez M. Autologous organoid co-culture model reveals T cell-driven epithelial cell death in Crohn's Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008456. [PMID: 36439157 PMCID: PMC9685428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lympho-epithelial interactions between intestinal T resident memory cells (Trm) and the epithelium have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity. We developed ex vivo autologous organoid-mucosal T cell cocultures to functionally assess lymphoepithelial interactions in Crohn's Disease (CD) patients compared to controls. We demonstrate the direct epithelial cell death induced by autologous mucosal T cells in CD patients but not in controls. These findings were positively correlated with T cell infiltration of the organoids. This potential was inhibited by limiting lympho-epithelial interactions through CD103 and NKG2D blocking antibodies. These data directly demonstrate for the first time the direct deleterious effect of mucosal T cells on the epithelium of CD patients. Such ex-vivo models are promising techniques to unravel the pathophysiology of these diseases and the potential mode of action of current and future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Hammoudi
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, EMiLy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Gastroenterology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis/Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Hamoudi
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, EMiLy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Julie Bonnereau
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, EMiLy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Bottois
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, EMiLy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Pérez
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, EMiLy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Madeleine Bezault
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, EMiLy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Déborah Hassid
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, EMiLy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Gastroenterology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis/Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Victor Chardiny
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, EMiLy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Céline Grand
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, EMiLy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Brice Gergaud
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, EMiLy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Bonnet
- Gastroenterology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis/Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Leila Chedouba
- Gastroenterology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis/Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - My-Linh Tran Minh
- Gastroenterology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis/Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Gornet
- Gastroenterology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis/Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Clotilde Baudry
- Gastroenterology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis/Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Corte
- Digestive Surgery Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis/Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Léon Maggiori
- Digestive Surgery Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis/Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, EMiLy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline McBride
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Margaret Neighbors
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lionel Le Bourhis
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, EMiLy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Allez
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, EMiLy, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Gastroenterology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis/Lariboisière, Paris, France
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Hong SN, Park JY, Yang SY, Lee C, Kim YH, Joung JG. Reduced diversity of intestinal T-cell receptor repertoire in patients with Crohn’s disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:932373. [PMID: 36034703 PMCID: PMC9401206 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.932373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intestinal microenvironment directly determines the human T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Despite its extreme diversity, TCR repertoire analysis may provide a better understanding of the immune system in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Methods To investigate TCR repertoires in the intestinal mucosa, RNA sequencing was performed for inflamed and non-inflamed intestinal mucosa samples obtained from 13 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and healthy mucosa from nine non-IBD controls. Results The gene expression frequency of the TCR repertoire showed a clear separation between inflamed mucosa of patients with CD and healthy mucosa of non-IBD controls in the hierarchical clustering heatmap. The richness of TCR repertoires measured by the Chao1 index did not show a significant difference among groups, whereas diversity measured by the D50 diversity index was decreased in the inflamed mucosa of CD patients. Rare/small TCR clonotypes occupied a large proportion of TCR repertoires in healthy mucosa of controls, whereas expanded clonotypes were common in inflamed mucosa of patients with CD. Segment usages of TRAV2, TRAV22, TRAV40, TRJ14, TRAJ51, TRBV1, TRBV21.1, and TRBJ1.5 were significantly decreased in CD patients. KEGG enrichment analysis identified the enrichment of several KEGG pathways, including inflammatory bowel disease (p = 0.0012), Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation (p = 0.0011), and intestinal immune network for IgA production (p = 0.0468). Conclusions The diversity of the TCR repertoire is reduced in inflamed mucosa of CD patients, which might contribute to intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Noh Hong
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sung Noh Hong, ; ; Je-Gun Joung,
| | - Joo-Young Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Yun Yang
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chansu Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Gun Joung
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sung Noh Hong, ; ; Je-Gun Joung,
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Bachour SP, Shah RS, Rieder F, Qazi T, Achkar JP, Philpott J, Lashner B, Holubar SD, Lightner AL, Barnes EL, Axelrad J, Regueiro M, Click B, Cohen BL. Intra-abdominal septic complications after ileocolic resection increases risk for endoscopic and surgical postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1696-1705. [PMID: 35705188 PMCID: PMC9924045 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative recurrence [POR] of Crohn's disease following ileocolonic resection is common. The impact of immediate postoperative intra-abdominal septic complications [IASC] on endoscopic and surgical recurrence has not been elucidated. AIMS To evaluate if IASC is associated with an increased risk for endoscopic and surgical POR. METHODS This was a retrospective study of adult Crohn's disease patients undergoing ileocolonic resection with primary anastomosis between 2009 and 2020. IASC was defined as anastomotic leak or intra-abdominal abscess within 90 days of the date of surgery. Multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazard modelling were performed to assess the impact of IASC on endoscopic POR [modified Rutgeerts' score ≥ i2b] at index postoperative ileocolonoscopy and long-term surgical recurrence. RESULTS In 535 Crohn's disease patients [median age 35 years, 22.1% active smokers, 35.7% one or more prior resection] had an ileocolonic resection with primary anastomosis. A minority of patients [N = 47; 8.8%] developed postoperative IASC. In total, 422 [78.9%] patients had one or more postoperative ileocolonoscopies, of whom 163 [38.6%] developed endoscopic POR. After adjusting for other risk factors for postoperative recurrence, postoperative IASC was associated with significantly greater odds (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.45 [1.23-4.97]; p = 0.01) and decreased time (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR]: 1.60 [1.04-2.45]; p = 0.03] to endoscopic POR. Furthermore, IASC was associated with increased risk (aOR: 2.3 [1.04-4.87] p = 0.03) and decreased survival-free time [aHR: 2.53 [1.31-4.87]; p = 0.006] for surgical recurrence. CONCLUSION IASC is associated with an increased risk for endoscopic and surgical POR of Crohn's disease. Preoperative optimization to prevent IASC, in addition to postoperative biological prophylaxis, may help reduce the risk for endoscopic and surgical POR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam P Bachour
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ravi S Shah
- Cleveland Clinic Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Cleveland Clinic Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Taha Qazi
- Cleveland Clinic Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jean Paul Achkar
- Cleveland Clinic Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jessica Philpott
