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Yu Q, Chen J, Zhong C, Yu L, Zhu Y, Xi X, Du B. Polyphyllin VII as a potential medication for targeting epithelial mesenchymal transitionin in thyroid cancer. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 156:49-56. [PMID: 39179334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The need for novel anti-thyroid cancer (TC) medications is urgent due to the rising incidence and metastatic rates of malignant TC. In this study, we investigated the effect of Polyphyllin VII (PPVII) to TC cells, and explored their potential mechanism. B-CPAP and TPC-1 cells, were used to analyze the antitumor activity of PPVII by quantifying cell growth and metastasis as well as to study the effect on epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). The results showed that PPVII dramatically reduced the capacity of B-CPAP and TPC-1 cells to proliferate and migrate in a dose-response manner. Following PPVII treatment of TC cells, the expression levels of E-cadherin progressively increased and were higher than the control group, while the expression levels of EMT-related genes Vimentin, N-cadherin, Slug, Zeb-1, and Foxe1 gradually declined and were lower than the control group. It was proposed that PPVII might prevent TC from undergoing EMT. The Foxe1 gene was shown to be significantly expressed in TC, and a statistically significant variation in Foxe1 expression was observed across clinical stages of the disease, according to a bioinformatics database study. There was a strong link between the expression of the Foxe1 gene and the EMT-related gene. In the meantime, TC cells' expression of Foxe1 can be inhibited by PPVII. In conclusion, our results showed that PPVII may as a potential medication for targeting EMT in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Jinglin Chen
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Chen Zhong
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Le Yu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Yunhe Zhu
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Xueyan Xi
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Boyu Du
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China.
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Hou J, Zhang G, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang K. Functions and mechanisms of lncRNA MALAT1 in cancer chemotherapy resistance. Biomark Res 2023; 11:23. [PMID: 36829256 PMCID: PMC9960193 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most important treatments for cancer therapy. However, chemotherapy resistance is a big challenge in cancer treatment. Due to chemotherapy resistance, drugs become less effective or no longer effective at all. In recent years, long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) has been found to be associated with the development of chemotherapy resistance, suggesting that MALAT1 may be an important target to overcome chemotherapy resistance. In this review, we introduced the main mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance associated with MALAT1, which may provide new approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Hou
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, #36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
| | - Gong Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, #36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
| | - Xia Wang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, #36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, #36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
| | - Kefeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, #36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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Sharma KL, Singh RB, Fidda N, Lloyd RV. Cribriform-morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma with poorly differentiated features: report of a case and review of the literature. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-021-00103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Cribrifrom-morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (CMVPTC) is an uncommon thyroid neoplasm that occurs predominantly in women and is sometime associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Some of these tumors may undergo dedifferentiation to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC). We describe a rare case of this carcinoma in a women without a history of FAP.
Case presentation
A 49-year-old woman with a history of breast carcinoma presented with a thyroid mass. A CMVPTC was diagnosed after excision. There was no history of FAP. Histological examination showed classical features of CMVPTC in most areas, but about 20% of the carcinoma showed features of a poorly differentiated carcinoma with a solid pattern of growth, increase mitotic activity and a high Ki-67 proliferative index (25%). Immunohistochemical stains were positive for nuclear and cytoplasmic beta catenin staining. These special studies supported the diagnosis.
Conclusion
CMVPTC with dedifferentiation to PDTC is a rare carcinoma with only 4 previous documented cases in the literature. This aggressive variant of thyroid carcinoma is more common in females, as is CMVPTC, and is often associated with an aggressive biological course. The cases usually express nuclear beta catenin and estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors have been reported in some cases. Some cases may have somatic alterations of the APC gene and TERT promoter mutations. These carcinomas may metastasize to lung, bones and lymph nodes. Because of its aggressive behavior, patient with this diagnosis should be treated aggressively to control disease spread and mortality from the carcinoma.
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Salh AM, Kakamad FH, Hassan SH, Abdullah AM, Hassan MA, Abdulla BA. Hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma with anaplastic dedifferentiation co-existent with tuberculosis lymphadenitis. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 90:106690. [PMID: 34973627 PMCID: PMC8728465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The current study aims to report a rare case of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) of the cervical lymph nodes with hobnail variant and anaplastic de-differentiation. In addition to the primary disease, there was a second pathology which was caseating granulomatous lymph adenitis suggestive of tuberculosis. Case report A 91-year-old female presented with a painful right sided neck swelling for two weeks, increased in size suddenly. On clinical examination, there was a well-defined firm painful right sided neck mass. On ultrasound examination, there was multiple well defined solid hypoechoic, hypervascular nodules. These resembled lymph nodes of variable size and shape, mostly in the right side. The patient underwent right lateral cervical lymph node dissection. After the operation, she was sent for radiotherapy. Discussion The hobnail variant of PTC is genetically identical to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma in that its mutations are in the p53 and TERT promoters are more common in this variant than in conventional PTCs. The proportion of hobnail features have no effect on the outcome. Additionally, 10% of tumor cells with hobnail features were previously linked to a more aggressive clinicopathological aspect. Conclusion Although it is rare, metastatic PTC with hobnail variant could undergo anaplastic dedifferentiation. Thyroid carcinoma accounts for nearly 1% of all malignancies. The hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (HPTC) is a rare condition. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare form of thyroid cancer. Malignant lesions and tuberculosis coexisting at the same site is exceedingly unusual.
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Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) represents the most common endocrine malignancy, with an increasing incidence all over the world. Papillary TC (PTC), a differentiated TC subtype, is the most common and, even though it has an excellent prognosis following radioiodine (RAI) ablation, it shows an aggressive behavior in 20–30% of cases, becoming RAI-resistant and/or metastatic. On the other side, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), the most undifferentiated TC, is a rare but devastating disease, indicating that progression of differentiated to undifferentiated forms of TC could be responsible for RAI-resistance and increased mortality. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in both tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Moreover, during tumor progression, cancer cells modify their metabolism to meet changed requirements for cellular proliferation. Through these metabolic changes, cancer cells may adopt cancer stem cell-like properties and express an EMT phenotype. EMT, in turn, can induce metabolic changes to which cancer cells become addicted. Here we review metabolic reprogramming in TC highlighting the role of EMT with the aim to explore a potential field to find out new therapeutic strategies for advanced-stage PTC. Accordingly, we discuss the identification of the metabolic enzymes and metabolites, critical to TC progression, which can be employed either as predicting biomarkers of tumor response to RAI therapy or possible targets in precision medicine.
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Viana BPPB, Gomes AVP, Gimba ERP, Ferreira LB. Osteopontin Expression in Thyroid Cancer: Deciphering EMT-Related Molecular Mechanisms. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101372. [PMID: 34680488 PMCID: PMC8533224 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common tumor arising from the endocrine system and generally presents good prognosis. However, its aggressive subtypes are related to therapeutic resistance and early metastasis. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse process, the mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET), are key events mediating cancer progression, including in thyroid cancer. The matricellular protein osteopontin (OPN) has been reported as a master regulator of EMT in many tumor types. Although high OPN expression has been described and associated with important aspects of thyroid cancer progression, there is no clear evidence regarding OPN as a regulator of EMT in thyroid cancer. Thus, taking together the known roles of OPN in the modulation of EMT in cancer and the information reporting the expression of OPN in thyroid tumor progression, this review aims at summarizing and discussing data related to EMT in thyroid cancer and its putative relation to the roles of OPN in the development of thyroid cancer. These data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which OPN could potentially modulate EMT in thyroid tumors, generating evidence for future studies that may contribute to new therapeutic, prognostic and/or diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Prunes Pena Baroni Viana
- Grupo de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, CEP, Brazil; (B.P.P.B.V.); (A.V.P.G.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, 3° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, CEP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Vitória Pampolha Gomes
- Grupo de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, CEP, Brazil; (B.P.P.B.V.); (A.V.P.G.)
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, CEP, Brazil
| | - Etel Rodrigues Pereira Gimba
- Grupo de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, CEP, Brazil; (B.P.P.B.V.); (A.V.P.G.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, 3° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, CEP, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Recife 1-7, Bela Vista, Rio das Ostras 28880-000, CEP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biomédicas, Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Av. Prof. Hernani Melo, 101, Niterói 24210-130, CEP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (E.R.P.G.); (L.B.F.)
| | - Luciana Bueno Ferreira
- Grupo de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, CEP, Brazil; (B.P.P.B.V.); (A.V.P.G.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, 3° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, CEP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (E.R.P.G.); (L.B.F.)
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7
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Baldini E, Tuccilli C, Pironi D, Catania A, Tartaglia F, Di Matteo FM, Palumbo P, Arcieri S, Mascagni D, Palazzini G, Tripodi D, Maturo A, Vergine M, Tarroni D, Lori E, Ferent IC, De Vito C, Fallahi P, Antonelli A, Censi S, D’Armiento M, Barollo S, Mian C, Morrone A, D’Andrea V, Sorrenti S, Ulisse S. Expression and Clinical Utility of Transcription Factors Involved in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition during Thyroid Cancer Progression. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184076. [PMID: 34575184 PMCID: PMC8469282 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT-TFs) silence the genes expressed in epithelial cells (e.g., E-cadherin) while inducing those typical of mesenchymal cells (e.g., vimentin). The core set of EMT-TFs comprises Zeb1, Zeb2, Snail1, Snail2, and Twist1. To date, information concerning their expression profile and clinical utility during thyroid cancer (TC) progression is still incomplete. We evaluated the EMT-TF, E-cadherin, and vimentin mRNA levels in 95 papillary TC (PTC) and 12 anaplastic TC (ATC) tissues and correlated them with patients’ clinicopathological parameters. Afterwards, we corroborated our findings by analyzing the data provided by a case study of the TGCA network. Compared with normal tissues, the expression of E-cadherin was found reduced in PTC and more strongly in ATC, while the vimentin expression did not vary. Among the EMT-TFs analyzed, Twist1 seems to exert a prominent role in EMT, being significantly associated with a number of PTC high-risk clinicopathological features and upregulated in ATC. Nonetheless, in the multivariate analysis, none of the EMT-TFs displayed a prognostic value. These data suggest that TC progression is characterized by an incomplete EMT and that Twist1 may represent a valuable therapeutic target warranting further investigation for the treatment of more aggressive thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enke Baldini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Chiara Tuccilli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniele Pironi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Antonio Catania
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesco Tartaglia
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Filippo Maria Di Matteo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Piergaspare Palumbo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefano Arcieri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Domenico Mascagni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Giorgio Palazzini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Alessandro Maturo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Massimo Vergine
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Danilo Tarroni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Eleonora Lori
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Iulia Catalina Ferent
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Simona Censi
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.C.); (S.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Matteo D’Armiento
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Susy Barollo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.C.); (S.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Caterina Mian
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (S.C.); (S.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Vito D’Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Sorrenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (C.T.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.); (M.V.); (D.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Li H, Hardin H, Zaeem M, Huang W, Hu R, Lloyd RV. LncRNA expression and SDHB mutations in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 55:151801. [PMID: 34461576 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are usual low-grade neoplasms, the metastatic forms of these lesions are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have discovered multiple aberrantly expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancers that may have regulatory roles in tumor pathogenesis and metastasis; however, the roles of some lncRNAs in PPGLs are still unknown. The expression levels of lncRNAs including metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript (MALAT1), prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), and HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) in PPGLs were analyzed by in situ hybridization, using two tissue microarrays (TMAs). The pheochromocytoma (PCC) TMA consisted of normal adrenal medulla (N = 25), non-metastatic PCCs (N = 76) and metastatic PCCs (N = 5) while the paraganglioma (PGL) TMA had 73 non-metastatic PGLs and 5 metastatic PGLs. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on all samples with an anti-SDHB antibody. The correlations between lncRNA expression, loss of SDHB expression and clinical characteristics including tumor progression and disease prognosis were investigated. The expression levels of MALAT1 and PCA3 were significantly elevated (2.5-3.9 folds) in both non-metastatic and metastatic PCCs compared to normal adrenal medulla, although there were no significant differences between the non-metastatic and metastatic neoplasms. In contrast to non-metastatic PGLs, metastatic PGLs had significantly upregulated expression of MALAT1, PCA3, and HOTAIR. SDHB loss was more frequently observed in PGLs (25 of 78), especially in metastatic PGLs (5 of 5), compared to PCCs (2 of 81) and in 0 of 5 metastatic PCCs. Patients with SDHB loss, in contrast to SDHB retained, were younger at diagnosis, had higher rates of tumor recurrence, metastatic disease, and mortality. In addition, PGLs with SDHB loss had significantly increased expression of PCA3 compared to tumors with intact SDHB expression. Our findings suggest that specific lncRNAs may be involved in the SDHx signaling pathways in the tumorigenesis and in the development of PPGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, WI, USA.
