1
|
Basalova N, Alexandrushkina N, Grigorieva O, Kulebyakina M, Efimenko A. Fibroblast Activation Protein Alpha (FAPα) in Fibrosis: Beyond a Perspective Marker for Activated Stromal Cells? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1718. [PMID: 38136590 PMCID: PMC10742035 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of tissue fibrosis is a complex process involving the interaction of multiple cell types, which makes the search for antifibrotic agents rather challenging. So far, myofibroblasts have been considered the key cell type that mediated the development of fibrosis and thus was the main target for therapy. However, current strategies aimed at inhibiting myofibroblast function or eliminating them fail to demonstrate sufficient effectiveness in clinical practice. Therefore, today, there is an unmet need to search for more reliable cellular targets to contribute to fibrosis resolution or the inhibition of its progression. Activated stromal cells, capable of active proliferation and invasive growth into healthy tissue, appear to be such a target population due to their more accessible localization in the tissue and their high susceptibility to various regulatory signals. This subpopulation is marked by fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAPα). For a long time, FAPα was considered exclusively a marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts. However, accumulating data are emerging on the diverse functions of FAPα, which suggests that this protein is not only a marker but also plays an important role in fibrosis development and progression. This review aims to summarize the current data on the expression, regulation, and function of FAPα regarding fibrosis development and identify promising advances in the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Basalova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia (O.G.); (A.E.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalya Alexandrushkina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia (O.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Olga Grigorieva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia (O.G.); (A.E.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Maria Kulebyakina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasia Efimenko
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia (O.G.); (A.E.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
TROP-2, Nectin-4, GPNMB, and B7-H3 Are Potentially Therapeutic Targets for Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030579. [PMID: 35158847 PMCID: PMC8833363 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a highly aggressive thyroid tumor with a poor prognosis. There are limited choices for the effective treatment of this type of carcinoma. Whether the targets of antibody–drug conjugates are expressed in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma remains unclear. Therefore, we examined expression rates of the following antibody–drug conjugate targets using the tissue microarrays of anaplastic thyroid carcinomas: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, nectin-4, trophoblast cell surface antigen 2, glycoprotein non-metastatic B, and B7-H3. We found that glycoprotein non-metastatic B and B7-H3 were expressed in most anaplastic thyroid carcinoma tissues. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 and nectin-4 were expressed in 65% and 59% of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma tissues, respectively. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 was high expressed in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma undifferentiated from papillary thyroid carcinoma. In contrast, nectin-4 expression was high in patients with de novo anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. These cell membrane proteins are potential therapeutic targets for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Abstract Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly aggressive thyroid tumor with a poor prognosis. However, there are limited choices for ATC treatment. Recently, the effectiveness of antibody–drug conjugates has been demonstrated in various carcinomas. Whether the targets of antibody–drug conjugates are expressed in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma remains unclear. Methods: Fifty-four patients with ATC were enrolled in this study. Tissue microarrays were constructed using the archives of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. All sections were stained with the following antibody–drug conjugate targets: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), nectin-4, trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP-2), glycoprotein non-metastatic B (GPNMB), and B7-H3. Results: HER2 was negative in all tissues, whereas GPNMB and B7-H3 were expressed in most ATC tissues. TROP-2 and nectin-4 were expressed in 65% and 59% of ATC tissues, respectively. TROP-2 was expressed at significantly higher levels in ATC undifferentiated from papillary thyroid carcinoma than in ATC undifferentiated from follicular thyroid carcinoma and de novo ATC. In contrast, nectin-4 expression was markedly higher in patients with de novo ATC than in those with papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Conclusions: TROP-2 and nectin-4 are potential therapeutic targets for ATC undifferentiated from papillary thyroid carcinoma and de novo ATC, respectively. GPNMB and B7-H3 potential for treating all types of ATC.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hiratsuka M, Hasebe T, Ichinose Y, Sakakibara A, Fujimoto A, Wakui N, Shibasaki S, Hirasaki M, Yasuda M, Nukui A, Shimada H, Yokogawa H, Matsuura K, Hojo T, Osaki A, Saeki T. Tumor budding and fibrotic focus-proposed grading system for tumor budding in invasive carcinoma no special type of the breast. Virchows Arch 2022; 481:161-190. [PMID: 35695928 PMCID: PMC9343319 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor budding grade is a very useful histological prognostic indicator for colorectal cancer patients. Recently, it has been also reported as a significant prognostic indicator in invasive breast carcinoma patients. Our group and others have previously reported that the presence of a fibrotic focus in the tumor is a very useful histological finding for accurately predicting the prognosis in patients with invasive carcinoma of no special type (ICNST) of the breast. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether a grading system incorporating tumor budding in a fibrotic focus is superior to the conventional grading system for tumor budding to accurately predict outcomes in patients with ICNST. According to our new grading system, we classified the tumors into grade I (164 cases), grade II (581 cases), and grade III (110 cases), and the results clearly demonstrated the significant superiority of the new grading system over that of conventional tumor budding alone for accurately predicting outcomes in patients with ICNST. Our findings strongly suggest that tumor cells and tumor-stromal cells interaction play very important roles in tumor progression rather than tumor cells alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Hiratsuka