- Cleveland Clinic Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bret Lashner
- Cleveland Clinic Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stefan D Holubar
- Cleveland Clinic Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amy L Lightner
- Cleveland Clinic Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edward L Barnes
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jordan Axelrad
- New York University Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Regueiro
- Cleveland Clinic Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Click
- Cleveland Clinic Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin L Cohen
- Correspondence: Benjamin L. Cohen, MD, MAS, Cleveland Clinic Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, 9500 Euclid Ave., A30, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Binienda A, Ziolkowska S, Hauge IH, Salaga M. The Role of Immune and Epithelial Stem Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:1405-1416. [PMID: 32364073 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200504074922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is categorized as Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) and is characterized by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Relapsing symptoms, including abdominal pain, increased stool frequency, loss of appetite as well as anemia contribute to significant deterioration of quality of life. IBD treatment encompasses chemotherapy (e.g. corticosteroids, thiopurines) and biological agents (e.g. antibodies targeting tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 12/23) and surgery. However, efficacy of these therapies is not satisfactory. Thus, scientists are looking for new options in IBD treatment that could induce and maintain remission. OBJECTIVE To summarize previous knowledge about role of different intestinal cells in IBD pathophysiology and application of stem cells in the IBD treatment. RESULTS Recent studies have emphasized an important role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) as well as intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in the IBD pathophysiology suggesting that these types of cells can be new targets for IBD treatment. Moreover, last studies show that stem cells transplantation reduces inflammation in patients suffering from IBD, which are resistant to conventional therapies. CONCLUSION Both hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to restore damaged tissue and regulate the immune system. Autologous HSCs transplantation eliminates autoreactive cells and replace them with new T-cells resulting a long-time remission. Whereas MSCs transplantation is effective therapy in one of the major complications of IBD, perianal fistulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Binienda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Ziolkowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ingvild H Hauge
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Salaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Alexander KL, Zhao Q, Reif M, Rosenberg AF, Mannon PJ, Duck LW, Elson CO. Human Microbiota Flagellins Drive Adaptive Immune Responses in Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:522-535.e6. [PMID: 33844987 PMCID: PMC8489510 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are characterized by dysregulated adaptive immune responses to the microbiota in genetically susceptible individuals, but the specificity of these responses remains largely undefined. Therefore, we developed a microbiota antigen microarray to characterize microbial antibody reactivity, particularly to human-derived microbiota flagellins, in inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Sera from healthy volunteers (n = 87) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and from patients recruited from the Kirklin Clinic of University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, including patients with Crohn's disease (n = 152) and ulcerative colitis (n = 170), were individually probed against microbiota bacterial flagellins of both mouse and human origin and analyzed for IgG and IgA antibody responses. Circulating flagellin-reactive T effector (CD4+CD154+) and T regulatory (CD4+CD137+) cells were isolated and evaluated in selected patients. Resulting adaptive immune responses were compared with corresponding clinical data to determine relevancy to disease behavior. RESULTS We show that patients with IBD express selective patterns of antibody reactivity to microbiota flagellins. Patients with Crohn's disease, but not patients with ulcerative colitis, display augmented serum IgG to human ileal-localized Lachnospiraceae flagellins, with a subset of patients having high responses to more than 10 flagellins. Elevated responses to CBir1, a mouse Lachnospiraceae flagellin used clinically to diagnose CD, correlated with multi-Lachnospiraceae flagellin reactivity. In this subset of patients with CD, multi-flagellin reactivity was associated with elevated flagellin-specific CD154+CD45RA- T memory cells, a reduced ratio of flagellin-reactive CD4+ T regulatory to T effector cells, and a high frequency of disease complications. CONCLUSIONS Patients with Crohn's disease display strong adaptive immune response to human-derived Lachnospiraceae flagellins, which may be targeted for prognosis and future personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Meagan Reif
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Alexander F. Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama,Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Peter J. Mannon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical
Service, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lennard Wayne Duck
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Charles O. Elson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Ur Rahman A, Hussain I, Hasan B, Ur Rashid M, Tandon KS, Castro F. Association of Complicated Diverticulitis With Development of De Novo Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1061-1067. [PMID: 33237324 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a historic similarity in the epidemiology and pathophysiology of diverticular disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Because there are limited to no data on the role of diverticulitis as a potential risk factor for de novo IBD, we aimed to evaluate the role of diverticulitis and complicated diverticulitis as a potential predictor of IBD. METHODS We performed a retrospective, single-center study including patients older than age 18 years who were diagnosed with diverticulitis from January 2012 until December 2018 without a prior diagnosis of IBD. These patients were then evaluated for development of IBD. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to compare the characteristics and outcomes between patients who did or did not develop IBD. RESULTS A total of 2770 patients were diagnosed with diverticulitis from 2012 until 2018. Of these patients, 17 were diagnosed with IBD, resulting in an incidence rate of 0.23% per patient-year. The incidence rate among patients who required surgery for diverticulitis was 0.44% per patient-year, and patients with complicated diverticulitis had an incidence rate of 0.91% per patient-year. Univariate analysis showed that the need for surgery related to diverticulitis (hazard ratio [HR], 6.27; P = 0.003) and complicated diverticulitis was associated with the development of IBD (HR, 14.71; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that complicated diverticulitis was the sole factor associated with IBD (HR, 10.34; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with diverticulitis are at a higher risk of developing de novo IBD. This risk is highest in patients with complicated diverticulitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ur Rahman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
| | - Ishtiaq Hussain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
| | - Badar Hasan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
| | - Mamoon Ur Rashid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Fernando Castro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
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The Role of Inflammation in Crohn's Disease Recurrence after Surgical Treatment. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8846982. [PMID: 33426097 PMCID: PMC7781709 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8846982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Postoperative recurrence after surgery for Crohn's disease (CD) is virtually inevitable, and its mechanism is poorly known. Aim To review the numerous factors involved in CD postoperative recurrence (POR) pathogenesis, focusing on single immune system components as well as the immune system as a whole and highlighting the clinical significance in terms of preventive strategies and future perspectives. Methods A systematic literature search on CD POR, followed by a review of the main findings. Results The immune system plays a pivotal role in CD POR, with many different factors involved. Memory T-lymphocytes retained in mesenteric lymph nodes seem to represent the main driving force. New pathophysiology-based preventive strategies in the medical and surgical fields may help reduce POR rates. In particular, surgical strategies have already been developed and are currently under investigation. Conclusions POR is a complex phenomenon, whose driving mechanisms are gradually being unraveled. New preventive strategies addressing these mechanisms seem promising.