| | - Heather Hardin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, WI, USA
| | - Misbah Zaeem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, WI, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, WI, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, WI, USA
| | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, WI, USA.
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9
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Downregulation of hsa_circ_0001681 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in thyroid carcinoma via targeting to miR-942-5p/TWIST1 signaling pathway. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:609-620. [PMID: 34164767 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma (TC) seriously threatens the health and safety of patients, and the treatment target of it still is poor. RT-qPCR and Western blot were carried out to detect the expression of genes and proteins, respectively. Cell proliferation was confirmed using colony formation assay. Transwell assay were performed to measure the cell migration and invasion. Besides, luciferase reporter assay was accomplished to ensure the target relationship between miR-942-5p and TWIST1 mRNA as well as hsa_circ_0001681. Here, we proved that hsa_circ_0001681 was increased in TC, and located majorly in the cytoplasm of TC cells. However, miR-942-5p was decreased in TC, and was negatively correlated with hsa_circ_0001681 expression. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0001681 significantly repressed the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of TC cells. We also found that the process of hsa_circ_0001681 silencing limited EMT, which was obstructed by TWIST1 increasing. Moreover, hsa_circ_0001681 acted as a miRNA sponge and completed with TWIST1 mRNA for binding to miR-942-5p, thus downregulation of hsa_circ_0001681 repressed EMT and subsequent malignant phenotype of TC cells through targeting miR-942-5p/TWIST1 signaling pathway. Finally, the studies in vivo showed that decreasing of hsa_circ_0001681 effectively inhibited the growth of tumor via repressing EMT by regulating miR-942-5p/TWIST1 signaling pathway. Overall, silencing of hsa_circ_0001681 significantly suppressed TC progression through inhibiting EMT via acting as a miR-942-5p sponge to facilitate the expression of TWIST1. Our data provided a reliable evidence for hsa_circ_0001681 is a potential treatment target in TC.
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10
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Azhar Y, Achmad D, Lukman K, Hilmanto D. Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Risk Factor For Analysis For Disease Free Survival. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_70_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Context:The context of this study was epidemiology pediatric thyroid cancer in Bandung, Indonesia. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcome between children and young adult patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treated in our hospital. Settings and Design:This was a cohort retrospective study. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 144 patients with DTC who underwent thyroid surgery followed by radioiodine and thyroid hormone suppression were retrospectively reviewed. Thyroid cancers were diagnosed between January 2007 and December 2010. Participants consisted of 43 patients who were younger than 21 years old and 101 young adult patients (older than 21 years old but younger or equal to 40 years). The clinical characteristics and outcomes were analyzed and compared, and then, recurrence-free survival was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier methods. Statistical Analysis Used: Software R 3.3.0 version for Windows was used in this study. Results: Female has higher tendency to have thyroid cancer than male (P = 0.006). Based on histopathology report, classic papillary thyroid cancer is the most common cancer type in children than young adult. However, there was no significant difference between two groups regarding thyroid cancer size and multifocality (P = 0.815 and P = 0.370). The risk of recurrent ratio of children to young adults is 3.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38; 10.91). A similar result trend has been shown for sex type, histopathology type, number of nodules, surgical technique, and metastasis parameters (adjusted hazard ratio = 7.91, 95% CI 2.11; 29.67). Conclusions: DTC in children shows more aggressive behavior compared to young adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohana Azhar
- Department of Surgery, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dimyati Achmad
- Department of Surgery, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Kiki Lukman
- Department of Surgery, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dani Hilmanto
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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11
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Gonçalves CFL, Hecht F, Cazarin J, Fortunato RS, Vaisman M, Carvalho DPD, Ferreira ACF. The flavonoid quercetin reduces cell migration and increases NIS and E-cadherin mRNA in the human thyroid cancer cell line BCPAP. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 529:111266. [PMID: 33831503 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most frequent cancer of the endocrine system. Most patients are treated with thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine therapy. However, in part of the patients, a reduction of the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) occurs, rendering radioiodine therapy ineffective. Moreover, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may occur, leading to more aggressive and invasive features. Herein, we evaluated the effect of the flavonoid quercetin on EMT and NIS expression in BCPAP, a papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line. BCPAP was treated with 100 μM quercetin for 24 h and cell viability, apoptosis, EMT markers and NIS were evaluated. Quercetin decreased cell viability by enhancing apoptosis. The flavonoid also reduced matrix metalloproteinase 9 and increased E-cadherin mRNA levels, inhibiting BCPAP adhesion and migration. Additionally, quercetin increased NIS expression and function. Thus, our results suggest that quercetin could be useful as adjuvant in thyroid cancer therapy, inducing apoptosis, reducing invasion and increasing the efficacy of radioiodine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Frederico Lima Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Hecht
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Cazarin
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Sinalização Redox, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Mario Vaisman
- Serviço de Endocrinologia do Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (HUCFF/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil; NUMPEX, Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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12
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Lv N, Liu F, Cheng L, Liu F, Kuang J. The Expression of Transcription Factors is Different in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells during TNF - α induced EMT. J Cancer 2021; 12:2777-2786. [PMID: 33854637 PMCID: PMC8040707 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is an important inflammatory mediators in tumor microenvironment and autoimmune diseases, it is highly expressed in many solid tumors and tumor microenvironment, showing a tumor promoting role. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying TNF-α-increased invasion of thyroid cancer are still not fully understood. In order to explore whether TNF-α plays a key role in the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), we used TNF-α to induce EMT in different PTC cell lines, and observed the expression of different transcription factors and signal pathways. After TNF-α treatment, in TPC-1, Snail and ZEB2 mRNA levels did not change significantly, while Slug, Twist1, ZEB1 mRNA expression increased. In BCPAP, Snail mRNA level increased significantly (P < 0.01), while Twist1 showed a certain degree of increase only at the concentration of TNF - α 20 ng / ml (P < 0.01), but mRNA of Slug, ZEB1, ZEB2 showed no significant change. The expression of proteins was consistent with genes. The activation of different pathways did not show gene differences, and pathway inhibitors could reduce the invasion and metastasis of cells, but only NF-κB inhibitors could reverse the expression of transcription factors. Expressions of Snail and Slug in different PTC cell lines were dependent on pro-oncogene mutation, but the pathway had no differences. The establishment of this study model can enrich the research on the pathogenesis and metastasis of thyroid cancer, effectively link the inflammatory microenvironment with the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang; 20 Huanghe South st, Huanggu District, Shenyang,China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang; 20 Huanghe South st, Huanggu District, Shenyang,China
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang; 20 Huanghe South st, Huanggu District, Shenyang,China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang; 20 Huanghe South st, Huanggu District, Shenyang,China
| | - Jinsong Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang; 20 Huanghe South st, Huanggu District, Shenyang,China
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13
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Haase J, Misiak D, Bauer M, Pazaitis N, Braun J, Pötschke R, Mensch A, Bell JL, Dralle H, Siebolts U, Wickenhauser C, Lorenz K, Hüttelmaier S. IGF2BP1 is the first positive marker for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma diagnosis. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:32-41. [PMID: 32719445 PMCID: PMC7806508 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC) are rare, but represent the most lethal malignancy of the thyroid. Selective molecular markers and drivers distinguishing ATC from other thyroid carcinomas of follicular origin remain largely unknown, limiting advances in diagnosis and treatment. In a retrospective study, we analyzed gene expression in 36 ATC, 18 poorly differentiated, 132 papillary, and 55 follicular thyroid carcinoma, as well as 124 paired and unpaired normal thyroid tissues in three independent cohorts by RNA-sequencing and immunohistochemistry. RNA-sequencing data in the test cohort suggested selective ATC protein biomarkers. Evaluation of these revealed that ATCs are characterized by the de novo expression of various testis antigens, including melanoma-associated antigen A3 (MAGEA3), but most importantly the oncofetal IGF2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1). Shallow whole genome sequencing essentially excluded that IGF2BP1 upregulation results from gene copy number alterations. Immunohistochemical analyses in all three tumor cohorts confirmed the selective de novo expression of IGF2BP1 protein in ATC. In sum, 75% (27/36) of all tested ATC and 0.5% (1/204) of poorly and well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma tissue samples were positive for IGF2BP1 protein. This indicates that IGF2BP1 protein expression identifies ATC with a diagnostic odds ratio of 612 (95% CI: 74.6-5021). In addition, we found that MAGEA3 is exclusively, although less consistently upregulated in ATC, presenting with an odds ratio of 411 (95% CI: 23.8-7098.7). Importantly, we provide confirmatory evidence that IGF2BP1 and MAGEA3 expression distinguishes ATC from poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. IGF2BP1 furthermore identified ATC foci within low-grade follicular thyroid carcinoma. In conclusion, IGF2BP1 represents the most promising single-gene marker available for ATC, followed by MAGEA3, improving on current techniques. Robust markers are essential to help distinguish this high-grade malignancy from other thyroid carcinomas, to guide surgical decision making, therapy and post-resection/therapy monitoring strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Haase
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle, Germany
| | - Danny Misiak
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle, Germany
| | - Marcus Bauer
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Pazaitis
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle, Germany ,grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Juliane Braun
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle, Germany ,grid.39009.330000 0001 0672 7022Present Address: Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rebecca Pötschke
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander Mensch
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle, Germany ,grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Present Address: Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jessica Lilian Bell
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle, Germany
| | - Henning Dralle
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Udo Siebolts
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lorenz
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Visceral, Vascular, and Endocrine Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Halle, Germany.