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Takahiro Hasebe
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakakibara
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Akihiro Fujimoto
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Noriko Wakui
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Satomi Shibasaki
- Community Health Science Center, Saitama Medical University, 29, Morohongou, Moroyama Town, Iruma district, Saitama 350-0495 Japan
| | - Masataka Hirasaki
- Department of Clinical Cancer Genomics, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Masanori Yasuda
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Akemi Nukui
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Hiroko Shimada
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Hideki Yokogawa
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Kazuo Matsuura
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Takashi Hojo
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Akihiko Osaki
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Toshiaki Saeki
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pare R, Soon PS, Shah A, Lee CS. Differential expression of senescence tumour markers and its implications on survival outcomes of breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214604. [PMID: 30998679 PMCID: PMC6472879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease displaying different histopathological characteristics, molecular profiling and clinical behavior. This study describes the expression patterns of senescence markers P53, DEC1 and DCR2 and assesses their significance on patient survival as a single or combined marker with P16 or P14 using breast cancer progression series. One thousand and eighty (1080) patients with primary invasive ductal carcinoma, no special type, were recruited through an 11-year retrospective study period. We constructed tissue microarrays of normal, benign hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma from each patient and performed immunohistochemical staining to study the protein expression. Statistical analysis includes Pearson chi-square, Kaplan-Meier log ran test and Cox proportional hazard regression were undertaken to determine the associations and predict the survival outcomes. P53, DEC1 and DCR2 expression correlated significantly with normal, benign, premalignant and malignant tissues with (p<0.05). The expression profile of these genes increases from normal to benign to premalignant and plateaued from premalignant to malignant phenotype. There is a significant association between P53 protein expression and age, grade, staging, lymphovascular invasion, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 whereas DCR2 protein expression significantly correlated with tumour grade, hormone receptors status and HER2 (p<0.05 respectively). P53 overexpression correlated with increased risk of relapse (p = 0.002) specifically in patients who did not receive hormone therapy (p = 0.005) or chemotherapy (p<0.0001). The combination of P53+/P16+ is significantly correlated with poor overall and disease-free survival, whereas a combination of P53+/P14+ is associated with worse outcome in disease-free survival (p<0.05 respectively). P53 overexpression appears to be a univariate predictor of poor disease-free survival. The expression profiles of DEC1 and DCR2 do not appear to correlate with patient survival outcomes. The combination of P53 with P16, rather P53 expression alone, appears to provide more useful clinical information on patient survival outcomes in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmawati Pare
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW Australia
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW Australia
- * E-mail: (RP); (CSL)
| | - Patsy S. Soon
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW Australia
- Breast Surgery Unit, Bankstown Hospital, Bankstown, NSW Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW Australia
| | - Aashit Shah
- Breast Surgery Unit, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW Australia
| | - Cheok Soon Lee
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW Australia
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
- * E-mail: (RP); (CSL)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shimada H, Hasebe T, Sugiyama M, Shibasaki S, Sugitani I, Ueda S, Gotoh Y, Yasuda M, Arai E, Osaki A, Saeki T. Fibrotic focus: An important parameter for accurate prediction of a high level of tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Pathol Int 2017; 67:331-341. [PMID: 28590017 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Our group and others have previously reported that a fibrotic focus is a very useful histological factor for the accurate prediction of the outcome of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. We classified 258 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma into those with and those without a fibrotic focus to investigate whether the presence of a fibrotic focus was significantly associated with the degree of tumor-associated macrophage (CD68, CD163 or CD204-positive) infiltration or whether the presence of tumor-associated macrophage infiltration heightened the malignant potential of invasive ductal carcinoma with a fibrotic focus. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that a fibrotic focus was the only factor that was significantly associated with a high level of CD68-, CD163- or CD204-positive tumor-associated macrophage infiltration. The combined assessment of the presence or absence of a fibrotic focus and a high or a low level of CD204-positive tumor-associated macrophage infiltration clearly demonstrated that CD204-positive tumor-associated macrophage infiltration had a significant prognostic power only for patients with invasive ductal carcinoma with a fibrotic focus in multivariate analyses; CD204-positive tumor-associated macrophages might only exert a significant effect on tumor progression when a fibrotic focus is present within the invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Shimada