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Rosati E, Pogorelyy MV, Dowds CM, Moller FT, Sorensen SB, Lebedev YB, Frey N, Schreiber S, Spehlmann ME, Andersen V, Mamedov IZ, Franke A. Identification of Disease-associated Traits and Clonotypes in the T Cell Receptor Repertoire of Monozygotic Twins Affected by Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:778-790. [PMID: 31711184 PMCID: PMC7346890 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] is thought to be T cell mediated and therefore dependent on the interaction between the T cell receptor [TCR] and human leukocyte antigen [HLA] proteins expressed on antigen presenting cells. The collection of all TCRs in one individual, known as the TCR repertoire, is characterised by enormous diversity and inter-individual variability. It was shown that healthy monozygotic [MZ] twins are more similar in their TCR repertoire than unrelated individuals. Therefore MZ twins, concordant or discordant for IBD, may be useful to identify disease-related and non-genetic factors in the TCR repertoire which could potentially be used as disease biomarkers. METHODS Employing unique molecular barcoding that can distinguish between polymerase chain reaction [PCR] artefacts and true sequence variation, we performed deep TCRα and TCRβ repertoire profiling of the peripheral blood of 28 MZ twin pairs from Denmark and Germany, 24 of whom were discordant and four concordant for IBD. RESULTS We observed disease- and smoking-associated traits such as sharing, diversity and abundance of specific clonotypes in the TCR repertoire of IBD patients, and particularly in patients with active disease, compared with their healthy twins. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identified TCR repertoire features specific for smokers and IBD patients, particularly when signs of disease activity were present. These findings are a first step towards the application of TCR repertoire analyses as a valuable tool to characterise inflammatory bowel diseases and to identify potential biomarkers and true disease causes.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- C-Reactive Protein/analysis
- Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis
- Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/physiopathology
- Crohn Disease/diagnosis
- Crohn Disease/immunology
- Crohn Disease/physiopathology
- Denmark
- Feces
- Female
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor alpha
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta
- Germany
- Humans
- Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex/analysis
- Male
- Patient Acuity
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/blood
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Smoking/immunology
- Twins, Monozygotic
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rosati
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mikhail V Pogorelyy
- Laboratory of comparative and functional genomic, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University [RNRMU], Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - C Marie Dowds
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frederik T Moller
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe B Sorensen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yuri B Lebedev
- Laboratory of comparative and functional genomic, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina E Spehlmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- IRS-Center Sønderjylland, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ilgar Z Mamedov
- Laboratory of comparative and functional genomic, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University [RNRMU], Moscow, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of molecular biology, Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Corresponding author: Andre Franke, Dr. rer. nat.., Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology,Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel,Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12,D- 24105 Kiel,Germany. Tel,: 49 179 485 1891;
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Allez M, Auzolle C, Ngollo M, Bottois H, Chardiny V, Corraliza AM, Salas A, Perez K, Stefanescu C, Nancey S, Buisson A, Pariente B, Fumery M, Sokol H, Tréton X, Barnich N, Seksik P, Le Bourhis L. T cell clonal expansions in ileal Crohn's disease are associated with smoking behaviour and postoperative recurrence. Gut 2019; 68:1961-1970. [PMID: 30792246 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED T cell clonal expansions are present in the inflamed mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and may be implicated in postoperative recurrence after ileocolonic resection. METHODS T cell receptor (TCR) analysis was performed in 57 patients included in a prospective multicentre cohort. Endoscopic recurrence was defined by a Rutgeerts score >i0. DNA and mRNA were extracted from biopsies collected from the surgical specimen and endoscopy, and analysed by high throughput sequencing and microarray, respectively. RESULTS TCR repertoire in the mucosa of patients with CD displayed diverse clonal expansions. Active smokers at time of surgery had a significantly increased proportion of clonal expansions as compared with non-smokers (25.9%vs17.9%, p=0.02). The percentage of high frequency clones in the surgical specimen was significantly higher in patients with recurrence and correlated with postoperative endoscopic recurrence (area under the curve (AUC) 0.69, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.83). All patients with clonality above 26.8% (18/57) had an endoscopic recurrence. These patients with a high clonality were more frequently smokers than patients with a low clonality (61% vs 23%, p=0.005). The persistence of a similar TCR repertoire at postoperative endoscopy was associated with smoking and disease recurrence. Patients with high clonality showed increased expression of genes associated with CD8 T cells and reduced expression of inflammation-related genes. Expanded clones were found predominantly in the CD8 T cell compartment. CONCLUSION Clonal T cell expansions are implicated in postoperative endoscopic recurrence. CD patients with increased proportion of clonal T cell expansions in the ileal mucosa represent a subgroup associated with smoking and where pathogenesis appears as T cell driven. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03458195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Allez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,INSERM U1160, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Claire Auzolle
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | | | - Hugo Bottois
- INSERM U1160, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Azucena Salas
- Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin Perez
- INSERM U1160, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Stefanescu
- Service de Gastroentérologie, MICI et Assistance Nutritive, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Stéphane Nancey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Benite, Lyon, France
| | - Anthony Buisson
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benjamin Pariente
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hopital Claude huriez, Lille, France
| | - Mathurin Fumery
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, CHU Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hopital Saint-Antoine, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Xavier Tréton