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14
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Araldi RP, de Melo TC, Levy D, de Souza DM, Maurício B, Colozza-Gama GA, Bydlowski SP, Peng H, Rauscher FJ, Cerutti JM. LIMD2 Regulates Key Steps of Metastasis Cascade in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells via MAPK Crosstalk. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112522. [PMID: 33238381 PMCID: PMC7700534 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has a good prognosis, 20–90% of patients show metastasis to regional lymph nodes and 10–15% of patients show metastasis to distant sites. Metastatic disease represents the main clinical challenge that impacts survival rate. We previously showed that LIMD2 was a novel metastasis-associated gene. In this study, to interrogate the role of LIMD2 in cancer invasion and metastasis, we used CRISPR-mediated knockout (KO) of LIMD2 in PTC cells (BCPAP and TPC1). Western blot and high-content screening (HCS) analysis confirmed functional KO of LIMD2. LIMD2 KO reduced in vitro invasion and migration. Ultrastructural analyses showed that cell polarity and mitochondria function and morphology were restored in LIMD2 KO cells. To unveil the signals supervising these phenotypic changes, we employed phospho-protein array. Several members of the MAPK superfamily showed robust reduction in phosphorylation. A Venn diagram displayed the overlap of kinases with reduced phosphorylation in both cell lines and showed that they were able to initiate or sustain the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and DNA damage checkpoint. Flow cytometry and HCS validation analyses further corroborated the phospho-protein array data. Collectively, our findings show that LIMD2 enhances phosphorylation of kinases associated with EMT and invasion. Through cooperation with different kinases, it contributes to the increased genomic instability that ultimately promotes PTC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pinheiro Araldi
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/EPM, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (R.P.A.); (G.A.C.-G.)
| | - Thatiana Correa de Melo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR 85866-000, Brazil;
| | - Débora Levy
- Laboratory of Histocompatibility and Cellular Immunity, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP 05404-000, Brazil; (D.L.); (S.P.B.)
| | | | - Beatriz Maurício
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Avelar Colozza-Gama
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/EPM, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (R.P.A.); (G.A.C.-G.)
| | - Sergio Paulo Bydlowski
- Laboratory of Histocompatibility and Cellular Immunity, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP 05404-000, Brazil; (D.L.); (S.P.B.)
| | - Hongzhuang Peng
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.P.); (F.J.R.III)
| | - Frank J. Rauscher
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (H.P.); (F.J.R.III)
| | - Janete Maria Cerutti
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/EPM, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (R.P.A.); (G.A.C.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(11)-5576-4979
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15
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Mochel MC, Liaquat S, Moore JB, Hoang MP. Metastasizing basal cell carcinoma: A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 22 cases. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 48:374-383. [PMID: 33010047 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinomas metastasize rarely, and there have been limited studies of potential drivers for this metastasis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may play a role, although this has not been investigated in detail. We reviewed clinicopathologic features of 22 patients with metastasizing basal cell carcinoma (MBCC). Immunohistochemical markers of EMT, including CD44, E-cadherin, claudin, smooth muscle actin, beta-catenin, Twist1, and Oct 3/4, were evaluated on 10 MBCC (primary and metastases) and 18 non-metastasizing BCC. Primary sites included the head and neck, trunk, and extremity, while metastatic sites included lymph nodes, lung, bone, and soft tissue. Of 19 cases with follow-up, the range of follow-up after diagnosis of metastasis was 5 to 248 months (median: 50 months). Two cases were of unknown primary, nine metastases were diagnosed concurrently with primary tumors, and remaining cases showed a median latency between diagnosis of primary and metastatic tumors of 27.5 months (range: 3-81 months). Median survival was 66 months. Compared to non-metastasizing BCC, MBCC demonstrated reduced CD44 expression (primary [P = .0036], metastatic [P = .011]) and increased Twist1 expression (primary, P = .0017). MBCC shows variably aggressive behavior, and reduced CD44 and increased Twist1 expression may indicate significant EMT in metastasizing tumors and signify a metastatic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Mochel
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Samia Liaquat
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Johanna B Moore
- Western Diagnostic Services Laboratory, Santa Maria, California, USA
| | - Mai P Hoang
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Das PK, Asha SY, Abe I, Islam F, Lam AK. Roles of Non-Coding RNAs on Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3159. [PMID: 33126409 PMCID: PMC7693255 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) remains as one of the most aggressive human carcinomas with poor survival rates in patients with the cancer despite therapeutic interventions. Novel targeted and personalized therapies could solve the puzzle of poor survival rates of patients with ATC. In this review, we discuss the role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression in ATC as well as how the changes in their expression could potentially reshape the characteristics of ATCs. A broad range of miRNA, such as miR-205, miR-19a, miR-17-3p and miR-17-5p, miR-618, miR-20a, miR-155, etc., have abnormal expressions in ATC tissues and cells when compared to those of non-neoplastic thyroid tissues and cells. Moreover, lncRNAs, such as H19, Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex P5 (HCP5), Urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1), Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), etc., participate in transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in ATC cells. Dysregulations of these non-coding RNAs were associated with development and progression of ATC by modulating the functions of oncogenes during tumour progression. Thus, restoration of the abnormal expression of these miRNAs and lncRNAs may serve as promising ways to treat the patients with ATC. In addition, siRNA mediated inhibition of several oncogenes may act as a potential option against ATC. Thus, non-coding RNAs can be useful as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for the better management of patients with ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plabon Kumar Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (P.K.D.); (S.Y.A.)
| | - Saharia Yeasmin Asha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (P.K.D.); (S.Y.A.)
| | - Ichiro Abe
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka 818-8502, Japan
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (P.K.D.); (S.Y.A.)
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Alfred K. Lam
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
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17
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Gao C, Wei J, Tang T, Huang Z. Role of microRNA-33a in malignant cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2537-2556. [PMID: 32782572 PMCID: PMC7399786 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer causes most of the mortality and morbidity worldwide, with a significant increase in incidence during recent years. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are non-coding small RNAs capable of regulating gene expression. They regulate crucial cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, metastasis and apoptosis. Therefore, abnormal miRNA expression is associated with multiple diseases, including cancer. There are two types of cancer-associated miRNAs, oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs, depending on their roles and expression patterns in cancer. Accordingly, miRNAs are considered to be targets for cancer prevention and treatment. miR-33a controls cellular cholesterol uptake and synthesis, which are both closely associated with carcinogenesis. The present review thoroughly describes the roles of miR-33a in more than a dozen types of cancer and the underlying mechanisms. Accordingly, the present review may serve as a guide for researchers studying the involvement of miR-33a in diverse cancer settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Jiaen Wei
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China.,Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
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18
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Guan Y, Bhandari A, Xia E, Kong L, Zhang X, Wang O. Downregulating integrin subunit alpha 7 (ITGA7) promotes proliferation, invasion, and migration of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells through regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:116-124. [PMID: 31942970 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is one of the common malignancies of the endocrine system and the number of thyroid cancer cases is increasing constantly. Significant work has focused on the molecular mechanisms of thyroid cancer, but many mechanisms remain undiscovered. In this study, we employed a comprehensive analysis of whole-transcriptome resequencing derived from paired papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and normal thyroid tissues. We performed a massive parallel whole-transcriptome resequencing of matched PTC and normal thyroid tissues in 19 patients and found that integrin subunit alpha 7 (ITGA7) was downregulated in thyroid tumor tissues, but the function of ITGA7 in this cancer is still unclear. We also discovered that ITGA7 gene in thyroid cancer tissues was downregulated compared to paired adjacent non-tumor tissues by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. After transfection with small interfering RNA to knock down ITGA7, the abilities of colony formation, proliferation, migration, and invasion were enhanced in PTC cell lines (TPC1 and KTC-1). Meanwhile, ITGA7 knockdown decreased apoptotic cell death in thyroid cells but promoted the expressions of N-cadherin and vimentin and decreased E-cadherin expression by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which may induce invasion and migration. In conclusion, these results indicated that ITGA7 is involved in the progress of PTC and might act as a tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Guan
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Adheesh Bhandari
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Erjie Xia
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lingguo Kong
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ouchen Wang
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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19
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Shakib H, Rajabi S, Dehghan MH, Mashayekhi FJ, Safari-Alighiarloo N, Hedayati M. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in thyroid cancer: a comprehensive review. Endocrine 2019; 66:435-455. [PMID: 31378850 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Metastatic progression of solid tumors, such as thyroid cancer is a complex process which involves various factors. Current understanding on the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in thyroid carcinomas suggests that EMT is implicated in the progression from follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). According to the literature, the initiation of the EMT program in thyroid epithelial cells elevates the number of stem cells, which contribute to recurrent and metastatic diseases. The EMT process is orchestrated by a complex network of transcription factors, growth factors, signaling cascades, epigenetic modulations, and the tumor milieu. These factors have been shown to be dysregulated in thyroid carcinomas. Therefore, molecular interferences restoring the expression of tumor suppressors, or thwarting overexpressed oncogenes is a hopeful therapeutic method to improve the treatment of progressive diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on EMT in thyroid cancer focusing on the main role-players and regulators of this process in thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewa Shakib
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Rajabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Nahid Safari-Alighiarloo
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Wang Y, Hardin H, Chu YH, Esbona K, Zhang R, Lloyd RV. Long Non-coding RNA Expression in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas. Endocr Pathol 2019; 30:262-269. [PMID: 31468286 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-019-09589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in transcription and in epigenetic or post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They also have roles in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and in carcinogenesis. Because lncRNAs may also have a role in thyroid cancer progression, we examined a group of thyroid tumors which included papillary thyroid carcinomas and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas to determine the specific lncRNAs that were upregulated during thyroid tumor progression. An RT2 Profiler PCR Array Human Cancer Pathway Finder consisting of 84 lncRNAs (Qiagen) and fresh tissues of normal thyroid, PTCs, and ATCs with gene expression profiling was used to determine genes upregulated and downregulated in ATCs. Two of the most highly upregulated genes, prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) and HOX antisense intergenic RNA myeloid 1 (HOTAIRM1 or HAM-1), were selected for further studies using a thyroid tissue microarray(TMA) with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of normal thyroid (NT, n = 10), nodular goiters (NG, n = 10), follicular adenoma (FA, n = 32), follicular carcinoma (FCA, n = 28), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC, n = 28), follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC, n = 28), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC, n = 10). TMA sections were analyzed by in situ hybridization (ISH) using RNAscope technology. The results of ISH analyses were imaged with Vectra imaging technology and quantified with Nuance® and inForm® software. The TMA analysis was validated by qRT-PCR using FFPE tissues for RNA preparation. Cultured thyroid carcinoma cell lines (n = 7) were also used to analyze for lncRNAs by qRT-PCR. The results showed 11 lncRNAs upregulated and 7 downregulated lncRNAs more than twofold in the ATCS compared with PTCs. Two of the upregulated lncRNAs, PCA3 and HAM-1, were analyzed on a thyroid carcinoma TMA. There was increased expression of both lncRNAs in ATCs and PTCs compared with NT after TMA analysis. qRT-PCR analyses showed increased expression of both lncRNAs in ATCs compared with NT and PTCs. Analyses of these lncRNAs from cultured thyroid carcinoma cell lines by qRT-PCR showed the highest levels of lncRNA expression in ATCs. TGF-β treatment of cultured PTC and ATC cells for 21 days led to increased expression of PCA3 lncRNA in both cell lines by day 14. These results show that the lncRNAs PCA3 and HAM-1 are upregulated during thyroid tumor development and progression and may function as oncogenes during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Heather Hardin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Ying-Hsia Chu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Karla Esbona
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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21