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, 350-1298, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, 350-1298, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hasebe
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, 350-1298, Saitama, Japan
| | - Michiko Sugiyama
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, 350-1298, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, 350-1298, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satomi Shibasaki
- Community Health Science Center, Saitama Medical University, 29,, Morohongou, Moroyama Town, Iruma district, 350-0495, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ikuko Sugitani
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, 350-1298, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeto Ueda
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, 350-1298, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Gotoh
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, 350-1298, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masanori Yasuda
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, 350-1298, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eiichi Arai
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, 350-1298, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Osaki
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, 350-1298, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Saeki
- Department of Breast Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka City, 350-1298, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee SK, Bae SY, Lee JH, Lee HC, Yi H, Kil WH, Lee JE, Kim SW, Nam SJ. Distinguishing Low-Risk Luminal A Breast Cancer Subtypes with Ki-67 and p53 Is More Predictive of Long-Term Survival. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124658. [PMID: 26241661 PMCID: PMC4524613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of p53 is the most frequent genetic alteration in breast cancer. Recently, many studies have shown that the expression of mutant p53 differs for each subtype of breast cancer and is associated with different prognoses. In this study, we aimed to determine the suitable cut-off value to predict the clinical outcome of p53 overexpression and its usefulness as a prognostic factor in each subtype of breast cancer, especially in luminal A breast cancer. Approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Samsung Medical Center. We analyzed a total of 7,739 patients who were surgically treated for invasive breast cancer at Samsung Medical Center between Dec 1995 and Apr 2013. Luminal A subtype was defined as ER&PR + and HER2- and was further subclassified according to Ki-67 and p53 expression as follows: luminal A (Ki-67-,p53-), luminal A (Ki-67+, p53-), luminal A (Ki-67 -, p53+) and luminal A (Ki-67+, p53+). Low-risk luminal A subtype was defined as negative for both Ki-67 and p53 (luminal A [ki-67-, p53-]), and others subtypes were considered to be high-risk luminal A breast cancer. A cut-off value of 10% for p53 was a good predictor of clinical outcome in all patients and luminal A breast cancer patients. The prognostic role of p53 overexpression for OS and DFS was only significant in luminal A subtype. The combination of p53 and Ki-67 has been shown to have the best predictive power as calculated by the area under curve (AUC), especially for long-term overall survival. In this study, we have shown that overexpression of p53 and Ki-67 could be used to discriminate low-risk luminal A subtype in breast cancer. Therefore, using the combination of p53 and Ki-67 expression in discriminating low-risk luminal A breast cancer may improve the prognostic power and provide the greatest clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se Kyung Lee
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Youn Bae
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Lee
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hawoo Yi
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ho Kil
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Celesti G, Di Caro G, Bianchi P, Grizzi F, Basso G, Marchesi F, Doni A, Marra G, Roncalli M, Mantovani A, Malesci A, Laghi L. Presence of Twist1-positive neoplastic cells in the stroma of chromosome-unstable colorectal tumors. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:647-57.e15. [PMID: 23684708 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cancer cells undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to become invasive, allowing tumors to progress. However, there is no direct evidence that human cancer cells undergo an EMT. In mouse cancer cells, up-regulation of transcription factor Twist1 was shown to promote an EMT. We searched the stroma of human colorectal tumor samples for TWIST1-positive cells with a mesenchymal phenotype and neoplastic genotype. METHODS We measured the expression of TWIST1 in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and examined the effects of overexpression or knockdown in vitro and in mice. We used immunohistochemistry to measure levels of TWIST1 in 201 colorectal tumor samples. In 20 samples, immunostaining was combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses. Levels of TWIST1 messenger RNA (mRNA) were measured in blood samples from 15 patients. RESULTS TWIST1 was required to maintain the mesenchymal phenotype and invasiveness of the microsatellite-stable CoLo741 cells (which express endogenous TWIST1) and SW480 (expressing transgenic TWIST1). TWIST1 mRNA was not translated in CRC cells with microsatellite instability (HCT116). Syngenic TWIST1-positive colon carcinoma cells (CT26) that invaded tissues surrounding tumors acquired a mesenchymal phenotype. The presence of TWIST1-positive cells in the stroma of human colorectal tumors correlated with microsatellite stability (P = .05), stage IV cancer (P = .02), and disease-free survival time (P < .01). Trisomies of chromosome 7 and/or chromosome 20 were detected in 17 of 20 colorectal tumor samples, each of which contained TWIST1-positive cells with matching chromosomal gains in the tumor stroma (86 of 776 counted cells; 11.1%). No trisomy was observed in TWIST1-negative stromal cells (0 of 1249 cells; P < .001). Levels of TWIST1 mRNA were significantly higher in blood samples from patients with CRC than controls. CONCLUSIONS The stroma of human colorectal tumors contains TWIST1-positive cancer cells with mesenchymal phenotypes. Patients with CRC have higher levels of TWIST1 mRNA than healthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Celesti