- Service de Gastroentérologie, MICI et Assistance Nutritive, Hopital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- M2iSH, UMR Inserm U1071, USC INRA 2018, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Seksik
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hopital Saint-Antoine, Paris, Île-de-France, France
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11
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Intestinal Organoids as a Novel Complementary Model to Dissect Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8010645. [PMID: 31015842 PMCID: PMC6444246 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8010645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) include colitis ulcerosa and Crohn's disease, besides the rare microscopic colitis. Both diseases show a long-lasting, relapsing-remitting, or even chronic active course with tremendous impact on quality of life. IBDs frequently cause disability, surgical interventions, and high costs; as in other autoimmune diseases, their prevalent occurrence at an early phase of life raises the burden on health care systems. Unfortunately, our understanding of the pathogenesis is still incomplete and treatment therefore largely focuses on suppressing the resulting excessive inflammation. One obstacle for deciphering the causative processes is the scarcity of models that parallel the development of the disease, since intestinal inflammation is mostly induced artificially; moreover, the intestinal epithelium, which strongly contributes to IBD pathogenesis, is difficult to assess. Recently, the development of intestinal epithelial organoids has overcome many of those problems. Here, we give an overview on the current understanding of the pathogenesis of IBDs with reference to the limitations of previous well-established experimental models. We highlight the advantages and detriments of recent organoid-based experimental setups within the IBD field and suggest possible future applications.
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12
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Expanded TCRβ CDR3 clonotypes distinguish Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1487-1495. [PMID: 29988119 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether the TCR repertoires of Crohn's disease (CD) patients contain highly prevalent disease-specific T-cell clonotypes reflective of the characteristic and highly shared aberrant serum antibody reactivity to gut commensal flagellin antigens. The CD4 TCRβ CDR3 sequence repertoires from active CD (n = 20) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 10) patients were significantly more diverse, and individual sequences over-represented, compared to healthy controls (HC) (n = 97). While a very small number of expanded public CDR3 sequences are highly shared between active CD and UC, the majority of significantly expanded TCRβ CDR3 clonotypes are private to CD and UC patients with equivalent prevalence among IBD patients. Further defining TCR clonotypes by Vβ-CDR3 linkage showed significant differences in the TCR repertoires between UC and CD. Flagellin antigen exposure induced expansion of several TCRβ CDR3 sequences in CD4 cells from a flagellin-seropositive subject including sequences highly shared by or relatively private to CD (and UC) patients. These data suggest that flagellin-reactivity contributes to the expansion of a small number of CD4 clonotypes but does not support flagellin antigens as predominantly driving CD4 cell proliferation in CD. Disease-specific expanded TCRβ CDR3 clonotypes characterize CD and UC and the shared exposure to the gamut of gut microbial antigens.
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13
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Lin Z, Han S, Qian X, Hu C, Xiao W, Qian L, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Jia X, Zhu G, Gong W. Regulatory NK1.1 -CD4 +NKG2D + subset induced by NKG2DL + cells promotes tumor evasion in mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1159-1173. [PMID: 29802426 PMCID: PMC11028319 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells play critical roles in self-tolerance and tumor evasion. CD4+NKG2D+ cells with regulatory activity are present in patients with NKG2DL+ tumors and juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. We previously showed that TGF-β-producing CD4+NKG2D+ T cells are present in pCD86-Rae-1ε transgenic mice. Here, we performed both ex vivo and in vivo studies on pCD86-Rae-1ε transgenic mice and an MC38 tumor-bearing mouse model and show that NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cells have regulatory activity in pCD86-Rae-1ε transgenic mice. Furthermore, this T-cell subset was induced in mice transplanted with NKG2DL+ tumor cells and produced TGF-β and FasL, and secreted low amounts of IFN-γ. This T-cell subset downregulated the function of effector T cells and dendritic cells, which were abolished by anti-TGF-β antibody. In vivo, adoptive transfer of NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cells promoted TGF-β-dependent tumor growth in mice. We further found that ex vivo induction of NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cells was dependent on both anti-CD3 and NKG2DL stimulation. Furthermore, regulatory NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cells did not express Foxp3 or CD25 and expressed intermediate levels of T-bet. Western-blotting showed that STAT3 signaling was activated in NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cells of MC38 tumor-bearing and pCD86-Rae-1ε transgenic mice. In conclusion, we describe a regulatory NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T-cell population, different from other regulatory T cells and abnormally elevated in pCD86-Rae-1ε transgenic and MC38 tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Lin
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 E. Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Han
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Qian
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Hu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 E. Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 E. Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weijuan Gong
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 E. Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Babic M, Romagnani C. The Role of Natural Killer Group 2, Member D in Chronic Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1219. [PMID: 29910814 PMCID: PMC5992374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current medicine and medical science puts great effort into elucidating the basis of chronicity and finding appropriate treatments for inflammatory diseases; however, the mechanisms driving aberrant immune responses are mostly unknown and deserve further study. Of particular interest is the identification of checkpoints that regulate the function and differentiation of pro-inflammatory cells during pathogenesis, along with means of their modulation for therapeutic purposes. Natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) is a potent activator of the immune system, known as a sensor for “induced-self” ligands, i.e., cellular danger signals that, in the context of chronic inflammation and autoimmunity, can be presented by cells being exposed to an inflammatory cytokine milieu, endoplasmic reticulum stress, or cell death. Engagement by such ligands can be translated by NKG2D into activation or co-stimulation of NK cells and different subsets of T cells, respectively, thus contributing to the regulation of the inflammatory response. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the contribution of the NKG2D–NKG2DL signaling axis during intestinal inflammation, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, where the role of NKG2D has been associated either by aberrant expression of the receptor and its ligands and/or by functional data in corresponding mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Babic