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Chong ST, Tan KM, Kok CYL, Guan SP, Lai SH, Lim C, Hu J, Sturgis C, Eng C, Lam PYP, Ngeow J. IL13RA2 Is Differentially Regulated in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma vs Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5573-5584. [PMID: 31290966 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL13RA2), which is known to be overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme, plays a role in various cellular processes such as cell migration that may contribute to tumor progression. Studies have attributed IL13RA2 to invasion and metastasis in cancers of the ovary, breast, and pancreas, but the pathological role of IL13RA2 in thyroid cancer is still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate IL13RA2 expression in thyroid carcinomas and to examine the role of IL13RA2 in the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS IL13RA2 immunochemical staining was performed on tissue microarrays of 137 thyroid carcinomas from patients, and the differential profile of IL13RA2 was validated in thyroid cancer cell lines. In PTC cell lines, we functionally assessed the effects of IL13RA2 underexpression and overexpression on cell proliferation, cell migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by using CCK-8, transwell migration assay, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS IL13RA2 expression was significantly correlated with advanced tumor T stage (pT3 or pT4; P = 0.001) and regional lymph node metastasis (pN1; P < 0.001). The staining scores of IL13RA2 were significantly higher in PTC compared with follicular subtypes (P < 0.001) and correlated with advanced tumor stage among PTC samples (pT3 or pT4; P = 0.028). Knockdown of IL13RA2 in B-CPAP cells significantly reduced cell viability, cell migration, and EMT markers including N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail. Exogenous overexpression of IL13RA2 in K1 cells increased cell migration and EMT, although cell proliferation was not affected. CONCLUSION IL13RA2 is differentially regulated in PTC and is involved in cell migration by enhancing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Ting Chong
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Khee Ming Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Catherine Y L Kok
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Shou Ping Guan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Siang Hui Lai
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Cindy Lim
- Department of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiancheng Hu
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Charles Sturgis
- Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and Germline High Risk Cancer Focus Group, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paula Y P Lam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Division, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
- Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Hobnail cells in encapsulated papillary thyroid carcinoma: Report of 2 cases with immunohistochemical and molecular findings and literature analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 216:152678. [PMID: 31740230 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignant tumor of the thyroid gland with most tumors behaving in an indolent fashion. However, morphologic variants have been described, such as tall cell, diffuse sclerosing, columnar cell etc. which are biologically more aggressive. One of these variants includes the more recently described hobnail variant (HVPTC) which shows micropapillae and presence of large cells with apically placed hyperchromatic nuclei, reverse polarity, and eosinophilic cytoplasm, akin to hobnail cells. The presence of >30% hobnail cells in a PTC deserves categorization as a hobnail variant. This variant is usually associated with extra thyroidal extension, lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis. We describe the pathologic and molecular features of two cases of encapsulated PTC with hobnail cells in a 68 year old male and a 22 year old female (30% and 10% hobnail cells respectively). Both cases presented as low stage (pT2) tumors and showed no aggressive features like lymph node metastasis, or extrathyroidal extension (ETE) at the time of presentation. Tumors in both cases showed presence of BRAFV600E mutation, absence of RAS and/or TP53 mutations, and were negative for RET and PAX88/PPARG gene rearrangements.
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23
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Chen DD, Cheng JT, Chandoo A, Sun XW, Zhang L, Lu MD, Sun WJ, Huang YP. microRNA-33a prevents epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis of gastric cancer cells through the Snail/Slug pathway. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G147-G160. [PMID: 30943047 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00284.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are responsible for the majority of deaths in gastric cancer (GC). microRNA-33a (miR-33a) might function as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. Here, we describe the regulation and function of miR-33a in GC and mechanisms involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. First, GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected. miR-33a upregulation or SNAI2 depletion on GC cells were introduced to assess the detailed regulatory mechanism of them. We assessed the expression of miR-33a, SNAI2, Snail/Slug signaling pathway-related genes, and EMT-related markers in GC tissues and cells. miR-33a distribution in GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was measured. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and cell cycle distribution were assessed. In nude mice, GC tumor growth and lymph node metastasis were observed. Furthermore, the predicative value of miR-33a in the prognosis of GC patients was evaluated. The obtained results indicated that lowly expressed miR-33a, highly expressed SNAI2, activated Snail/Slug, and increased EMT were identified in GC tissues. miR-33a was located mainly in the cytoplasm. miR-33a targeted and negatively regulated SNAI2. MKN-45 and MKN-28 cell lines were selected for in vitro experiments. Upregulated miR-33a expression or siRNA-mediated silencing of SNAI2 suppressed the activation of Snail/Slug, whereby GC cell proliferation, invasion and migration, EMT, tumor growth, and lymph node metastasis were inhibited. High expression of miR-33a was a protective factor influencing the prognosis of GC. This study suggests that miR-33a inhibited EMT, invasion, and metastasis of GC through the Snail/Slug signaling pathway by modulating SNAI2 expression.NEW & NOTEWORTHY miR-33a targets and inhibits the expression of SNAI2, overexpression of SNAI2 activates the Snail/Slug signaling pathway, the Snail/Slug signaling pathway promotes GC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, and overexpression of miR-33a inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. This study provides a new therapeutic target for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Di Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Arvine Chandoo
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming-Dong Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jian Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying-Peng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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24
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Ye D, Jiang Y, Sun Y, Li Y, Cai Y, Wang Q, Wang O, Chen E, Zhang X. METTL7B promotes migration and invasion in thyroid cancer through epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 63:51-61. [PMID: 31121562 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is associated with one of the most malignant endocrine tumors. However, molecular mechanisms underlying thyroid tumorigenesis and progression remain unclear. In order to investigate these mechanisms, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing, which indicated that a differentially expressed gene, METTL7B, was highly expressed in thyroid cancers. We analyzed METTL7B expression using TCGA and performed qRT-PCR on tissue samples. Moreover, an analysis of clinicopathological characteristics revealed a positive correlation between METTL7B and lymph node metastasis. A series of in vitro experiments indicated that METTL7B enhanced migration and invasion of thyroid carcinoma cells. Further studies revealed that METTL7B may enhance TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our results indicate that METTL7B may promote metastasis of thyroid cancer through EMT and may therefore be considered as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danrong Ye
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yihan Sun
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yefeng Cai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qingxuan Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ouchen Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Endong Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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25
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Cheng R, Gong W, Ding T, Zhai Q, Wang Y, Meng B, Sun B. Expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulators TWIST, SLUG and SNAIL in follicular thyroid tumours may relate to widely invasive, poorly differentiated and distant metastasis. Histopathology 2019; 74:780-791. [PMID: 30368884 DOI: 10.1111/his.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulators in follicular thyroid tumours. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of E-cadherin (E-CAD) and transcription factors TWIST, SLUG and SNAIL in follicular thyroid tumours was examined by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples, including 18 follicular adenomas (FA), 12 minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinomas (MI-FTC), 16 widely invasive follicular thyroid carcinomas (WI-FTC), 10 poorly differentiated follicular thyroid carcinomas (PDTC) and six anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC). Metastatic tumour tissues from six of these cases were also examined. The results showed an increasing expression trend of EMT regulators in a panel of follicular tumour cases with a spectrum of morphological subtypes from low- to high-risk malignancy. The expression of EMT regulators was higher in the WI-FTC, PDTC and ATC groups but focal and lower in the FA and MI-FTC groups. Different expression intensity of E-CAD and EMT regulators at the tumour centre part and the invasive front (IF) was observed. The loss of E-CAD and expression of EMT regulators was significantly correlated with distant metastasis and vascular invasion (VI) in the well-differentiated follicular carcinoma (WD-FTC), and six tumours of metastatic sites also showed variables positive for EMT regulators. The disease-free survival analysis showed an apparent relationship between the expression of EMT regulators and the tumour disease-free outcomes in WD-FTC. CONCLUSIONS Our study supported the role of EMT in the development of follicular thyroid carcinoma and indicated that EMT regulatory proteins may play an important role in WD-FTC that are widely invasive and exhibit distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Wu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Runfen Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenchen Gong
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - TingTing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiongli Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Meng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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26
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Orlandella FM, Mariniello RM, Iervolino PLC, Auletta L, De Stefano AE, Ugolini C, Greco A, Mirabelli P, Pane K, Franzese M, Denaro M, Basolo F, Salvatore G. Junctional adhesion molecule-A is down-regulated in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas and reduces cancer cell aggressiveness by modulating p53 and GSK3 α/β pathways. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1181-1193. [PMID: 30834573 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) is a transmembrane protein that contributes to different biological process, including the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Through an EMT profiler array, we explored the molecular players associated with human thyroid cancer progression and identified JAM-A as one of the genes mostly deregulated. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analyses showed that downregulation of JAM-A occurred in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) compared with normal thyroid (NT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues and correlated with extrathyroid infiltration, tumor size, and ATC histotype. In ATC cell lines, JAM-A restoration suppressed malignant hallmarks of transformation including cell proliferation, motility, and transendothelial migration. Accordingly, knockdown of JAM-A enhanced thyroid cancer cell proliferation and motility in PTC cells. Through the proteome profiler human phospho-kinase array, we demonstrated that higher expression of JAM-A was associated with a significant increased level of phosphorylation of p53 and GSK3 α/β proteins. In conclusion, our findings highlight a novel role of JAM-A in thyroid cancer progression and suggest that JAM-A restoration could have potential clinical relevance in thyroid cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raffaela Mariarosaria Mariniello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Clara Ugolini
- Dipartimento di Area Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adelaide Greco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.,Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maria Denaro
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirugica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica dell' Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Basolo
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirugica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica dell' Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuliana Salvatore
- IRCCS SDN, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Napoli, Italy
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27
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Thyroid cancer stem-like cell exosomes: regulation of EMT via transfer of lncRNAs. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1133-1142. [PMID: 29967342 PMCID: PMC6138523 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancers are the most common endocrine malignancy and approximately 2% of thyroid cancers are anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), one of the most lethal and treatment resistant human cancers. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) may initiate tumorigenesis, induce resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, have multipotent capability and may be responsible for recurrent and metastatic disease. The production of CSCs has been linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the acquisition of stemness. Exosomes are small (30-150 nm) membranous vesicles secreted by most cells that play a significant role in cell-to-cell communication. Many non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), such as long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), can initiate tumorigenesis and the EMT process. Exosomes carry ncRNAs to local and distant cell populations. This study examines secreted exosomes from two in vitro cell culture models; an EMT model and a CSC model. The EMT was induced in a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cell line by TGFβ1 treatment. Exosomes from this model were isolated and cultured with naïve PTC cells and examined for EMT induction. In the CSC model, exosomes were isolated from a CSC clonal line, cultured with a normal thyroid cell line and examined for EMT induction. The EMT exosomes transferred the lncRNA MALAT1 and EMT effectors SLUG and SOX2; however, EMT was not induced in this model. The exosomes from the CSC model also transferred the lncRNA MALAT1 and the transcription factors SLUG and SOX2 but additionally transferred linc-ROR and induced EMT in the normal thyroid cells. Preliminary siRNA studies directed towards linc-ROR reduced invasion. We hypothesize that CSC exosomes transfer lncRNAs, importantly linc-ROR, to induce EMT and inculcate the local tumor microenvironment and the distant metastatic niche. Therapies directed towards CSCs, their exosomes and/or the lncRNAs they carry may reduce a tumor's metastatic capacity.