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen H, Takahara M, Xie L, Takeuchi S, Tu Y, Nakahara T, Uchi H, Moroi Y, Furue M. Levels of the EMT-related protein Snail/Slug are not correlated with p53/p63 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 2013; 40:651-6. [PMID: 23521708 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of the E-cadherin transcriptional repressors Snail and Slug to invasion and metastasis has strengthened the evidence for the importance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in carcinoma progression. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has described the immunohistochemical staining of the EMT-related proteins Snail/Slug in skin tumors and the correlation between Snail/Slug and tumor suppressor p53/p63. METHODS We performed immunohistological staining of Snail, Slug, E-cadherin, p53 and p63 in 20 archived specimens each of seborrheic keratosis (SK), actinic keratosis (AK) and squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS), and 53 specimens of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Fifteen normal skin (NS) specimens served as controls. RESULTS Significant negative correlations were observed between Snail and E-cadherin expression and between Slug and E-cadherin expression (Snail: R(2) = 0.5432, p < 0.01; Slug: R(2) = 0.4666, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The staining intensities of Snail and Slug are associated with decreased E-cadherin staining in SCC and this may promote EMT. However, the staining intensities of p53 and p63 are not significantly correlated with the loss of E-cadherin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hasebe T. Tumor-stromal interactions in breast tumor progression--significance of histological heterogeneity of tumor-stromal fibroblasts. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:449-60. [PMID: 23297753 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.757305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Existing pathological diagnostic protocols for breast cancer do not fully reflect the biological characteristics of tumor stromata. To improve the pathological diagnosis of breast cancer, a new pathological diagnostic method capable of assessing the degree of breast cancer malignancy based on the histological features of the tumor stroma is needed. AREAS COVERED The presence of a fibrotic focus (FF), which consists of fibroblasts or collagen fibers, and the presence of atypical tumor-stromal fibroblasts are significantly associated with nodal metastasis or distant-organ metastasis in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. FF is the only factor that is significantly associated with an increase in tumor angiogenesis. The importance of FF and atypical tumor-stromal fibroblasts clearly indicates that the malignant potential of IDC does not depend only on the biological characteristics of the tumor cell, but also on those of the tumor stroma. EXPERT OPINION The biological characteristics of fibroblasts forming an FF or atypical tumor-stromal fibroblasts probably differ from those of fibroblasts located outside an FF or ordinary tumor-stromal fibroblasts. Thus, similar to tumor cells, the heterogeneity of tumor-stromal fibroblasts probably influences the outcome of patients with IDC of the breast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hasebe
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Chiba, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hasebe T, Iwasaki M, Akashi-Tanaka S, Hojo T, Shibata T, Sasajima Y, Kinoshita T, Tsuda H. Prognostic significance of mitotic figures in metastatic mammary ductal carcinoma to the lymph nodes. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:1823-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Lara JF, Thor AD, Dressler LG, Broadwater G, Bleiweiss IJ, Edgerton S, Cowan D, Goldstein LJ, Martino S, Ingle JN, Henderson IC, Norton L, Winer EP, Hudis CA, Ellis MJ, Berry DA, Hayes DF. p53 Expression in node-positive breast cancer patients: results from the Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9344 Trial (159905). Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:5170-8. [PMID: 21693655 PMCID: PMC3149770 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE p53 as a prognostic and predictive factor in early-stage breast cancer has had mixed results. We studied p53 protein expression, by immunohistochemistry, in a randomized clinical trial of stage II patients treated with adjuvant doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide with or without paclitaxel [Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9344, INT0148]. PATIENTS AND METHODS Epithelial p53 expression was evaluated using two immunohistochemical antibodies (DO7 and 1801) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from patients with node-positive breast cancer who were randomized to four cycles of cyclophosphamide and one of three doses of doxorubicin (60, 75, or 90 mg/m(2); AC) and to receive four subsequent cycles of paclitaxel (T) or not. Prognostic and predictive value of p53 protein expression was assessed, independent of treatment assignment, for escalating doses of doxorubicin or addition of T with endpoints of relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Of 3,121 patients, 1,887 patient specimens treated on C9344 were obtained, passed quality control, and evaluated for p53 expression. Expression was 23% and 27% for mAbs 1801 and D07, respectively, with 92% concordance. In univariate analysis, p53 positivity was associated with worse OS with either antibody, but only p53 staining with monoclonal antibody 1801 had significantly worse RFS. In multivariate analysis, p53 was not predictive of RFS or OS from either doxorubicin dose escalation or addition of paclitaxel regardless of the antibody. CONCLUSION Nuclear staining of p53 by immunohistochemistry is associated with worse prognosis in node-positive patients treated with adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy but is not a useful predictor of benefit from doxorubicin dose escalation or the addition of paclitaxel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Lara
- Department of Pathology, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|