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Medical Department I, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Medical Department I, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Stojanovic A, Correia MP, Cerwenka A. The NKG2D/NKG2DL Axis in the Crosstalk Between Lymphoid and Myeloid Cells in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:827. [PMID: 29740438 PMCID: PMC5924773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) receptor is a type II transmembrane protein expressed by both innate and adaptive immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells, invariant NKT cells, γδ T cells, and some CD4+ T cells under certain pathological conditions. NKG2D is an activating NK receptor that induces cytotoxicity and production of cytokines by effector cells and supports their proliferation and survival upon engagement with its ligands. In both innate and T cell populations, NKG2D can costimulate responses induced by other receptors, such as TCR in T cells or NKp46 in NK cells. NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) are remarkably diverse. Initially, NKG2DL expression was typically attributed to stressed, infected, or transformed cells, thus signaling “dysregulated-self.” However, many reports indicated their expression under homeostatic conditions, usually in the context of cell activation and/or proliferation. Myeloid cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), are among the first cells sensing and responding to pathogens and tissue damage. By secreting a plethora of soluble mediators, by presenting antigens to T cells and by expressing costimulatory molecules, myeloid cells play vital roles in inducing and supporting responses of other immune cells in lymphoid organs and tissues. When activated, both macrophages and DCs upregulate NKG2DLs, thereby enabling them with additional mechanisms for regulating lymphocyte responses. In this review, we will focus on the expression of NKG2D by innate and adaptive lymphocytes, the regulation of NKG2DL expression on myeloid cells, and the contribution of the NKG2D/NKG2DL axis to the crosstalk of myeloid cells with NKG2D-expressing lymphocytes. In addition, we will highlight pathophysiological conditions associated with NKG2D/NKG2DL dysregulation and discuss the putative involvement of the NKG2D/NKG2DL axis in the lymphocyte/myeloid cell crosstalk in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Stojanovic
- Innate Immunity (D080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Margareta P Correia
- Innate Immunity (D080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Innate Immunity (D080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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16
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Magnuson AM, Fouts JK, Regan DP, Booth AD, Dow SW, Foster MT. Adipose tissue extrinsic factor: Obesity-induced inflammation and the role of the visceral lymph node. Physiol Behav 2018; 190:71-81. [PMID: 29501838 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related adverse health consequences occur predominately in individuals with upper body fat distribution commonly associated with increased central adiposity. Visceral adipose tissue accumulation is described to be the greatest driver of obesity-induced inflammation, however evidence also supports that the intestines fundamentally contribute to the development of obesity-induced metabolic disease. The visceral adipose depot shares the same vasculature and lymph drainage as the small intestine. We hypothesize that the visceral lymph node, which drains adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract, is central to the exacerbation of systemic pro-inflammation. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed CHOW or high fat diet (HFD) for 7 weeks. At termination the mesenteric depot, visceral lymph node and ileum, jejunum and Peyer's patches were collected. Cytokine concentration was determined in adipose tissue whereas immune cell populations where investigated in the visceral lymph node and intestinal segments by flow cytometry. Visceral adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract mutually influence immune cells enclosed within the visceral lymph node. HFD increased visceral lymph node immune cell number. This likely resulted from 1.) an increase in immune cells migration from the small intestines likely from activated dendritic cells that travel to the lymph node and 2.) cytokine effluent from visceral adipose tissue that promoted expansion, survival and retention of pro-inflammatory immune cells. Overall, the visceral lymph node, the immune nexus of visceral adipose tissue and the small intestines, likely plays a fundamental role in exacerbation of systemic pro-inflammation by HFD-induced obesity. The research of Tim Bartness greatly enhanced the understanding of adipose tissue regulation. Studies from his laboratory significantly contributed to our awareness of extrinsic factors that influence body fatness levels. Specifically, the work he produced eloquently demonstrated that adipose tissue was more complex than an insulating storage center; it was connected to our brains via the sympathetic and sensory nervous system. Mapping studies demonstrated that adipose tissue both receives and sends information to the brain. Further, his lab demonstrated that nervous system connections contributed to lipolysis, thermogenesis and adipocyte proliferation and growth. The work of Tim Bartness will continue to influence adipose tissue research. As such, Tim Bartness directly inspired the following research. Adipose tissue extrinsic factors are not limited to the peripheral nervous system. The lymphatic system is an additional extrinsic factor that cross talks with adipose tissue, however its role in this context is under emphasized. Here we begin to elucidate how the lymphatic system may contribute to the comorbidities associated with visceral adipose tissue accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel P Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Steve W Dow
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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17