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28
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Malgulwar PB, Nambirajan A, Pathak P, Rajeshwari M, Suri V, Sarkar C, Singh M, Sharma MC. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related transcription factors are up-regulated in ependymomas and correlate with a poor prognosis. Hum Pathol 2018; 82:149-157. [PMID: 30067950 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in invasion and metastasis of various cancers including gliomas. EMT has also been linked to cancer stem cells and resistance to chemotherapy. An initial in-silico data mining in a published ependymoma (EPN) patient series (GSE21687) revealed up-regulation of EMT transcription factors in tumor samples. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-based gene expression analysis of EMT transcription factors in 96 EPNs showed significant up-regulation of SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB1, and TWIST1 as compared with normal brain, associated with up-regulation of CDH2/N-cadherin and down-regulation of CDH1/E-cadherin. Although this was observed in varying degrees in all clinicopathological-molecular subgroups of EPNs, it was most evident in supratentorial EPNs harboring fusions of RELA (v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A) gene and in posterior fossa EPNs. Immunohistochemistry performed in 60 of the above cases corroborated with gene expression patterns, and immunopositivity for Snail, Slug, Zeb1, and Twist1 was observed in 80%, 80%, 81%, and 63% of all EPNs. Immunopositivity for N-cadherin and E-cadherin was observed in 76.6% and 2% of the cases, respectively. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that low expression of CDH1/E-cadherin (P = .002) and high expression levels of CDH2/N-cadherin (P < .001), SNAI1/Snail (P = .023), SNAI2/Slug (P < .001), and ZEB1 (P < .001) were associated with shorter progression-free survival. Here, we report for the first time the existence of EMT-like phenotype in EPNs. These factors could represent new prognostic and therapeutic targets in EPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prit Benny Malgulwar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Aruna Nambirajan
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pankaj Pathak
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Madhu Rajeshwari
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mehar Chand Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Nakazawa T, Kondo T, Vuong HG, Odate T, Kawai M, Tahara I, Kasai K, Inoue T, Oishi N, Mochizuki K, Ito K, Katoh R. High expression of CD10 in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Histopathology 2018; 73:492-499. [PMID: 29791034 DOI: 10.1111/his.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS CD10 is an endopeptidase that degrades various bioactive peptides in the extracellular matrix. In addition to enzymatic degradation, it affects multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways. CD10 expression has been extensively studied in human epithelial cancers of numerous organs and sites. However, its presence in thyroid carcinomas, especially in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), has not been fully determined. An actual CD10 expression in thyroid lesions including a large series of ATC was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined CD10 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 152 thyroid lesions: nine adenomatous goitres (AGs) and 143 tumours, including 47 anaplastic carcinomas. IHC showed diffuse and strong positivity for CD10 in the epithelial components of almost all ATCs. However, epithelia with squamous metaplasia and oncocytic change from AGs, follicular adenomas and differentiated carcinomas had focal CD10 reactivity. Some papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), along with the PTC components of some ATCs, showed CD10 positivity in fibroblast-like stromal cells and fibrous material. CONCLUSION Our results imply that the CD10 expression pattern depended on the histotypes of thyroid lesions. When possible metastatic tumours and non-epithelial tumours are excluded, high CD10 expression may be useful in determining whether a primary thyroid carcinoma includes an anaplastic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Nakazawa
- Department of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Huy Gia Vuong
- Department of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toru Odate
- Department of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masataka Kawai
- Department of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ippei Tahara
- Department of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kunio Mochizuki
- Department of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katoh
- Department of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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30
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Zhong C, Zhuang M, Wang X, Li J, Chen Z, Huang Y, Chen F. 12-Lipoxygenase promotes invasion and metastasis of human gastric cancer cells via epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1455-1462. [PMID: 30008824 PMCID: PMC6036329 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) in tumorigenesis has been well established in several types of human cancer, including gastric cancer. It was reported that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis. However, whether 12-LOX promotes the invasion and metastasis of human gastric cancer cells via EMT remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the expression of 12-LOX and EMT markers, N-cadherin and E-cadherin, was evaluated in gastric cancer and adjacent normal mucosa samples by immunohistochemical analysis. 12-LOX-overexpressing gastric cancer cells were established via lentiviral transfection of SCG-7901 cells. Wound-healing and Transwell assays were performed to examine the regulation of cell metastasis and invasion by 12-LOX. Furthermore, the regulation of N-cadherin expression by 12-LOX was evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The results revealed that the expression of 12-LOX and N-cadherin was significantly higher in gastric cancer compared with that in adjacent normal mucosa tissues (P<0.05). By contrast, the expression of E-cadherin was significantly decreased in gastric cancer compared with that in adjacent normal mucosa tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of 12-LOX was positively associated with N-cadherin expression in gastric cancer tissues. 12-LOX-overexpressing gastric cancer cells exhibited significantly increased invasion and migration abilities compared with the empty vector and control groups. The expression of N-cadherin in 12-LOX-overexpressing gastric cancer cells was increased compared with that in the empty vector and control groups. The present study suggests that EMT may be involved in the promotion of the invasion and metastasis of human gastric cancer cells by 12-LOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canmei Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Mingkai Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiazhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jianying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yuehong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Fenglin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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Loss of One or Two PATZ1 Alleles Has a Critical Role in the Progression of Thyroid Carcinomas Induced by the RET/PTC1 Oncogene. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040092. [PMID: 29584698 PMCID: PMC5923347 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
POZ/BTB and AT-hook-containing zinc finger protein 1 (PATZ1) is an emerging cancer-related gene that is downregulated in different human malignancies, including thyroid cancer, where its levels gradually decrease going from papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) to poorly differentiated and undifferentiated highly aggressive anaplastic carcinomas (ATC). The restoration of PATZ1 expression in thyroid cancer cells reverted their malignant phenotype by inducing mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, thus validating a tumor suppressor role for PATZ1 and suggesting its involvement in thyroid cancer progression. Here, we investigated the consequences of the homozygous and heterozygous loss of PATZ1 in the context of a mouse modeling of PTC, represented by mice carrying the RET/PTC1 oncogene under the thyroid specific control of the thyroglobulin promoter RET/PTC1 (RET/PTC1TG). The phenotypic analysis of RET/PTC1TG mice intercrossed with Patz1-knockout mice revealed that deficiency of both Patz1 alleles enhanced thyroid cancer incidence in RET/PTC1TG mice, but not the heterozygous knockout of the Patz1 gene. However, both RET/PTC1TG;Patz1+/− and RET/PTC1TG;Patz1−/− mice developed a more aggressive thyroid cancer phenotype—characterized by higher Ki-67 expression, presence of ATCs, and increased incidence of solid variants of PTC—than that shown by RET/PTC1TG; Patz1+/+ compound mice. These results confirm that PATZ1 downregulation has a critical role in thyroid carcinogenesis, showing that it cooperates with RET/PTC1 in thyroid cancer progression.
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Vosgha H, Ariana A, Smith RA, Lam AKY. miR-205 targets angiogenesis and EMT concurrently in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:323-337. [PMID: 29317480 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to evaluate for the first time the inhibitory roles of miR-205 in the pathogenesis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. In addition, we investigated the mechanisms by which miR-205 regulates angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer. Two anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines were transfected with the expression vector pCMV-MIR-205 Selected markers of angiogenesis and EMT including vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) were investigated by Western blot. The interaction of miR-205 expression with EMT and angiogenesis were also investigated by assessment of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP 9), SNAI1 (Snai1 family zinc finger 1), vimentin, E-cadherin and N-cadherin. The function of miR-205 was further tested with VEGF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), wound healing, invasion and tube formation assays. Using an animal model, we studied the association of miR-205 with angiogenesis, proliferation and invasion. The following results were obtained. Permanent overexpression of miR-205 significantly suppressed angiogenesis and EMT by simultaneously targeting VEGF-A, ZEB1 and downstream products. Ectopic expression of miR-205 in cancer cells led to decreased migration, invasion and tube formation of endothelial cells. In addition, inhibition of tumour growth, vascularisation and invasion were noted in the mouse tumour xenografts. Our findings provide insights into simultaneous regulatory role of miR-205 in the pathogenesis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma by suppressing both angiogenesis and EMT. This may open avenues to exploit miR-205 as an alternative cancer therapeutic strategy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Vosgha
- Cancer Molecular PathologySchool of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Armin Ariana
- Cancer Molecular PathologySchool of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Anthony Smith
- Cancer Molecular PathologySchool of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Genomics Research CentreInstitute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular PathologySchool of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Tarabichi M, Antoniou A, Le Pennec S, Gacquer D, de Saint Aubain N, Craciun L, Cielen T, Laios I, Larsimont D, Andry G, Dumont JE, Maenhaut C, Detours V. Distinctive Desmoplastic 3D Morphology Associated With BRAFV600E in Papillary Thyroid Cancers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1102-1111. [PMID: 29342254 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although 60% of papillary thyroid carcinomas are BRAFV600E mutant (PTCV600E), the increased aggressiveness of these cancers is still debated. OBJECTIVE For PTCV600E we aimed to further characterize the extent of the stroma and its activation, the three-dimensional (3D) tumor-stroma interface, and the proliferation rates of tumor and stromal fibroblasts. DESIGN We analyzed exomes, transcriptomes, and images of 364 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTCs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), including 211 PTCV600E; stained 22 independent PTCs for BRAFV600E and Ki67; sequenced the exomes and stained BRAFV600E in 5 primary tumor blocks and 4 nodal metastases from one patient with PTCV600E; and reconstructed the 3D volumes of one tumor and one metastatic block at histological resolution. RESULTS In TCGA, BRAFV600E was associated with higher expression of proliferation markers and lower expression of thyroid differentiation markers, independently of tumor purity. Moreover, PTCV600E, in line with their overall lower purity, also had higher expression of fibroblast- and T cell-associated genes and presented more fibrosis. Tumor cells that appeared disconnected on two-dimensional histological slices were revealed to be part of a unique tumor component in the 3D reconstructed microvolumes, and they formed a surprisingly complex connected space, infiltrating a proliferative stroma. Finally, in our PTC set, both stromal fibroblasts and tumor cells presented higher proliferation rates in PTCV600E. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the increased aggressiveness associated with BRAFV600E in PTC and shed light on the important role of the stroma in tumor expansion. The greater and more active fibrotic component predicts better efficiency of combined targeted treatments, as previously proposed for melanomaV600E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Tarabichi
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aline Antoniou
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soazig Le Pennec
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Gacquer
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas de Saint Aubain
- Department of Pathology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ligia Craciun
- Department of Pathology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Cielen
- Department of Pathology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ioanna Laios
- Department of Pathology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Department of Pathology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Andry
- Surgery Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Emile Dumont
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine Maenhaut
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Detours
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Pan Y, Liu P, Chen D, Dou L. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against Slug induces apoptosis and sensitizes human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells to doxorubicin. Cancer Biomark 2018; 18:357-366. [PMID: 28128736 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human cancers and often shows resistance to multimodal therapeutic approaches. It has been shown that the transcriptional repressor Slug inhibits the chemotherapeutic agent-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. We evaluated whether targeting of Slug could augment doxorubicin (DOX)-induced apoptosis of ATC cells. We also determined changes in PUMA (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis) expression levels to identify possible mechanisms of their combined actions. METHODS SW1736 cells were transfected with Slug siRNA or/and PUMA siRNA and then exposed to DOX (0.1, 1, and 5 μ M) for selected times. Scrambled siRNA was used as a control. The effects on cell viability were determined via MTT assay. Apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL assays and annexin V staining, and was confirmed by flow cytometry analyses. Slug and PUMA levels were determined using western blotting, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analyses. We used a subcutaneous implanted tumor model of SW1736 cells in nude mice to assess the effects of Slug silencing in combination with DOX on tumor development. Apoptosis was assessed via TUNEL assay. RESULTS Targeting of Slug using siRNA inhibits growth of SW1736 cells and sensitizes SW1736 cells to DOX in vitro and vivo. Targeting of Slug combined with DOX led to lower cell viability than treatment with DOX alone in SW1736 cells. TUNEL and flow cytometry analyses showed that targeting of Slug enhanced DOX-induced apoptosis of SW1736 cells. In addition, targeting of Slug increased PUMA expression, and targeting of PUMA restored the chemoresistance of SW1736/Slug siRNA cells to DOX. CONCLUSIONS Knockdown of Slug enhanced the antitumor activity of DOX in SW1736 cells via induction of PUMA upregulation. Our results suggest that targeting of Slug has good potential for the development of new therapeutic strategies for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Pan
- Department of Imaging, Yantai Yu-Huang-Ding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China.,Department of Imaging, Yantai Yu-Huang-Ding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Peiji Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yantai Yu-Huang-Ding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China.,Department of Imaging, Yantai Yu-Huang-Ding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Deng Chen
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Linying Dou
- Department of Health Care, People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
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TWIST1/miR-584/TUSC2 pathway induces resistance to apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70575-70588. [PMID: 27661106 PMCID: PMC5342575 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TWIST1, a transcription factor, plays a pivotal role in cancer initiation and progression. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the deadliest human malignancies; TWIST1 is overexpressed in ATC and increases thyroid cancer cell survival, migration and invasion. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of TWIST1 are partially known. Here, using miRNome profiling of papillary thyroid cancer cells (TPC-1) ectopically expressing TWIST1, we identified miR-584. We showed that TWIST1 directly binds miR-584 using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Importantly, miR-584 was up-regulated in human ATC compared to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and normal thyroid samples. Overexpression of miR-584 in TPC cells induced resistance to apoptosis, whereas stable transfection of anti-miR-584 in TPC-TWIST1 and 8505C cells increased the sensitivity to apoptosis. Using bioinformatics programs, we identified TUSC2 (tumor suppressor candidate 2) as a novel target of miR-584. TUSC2 mRNA and protein levels were decreased in TPC miR-584 and increased in TPC-TWIST1 anti-miR-584 cells. Luciferase assays demonstrated direct targeting. Restored expression of TUSC2 rescued the inhibition of apoptosis induced by miR-584. Finally, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis showed that TUSC2 was down-regulated in ATC and PTC samples compared to normal thyroids. In conclusion, our study identified a novel TWIST1/miR-584/TUSC2 pathway that plays a role in resistance to apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells.
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Jiang S, Liu X, Li D, Yan M, Ju C, Sun J, Jiang F. Study on Attenuating Angiogenesis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) by Regulating MAGEC2. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818797587. [PMID: 30198403 PMCID: PMC6131299 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818797587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of MAGE family member C2 in angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung carcinoma. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas data set was analyzed to filter the highly expressed gene melanoma antigen family C2 in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to verify the overexpression of melanoma antigen family C2 in non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. Melanoma antigen family C2 complementary DNA and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were transfected into SK-MES-1 cells to regulate melanoma antigen family C2 expression. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay were performed to investigate the effect of melanoma antigen family C2 on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of SK-MES-1 cell line. Western blot was used to detect the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to investigate the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor, and tube formation assay was conducted to explore the effect of melanoma antigen family C2 on angiogenesis ability of the tumor. Tumor xenograft on nude mice and immunohistochemical/hematoxylin and eosin staining were also performed to detect the influence of melanoma antigen family C2 on growth and metastasis of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. RESULTS Melanoma antigen family C2 was highly expressed in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells; melanoma antigen family C2 promoted the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins as well as enhance the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and promote angiogenesis; melanoma antigen family C2 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion and suppressed apoptosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. It could also facilitate growth and metastasis of non-small cell lung carcinoma in vivo. CONCLUSION Melanoma antigen family C2 was a critical factor of angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Province Tumor Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Daojing Li
- Department of Oncology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meiying Yan
- Department of Oncology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cheng Ju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Province Tumor Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Bu R, Siraj AK, Divya SP, Kong Y, Parvathareddy SK, Al-Rasheed M, Al-Obaisi KAS, Victoria IG, Al-Sobhi SS, Al-Dawish M, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. Telomerase reverse transcriptase mutations are independent predictor of disease-free survival in Middle Eastern papillary thyroid cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:2028-2039. [PMID: 29266240 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Tumor recurrence occurs in ∼20% of PTCs and some reach advanced stages. Promoter mutation in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene is identified to be a prognostic marker in PTC. However, the contribution of TERT promoter mutation to cancer progression in PTC patients is still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the incidence of TERT promoter mutations and TERT protein expression and their association with clinicopathological outcomes in a large cohort of PTC samples using direct sequencing technology and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, two PTC cell lines were utilized to investigate role of TERT mutations in mediating metastasis. Two promoter hotspot mutations C228T and C250T were identified in 18.0% (167/927) of our cohort and were significantly associated with poor 5 years disease-free survival and distant metastasis of PTC. TERT protein overexpression was noted in 20.1% of our PTC cohort and was significantly associated with poor prognostic markers such as older age, extrathyroidal extension and Stage IV tumors. A significant association was also found between TERT overexpression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Functional analysis showed that TERT inhibition reduced cell growth, invasion, migration and angiogenesis in PTC via suppression of EMT in PTC cells. Our results suggest that TERT promoter mutation is an independent predictor of disease-free survival and might drive the metastasis, and downregulation of TERT could potentiate antitumor and antimetastatic activities in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Bu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Kong
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep Kumar Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Rasheed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadija A S Al-Obaisi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ingrid G Victoria