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Allez M, Skolnick BE, Wisniewska-Jarosinska M, Petryka R, Overgaard RV. Anti-NKG2D monoclonal antibody (NNC0142-0002) in active Crohn's disease: a randomised controlled trial. Gut 2017; 66:1918-1925. [PMID: 27489241 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-NKG2D (NNC0142-0002) is an antagonising human immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody that binds to natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptors, which are expressed by T cells and innate lymphoid cells, and may be linked to mucosal damage in Crohn's disease (CD). DESIGN Seventy-eight patients (aged ≥18 and ≤75 years) with CD for ≥3 months, Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) ≥220 and ≤450 and either C-reactive protein ≥10 mg/L or endoscopic evidence of inflammation, were randomised 1:1 to a single subcutaneous (SC) dose of 2 mg/kg anti-NKG2D or placebo. Primary endpoint was change in CDAI (ΔCDAI) from baseline to week 4. Prespecified significance level was 10% for CDAI endpoints. A futility analysis was instituted due to slow recruitment. RESULTS Primary endpoint was not significantly different between anti-NKG2D and placebo (week 4 ΔCDAI=-16); however, there was a significant difference by week 12 (ΔCDAI=-55; p≤0.10). Significant improvements were noted in the non-failure to biologics subgroup (treated with anti-NKG2D (n=28)) from week 1 onward. Greater effects of anti-NKG2D were also observed in patients with baseline CDAI ≥330. Frequencies of adverse events (AEs) were comparable between anti-NKG2D and placebo. Most AEs were mild (49%) or moderate (43%). No antidrug antibodies were observed. CONCLUSIONS A single SC dose of 2 mg/kg anti-NKG2D did not reduce disease activity at week 4 versus placebo, but the difference was significant at week 12, and effects were evident in key subgroups. These data support further development of anti-NKG2D in IBD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01203631.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Allez
- Department of Gastroenterology, APHP, Hôpital Saint Louis, INSERM UMRS 1160, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité University, Paris, France
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18
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Anti-NKG2D mAb: A New Treatment for Crohn's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091997. [PMID: 28926962 PMCID: PMC5618646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are immunologically-mediated, debilitating conditions resulting from destructive inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis of IBD is incompletely understood, but is considered to be the result of an abnormal immune response with a wide range of cell types and proteins involved. Natural Killer Group 2D (NKG2D) is an activating receptor constitutively expressed on human Natural Killer (NK), γδ T, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT), CD56+ T, and CD8+ T cells. Activation of NKG2D triggers cellular proliferation, cytokine production, and target cell killing. Research into the NKG2D mechanism of action has primarily been focused on cancer and viral infections where cytotoxicity evasion is a concern. In human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) this system is less characterized, but the ligands have been shown to be highly expressed during intestinal inflammation and the following receptor activation may contribute to tissue degeneration. A recent phase II clinical trial showed that an antibody against NKG2D induced clinical remission of CD in some patients, suggesting NKG2D and its ligands to be of importance in the pathogenesis of CD. This review will describe the receptor and its ligands in intestinal tissues and the clinical potential of blocking NKG2D in Crohn’s disease.
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19
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Doorenspleet ME, Westera L, Peters CP, Hakvoort TBM, Esveldt RE, Vogels E, van Kampen AHC, Baas F, Buskens C, Bemelman WA, D'Haens G, Ponsioen CY, Te Velde AA, de Vries N, van den Brink GR. Profoundly Expanded T-cell Clones in the Inflamed and Uninflamed Intestine of Patients With Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:831-839. [PMID: 28158397 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM T cells are key players in the chronic intestinal inflammation that characterises Crohn's disease. Here we aim to map the intestinal T-cell receptor [TCR] repertoire in patients with Crohn's disease, using next-generation sequencing technology to examine the clonality of the T-cell compartment in relation to mucosal inflammation and response to therapy. METHODS Biopsies were taken from endoscopically inflamed and uninflamed ileum and colon of 19 patients with Crohn's disease. From this cohort, additional biopsies were taken after 8 weeks of remission induction therapy from eight responders and eight non-responders. Control biopsies from 11 patients without inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] were included. The TCRβ repertoire was analysed by next-generation sequencing of biopsy RNA. RESULTS Both in Crohn's disease patients and in non-IBD controls, a broad intestinal T-cell repertoire was found, with a considerable part consisting of expanded clones. Clones in Crohn's disease were more expanded [p = 0.008], with the largest clones representing up to as much as 58% of the total repertoire. There was a substantial overlap of the repertoire between inflamed and uninflamed tissue and between ileum and colon. Following therapy, responders showed larger changes in the T-cell repertoire than non-responders, although a considerable part of the repertoire remained unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The intestinal T-cell repertoire distribution in Crohn's disease is different from that in the normal gut, containing profoundly expanded T-cell clones that take up a large part of the repertoire. The T-cell repertoire is fairly stable regardless of endoscopic mucosal inflammation or response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Doorenspleet
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Westera
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C P Peters
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T B M Hakvoort
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R E Esveldt
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Vogels
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H C van Kampen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherland
| | - F Baas
- Laboratory for Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Buskens
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W A Bemelman
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G D'Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Y Ponsioen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A A Te Velde
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N de Vries
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G R van den Brink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Qian X, Hu C, Han S, Lin Z, Xiao W, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Qian L, Jia X, Zhu G, Gong W. NK1.1 - CD4 + NKG2D + T cells suppress DSS-induced colitis in mice through production of TGF-β. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1431-1444. [PMID: 28224733 PMCID: PMC5487917 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+NKG2D+ T cells are associated with tumour, infection and autoimmune diseases. Some CD4+NKG2D+ T cells secrete IFN‐γ and TNF‐α to promote inflammation, but others produce TGF‐β and FasL to facilitate tumour evasion. Here, murine CD4+NKG2D+ T cells were further classified into NK1.1−CD4+NKG2D+ and NK1.1+CD4+NKG2D+ subpopulations. The frequency of NK1.1−CD4+NKG2D+ cells decreased in inflamed colons, whereas more NK1.1+CD4+NKG2D+ cells infiltrated into colons of mice with DSS‐induced colitis. NK1.1−CD4+NKG2D+ cells expressed TGF‐β and FasL without secreting IFN‐γ, IL‐21 and IL‐17 and displayed no cytotoxicity. The adoptive transfer of NK1.1−CD4+NKG2D+ cells suppressed DSS‐induced colitis largely dependent on TGF‐β. NK1.1−CD4+NKG2D+ cells did not expressed Foxp3, CD223 (LAG‐3) and GITR. The subpopulation was distinct from NK1.1+CD4+NKG2D+ cells in terms of surface markers and RNA transcription. NK1.1−CD4+NKG2D+ cells also differed from Th2 or Th17 cells because the former did not express GATA‐3 and ROR‐γt. Thus, NK1.1−CD4+NKG2D+ cells exhibited immune regulatory functions, and this T cell subset could be developed to suppress inflammation in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sen Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weijuan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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21