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif S Al-Sobhi
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Dawish
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, , Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
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Matson DR, Hardin H, Buehler D, Lloyd RV. AKT activity is elevated in aggressive thyroid neoplasms where it promotes proliferation and invasion. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 103:288-293. [PMID: 29169802 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway controls major cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation and survival. Stimulation of this pathway leads to AKT phosphorylation and activation, resulting in phosphorylation of mTOR and myriad other targets. AKT upregulation has been implicated in thyroid cancer pathogenesis and is a candidate treatment target for patients with advanced disease that has not responded to traditional therapies. Here we evaluate a large series of benign and malignant thyroid tumors for AKT activity and intracellular distribution. We also deplete AKT from multiple thyroid cancer cell lines, including putative cancer stem cell lines, and measure the effect on proliferation and invasion in vitro. We show that active AKT has a predominantly nuclear distribution and its expression is highest in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas and papillary thyroid carcinomas, including encapsulated and invasive follicular variants. Depletion of AKT in thyroid carcinoma cell lines led to greatly reduced proliferative capacity and resulted in a reduction of invasive potential. A reduction in invasion was also observed in the cancer stem cell compartment. Targeting AKT activity in the clinical setting may slow the growth and spread of aggressive thyroid neoplasms, and target the tumor stem cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Matson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Heather Hardin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Darya Buehler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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De Andrade JP, Lorenzen AW, Wu VT, Bogachek MV, Park JM, Gu VW, Sevenich CM, Cassady VC, Beck AC, Kulak MV, Robinson RA, Lal G, Weigel RJ. Targeting the SUMO pathway as a novel treatment for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114801-114815. [PMID: 29383121 PMCID: PMC5777733 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are expanded in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and standard treatment approaches have failed to improve survival, suggesting a need to specifically target the CSC population. Recent studies in breast and colorectal cancer demonstrated that inhibition of the SUMO pathway repressed CD44 and cleared the CSC population, mediated through SUMO-unconjugated TFAP2A. We sought to evaluate effects of inhibiting the SUMO pathway in ATC. ATC cell lines and primary ATC tumor samples were evaluated. The SUMO pathway was inhibited by knockdown of PIAS1 and use of SUMO inhibitors anacardic acid and PYR-41. The expression of TFAP2A in primary ATC was examined by immunohistochemistry. All ATC cell lines expressed TFAP2A but only 8505C expressed SUMO-conjugated TFAP2A. In 8505C only, inhibition of the SUMO pathway by knockdown of PIAS1 or treatment with SUMO inhibitors repressed expression of CD44 with a concomitant loss of SUMO-conjugated TFAP2A. The effect of SUMO inhibition on CD44 expression was dependent upon TFAP2A. Treatment with SUMO inhibitors resulted in a statistically improved tumor-free survival in mice harboring 8505C xenografts. An examination of primary ATC tissue determined that TFAP2A was expressed in 4 of 11 tumors surveyed. We conclude that inhibition of the SUMO pathway repressed the CSC population, delaying the outgrowth of tumor xenografts in ATC. The effect of SUMO inhibition was dependent upon expression of SUMO-conjugated TFAP2A, which may serve as a molecular marker for therapeutic effects of SUMO inhibitors. The findings provide pre-clinical evidence for development of SUMO inhibitors for the treatment of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent T Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Jung M Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Vivian W Gu
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Anna C Beck
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mikhail V Kulak
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Geeta Lal
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ronald J Weigel
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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40
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Liang Z, Xie WJ, Zhao M, Cheng GP, Wu MJ. DDR2 facilitates papillary thyroid carcinoma epithelial mesenchymal transition by activating ERK2/Snail1 pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:8114-8121. [PMID: 29250189 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The upregulation of discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (DDR2) has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis and metastasis in numerous tumor types by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); however, the expression profile of DDR2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with local metastasis and the effect of DDR2 on PTC cells remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression levels of DDR2 in tumor tissues of patients with PTC with local metastasis and cell lines and to determine the effect of DDR2 on EMT in PTC cells. In the present study, it was demonstrated that DDR2 was significantly increased in tumor tissues of patients with PTC with local metastasis and human PTC cell lines. The overexpression of DDR2 by lentiviral transfection decreased E-cadherin protein, increased Vimentin protein, and promoted cell migration and invasion. The inhibition of DDR2 reversed transforming growth factor-β- and collagen I-induced EMT. EMT induced by DDR2 overexpression was suggested to be dependent on increased Snail1 protein level following extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)2 activation. The inhibition of Snail1 or ERK2 was sufficient to abrogate DDR2-induced PTC cell EMT. In conclusion, these results indicate that DDR2 is upregulated in PTC tissues with local metastasis. Overexpression of DDR2 induced EMT in PTC cells by activating ERK2 and stabilizing Snail1, making it a promising therapeutic target for reducing PTC local or distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Xie
- Department of Pathology, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Affiliated Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Ping Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Juan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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The evolving concept of cancer stem-like cells in thyroid cancer and other solid tumors. J Transl Med 2017; 97:1142-1151. [PMID: 28394318 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem-like cell (CSC) hypothesis postulates that a small population of cells in a cancer has self-renewal and clonal tumor initiation properties. These cells are responsible for tumor initiation, growth, recurrence and for resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. CSCs can be characterized using markers such as SSEA-1, SSEA-4, CD44, CD24, ALDEFLUOR and others. CSCs form spheres when they are cultured in serum-free condition in low attachment plates and can generate tumors when injected into immune-deficient mice. During epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), cells lose cellular adhesion and polarity and acquire an invasive phenotype. Recent studies have established a relationship between EMT and increased numbers of CSCs in some solid malignancies. Non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have important roles during EMT and some of these molecules also have regulatory roles in the proliferation of CSCs. Specific lncRNAs enhanced cell migration and invasion in breast carcinomas, which was associated with the generation of stem cell properties. The tumor microenvironment of CSCs also has an important role in tumor progression. Recent studies have shown that the interaction between tumor cells and the local microenvironment at the metastatic site leads to the development of premetastatic niche(s) and allows for the proliferation of the metastatic cells during colonization. The role of exosomes in the microenvironment during the EMT program is currently a major area of research. This review examines CSCs and the relationship between EMT and CSCs in solid tumors with emphasis on thyroid CSCs. The role of non-coding RNAs and of the microenvironment in EMT and in tumor progression are also examined. This review also highlights the growing number of studies that show the close association of EMT and CSCs and the role of exosomes and other elements of the tissue microenvironment in CSC metastasis. A better understanding of these mechanisms will lead to more effective targeting of primary and metastatic malignancies.
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Hatakeyama H, Hoshino K, Mizoguchi K, Suzuki T, Hatanaka KC, Yamaya Y, Kano S, Mizumachi T, Homma A. Atypical adenoma of the thyroid diagnosed as anaplastic cancer by cytopathology. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 45:928-933. [PMID: 28544576 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Atypical adenoma of the thyroid is a rare form of tumor, and its accurate diagnosis prior to surgical resection is difficult as the histological and pathological morphologies are very similar to those of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), and its anaplastic transformation remains to be elucidated. We reported a case of a 75-year-old female with a thyroid isthmus nodule diagnosed repeatedly by FNAC as anaplastic carcinoma. Both the first and second FNAC specimen slides showed a large number of scattered or aggregated atypical cells consisting of large, pleomorphic nuclei with irregular membranes, chromatin clumps and prominent nucleoli. The morphology of the surgical specimen was similar to that of an anaplastic carcinoma and although it showed signs of transition from a normal follicular epithelium, there was no invasive growth or mitosis. This lesion was diagnosed as an atypical adenoma, and a papillary carcinoma was also present in the right lobe of the thyroid. Here we evaluate the molecular features of atypical adenomas in comparison with 9 ATC samples, and discuss whether or not atypical adenomas represent a form of premalignant lesion. Ki-67 expression was found to be very low in atypical adenomas whereas all ATC samples showed high levels of Ki-67 expression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression suggested that atypical adenomas maintain their epithelial phenotype to a higher degree than do ATCs. Differential diagnosis between ATC and atypical adenoma is difficult by cytological and histological methods alone, and Ki-67 and EMT marker expression may support the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Hatakeyama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kimiko Hoshino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizoguchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kanako C Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yukie Yamaya
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Mizumachi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Murata T, Iwadate M, Takizawa Y, Miyakoshi M, Hayase S, Yang W, Cai Y, Yokoyama S, Nagashima K, Wakabayashi Y, Zhu J, Kimura S. An Adult Mouse Thyroid Side Population Cell Line that Exhibits Enriched Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Thyroid 2017; 27:460-474. [PMID: 28125936 PMCID: PMC5346910 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of thyroid stem/progenitor cells have been hampered due to the small organ size and lack of tissue, which limits the yield of these cells. A continuous source that allows the study and characterization of thyroid stem/progenitor cells is desired to push the field forward. METHOD A cell line was established from Hoechst-resistant side population cells derived from mouse thyroid that were previously shown to contain stem/progenitor-like cells. Characterization of these cells were carried out by using in vitro two- and three-dimensional cultures and in vivo reconstitution of mice after orthotopic or intravenous injection, in conjunction with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunohisto(cyto)chemistry/immunofluorescence, and RNA seq analysis. RESULTS These cells were named SPTL (side population cell-derived thyroid cell line). Under low serum culturing conditions, SPTL cells expressed the thyroid differentiation marker NKX2-1, a transcription factor critical for thyroid differentiation and function, while no expression of other thyroid differentiation marker genes were observed. SPTL cells formed follicle-like structures in Matrigel® cultures, which did not express thyroid differentiation marker genes. In mouse models of orthotopic and intravenous injection, the latter following partial thyroidectomy, a few SPTL cells were found in part of the follicles, most of which expressed NKX2-1. SPTL cells highly express genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as demonstrated by RNA seq analysis, and exhibit a gene-expression pattern similar to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that SPTL cells have the capacity to differentiate into thyroid to a limited degree. SPTL cells may provide an excellent tool to study stem cells, including cancer stem cells of the thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Murata
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Manabu Iwadate
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yoshinori Takizawa
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Masaaki Miyakoshi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Suguru Hayase
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wenjing Yang
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yan Cai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shigetoshi Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Yoshiyuki Wakabayashi
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jun Zhu