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Characterization of T-cell Receptor Repertoire in Inflamed Tissues of Patients with Crohn's Disease Through Deep Sequencing. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:1275-85. [PMID: 27135481 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal tissues of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) contain expanded populations of T cells which are believed to mediate inflammation. We performed a detailed characterization of these T-cell repertoires. METHODS We obtained biopsies from the neoterminal ileum of 12 patients undergoing evaluation for postoperative recurrent CD and 4 individuals with normal terminal ileum and no history of inflammatory bowel disease (controls). Samples of diseased terminal ileum were obtained from 5 patients undergoing surgery for stricturing or penetrating CD. Total RNA was extracted from tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and cDNAs were generated. We used next-generation sequencing to characterize T-cell receptor (TCR)-α and TCR-β cDNAs in ileal mucosal tissue and matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 17 patients with CD to identify oligoclonal expansions of T-cell populations associated with CD. RESULTS TCR diversity in mucosal tissue was significantly lower than that of matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating expansion of certain T-cell populations in inflamed intestinal tissue. A single TCR-β clonotype, CASSWTNGEQYF (TRBV10-1-TRBJ2-7), was enriched at a frequency of 7.0% to 28.9% in the neoterminal ileum of 4 of 12 patients with recurrent CD. The abundance of this clonotype significantly correlated with the severity of disease recurrence, based on Rutgeerts score (P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Specific populations of T cells are expanded in the inflamed intestinal mucosa of patients with CD; their abundance correlates with severity of disease recurrence. Studies of these T cells could provide information about mechanisms of CD pathogenesis. Deep TCR sequencing is a powerful tool that rapidly provides in-depth, real-time assessment of the T-cell repertoire.
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22
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Boschetti G, Nancey S, Moussata D, Cotte E, Francois Y, Flourié B, Kaiserlian D. Enrichment of Circulating and Mucosal Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cells Is Associated with Postoperative Endoscopic Recurrence in Patients with Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:338-45. [PMID: 26589954 PMCID: PMC4957475 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjv211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence from mouse colitis models indicates that cytotoxic CD8+ T cells [CTL] play a key role in the initiation of gut lesions. We investigated whether changes in CD8+ CTL in blood or lamina propria [LP] of the neoterminal ileum were associated with postoperative endoscopic recurrence of Crohn's disease [CD]. METHODS A total of 37 CD patients with ileocolonic resection were endoscopically followed up at 6 and 12 months post-surgery. CD8+ T cells were analysed by flow cytometry in blood and ileal LP. RESULTS Granzyme B- and perforin-producing CD8+ T cells were significantly increased at 6 months in blood and in ileum LP in patients with endoscopic recurrence, as compared with those in remission. At a cutoff point of 45% of CD8+ CTL, the overall accuracies of the frequency of blood granzyme B+ or perforin+ CD8+ T cells to identify patients with postoperative endoscopic recurrence were 77% and 83%, respectively. Interestingly, patients with endoscopic recurrence at 12 months were those showing the highest mucosal CD8+ CTL frequency at 6 months, while still in remission. CONCLUSIONS Enrichment of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in blood and ileal mucosa coincides with CD postoperative endoscopic recurrence. This underscores that CD8 CTL may play a pathophysiological role in the initiation of gut lesions during CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Boschetti
- International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France,INSERM U1111, Team Immunity, Vaccination and Biotherapy,Lyon, France,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France,
The first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Stephane Nancey
- International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France,INSERM U1111, Team Immunity, Vaccination and Biotherapy,Lyon, France,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France,
The first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Driffa Moussata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Eddy Cotte
- Department of Surgery,Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Yves Francois
- Department of Surgery,Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Bernard Flourié
- International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France,INSERM U1111, Team Immunity, Vaccination and Biotherapy,Lyon, France,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France,
The last two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Dominique Kaiserlian
- International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France,INSERM U1111, Team Immunity, Vaccination and Biotherapy,Lyon, France,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France,
The last two authors contributed equally to this work
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23
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Hansen JJ. Immune Responses to Intestinal Microbes in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015; 15:61. [PMID: 26306907 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by chronic, T-cell-mediated inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that can cause significant, lifelong morbidity. Data from both human and animal studies indicate that IBDs are likely caused by dysregulated immune responses to resident intestinal microbes. Certain products from mycobacteria, fungi, and Clostridia stimulate increased effector T cell responses during intestinal inflammation, whereas other bacterial products from Clostridia and Bacteroides promote anti-inflammatory regulatory T cell responses. Antibody responses to bacterial and fungal components may help predict the severity of IBDs. While most currently approved treatments for IBDs generally suppress the patient's immune system, our growing understanding of microbial influences in IBDs will likely lead to the development of new diagnostic tools and therapies that target the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Hansen
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7032, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7032, USA,
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24