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Zhang R, Hardin H, Huang W, Chen J, Asioli S, Righi A, Maletta F, Sapino A, Lloyd RV. MALAT1 Long Non-coding RNA Expression in Thyroid Tissues: Analysis by In Situ Hybridization and Real-Time PCR. Endocr Pathol 2017; 28:7-12. [PMID: 27696303 PMCID: PMC5313332 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-016-9453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important for transcription and for epigenetic or posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression and may contribute to carcinogenesis. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), an lncRNA involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell proliferation, and cell migration, is known to be deregulated in multiple cancers. Here, we analyzed the expression of MALAT1 on 195 cases of benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms by using tissue microarrays for RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and real-time PCR. MALAT1 is highly expressed in normal thyroid (NT) tissues and thyroid tumors, with increased expression during progression from NT to papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) but is downregulated in poorly differentiated thyroid cancers (PDCs) and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) compared to NT. Induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in a PTC cell line (TPC1) led to increased MALAT1 expression, supporting a role for MALAT1 in EMT in thyroid tumors. This is the first ISH study of MALAT1 expression in thyroid tissues. It also provides the first piece of evidence suggesting MALAT1 downregulation in certain thyroid malignancies. Our findings support the notion that ATCs may be molecularly distinct from low-grade thyroid malignancies and suggest that MALAT1 may function both as an oncogene and as a tumor suppressor in different types of thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology K4/436, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Box 8550, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Heather Hardin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology K4/436, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Box 8550, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology K4/436, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Box 8550, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Jidong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology K4/436, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Box 8550, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology K4/436, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Box 8550, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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Weinberger P, Ponny SR, Xu H, Bai S, Smallridge R, Copland J, Sharma A. Cell Cycle M-Phase Genes Are Highly Upregulated in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Thyroid 2017; 27:236-252. [PMID: 27796151 PMCID: PMC5314727 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) accounts for only 3% of thyroid cancers, yet strikingly, it accounts for almost 40% of thyroid cancer deaths. Currently, no effective therapies exist. In an effort to identify ATC-specific therapeutic targets, we analyzed global gene expression data from multiple studies to identify ATC-specific dysregulated genes. METHODS The National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database was searched for high-throughput gene expression microarray studies from human ATC tissue along with normal thyroid and/or papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) tissue. Gene expression levels in ATC were compared with normal thyroid or PTC using seven separate comparisons, and an ATC-specific gene set common in all seven comparisons was identified. We investigated these genes for their biological functions and pathways. RESULTS There were three studies meeting inclusion criteria, (including 32 ATC patients, 69 PTC, and 75 normal). There were 259 upregulated genes and 286 downregulated genes in ATC with at least two-fold change in all seven comparisons. Using a five-fold filter, 36 genes were upregulated in ATC, while 40 genes were downregulated. Of the 10 top globally upregulated genes in ATC, 4/10 (MMP1, ANLN, CEP55, and TFPI2) are known to play a role in ATC progression; however, 6/10 genes (TMEM158, CXCL5, E2F7, DLGAP5, MME, and ASPM) had not been specifically implicated in ATC. Similarly, 3/10 (SFTA3, LMO3, and C2orf40) of the most globally downregulated genes were novel in this context, while 7/10 genes (SLC26A7, TG, TSHR, DUOX2, CDH1, PDE8B, and FOXE1) have been previously identified in ATC. We experimentally validated a significant correlation for seven transcription factors (KLF16, SP3, ETV6, FOXC1, SP1, EGFR1, and MAFK) with the ATC-specific genes using microarray analysis of ATC cell lines. Ontology clustering of globally altered genes revealed that "mitotic cell cycle" is highly enriched in the globally upregulated gene set (44% of top upregulated genes, p-value <10-30). CONCLUSIONS By focusing on globally altered genes, we have identified a set of consistently altered biological processes and pathways in ATC. Our data are consistent with an important role for M-phase cell cycle genes in ATC, and may provide direction for future studies to identify novel therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Weinberger
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Augusta University Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sithara Raju Ponny
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Shan Bai
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - John Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Sheng L, Zhang S, Xu H. Effect of Slug-Mediated Down-Regulation of E-Cadherin on Invasiveness and Metastasis of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:138-143. [PMID: 28070118 PMCID: PMC5242203 DOI: 10.12659/msm.902725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slug has been found to promote migration and invasion of many cancer cells, including anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Thus, targeting Slug expression could provide new approaches for the treatment of patients with ATC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Slug (Slug siRNA) was used to construct clonal derivatives in the metastatic ATC SW1736 cells. Slug cDNA transfection was used to restore the Slug expression in the Slug siRNA-transfected SW1736 cells (Slug siRNA/SW1736). E-cadherin siRNA was used to inhibit E-cadherin expression in the Slug siRNA/SW1736 cells. The SW1736 cell migration, invasion, and signaling pathway was analyzed in vitro. Furthermore, the stable Slug siRNA-transfected SW1736 clones were used for the lung metastasis assay in an in vivo mouse model. RESULTS Targeting Slug expression in SW1736 cells showed a 45% decrease in migration and an 85% decrease in invasiveness in vitro. Knockdown of E-cadherin by E-cadherin siRNA transfection or Slug overexpression by Slug cDNA transfection restored the invasive and migrative ability in SW1736 cells. In addition, we found an 80% decrease in the number of macroscopic lung metastases nodes of mice by in vivo analysis. Western blot assay showed that Slug expression was inhibited and E-cadherin expression was increased in the Slug siRNA-transfected tumors. CONCLUSIONS Targeting Slug signaling pathway is effective in preventing lung metastasis in ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Yu-Huang-Ding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Shanjuan Zhang
- Department of Imaging, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Medicine, People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Xu J, Hardin H, Zhang R, Sundling K, Buehler D, Lloyd RV. Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen-1 (SSEA-1) Expression in Thyroid Tissues. Endocr Pathol 2016; 27:271-275. [PMID: 27550342 PMCID: PMC5107349 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-016-9448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1), also known as CD15, is a member of a cluster of differentiation antigens that have been identified in various normal tissues and in different types of cancers including papillary and medullary thyroid carcinoma. SSEA-1 may be expressed in normal stem cells and cancer stem-like cells. To evaluate the potential diagnostic and prognostic utility of SSEA-1 in thyroid tumors, we analyzed the expression of SSEA-1 in normal and neoplastic thyroid tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a tissue microarray with 158 different tissue cores. To evaluate the potential utility of SSEA-1 as a surface marker, we also assessed the expression of SSEA-1 in thyroid cell lines by flow cytometric analysis. SSEA-1 immunoreactivity was identified in malignant thyroid follicular epithelial cancers but not in the benign thyroid tissues. Anaplastic thyroid (ATC) (80 %) and conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (60.7 %) showed significantly higher percentage of cases that were SSEA-1 immunoreactive than follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) (20.6 %) and follicular carcinoma (FCA) (32.1 %). Flow cytometric analysis of cultured thyroid cell lines showed that a small subpopulation of ATC and PTC thyroid tumor cells had SSEA-1 immunoreactivity which may represent thyroid cancer stem-like cells. The ATC cells expressed more SSEA-1 immunoreactive cells than the PTC cell lines. Our findings suggest that expression of SSEA-1 immunoreactivity in thyroid neoplasms was associated with more aggressive thyroid carcinomas. SSEA-1 is a marker that detects malignant thyroid neoplasms in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded thyroid tissue sections and may be a useful marker for thyroid cancer stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Heather Hardin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Kaitlin Sundling
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Darya Buehler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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Wan F, Peng L, Zhu C, Zhang X, Chen F, Liu T. Knockdown of Latent Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β)-Binding Protein 2 (LTBP2) Inhibits Invasion and Tumorigenesis in Thyroid Carcinoma Cells. Oncol Res 2016; 25:503-510. [PMID: 27712597 PMCID: PMC7841189 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14755368915591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-binding protein 2 (LTBP2) is one of four proteins in the LTBP family of proteins (LTBP1-4) and was shown to play a vital role in tumorigenesis. However, little is known regarding the functional role of LTBP2 in thyroid carcinoma. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of LTBP2 expression on the proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis in thyroid carcinoma cells and to explore the molecular mechanism of LTBP2 in tumor progression. Our results showed that the expression of LTBP2 is upregulated in human thyroid carcinoma and cell lines. Knockdown of LTBP2 inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and EMT phenotype in thyroid carcinoma cells. Furthermore, knockdown of LTBP2 attenuates thyroid carcinoma growth in nude mice. Finally, knockdown of LTBP2 inhibits activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in thyroid carcinoma cells. In summary, the present study has provided further evidence that knockdown of LTBP2 inhibits invasion and tumorigenesis in thyroid carcinoma cells. Our findings may help to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying thyroid carcinoma progression and provide candidate targets for the prevention and treatment of thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Wan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Linyi Tumor Hospital, Linyi, P.R. China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Linyi Tumor Hospital, Linyi, P.R. China
| | - ChaoYu Zhu
- Department No. 2 of Abdominal Surgery, Linyi Tumor Hospital, Linyi, P.R. China
| | - XinFa Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Linyi Tumor Hospital, Linyi, P.R. China
| | - FangWen Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Linyi Tumor Hospital, Linyi, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, P.R. China
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Dong A, Jiao X, Chen D, Hao F, Zhang K. Targeting of slug sensitizes anaplastic thyroid carcinoma SW1736 cells to doxorubicin via PUMA upregulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 7:48-55. [PMID: 27853625 PMCID: PMC5107651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human cancers and often shows resistance to multimodal therapeutic approaches. It has been shown that the transcriptional repressor Slug inhibits the chemotherapeutic agent-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. We evaluated whether targeting of Slug could augment doxorubicin (DOX)-induced apoptosis of ATC cells. We also determined changes in PUMA (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis) expression levels to identify possible mechanisms of their combined actions. Methods SW1736 cells were transfected with Slug siRNA or/and PUMA siRNA and then exposed to DOX (0.1, 1, and 5 mM) for selected times. Scrambled siRNA was used as a control. The effects on cell viability were determined via MTT assay. Apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL assays and annexin V staining, and was confirmed by flow cytometry analyses. Slug and PUMA levels were determined using western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses. We used a subcutaneous implanted tumor model of SW1736 cells in nude mice to assess the effects of Slug silencing in combination with DOX on tumor development. Apoptosis was assessed via TUNEL assay. Results Targeting of Slug using siRNA combined with DOX led to lower cell viability than treatment with DOX alone in SW1736 cells. TUNEL and flow cytometry analyses showed that targeting of Slug enhanced DOX-induced apoptosis of SW1736 cells. In addition, targeting of Slug increased PUMA expression, and targeting of PUMA restored the chemoresistance of SW1736/Slug siRNA cells to DOX. Conclusions Knockdown of Slug enhanced the antitumor activity of DOX in SW1736 cells via induction of PUMA upregulation. Our results suggest that targeting of Slug has good potential for the development of new therapeutic strategies for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbing Dong
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuelong Jiao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003, China
| | - Fengyun Hao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003, China
| | - Kejun Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003, China
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Kim HJ, Kim MJ, Kim A, Jung CW, Park S, Koh JS, Myung JK. The Role of Notch1 Signaling in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Cancer Res Treat 2016; 49:509-517. [PMID: 27586674 PMCID: PMC5398404 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2016.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Notch signaling pathway is widely expressed in normal, reactive, and neoplastic tissues; however, its role in thyroid tissues has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study was conducted to characterize the expression of the Notch signaling pathway in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of activated Notch1 in ATC and PTC paraffin-embedded tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. The small interfering RNA techniquewas employed to knock down Notch1 expression in ATC and PTC cell lines. RESULTS The expression of activated Notch1 was higher in ATC cases than in PTC cases. Inhibition of Notch1 significantly reduced proliferation and migration of ATC cells, but not PTC cells. In addition, inhibition of Notch1 in ATC cells significantly reduced the expression of key markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells. Conversely, changes in the expression of these proteins were not observed in PTC cells. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that Notch1 expression plays different roles in tumor progression in ATC and PTC cells. We also found that Notch1 expression was significantly related to the highly invasive or proliferative activity of ATC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Areumnuri Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Won Jung
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Soo Koh
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Myung
- Laboratory of Radiation Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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