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Riaz T, Sollid LM, Olsen I, de Souza GA. Quantitative Proteomics of Gut-Derived Th1 and Th1/Th17 Clones Reveal the Presence of CD28+ NKG2D- Th1 Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:1007-16. [PMID: 26637539 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.050138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T-helper cells are differentiated from CD4+ T cells and are traditionally characterized by inflammatory or immunosuppressive responses in contrast to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Mass-spectrometry studies on T-helper cells are rare. In this study, we aimed to identify the proteomes of human Th1 and Th1/Th17 clones derived from intestinal biopsies of Crohn's disease patients and to identify differentially expressed proteins between the two phenotypes. Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease, with predominantly Th1- and Th17-mediated response where cells of the "mixed" phenotype Th1/Th17 have also been commonly found. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used for protein identification and quantitation. In total, we identified 7401 proteins from Th1 and Th1/Th17 clones, where 334 proteins were differentially expressed. Major differences were observed in cytotoxic proteins that were overrepresented in the Th1 clones. The findings were validated by flow cytometry analyses using staining with anti-granzyme B and anti-perforin and by a degranulation assay, confirming higher cytotoxic features of Th1 compared with Th1/Th17 clones. By testing a larger panel of T-helper cell clones from seven different Crohn's disease patients, we concluded that only a subgroup of the Th1 cell clones had cytotoxic features, and these expressed the surface markers T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 and were negative for expression of natural killer group 2 member D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Riaz
- From the Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Ludvig Magne Sollid
- From the Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Olsen
- From the Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Section for Immunology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevaalsveien 68, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gustavo Antonio de Souza
- From the Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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25
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Garcia-Chagollan M, Jave-Suarez LF, Haramati J, Bueno-Topete MR, Aguilar-Lemarroy A, Estrada-Chavez C, Bastidas-Ramirez BE, Pereira-Suarez AL, Del Toro-Arreola S. An approach to the immunophenotypic features of circulating CD4⁺NKG2D⁺ T cells in invasive cervical carcinoma. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:91. [PMID: 26486970 PMCID: PMC4615321 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NKG2D, an activating immunoreceptor, is primarily restricted to NK cells and CD8+ T cells. The existence of an atypical cytotoxic CD4+NKG2D+ T cell population has also been found in patients with autoimmune dysfunctions. Nonetheless, contradictory evidence has categorized this population with a regulatory rather than cytotoxic role in other situations. These confounding data have led to the proposal that two distinct CD4+NKG2D+ T cell subsets might exist. The immune response elicited in cervical cancer has been characterized by apparent contradictions concerning the role that T cells, in particular T-helper cells, might be playing in the control of the tumor growth. Interestingly, we recently reported a substantial increase in the frequency of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade-1. However, whether this particular population is also found in patients with more advanced cervical lesions or whether they express a distinctive phenotype remains still to be clarified. In this urgent study, we focused our attention on the immunophenotypic characterization of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells in patients with well-established cervical carcinoma and revealed the existence of at least two separate CD4+NKG2D+ T cell subsets defined by the co-expression or absence of CD28. Results Patients with diagnosis of invasive cervical carcinoma were enrolled in the study. A group of healthy individuals was also included. Multicolor flow cytometry was used for exploration of TCR alpha/beta, CD28, CD158b, CD45RO, HLA-DR, CD161, and CD107a. A Luminex-based cytokine kit was used to quantify the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. We found an increased percentage of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells in patients with cervical cancer when compared with controls. Accordingly with an increase of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells, we found decreased CD28 expression. The activating or degranulation markers HLA-DR, CD161, and CD107a were heterogeneously expressed. The levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 were negatively correlated with the percentages of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells in patients with cervical carcinoma. Conclusions Taken together, our results reveal the existence of two separate CD4+NKG2D+ T cell subsets defined by the co-expression or absence of CD28, the latter more likely to be present in patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Garcia-Chagollan
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Inmunología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada # 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Luis Felipe Jave-Suarez
- División de Inmunología, CIBO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Jesse Haramati
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Miriam Ruth Bueno-Topete
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Adriana Aguilar-Lemarroy
- División de Inmunología, CIBO, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Ciro Estrada-Chavez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Blanca Estela Bastidas-Ramirez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Ana Laura Pereira-Suarez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Inmunología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada # 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Susana Del Toro-Arreola
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Inmunología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada # 950, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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26
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Understanding host-adherent-invasive Escherichia coli interaction in Crohn's disease: opening up new therapeutic strategies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:567929. [PMID: 25580435 PMCID: PMC4279263 DOI: 10.1155/2014/567929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A trillion of microorganisms colonize the mammalian intestine. Most of them have coevolved with the host in a symbiotic relationship and some of them have developed strategies to promote their replication in the presence of competing microbiota. Recent evidence suggests that perturbation of the microbial community favors the emergence of opportunistic pathogens, in particular adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) that can increase incidence and severity of gut inflammation in the context of Crohn's disease (CD). This review will report the importance of AIEC as triggers of intestinal inflammation, focusing on their impact on epithelial barrier function and stimulation of mucosal inflammation. Beyond manipulation of immune response, restoration of gut microbiota as a new treatment option for CD patients will be discussed.
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